Dissertations / Theses: 'Land conflicts'

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Baligira, John. "Land rights and land conflicts in Kibaale since the colonial settlement." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32198.

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This thesis examines why there has been persistent conflict over land in Africa, with reference to Kibaale district in western Uganda. The land conflicts, especially in post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa, are attributed to such factors as the colonial legacy which has contributed to unequal access and conflicting identities. By tracing the conflict from the British colonial period, the thesis contributes to an understanding of how it evolved and why it was not resolved by the end of colonial rule and in post-colonial Uganda. The thesis draws on Mamdani's theory of decentralized despotism to establish the extent to which the post-colonial central governments' maintenance of some rural despotic authorities has undermined the land conflict resolution efforts. I contend that, though the post- colonial governments' maintenance of landlordism has partly contributed to the land-related conflict in Uganda, it does not fully explain why the conflict has persisted in places such as Kibaale district. Based on data generated through in-depth interviews with purposively sampled participants, archives and from secondary sources, the thesis contributes to an improved understanding of why land-related conflicts in Africa have persisted. It particularly shows what has undermined the ability of post-colonial governments and other stakeholders to address the roots of these conflicts. The main findings of the thesis include: the bitter memories of the late 19th and early 20th century British colonial conquest and land dispossession of people in Kibaale are still reflected in the narratives of the early settlers; the government-sponsored and selfmotivated massive resettlement of people from mainly Western Uganda to Kibaale district has increased the complexity of land disputes; different peoples' identities have also contributed to the conflict in Kibaale; and the national as well as local political actors have often intensified the conflict for the sake of political power. The thesis concludes that the instrumentalization of citizenship and belonging by the autochthons as well as the specific historical and socioeconomic factors in Kibaale district have contributed to persistent conflict over access to and ownership of land.

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Akhter, Tasneem. "The role of property rights for land degradation and land use conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16285.

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Bodendegradation ist ein wachsendes Problem von Pakistan, die Biomasse Verlust verursacht und hat einen schlechten Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft des Landes. Nordöstlich von der Provinz Punjab, die berühmt für die Reisanbau ist, leidet auch mit diesem Problem. Zusammen mit einigen anderen Gründen, sind institutionelle Aufbau in den Regionen und der Landnutzungsänderungen der Hauptgründe für diesen Abbau. Obwohl das Land ist, die privaten Eigentümern, aber wegen der Störung der bestehenden Eigentumsrechte und die jüngste Stadterweiterung in der Region hat interfamiliären Konflikte zwischen Grundbesitzern im Zusammenhang mit Entfremdung Land provoziert. Diese Konflikte haben ein Potenzial von gefährden ländlichen Setup und der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion des Landes. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, diese Konflikte Ansatz, den Schwerpunkt auf die Notwendigkeit des institutionellen Wandels für die Nutzung von landwirtschaftlichen degradierten Flächen und mögliche Governance-Struktur für Land Umwandlung in Pakistan. Die Organe der Sustainability Framework von Hagedorn et al (2002) wird verwendet werden, und einige politische Empfehlungen gehen abgeleitet werden.
Land degradation is a growing problem of Pakistan, which causes biomass loss and has a bad effect on the economy of the country. Northeast of Punjab province, which is famous for the rice cultivation, is also suffering with this problem. Along with some other reasons, institutional setup in the regions and the land-use change are the main reasons of this degradation. Although the land is owned by private owners, but because of the malfunctioning of existing property rights and the recent urban expansion in region has provoked interfamily conflicts between landowners related to land alienation. These conflicts have a potential of jeopardising rural setup and agriculture production of the country. The aim of the study is to approach these conflicts, focus on the need of institutional change for the use of agricultural degraded lands and possible governance structure for land conversion in Pakistan. The Institutions of Sustainability Framework of Hagedorn et al (2002) will be employed and some policy recommendations are going to be derived

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Junior, Darlan de Oliveira Reis. "Senhores e trabalhadores no Cariri cearense: terra, trabalho e conflitos na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12759.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Esta tese trata das relaÃÃes entre senhores e trabalhadores que viveram na regiÃo do Cariri, localizada no extremo sul da ProvÃncia do CearÃ, na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX. O domÃnio do espaÃo regional se deu, nÃo sÃ pela apropriaÃÃo dos recursos naturais, como o controle da terra, mas tambÃm atravÃs da elaboraÃÃo de um discurso sobre a vocaÃÃo econÃmica do lugar e na exploraÃÃo de trabalhadores livres e escravizados, em diferentes atividades econÃmicas. Numa abordagem que se insere no campo da HistÃria Social, procuro analisar as questÃes que envolvem o mundo do trabalho: as contradiÃÃes resultantes da desigualdade social, as prÃticas de controle estabelecidas pelos senhores, bem como os conflitos e as diferentes formas de resistÃncia dos trabalhadores. Foram utilizadas fontes como jornais, leis, processos criminais, processos civis, inventÃrios, correspondÃncias e relatÃrios de autoridades pÃblicas.
This thesis discusses the relations between masters and workers who lived in the region of Cariri, located in the extreme south of the Province of CearÃ, in the second half of the nineteenth century. The regional area domain occurred not only by natural resources appropriation, such as control of the land, but also through the development of a speech on economic vocation of the place and exploitation of free and enslaved workers, in different economic activities. In an approach based on the field of Social History, I intend to analyze the issues implicating the labor world: contradictions arising from social inequality, control practices established by masters, as well as the conflicts and different forms of workers resistance. Were used sources such as newspapers, laws, criminal cases, civil cases, inventories, correspondences and reports of public authorities.

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Alexander, Shelley M. "A GIS decision support system for resolving land allocation conflicts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24643.pdf.

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Appiah-Boateng, Sabina [Verfasser]. "Land-use Conflicts and Psychosocial Well-being / Sabina Appiah-Boateng." Hildesheim : Universität Hildesheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217404317/34.

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Hanaček, Ksenija. "Land-use changes, cultural ecosystem services, and environmental conflicts: Evidence from rural Bulgaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670263.

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Como resultado de sus interacciones e interdependencias con las personas, los agroecosistemas se obtienen servicios de ecosistemas culturales (SEC) como identidad rural, conocimiento tradicional y ceremonias relacionadas con cultivos. Sin embargo, los agroecosistemas se enfrentan globalmente a cambios en los usos de suelo, como la agricultura intensiva, el abandono de la tierra y la urbanización, que están influenciados por las fuerzas económicas, políticas y de mercado. Junto con estas tendencias, están surgiendo conflictos ambientales entre diferentes actores con diferentes intereses en las áreas terrestres. Esta tesis doctoral examina de manera integral los SEC y críticamente examina cómo están influenciados por los cambios en el uso de suelo y que tipo de conflictos ambientales surgen según los cambios en el SEC. El estudio comienza a nivel global, luego utiliza a Bulgaria como el caso de estudio tanto a nivel regional como a nivel comunitario, con especial énfasis en las políticas rurales. Los resultados de la investigación indican que los agroecosistemas proporcionan múltiples SEC interrelacionados que constituyen el patrimonio agrícola mundial. Además, los cambios en el uso de suelo tienen un impacto significativo en la cultura y la tradición, principalmente de los agricultores y las comunidades rurales, y por lo tanto surgen conflictos ambientales en forma abierta y latentes. En el caso de estudio en Bulgaria, la evaluación de SEC por parte de los diferentes actores a nivel regional y agrícola indica que la evaluación de SEC se ve interrumpida debido a cambios en el uso de suelo. Además, las sobre el SEC a nivel comunitario pueden surgir como conflictos ambientales que se expresan abiertamente a través de manifestaciones o protestas, siempre que el poder político de la comunidad para la gestión ambiental sea alto. Cuando el grado de poder es bajo, conflictos relacionados con SEC están latentes, expresados con una gran importancia dada a la identidad rural. De hecho, este estudio muestra que los conflictos ambientales por la apropiación de tierras agrícolas están entrelazados con la desposesión cultural. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, esta tesis argumenta que el patrimonio agrícola global está en riesgo de perderse debido a los cambios en el uso de la tierra. Se necesitan políticas más holísticas de uso de la tierra a diferentes escalas de gobernanza que tengan en cuenta tanto la importancia crítica de las comunidades locales como el SEC que crean conjuntamente para la preservación y nutrición de las zonas rurales. La población rural y los SEC co-creados desempeñan un papel fundamental en la defensa de los problemas de distribución de servicios ecosistémicos y en la promoción de la sostenibilidad social, ecológica y económica. Por lo tanto, la participación de las partes interesadas locales debe incluirse en la toma de decisiones sobre el uso de suelo y el SEC debe ser reconocido en la ciencia y la políticas publicas como vías para la preservación ambiental y la estabilidad social de las zonas rurales marginalizadas.
As a result of their interactions and interdependencies with people, agroecosystems contribute to the creation of cultural ecosystem services (CES) such as rural identity, traditional knowledge, and ceremonies related to cultivation. However, global agroecosystems are currently undergoing vast land-use changes –such as intensive agriculture, land abandonment, and urbanization – which are influenced by economic, policy, and market forces. Along with these trends, environmental conflicts are emerging between stakeholders with differing interests in land areas. This dissertation holistically examines CES by critically studying how CES, in the light of relational values, are disrupted by land-use changes, and further identifying environmental conflicts arising from changes in CES. The study begins at the global level, then uses Bulgaria as a case study at both the regional level and community levels, with particular emphasis on rural policies. Results of the research indicate that agroecosystems provide multiple interrelated CES that constitute global agricultural heritage. Further, land-use changes have a significant impact on culture and tradition, mainly at the expense of farmers and rural communities, and therefore lead to open and latent forms of environmental conflict. In the Bulgarian case study, stakeholders’ evaluation of CES at both regional and farm levels indicate CES evaluation is often disrupted due to land-use changes. Moreover, concerns about CES at the community level can emerge as environmental conflicts that are expressed openly thorough demonstrations or protests, provided the community’s political power for environmental management is high. When the degree of power is low, such CES-related conflicts are latent, expressed with a high importance placed on rural identity. Indeed, this study shows environmental conflicts over agricultural land appropriation are intertwined with cultural forms of dispossession. On the basis of these findings, this dissertation argues global agricultural heritage is at risk of being lost due to land-use changes. More holistic land-use policies at different governance scales are needed that consider both the critical importance of local communities and the CES they co-create for preservation and nourishment of rural areas. Rural people and co-created CES play a fundamental role in defending ecosystem services distribution issues and promoting social, ecological, and economic well-being. Therefore, the participation of local stakeholders is important in land-use decision-making, and CES recognition in science and policy as pathways for the environmental preservation and social stability of marginalized rural areas.

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Kideghesho, Jafari Ramadhani. "Wildlife conservation and local land use conflicts in Western Serengeti, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1970.

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The pre-colonial traditional societies in Western Serengeti were physically and spiritually connected to animal species and plants in their surrounding environments. This link contributed to sustainable use and harmonious coexistence. The religious affiliation and local management structures sanctioned some destructive behaviours and designated some species and habitats as sacred. Additionally, low human population and primitive technology posed low pressure on resources. Colonial regime interrupted the coexistence through introduction of new management structures. The exclusive, prohibitive and punitive actions perpetrated by colonial regime under "fences and fines" conservation approach fomented conflicts and local resentment towards conservation policies. However, despite local resentment and conflicts, the economic and political reasons forced the post-colonial government to inherit these policies uncritically.

While the idiom "Serengeti shall not die" has been a popular motto and ambition for decades, some forces had been working against it. These forces include: inefficient state-led enforcementn (due to shrinkage of government budgets in 1970s and 1980s); human population growth; rural poverty; globalisation of markets in animal products (e.g. rhino horns and ivory) and; local resentment towards the conservation policies. The reduction of the wildlife populations and habitats as a result of these forces, ruled out the efficacy of “fences and fines” approach in conserving wildlife. This prompted a need to search for alternative approach that would end this crisis.

The community conservation (CC) initiative, which emerged as a major paradigm of conservation work in late 1980s, was the most appealing option. Through provision of tangible economic benefits, CC sought to motivate local people to align their behaviours with conservation goals. This prescription was applied to Serengeti where two CC initiatives, Serengeti Regional Conservation Project (SRCP) and Community Conservation Service (CCS) were launched. Findings from this study indicate that the benefit based approaches implemented under these initiatives are fundamentally flawed, a scenario that precludes their possibility to contribute significantly to conservation objectives.

Although attitudinal survey indicated that the benefit-based strategy increase acceptability towards conservation, this may not necessarily imply a change in behaviour. Poaching was still rampant in the villages under the projects. However, even if the strategy could lead to a change of behaviour among the beneficiaries, its impact to conservation would still be insignificant since only a small fraction of the communities benefit (i.e. 14 out of 126 villages). Furthermore, even within the project villages the minimal benefits granted are inequitably distributed and monopolised by local elites. The poorest members of the society are unable to enjoy these benefits because cash is required to access them (e.g. game meat, medical services).

Along with the benefits, the results indicated that the costs inflicted by wildlife to local people and some socio-demographic factors (education, wealth) have potential role in shaping conservation attitudes. Local communities experiencing fewer costs from wildlife conservation and those most educated were less likely to support protected areas. Those with more livestock were more negative, probably because the costs of prohibition from access to water and pasture in protected areas were more obvious to them. Conservation attitudes were more positive to Serengeti National Park than to the adjacent Game Reserves, a scenario that can be attributed to history and the age of the park. It was created some 50 years when population was low and land was still available. Furthermore, the majority of the villagers were, either too young, or were not even born when the Park came to existence. Therefore, they did not feel the pain of eviction, if there was any.

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Thondhlana, Gladman, Georgina Cundill, and Thembele Kepe. "Co-management, land rights, and conflicts around South Africa’s Silaka Nature Reserve." Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67781.

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Publisher version
Globally, co-management of protected areas (PAs) offers promise in efforts to achieve ecological integrity and livelihood needs. Most co-management agreements are premised on joint decision making in defining equitable sharing of benefits from and the management responsibilities for natural resource management. However, co-managed PAs are often conflict ridden. The forceful closure of Silaka Nature Reserve in South Africa in 2013 by a local community epitomizes the conflicts that can emerge in co-management arrangements. Using Silaka Reserve as a case study, we ask questions related to the meaning of land to local people, with an interrogative focus beyond “material benefits” in co-management discourse. The results of this study show that apart from nonaccrual of material benefits, conflicts arise from nonrecognition of nonmaterial aspects such as cultural values of and historical attachment to land and limited involvement of land claimants in decision making. The implications for co-management as a desired outcome on settled land claims are discussed.

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Ubink, Janine M. "In the land of the chiefs customary law, land conflicts, and the role of the state in peri-urban Ghana /." [Leiden] : Leiden University Press, 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/librarytitles/Doc?id=10302637.

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Balakrishnan, Sai Swarna. "Land Conflicts and Cooperatives along Pune's Highways: Managing India's Agrarian to Urban Transition." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10967.

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The past ten years has been a decade of land wars in India. Rapid urbanization is spilling beyond city boundaries into the highways connecting large cities, instigating a frenzied consolidation and conversion of agricultural lands into urban/industrial lands. This process is fraught with conflict, as different social groups compete to stake their claims on the land value increments - the increases in land value due to the change in land use from agricultural to non-agricultural - of these newly converted highway lands. Against the backdrop of conflictual land consolidation processes, this dissertation examines the unique case of the Pune highways, located in the state of Maharashtra in India. Along some of Pune’s highways, agrarian landowners – sometimes voluntarily and sometimes with the mediation of bureaucrats – are pooling their fragmented agricultural lands, converting them to urban and industrial lands, and forming collective institutions of land ownership to own and control these newly converted highway lands. In other words, agrarian landowners along these highways are not being displaced from their lands. Instead, they are capturing some or all of the land value increments, and are benefiting from the urban transition. I examine the conditions that made these collective institutions possible in the Pune region, and the possibility and desirability of transferring these conditions to other regions elsewhere that are mired in similar land conflicts. My main finding is that the core of India’s land conflicts is a change in the valuation of land from fertility to location. This new, highway-induced restructuring of the land market interacts in complex ways with older caste-based forms of agrarian land control and these changes in land-based social relations is the source of conflict. India’s rapid urbanization along highways is taking place not within cities, but in-between cities, and is leading to new forms of politics that defies the urban-rural dichotomies. I also use Pune’s land conflicts and cooperatives as a window into the broader phenomenon of India’s 21st century transition from an agrarian to urban economy, and articulate the major elements of the new regional institutions that are needed for managing land markets during an uncertain urban transition.

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Wolf, Karen. "Blood, Mud, and Money: Place and Public Land Conflicts in the Shawnee Hills." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/867.

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This dissertation examines conflicts involving the use of public land for both extractive resources and recreational purposes in Southern Illinois from an anthropological perspective. These conflicts are examined in terms of place, western ideas of nature and culture, and the debate concerning conservation versus preservation. The beginning point for this work was the question of whether or not place building influences conflicts over public land. The conflicts that this work encompasses are logging, hunting, use of off-road vehicles, equestrian, and hydraulic fracturing. My goal was to look at different recreational conflicts of Southern Illinois and determine how issues of place, nature and culture, and conservation versus preservation ethics play into those conflicts. What I found is that all of these factors are inextricably intertwined and that both sides of these conflicts are informed by the identities and place-making of those involved and the perception of those identities and places.

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Bashir, S. "Land-use conflicts in Indian Protected Areas : the case of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596450.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Indian Protected Area (PA) model through a case study of land-use conflicts in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in southern India. India currently has only two types of PAs: national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Conservation policy and law favour a protectionist approach which restricts many kinds of human activities in PAs. Wayanad Sanctuary covers 344 km² and forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (5,520 km²). The Sanctuary is a dry season refuge for a major population of the endangered Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). However, there are numerous competing subsistence and commercial demands on the Sanctuary's resources from diverse stakeholders including, a large and socio-economically heterogeneous local human population, different sections of the Kerala State Government and the private sector. Wildlife depredations on human life and property are another major management problem. The study sought to understand the origin and nature of land-use conflicts in the Sanctuary and whether these could be resolved within the existing policy and legal framework. A variety of methods were used to achieve this goal. The history of land-use in the study area was examined through secondary sources. The current land-use patterns of different local communities, commercial interests and the government were studied mainly through a stratified random sample survey of 243 households, collection and analysis of unpublished government data and interviews with key informants from different stakeholder groups. Past and present government policy, legislation and management practices concerning the Sanctuary were also investigated. The study revealed important differences between communities in their reliance on the Sanctuary's resources, their experience of wildlife damage and their perceptions of the Sanctuary and of conservation generally. Additionally major inconsistencies between government policy and practice were identified. The dissertation concludes that the magnitude of commercial and subsistence land-uses is inconsistent with the Sanctuary's conservation objectives.

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Xie, Huizhong, and 謝慧中. "Trust transformation and behavioral patterns : peasant resistance under land property conflicts in rural China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206450.

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Authoritarian China provides a unique context to explore resistance strategies. For one thing, it is alert to both institutionalized resistance and non-institutionalized one. For another, China is different from traditional authoritarian state due to the change of state legitimacy. It now gains support from the public by economic performance rather than ideology control, making it tolerant of resistance claiming for economic requests. Previous literatures have discovered different types of peasant resistance. However, they fail to highlight the diversity in peasant resistance that different types co-exist. Furthermore, prior studies seldom focus on analyzing the rationale behind peasant behaviors. This thesis examines the state–society relationship by exploring peasant resistance to land conflicts in rural China. Trust in the state is an important intermediate variable that shapes peasant responses to state policy. Through 4 months of ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with 45 land-lost peasants in 2 villages, the study finds an interplay between peasant trust and behavior toward state policy. More specifically, the way people trust the central government leads to different resistance strategies. This study uncovers four types of trust in the central government and shows how they lead to specific social actions in terms of intention and capacity: Justice Bao (morally good intention and large capacity), Judge (legally just and large capacity), Clay Bodhisattva (good intention and small capacity), Monster (bad intention and large capacity). Accordingly, peasants develop four types of behavioral patterns based on the trust types: state-dependent and norm-based, state-dependent and policy-based, self-dependent and policy-based, self-dependent and norm-based. It also investigates the opposite process of how those actions lead to a reshaping of trust in the state. In other words, this study places the evolution of trust in a cyclic lifetime learning model where trust shapes behavior and is in turn reshaped by the consequences of those behaviors. This study contributes to the existing literature in three main aspects. Firstly, it identifies that peasant trust in the central government is diverse rather than monolithic as found by current literatures. Secondly, it displays the connection between trust in the state and corresponding behavioral patterns towards the state policy. Thirdly, it enriches the current literature on trust by indicating that trust evolves in a lifetime learning process. It on one hand influences peasants’ behavioral patterns; on the other is reshaped by the consequences of behaviors.
published_or_final_version
Sociology
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Tahir, Abdifatah I. "Urban governance, land conflicts and segregation in Hargeisa, Somaliland : historical perspectives and contemporary dynamics." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70417/.

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This thesis offers an explanation for why urban settlement in Somaliland's capital city of Hargeisa is segregated along clan lines. The topic of urban segregation has been neglected in both classic Somali studies, and recent studies of post-war state-building and governance in Somaliland. Such negligence of urban governance in debates over state-making stems from a predominant focus on national and regional levels, which overlooks the institutions governing cities. Yet urban governance can provide key insights into the nature and quality of interaction between people and the local state, and the processes of making and unmaking of Somali urban spaces. Given the rapid urban growth in the Somali populated territories, I propose a shift in focus to explore city spaces, as a means of deepening understanding of Somali social, political and spatial organisation. In advancing this proposed shift, the thesis scrutinises the nexus between governance and segregation in Hargeisa, drawing on urban ethnographic methods, interview and archival sources. I argue that segregation in the city can be understood as the spatial manifestation of governance practices across colonial and postcolonial periods, in intersection with bottom up processes, particularly the quest for security and peacebuilding in what is largely characterised as a hybrid order. The concept of hybrid governance – while capturing important aspects of control over city space - is often insufficiently historicised and politicised to convey the complex intersection of state institutions, clan and sub-clan allegiance and traditional authorities. My analysis thus situates recent urban governance and conflicts over land in a longer history of municipal governance, urban land administration and conflict adjudication. This historical perspective is important for the understanding of how segregation has been reproduced over time, and adds a new dimension to the understandings of the drivers and dynamics of Hargeisa's spatial character.

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Ramutsindela, Maano Freddy. "Reconstructing the post-apartheid state : disputed spaces in Northern Province, South Africa." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313414.

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Sims, Bryan M. "Conflict in perpetuity? Examining Zimbabwe’s protracted social conflict through the lens of land reform." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96932.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation analyses the relationship between civil society and political leadership within the context of Zimbabwe’s protracted social conflict, particularly through the lens of land policy. Through the use of strategic informants, it yields important insights into the origins, form and impact of political leadership and civil society in a way that will expose the dynamics of elite and grassroots mobilisation and the political context in which land policy is either made or obstructed. Specifically, this dissertation examines two research questions. First, if political leadership is not representative of the citizenry, is land policy more likely to engender overt conflict? Second, if civil society has an autonomous role in the public sphere, is land policy more likely to benefit citizens? This dissertation also confronts an emerging empirical problem: the absence of descriptive data in regards to how civil society and political leadership have engaged in reforming land policy in Zimbabwe during the period of transition from 2008 to 2013. By measuring representation and autonomy – indicators of human needs satisfaction– this dissertation traced each phase of the protracted social conflict as it both helped to create the conditions for a liberation model of representation while simultaneously further exacerbating protracted social conflict within Zimbabwe.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ontleed die verhouding tussen die burgerlike samelewing en politieke leierskap veral deur die lens van grondbeleid, binne die konteks van Zimbabwe se uitgerekte sosiale konflik. Dit het ten doel om belangrike insigte op te lewer in die oorsprong, vorm en impak van politieke leierskap en die burgerlike samelewing. Die word blootgestel in 'n manier wat die dinamika van die elite en mobilisering op grondvlak in ag neem soweel as die politieke konteks waarin grondbeleid óf gemaak is of belemmer word. Hierdie tesis konfronteer ook 'n opkomende empiriese probleem: die afwesigheid van beskrywende data met betrekking tot die betrokkenheod van die burgerlike samelewing en politieke leierskap tydens die grondhervorming proses in Zimbabwe gedurende die tydperk van oorgang tussen 2008 en 2013. Deur die meting van verteenwoordiging en outonomie - aanwysers van menslike behoeftes bevrediging - word elke fase van die uitgerekte sosiale konflik ondersoek met betrekking tot hoe ‘n bevryding model van verteenwoordigheid beide gehelp het om die voorwaardes te skepvir die eindeiging van die PSC; maar terselfdertyd het dit ook die sosiale konflik in Zimbabwe verder uitgerek. !

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Silva, Tatiane Karine Matos da. "Conflitos pela terra na Gleba Ponte Queimada: experiências de disputas por terras em narrativas (1960-1972)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1724.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016Tatiane_Karine_Silva.pdf: 2086089 bytes, checksum: a945c06eb113b9f2bf4287815fe59a83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This paper discusses the dynamics of conflicts over land in a border region from the squatter experiences in disputes over land in Gleba Bridge Burned, in the municipality of Santa Helena, Paraná, between 1960 and 1972. We seek to analyze the practices through several narratives that permeated clashes between squatters and landowners in two spaces of said Gleba, one in Finance Rimacla and the other in Corner Blue Sky community. From this perspective, we are interested in realizing the possibilities and positions built by squatters who had to deal with these conflicting processes, which resulted in his expulsion from places where hitherto lived. We emphasize, therefore, the pressures that permeated their lives, violence and insecurity, as well as prepare their stories about those disputes
Este trabalho problematiza as dinâmicas de conflitos por terras em uma região de fronteira a partir das experiências de posseiros em disputa pela terra na Gleba Ponte Queimada, localizada no município de Santa Helena, Paraná, entre 1960 e 1972. Buscamos analisar as práticas, por meio de narrativas diversas, que permearam embates entre posseiros e proprietários de terras em dois espaços da referida Gleba, um na Fazenda Rimacla e o outro na comunidade de Esquina Céu Azul. Nessa perspectiva, interessa-nos perceber as possibilidades e posicionamentos construídos pelos posseiros que tiveram que lidar com estes processos conflituosos, os quais resultaram em sua expulsão dos lugares em que até então viviam. Enfatizamos, assim, as pressões que permeavam suas vidas, a violência e a insegurança, bem como elaboram suas narrativas acerca daquelas disputas

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Thampy, Gayatri S. "INDIGENOUS CONTESTATIONS OF SHIFTING PROPERTY REGIMES: LAND CONFLICTS AND THE NGOBE IN BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365428854.

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19

Tang, Sze-man, and 鄧思敏. "Farmland conservation in Hong Kong's rural hinterland: conflicts and potentials." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227867.

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Garn, Calee L. "Evaluating Relationships of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception Between Ranchers and Bureau of Land Management Professionals." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7660.

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The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages approximately 245 million acres in the U.S., the majority of which are in the western half of the country. There have been several conflicts in Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Arizona, since 2010 that have resulted in a fatality, armed militias, several incarcerations, and lawsuits facing the federal government. Following a preliminary needs assessment conducted in Box Elder County, Utah, and a comprehensive review of the literature, further research was needed to understand BLM professional (BLM managers or BLM specialists) and rancher perceptions regarding BLM policies and procedures. The study specifically looked at attitudes, perception and knowledge concerning the implementation of range improvement projects to potentially address conflicts and relationship issues between ranchers and BLM professionals. A needs assessment model was used to frame the research. Two similar questionnaires, one for BLM professional and the other for permitees (ranchers) using federal land managed by the BLM, were developed by the researcher. The questionnaire was divided into four sections: participant characteristics; perceptions concerning BLM policies; knowledge questions related to BLM policies; and attitudes concerning federal land ownership and BLM policies. The rancher questionnaire was mailed to 182 ranchers and netted a 37.2% response rate. The BLM questionnaire was emailed to 15 BLM professionals in the Salt Lake Field office and netted an 84.6% response rate. Results were analyzed using descriptive and appropriate correlation statistics. Multiple relationships between rancher and BLM professionals’ perceptions and knowledge were identified. Rancher interventions should include (a) when to submit rangeland improvement projects, (b) what could result in a temporary reduction in AUMs on a grazing allotment, (c) where to access online NEPA documents, and (d) who makes final land management decisions for the BLM. BLM professionals’ interventions could include the steps required for planning a juniper removal project, and when to submit a new waterline or fenceline request. Ranchers’ background has minimal influence on their perception. Rancher age had a medium, positive relationship on ranchers’ attitude regarding the NEPA process working and needing no revisions. Finally, the majority of rancher respondents identified as somewhat agreeing, somewhat disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing with the federal government owning land.

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Xu, Shaowei Steve. "People and park conflicts in China : an observation from Shimentai nature reserve in Yingde, Guangdong Province /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25058964.

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Hultman, Tomas, and Tessan Nordeman. "A modern myth of grassroot communication : A critical perspective on social media use in land conflicts in Cambodia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20964.

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Social media is a collective name for the communication channels that allow users to communicate directly with each other in real time through text, image or sound. This study sets out to describe, analyze and draw conclusions on the use of social media in land conflicts in Cambodia. Experts debate on the importance of social media in social change, and aid institutions encourage social media presence for grass root organizations. With this study we want to add a grass root perspective from a development context, trying to see how the communication and information work with social media actually works. We decided to focus on social media’s agenda setting, advocacy and mobilizational possibilities, and interviewed eight organizations, three journalists/bloggers and one newspaper editor to get a broad perspective of social media’s usage in land conflicts, and we also conducted a small case study on the land conflict Boeung Kak lake’s presence on Youtube. The results showed that the organizations were using social media in many different ways, and on different levels in their communications work. We could however not see any clear interlinkage between the usage of social media and a success in neither agenda setting, social mobilization nor advocacy work; even though there are success stories we could not see consistent patterns in them. Our conclusion is therefore that a more objective and rational picture of social media is needed, that acknowledges the potentials but also shows the obstacles. Our hope is that this study can give a more balanced approach to social media’s place in developing countries in general and Cambodia in particular, helping actors to understand the different factors that need to be addressed to make it a successful tool of communication.

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Souza, Edimilson Rodrigues de. "A morte sob outro ponto de vista : transformação do líder morto em mártir-encantado." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5838.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta pesquisa pretende evidenciar, a partir de três experiências etnográficas, algumas das modalidades de tradução dos assassinatos de lideranças (sindicais, religiosas, camponesas e indígenas) em áreas marcadas historicamente por intensos conflitos fundiários no Brasil: São Geraldo do Araguaia (PA), Ribeirão Cascalheira (MT) e Pesqueira (PE); com o intuito de problematizar a transformação/fabricação de Raimundo Ferreira Lima (Gringo), João Bosco Penido Burnier e Francisco de Assis Araújo (Xicão Xukuru) em mártires da terra e/ou encantados, presentificados nas peregrinações decorrentes desses acontecimentos, as Romarias dos mártires da caminhada. O foco da análise serão as narrativas sobre estes líderes marcados para morrer , que nos oferecem ferramentas para pensar de que forma suas trajetórias pessoais, assim como as ameaças que antecederam os assassinatos por encomenda destes personagens, provocaram outros pontos de vista sobre a morte/violência nesses espaços de luta. Esta topologia é uma tentativa de organizar uma lógica de pensamento que reconheça a transição entre vida e morte, articulada pelas diversas experiências de conflitos e enfrentamentos que perpassam o direito de permanecer em territórios historicamente ocupados e apropriados por esses coletivos
This research aims to highlight, from three ethnographic experiences, some of the manners for the translation of leaders assassinations, respectively union workers, religious, farmers and indigenous, in areas historically marked by intense land conflicts in Brazil: São Geraldo do Araguaia (PA), Ribeirão Cascalheira (MT) and Pesqueira (PE), in order to discuss the transformation/generation of Raimundo Ferreira Lima (Gringo), João Bosco Penido Burnier and Francisco de Assis Araújo (Xicão Xukuru) in the land martyrs and/or enchanted, made present in the pilgrimages arising from these events, the pilgrimages of the martyrs of the walk. The focus of the analysis will be the stories about these leaders "marked for death", which offer us tools to think about how their personal trajectory as well as the threats that preceded the ordered murders of these characters caused other points of view on the death/violence in these spaces of struggle. This topology is an attempt to organize one logic of thought that recognizes the transition between life and death, articulated by various experiences of conflict and confrontation, which underlie the right to remain in the territories historically occupied and appropriated by these collectives

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Galli, Ester. "Frame Analysis in Environmental Conflicts : The case of ethanol production in Brazil." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39502.

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Governments and policy-makers are currently dealing with some key issues as energy security in countries dependent on oil imports; global economic development, including increased food production; and controlling global climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. The perception that biofuel could solve these challenges simultaneously has led to the implementation of policy and regulatory mechanisms on the mandatory use of biofuels, resulting in a sharp increase in biofuel production and consumption. Serious concerns about large-scale ethanol production have been raised regarding loss of biodiversity and competition for land between food and ethanol production. It is also suggested that sugarcane-based ethanol increases GHG emissions due to indirect land use change. Furthermore, sugarcane harvesting has been criticised for causing air pollution and bad working conditions for cutters. These criticisms have mostly been denied by Brazilian actors. This thesis seeks to clarify these divergent views and conflicts concerning Brazilian ethanol. It was carried out within a KTH research programme that uses frames in the analysis of conflicts emerging from the development and implementation of new technologies. Frame analysis can help improve understanding of such conflicts, which derive from differences in values, world views and beliefs and can be difficult to resolve. Frame analysis seeks to identify the particular factors determining the actions taken by different stakeholders, giving equal treatment to all actors. The results showed that the international views expressed in the media captured the attention of the public and policy-makers, and led them to frame ethanol as a destructive for nature fuel. The analysis identified that the ethanol as a threat to food security frame combined with the ethanol as a destructive for nature frame led the public and policy-makers to frame ethanol as a brown fuel. However, Brazilian actors frame ethanol differently: as a green and safe fuel. These differences have raised the conflicts that are analysed in this thesis. Furthermore, the analysis identified that the changes in the harvesting system, from manual to mechanised –besides decreasing air pollution- will cost the job of hundreds of thousands of cane cutters. Values and beliefs orientating such changes are analysed in the thesis.
QC 20110912

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Santos, Cleonice Ferreira dos. "Memória camponesa: os conflitos pela terra e educação do campo no município de Barreiras (BA)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9016.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study, with the theme Peasant memory: the conflicts for land and Rural Education in Barreiras town (BA), analyses whether the conflicts in the rural region have contributed for democratization or the conquest of land and education for several peoples of the rural region in Barreiras town. About the methodology, the option chosen was the qualitative approach to rescue the peasants’ collective memory in three agrarian reform settlement projects, one of them a traditional community and two irrigation projects of Codevasf. Information was collected with two leaders of the Union of Rural Workers (Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Barreiras, STRB in Portuguese acronym); the current and ex leaders of the municipal Movement of Landless Rural Workers (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, MST in Portuguese acronym); a local historian, who made studies on this reality; and a regional coordinator of a NGO. The following instruments and procedures for data collection were used: questionnaire, semi structured interview and documental analysis. For data treatment, the speeches of participants of the research previously identified were analyzed. Nest, empirical information were crossed with reflections by researchers like Arroyo (1999, 2004, 2017), Caldart (2004, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2015), Candau (2016), Freire (1998, 2011), Halbwachs (2003), Martins (1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 2001, 2003, 2010), Molina (2012), Taffarel and Munarim (2015), Oliveira (1990, 1996) and Prado Júnior (2014). According to the bibliographic study and the empirical analysis of data was possible notice out that the land concentration remains high in the town, therefore, it is difficult to the peasants have access to the land. It was still identified that in some situations, the land redistribution was result from agreements among peasants and landowners, and in lower proportion, from conflicts involving the subjects previously mentioned. The study indicated that, even before adverse conditions, the peasants resist to the perverse land ownership model and they reached, even without government assistance (financing or technical assistance), producing and living in their plot of land. Regarding to the education in/of rural region, (it is one of the peasants’ claims), it was identified that, on the opposite of what is propagate, the closing /nucleation of schools overtaxes much more the municipality, because an exorbitant amount is spent with students school transportation. It was evident that closing schools undergo students to jeopardies from the precarious conditions of streets and buses. Further, it causes the students loss of socio-cultural link with the community and weaken the movement of struggle for land, because the schools closing contributes for emptying the rural regions, in a constant migratory process of families searching for public policies.
Este estudo, com o tema Memória Camponesa: os conflitos pela Terra e Educação do Campo no município de Barreiras (BA), analisa se os conflitos no campo contribuíram para a democratização ou a conquista da terra e educação para os diversos povos do campo no município de Barreiras. Sobre a metodologia, a opção foi pela abordagem qualitativa para resgatar a memória coletiva dos camponeses e camponesas em três projetos de assentamento de reforma agrária, uma comunidade tradicional e dois projetos de irrigação da Codevasf. Foram coletadas informações de dois dirigentes do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Barreiras (STRB); o atual e ex dirigentes do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) municipal; uma historiadora local, que fez estudos sobre essa realidade; e um coordenador de ONG regional. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos e procedimentos de coleta de dados: questionário, entrevista semiestruturada e análise documental. Para o tratamento dos dados, as falas dos participantes da pesquisa, identificados anteriormente, foram analisadas. Em seguida, as informações empíricas foram cruzadas com reflexões de pesquisadores, como Arroyo (1999, 2004, 2017), Caldart (2004, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2015), Candau (2016), Freire (1998, 2011), Halbwachs (2003), Martins (1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 2001, 2003, 2010), Molina (2012), Taffarel e Munarim (2015), Oliveira (1990, 1996) e Prado Júnior (2014). De acordo com o estudo bibliográfico e a análise dos dados empíricos, foi possível perceber que a concentração fundiária permanece elevada no município, sendo, portanto, muito difícil para os camponeses terem acesso à terra. Ainda foi identificado que, em algumas situações, as redistribuições de terra resultaram de acordos entre camponeses e latifundiários e, em menor proporção, de conflitos envolvendo os sujeitos anteriormente mencionados. O estudo indicou que, mesmo diante de condições adversas, os camponeses resistem ao modelo fundiário perverso e conseguiram, mesmo sem assistência governamental (financiamento ou assistência técnica), produzir e viver em seus lotes. Em relação à educação do/no campo (que é uma das reivindicações dos camponeses), foi identificado que, ao contrário do que se propaga, o fechamento/nucleação de escolas onera ainda mais o município, pois tem sido gasto um montante exorbitante com o transporte escolar dos estudantes. Ficou evidenciado que o fechamento das escolas submete os alunos a perigos decorrentes das precárias condições das estradas e dos ônibus. Além disto, ocasiona a perda de vínculo sociocultural dos estudantes com a comunidade e enfraquece o movimento de luta por terra, posto que o fechamento das escolas contribui para o esvaziamento do campo, em um constante processo migratório das famílias em busca de políticas públicas.

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Siles, Brenda. "The Politics of Land Distribution: Ingenio Victoria de Julio- El Timal, a Case Study of Nicaraguan Rural Conflicts after 1990." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/77.

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One of the greatest legacies of the Sandinista Revolution was agrarian reform. Despite the amount of land redistributed, this process happened without any form of legal documentation to support the transfer of property from one owner to the next. The end of the civil war, the peace accords and the transition of power from left to right-wing parties produced conflicting policies that would bring high levels of complexity to the system of land tenure in the country. The case of the state-owned sugar mill, Ingenio Victoria de Julio – El Timal is of one the most emblematic examples of how slow and inefficient Nicaraguan institutions have been in solving land tenure issues in 26 years.

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Akhter, Tasneem [Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Hagedorn, Harald von [Akademischer Betreuer] Witzke, and Hafiz Zahid [Akademischer Betreuer] Mahmood. "The role of property rights for land degradation and land use conflicts : the case of Wetland in Gujranwala (Pakistan) / Tasneem Akhter. Gutachter: Konrad Hagedorn ; Harald von Witzke ; Hafiz Zahid Mahmood." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101501688X/34.

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Teixeira, Marco Antonio dos Santos. "Conflitos por terra em diferentes configura??es: um estudo de caso em Mag?, RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1274.

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Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ
This work examines the forms of action used by a group of rural workers in the struggle to stay on the land where they lived. It is a case study about the clods Am?rica Fabril and the farms Concei??o de Suru? and Cachoeira Grande, located in the city of Mag?, Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. The study covers the period between the early 1960's and the second half of the 1980's. We analyzed these cases starting from the experiences of men and women who fought to stay on the land. From the experiences and the elements present in each case - the characters, context and setting, for example - the aim was to identify the configuration formed in each case and to better understand the path taken by the analyzed conflicts.
Este trabalho analisa as formas de a??o empregadas por um grupo de trabalhadores rurais na luta para permanecerem na terra em que viviam. Trata-se de um estudo de caso feito na gleba Am?rica Fabril, fazenda Concei??o de Suru? e fazenda Cachoeira Grande, localizadas no munic?pio de Mag?, Baixada Fluminense, estado do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo compreende o per?odo entre os primeiros anos da d?cada de 1960 e a segunda metade dos anos 1980. Analisaram-se estes casos a partir das experi?ncias dos homens e mulheres que lutaram para alcan?arem seu objetivo, a perman?ncia na terra. A partir desta experi?ncia e da rede de elementos presentes em cada caso ? personagens, contexto e cen?rio, por exemplo ? buscou-se identificar a configura??o que se conformou em cada caso para assim compreender melhor o rumo tomado pelos conflitos analisados

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Oliveira, Aldjane de. "Povo Wassu Cocal : terra, religiões e conflitos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3202.

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This research has as focus to analyze and to understand the relations and conviviality between the Evangelical Wassu and the Catholic-Ouricuri Wassu, considering the environments and situations generating of possible symbolic conflicts. In the present work, I present, initially, a retrospective of the history of the Wassu Cocal People, based on an analysis in the light of Anthropology, in order to situate the Wassu people within ethnology and history in Brazilian society. The conflicts in the Wassu Cocal people's daily life, usually subtle, silenced or expressed, are perceived in this research through opinions, positions, invitations or exclusions in the day-to-day activities of the community, based on the different religions practiced in it. I do not conceive them (the conflicts) only in the grossest sense of the word, when it would arrive at ways of fact, but in its bland form: symbolic conflict. I consider conflict environments particularly: predilections for participation in events outside indigenous lands, disputes for public office and leadership in the community itself or outside it, influence of evangelical ideologies within indigenous schools, as well as the practice or notion of healing between the evangelical Wassu and the Wassu practitioners of Ouricuri. In an attempt to improve the theoretical development and writing of this research, I use the terms Evangelical Wassu and Catholic-Ouricuri Wassu, the latter as a theoretical category to analyze the group of people who declare themselves Catholic but practice Ouricuri, fulfill the obligations and keep the secrets of the rituals and beliefs of the ancestors.
Esta pesquisa tem como foco analisar e compreender como se dão as relações e o convívio entre os Wassu evangélicos e os Wassu católicos-Ouricuri, considerando os ambientes e situações geradores de possíveis conflitos simbólicos. No presente trabalho, apresento, inicialmente, uma retrospectiva da história do Povo Wassu Cocal, pautando-me em uma análise à luz da Antropologia, a fim de situar o povo Wassu dentro da etnologia e da história na sociedade brasileira. Os conflitos no cotidiano do povo Wassu Cocal, geralmente sutis, silenciados ou expressados, são percebidos, nesta pesquisa, a partir de opiniões, posicionamentos, convites ou exclusões nas atividades do dia a dia da comunidade, tendo como base as distintas religiões praticadas na mesma. Não os tomo, os conflitos, somente no sentido mais bruto da palavra, quando se chegaria a vias de fato, mas na sua forma mais branda: o conflito simbólico. Considero como ambientes-conflito principalmente predileções para participação de eventos fora das terras indígenas, disputas por cargos públicos e de liderança na própria comunidade ou fora dela, influência de ideologias evangélicas dentro das escolas indígenas, assim como a prática ou a noção de cura entre Wassu evangélicos e Wassu praticantes do Ouricuri. Numa tentativa de melhorar o desenvolvimento teórico e a escrita desta pesquisa, utilizo os termos Wassu evangélicos e Wassu católicos-Ouricuri, este como categoria teórica para analisar o grupo de pessoas que se declara católico, mas que pratica Ouricuri, cumpre as obrigações e guarda os segredos dos rituais e crenças dos ancestrais.

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Mingorria, Martinez Sara. "The nadies waving resistance: Oil palm and sugarcane conflicts in the territory,communities and households of the Q'epchil', PolochicValley, Guatemala." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402364.

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Desde las dos última década, los cultivos de palma aceitera y de caña de azúcar se han ido expandiendo aceleradamente en Asia, África y Latino América para ser exportados y/o procesados como agrocombustibles, productos alimenticios o productos industriales. Empresas e instituciones estatales e internacionales financian y promueven su cultivo como solución a las múltiples crisis alimentarias, energéticas, climáticas y financieras. Contrariamente, organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs) y colectivos locales (entre ellos, población sin tierra, comunidades indígenas o trabajadores temporales) se oponen a estos procesos de acaparamiento de tierras a través de movilizaciones y formas de resistencia a favor de la justicia agraria y ambiental. La presente tesis doctoral contribuye al estudio de estas dinámicas agrarias extractivas, a través de un caso de estudio en el Valle del Polochic, Guatemala, donde actualmente las tierras fértiles del Valle están siendo disputadas por las plantaciones de palma aceitera y caña de azúcar propiedad de élites empresariales y por la siembra de granos básicos por la población Maya-Q’eqchi’. Desde el marco metodológico de la Investigación Acción Participativa, aplicando una aproximación interdisciplinar y multiscalar, esta investigación plantea las siguientes preguntas de investigación: La tesis aborda cuatro objetivos: 1) entender los conflictos ambientales y agrarios generados por la expansión de la palma aceitera y la caña de azúcar a lo largo de dieciséis años (1998-2014); 2) analizar cómo y porqué los comunes Maya-Q’eqchi pueden ser formas de resistencia contemporáneas ante el acaparamiento de tierras; 3) examinar las implicaciones en el bienestar de los hogares Maya-Q’eqchi’ del efecto combinado del trabajo en las plantaciones de palma aceitera y el acceso a tierra; y 4) reflexionar sobre la construcción de indicadores para el análisis de la pobreza en los hogares rurales. Los datos fueron recogidos en tres fases de campo diferentes a lo largo de siete años (2009-2011; Enero 2012, y Agosto 2014), a través de metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas. El conjunto de estos resultados aporta reflexiones empíricas, teóricas y metodológicas sobre las actuales dinámicas extractivas agrarias generadas por monocultivos con múltiples y flexibles usos al: 1) analizar estos procesos con un caso en profundidad en una región poco estudiada y de alta conflictividad; 2) al desarrollar el concepto de comunes agrarios a partir de la intersección de distintos marcos teóricos y 3) al ampliar el marco analítico de los sistemas rurales desde una aproximación compleja y multidimensional a partir de indicadores y tipologías de hogar. Todo ello enriquece los actuales debates sobre conflictividad agraria y ambiental en foros académicos de ecología política y estudios agrarios; de activistas, defensores del territorio y de tomadores de decisiones.
Over the last two decades, the oil palm and sugarcane plantations have been expanding rapidly in Asia, Africa and Latin America as exports and/or as processed agro-fuels, food products and industrial products. Companies as well as state and international institutions support and promote their cultivation as a way of solving the multiple food, energy, climate, and financial crises. In contrast, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local collectives oppose these processes of land grabbing by mobilizing themselves and creating forms of resistance for the sake of agrarian and environmental justice. This thesis contributes to the study of these agrarian extractive dynamics through the case study of the Polochic Valley, Guatemala, where there are currently disputes over the fertile lands of this region involving the oil palm and sugarcane plantations owned by national elites and the sowing of basic grains for the Maya-Q’eqchi’ people. From the methodological framework of participatory action research, applying an interdisciplinary and multiscalar approach, the thesis focuses on: 1) understand the environmental and agrarian conflicts caused by the expansion of oil palm and sugarcane industries over sixteen years (1998-2014); 2) analyze how and why the Maya-Q’eqch’ commons can be contemporary forms of resistance to land grabbing; 3) examine the implications of the combined effect of work in the palm oil plantations and the access to land in the wellbeing of the Maya-Q’eqchi’ households; and (4) reflect on the construction of indicators for the analysis of poverty in rural households. Data were collected in three different field phases over a period of seven years (2009-2011; January 2012 and August 2014) and by applying qualitative and quantitative methods. The results provide empirical, theoretical and methodological reflections on current agrarian extractive dynamics generated by monocultures with multiple and flexible uses. The thesis analyzes these processes in depth with a case study conducted in a region that has previously not been studied extensively and has experienced high unrest, whereby showing on the one hand, that the industrial expansion of these crops provide continuity to an extractive economic model that generates violent conflict are not always visible and denounced, while at the same time accelerating the loss of traditional institutions and processes of social differentiation. On the other hand, there are various forms of resistance and mobilization against these monocultures at multiple scales. Rural NGOs focused on development, human rights and research are mobilized at national and transnational levels by means of campaigns and protests against the violation of human rights, agrofuels and land grabbing; and at the regional level, communities resist and mobilize themselves by occupying lands and reproducing their own agrarian commons for the sake of agrarian and environmental justices. The thesis develops the concept of agrarian commons beginning with the intersection of different theoretical frameworks and the analytical framework of rural systems from a complex and multidimensional approach based on indicators and household typologies. All these enhance the current debates on agrarian extractivisim and environmental conflict among academic forums of political ecology and agricultural studies, of activists, defenders of the territory and decision makers.

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Sousa, Denise Martins de. "Da luta pela terra à territorialização quilombola: o caso da comunidade Porto Velho, Iporanga/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-29062016-134533/.

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As mudanças nas formas de apropriação do espaço na região do Vale do Ribeira têm proporcionado metamorfoses da territorialidade de populações camponesas. É nessa conjuntura que a luta pela terra de trabalho ganha nova expressão: resistência e permanência no território ancestral por meio da construção da identidade quilombola. Portanto, a territorialização da comunidade remanescente de quilombo Porto Velho é analisada frente aos desafios e estratégias de resistência para permanecer no território ancestral. O histórico de origem deste bairro rural identifica estes sujeitos sociais como descendentes dos escravos que habitavam estas terras desde 1860. Todavia, entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, houve um período importante de submissão e relações de trabalho precárias a fazendeiros e terceiros. No final dos anos 1980, os camponeses enfrentaram ameaças que culminaram em expropriações e expulsões de boa parte dos quilombolas do território. No contexto marcado pela emergência do conflito, o grupo negro se organiza e inicia a luta pela terra com apoio da Pastoral da Terra, MOAB e EAACONE. A pesquisa sobre a população remanescente de quilombo Porto Velho, situada no município de Iporanga (SP), refletiu a perspectiva geográfica de como estes sujeitos sociais constroem suas relações no território quilombola, sua organização comunitária e sociabilidade, e as transformações no âmbito material e imaterial. Trata-se de um estudo cuja metodologia é constituída por trabalhos de campo, entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O estudo realizado identificou a complexidade do processo de transformação deste território quilombola na busca por autonomia e liberdade. Os impactos de novas demandas, justapostas sobre o território e sobre a vida destes sujeitos sociais, trouxeram a necessidade de criar e recriar estratégias para a conservação de costumes e de luta pela terra e permanência no território que habitam há gerações. Entende-se que neste processo de conflitos por terra, a lógica imposta pelo capital não só provocou forte transformação no território ancestral, como ofereceu situação de risco social e cultural à própria sobrevivência da comunidade quilombola.
The transformations in the forms of the space appropriation in the Vale do Ribeira region have led to metamorphoses of the peasant populations territoriality. At this conjuncture, the land dispute has acquired a new expression: resistance and permanence in the ancestral territory by the construction of the quilombo identity. Therefore, the process of territorialisation of the quilombola remaining community Porto Velho is analysed dealing with the challenges and strategies of resistance to remain in the ancestral land. The historical origin of this rural district identifies these social subjects as descendants of slaves who inhabited these lands since 1860. However, between the 1950s and 1980s, there was an important period of submission and precarious relations of labor to farmers and others. In the late 1980s, the traditional inhabitants faced threats culminating in expropriation and expulsion of most part of the quilombo territory. In the context marked by the emergence of the conflict, the quilombola group organized and began the struggle by the land with the support of Pastoral da Terra, MOAB and EAACONE. Research on the remaining population of the quilombo Porto Velho, which is situated in Iporanga, São Paulo, reflected the geographical perspective of how these social subjects established their relationships in the quilombo territory, their community and sociability organizations, and their transformations concerning the material and immaterial sphere. The methodology used in the current study is constituted by fieldwork, interviews, and bibliographical and documental research. This research identified the complexity of the transformation process of the aforementioned quilombo in the quest for autonomy and freedom. The consequences of new demands, juxtaposed over the territory and the lives of these social subjects, brought the need to create and recreate strategies for the conservation of traditions; and struggling for land and permanence on the territory, which they have inhabited for generations. In this process of land conflicts, the logic, which was imposed by the capital, not only caused major transformations in the ancestral territory, but also has endangered the cultural and social survival of the quilombola community.

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Barcellos, Fernando Henrique Guimaraes. "A??o sindical e luta por terra no Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/647.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The present dissertation aims to investigate the development of the actions of The Agricultural Workers Federation of Rio de Janeiro State FETAG ( Federa??o dos trabalhadores na Agricultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) on the land s conflicts in the state. The horizon of time to be studied is divided in three distinct periods. The first one is from 1945 to 1964. The second one is from 1964 to the begging of the 1970 s. And the last one goes from the middle of the 1970 s to the beginning of the 1980 s. In the first period, which is characterized by the beginning of the rural unionism in Brazil and ends with the coup d etat in 1964, it is identified the main forces on the scene, the way they were organized and how they used to fight, observing both who had the power of the organizations and the main changes that took place during the period. In the second period, the way the FETAG registered the conditions of the land s conflicts, its perception and definition of what was legitimate to be claimed in each historical moment and the arguments considered appropriate and legitimate of being used to direct such conflicts are taking into account. In addition, we used that background to understand who was the main actors to whom and for whom FETAG was interested to convey. In the third and last period, we shed light to the practices of fight of The FETAG, its changes and intensity during these years. During that time, it is possible to identify new forces in scene and the transformation of the strategies of fight along with the beginning of the dialog with the State and with other opponent or allied forces. To carry on this research we have used qualitative procedures, which articulates the analysis of narratives to the theoretical and documentary references.
O objetivo deste trabalho ? estudar as continuidades e rupturas da a??o da Federa??o dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FETAG) nos conflitos de terra no estado. O recorte temporal ? demarcado pelos primeiros passos do sindicalismo rural no Brasil, no per?odo compreendido entre 1945 e 1964, ano do golpe militar. Identificamos as principais for?as em cena, suas formas de organiza??o e luta, atentando para as mudan?as ao longo do tempo e tamb?m para quem detinha o controle das organiza??es. Reconstitu?mos a cultura pol?tica que a FETAG, quando surge, deixa para a FETAG ap?s o golpe militar, em 1964. O segundo momento vai de 1964 at? o in?cio dos anos 70. Caracterizamos como a FETAG historia as condi??es dos conflitos de terra, sua percep??o e defini??o do que pode ser qualificado como leg?timo de reivindicar em cada momento hist?rico, as justificativas que se consideram apropriadas de serem usadas para encaminhar esses conflitos e o processo de constitui??o das reivindica??es. Apresentamos suas principais demandas, como condi??o para entender quem eram os trabalhadores, para quem e de quem a FETAG falava e como se procurava traduzir este encontro. No terceiro momento, arrolamos sobre o enraizamento de pr?ticas de luta da FETAG, suas modifica??es e sua intensidade nos anos 1960 e 1970. Identificamos a entrada em cena de novas for?as e as transforma??es das estrat?gias de luta de meados dos anos 70 at? o in?cio dos anos 80, atentando ainda para o di?logo com o Estado e as outras for?as que se apresentavam como opositoras ou aliadas. Foram utilizados procedimentos qualitativos de pesquisa, articulando-se a an?lise de narrativas ao estudo de refer?ncias te?ricos e documentais.

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Gachugu, David Mukii, and n/a. "Can monkeys and humans co-exist? Land-use and primate conservation : conflicts and solutions in Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.121336.

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This study is based in Tana River National Primate Reserve (TRNPR), Kenya. The reserve, established in 1976 to protect remnant patches of riverine forests from increasing human pressure is home to two endemic endangered primate subspecies, Tana River Red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) and Tana River Crested mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus). Habitat encroachment through indigenous farming and forest uses was thought to be one of the causes of drastic colobus and mangabey population decline after 1975. This study aimed at; generating information on the impact of these human land-uses on the habitat, this would facilitate the preparation of management recommendations which would improve the chances of survival of primate habitats without compromising the welfare of indigenous people. Using 3 sets of aerial photographs and a geographic information system, information on land-use changes over time has been generated. A 3 month field work generated information on agriculture, forest uses and other relevant socio-economic information. Results from the study indicate that: (i) human population has increased by more than two-folds between 1969 and 1991; (ii) this has not corresponded to a net increase in forest area decrease or farm area increase; (iii) there has been a net increase in area under forest and decrease in area under agriculture; (iv) spatial and temporal changes in forest area explain colobus population crash observed between 1975 and 1985, (v) indigenous farmers interviewed prefer a compromise, where they are allowed controlled access to land within the reserve. They showed a keen knowledge of conservation costs and benefits and cause-effect processes between humans and the environment. Management recommendations advocate measures that encourage indigenous people to be partners in conservation.

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Mushinge, Anthony Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Magel, Jacob A. [Gutachter] Zevenbergen, and Michael [Gutachter] Kirk. "Role of Land Governance in Improving Tenure Security in Zambia: Towards a Strategic Framework for Preventing Land Conflicts / Anthony Mushinge ; Gutachter: Jacob A. Zevenbergen, Michael Kirk, Holger Magel ; Betreuer: Holger Magel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142376621/34.

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Kemer, Nedim. "An assessment of natural resources management conflicts in the working landscapes of Mediterranean Turkey (Türki̇ye) Köprülü Kanyon National Park /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/38/.

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Pinheiro, Francine Damasceno. "Poder Judici?rio e Reforma Agr?ria: uma reflex?o a partir dos conflitos no Norte fluminense." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/661.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Access to the Judiciary Power by a substantial portion of the population has transformed that space into a new arena of contention, which can contribute to the expansion of democratic ideals. The choice of this arena is based upon the perceived ability to reclaim what is Fair against the letter of the Law. We join this debate through an analysis of the workings of the Judiciary Power in the implementation of Agrarian Reform, particularly with respect to the judicial conflicts surrounding the settlements of Novo Horizonte and Oziel Alves I. This work aims at the following goals: to evaluate how far the legal advances foreseen in the 1988 Constitution influenced the heightening of the local land conflicts, as well the acquisition and distribution of the land by INCRA; to explain the role of the diverse actors involved in the process of Agrarian Reform and the Judiciary Power s perception of such actors; to establish the relation between the debates over the judicialization of politics and the judicial practices regarding Agrarian Reform; to reflect upon the role of the Judiciary Power within the structure of the Brazilian State and how it can be used as an instrument for the social advancement of the working class. Our intention is to analyze such issues within the proceedings of the law suits selected for fieldwork, following Carlo Ginsburg s indicial method for the analysis of court proceedings and their content. We thus seek to examine the evidence, the signs, and decipher the social structure hidden by the economic structure of the region in question. Our hypothesis is that the judicialization of politics, particularly in the case of Agrarian Reform, has not facilitated the application of public policy. In fact it has made it more difficult for the settlement of the families, due to the emphasis on private property of the judicial interpretations, which were not able to incorporate the concept of the social function of property nor the achievement of fundamental rights through Agrarian Reform.
A possibilidade de acesso ao Judici?rio por parte de uma quantidade expressiva da popula??o vem transformando este espa?o em uma nova arena de disputa capaz de contribuir com a expans?o dos ideais democr?ticos. A escolha desta arena sustenta-se na percep??o de poder reivindicar o Justo contra Lei. Propomos a inser??o neste debate analisando a atua??o do Poder Judici?rio na efetiva??o da Reforma Agr?ria, a partir dos conflitos judiciais decorrentes da realiza??o dos assentamentos Novo Horizonte e Oziel Alves I. Dessa forma, s?o objetivos avaliar em que medida as conquistas legais previstas na Constitui??o de 1988 influenciaram no acirramento dos conflitos fundi?rios locais, bem como na aquisi??o e distribui??o de terras por parte do INCRA; explicar a atua??o dos diversos atores envolvidos na realiza??o da Reforma Agr?ria e a percep??o que tem no Poder Judici?rio sobre os mesmos; estabelecer rela??es entre o debate sobre a judicializa??o da pol?tica e as pr?ticas jur?dicas no que tange a Reforma Agr?ria; refletir sobre o papel do Poder Judici?rio dentro da estrutura do Estado brasileiro e de como ele pode ser utilizado como instrumento de efetiva??o de conquistas sociais da classe trabalhadora. Nossa pretens?o ? analisar essas pondera??es no universo dos processos indicados para o trabalho de campo, utilizando o m?todo indici?rio, proposto por Carlo Ginzburg para a an?lise das pe?as processuais e de seus conte?dos, a fim de que possamos perceber os ind?cios, os sinais e decifrar a estrutura social oculta pela estrutura econ?mica da regi?o. Nossa hip?tese ? que a judicializa??o da pol?tica e no caso da Reforma Agr?ria, n?o vem facilitando a aplica??o dessa pol?tica p?blica e sim dificultando o assentamento das fam?lias, em raz?o do car?ter privatista das interpreta??es judiciais, que n?o conseguiram absorver os conceitos da fun??o social da propriedade e da efetiva??o dos direitos fundamentais a partir da Reforma Agr?ria.

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Crestani, Leandro de Araújo. "Conflitos agrários e mercado de terras nas fronteiras do Oeste do Paraná (1843/1960)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2291.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research aims to discuss the agrarian conflicts and land market in the western region of Paraná State. Leaving the issue of land disputes at the internal borders is part of the analysis of the case study of Gleba Santa Cruz . A dispute between the Union Colonization Society D Oeste Ltda. and the State of Parana, which happened in 1954. The study of borders in this paper seeks the genesis of the same from the year 1843 and the participation of the State of Parana and colonizing companies in this process, which shaped the institutional form of the land market. Market consolidation of land in the western regions came from the Getúlio Vargas decision to integrate the border areas in the country, promoting the March to the West in order to stimulate the agricultural colonization of these territories. The new agricultural frontier, inserted in the ideals of the national economy has attracted settlers and investment that made the land being valued. Was stimulated, thus, a land market that drew upon himself the interests of economic agents and market for speculative purposes and the state, supported by groups seeking political hegemony by ensuring their economic advantages. It was used in this study primary sources, secondary literature, narratives, public and private. The methodology was understood as a way or procedure of reflection and analysis necessary for the articulation of body concept (or theory) to the actual investigation of the case study of the Gleba Santa Cruz looking at comparative analytic approach to understanding the conflicts over land in the West Paraná. Speculation, concentration and ownership of lands generated later confrontations and conflicts against the settlers, homesteaders and squatters, and used form of understanding to understand that reality, their disputes, conflict and hegemony of local and regional groups. Note that the border violence is understood as the economic process of land occupation. After cleaning the soil made by the settlers or squatters, as stated in this work comes the cleaning promoted by the company colonizing, which was carried out by thugs, gangsters, police, law, and is considered a practice of violence supported by the agencies and bureaucratic institutions of the State of Paraná. Seeing that it was an unequal struggle for land.
Esta pesquisa visa discutir os conflitos agrários e o mercado de terras na região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. Partindo da problemática dos conflitos agrários nas fronteiras internas, parte-se da análise do estudo de caso da Gleba Santa Cruz . Uma disputa entre a Sociedade Colonizadora União D Oeste Ltda. e o Estado do Paraná, que aconteceu no ano de 1954. O estudo das fronteiras neste trabalho busca a gênese do mesmo a partir do ano de 1843 e da participação do Estado do Paraná e companhias colonizadoras nesse processo, as quais moldaram a forma institucional do mercado de terras. A consolidação do mercado de terras no Oeste do Paraná aconteceu a partir da decisão de Getúlio Vargas de integrar os territórios fronteiriços no território nacional, promovendo a Marcha para o Oeste com a finalidade de estimular a colonização agrícola desses territórios. A nova fronteira agrícola, inserida no ideário do desenvolvimento da economia nacional atraiu colonos e investimentos que fizeram com que as terras fossem valorizadas. Estimulou-se, assim, um mercado de terras que atraiu sobre si os interesses de agentes econômicos com fins especulativos e mercadológicos e do Estado, sustentado por grupos que buscavam pela hegemonia política garantir as suas vantagens econômicas. Utilizou-se nessa pesquisa fontes primárias, secundárias, bibliográficas, narrativas, particulares e públicas. A metodologia foi entendida como caminho ou procedimento de reflexão e análise necessária para a articulação do corpo conceptual (ou teoria) com a realidade de investigação do estudo de caso da Gleba Santa Cruz buscando na abordagem analítico-comparativa a compreensão dos conflitos agrários no Oeste do Paraná. A especulação, concentração e apropriação de terras devolutas geraram, posteriormente, confrontos e conflitos contra os colonos, posseiros e grileiros, além de forma de entendimento utilizado para se compreender aquela realidade, suas disputas, conflitos e hegemonia de grupos locais e regionais. Nota-se que na fronteira a violência é compreendida como processo econômico de ocupação da terra. Depois da limpeza do solo feito pelos colonos ou posseiros, conforme foi referido neste trabalho surge a operação de limpeza promovida pela companhia colonizadora, a qual foi protagonizada por jagunços, pistoleiros, policiais, da lei, sendo considerada uma prática de violência apoiada nas agências e instituições burocráticas do Estado do Paraná. Vê-se que foi uma luta desigual pela posse da terra.

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Cabral, Ana Cristina Bochnia. "Os Guarani: o tempo das andanças acabou? Conflitos entre ficar e partir." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2035.

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Fundação Araucária
For the Guarani in the western region of Paraná, the land is historically related to the sacred, having in itself an own meaning of its people. It is an area of free movement, where the Indians exercise their cultural practices and beliefs, producing their culture and making reference to their symbolic world. The land is one of the elements that constitute the identity of the group, being, therefore a factor that characterizes its cultural diversity. With the onset of the recent colonization and its principles of ownership and exploitation of the territory, these people were denaturalized in the name of Christian faith and civilization. The problem of territory and especially the identity of these people worsened from the time understood as the border definition. Today, the land conflicts generated between the Guarani and the settlers in the border region of West of Paraná oppose possession of the territory traditionally occupied to the newly colonized one. This work, product of an ethnographic survey in the Tekohá Y'Hovy village, located in the city of Guaíra, Paraná, Brazil, seeks to demonstrate the relationship that the Guarani have with the land, a territory without demarcation. One of the striking features of this indigenous group is their mobility. This study aims to examining how they have worked the issue of displacement in times where settling becomes the best option, or even the only possible one.
Para os Guarani da região oeste do Paraná a terra está historicamente relacionada com o sagrado, tendo em si um significado próprio de seu povo. Ela é um espaço de livre circulação, onde o índio exercita suas práticas culturais e suas crenças, produzindo a sua cultura e referenciando seu mundo simbólico. A terra é um dos elementos que constituem a identidade do grupo, sendo, portanto, um fator que caracteriza sua diversidade cultural. Com o início da colonização recente e seus princípios de apropriação e exploração do território, esses povos foram desnaturalizados em nome de uma fé cristã e do processo civilizatório. A problemática do território e, sobretudo da identidade desses povos agravou-se a partir do período entendido como o da definição das fronteiras. Hoje os conflitos de terra gerados entre os Guarani e os colonos na região fronteiriça do Oeste do Paraná contrapõem a posse do território tradicionalmente ocupado ao de recentemente colonizado. Esse trabalho, produto de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada junto à aldeia Tekohá Y Hovy, localizada no município de Guaíra, Paraná, Brasil, busca demonstrar a relação que os indígenas Guarani estabelecem com a terra, num território sem demarcação. Uma das características marcantes desse grupo indígena é a sua mobilidade. Este estudo pretende analisar a forma como eles têm trabalhado a questão dos deslocamentos em tempos onde estabelecer-se se torna a melhor opção, ou até a única opção possível.

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Freitas, Andreza Rocha de. "A REPERCUSSÃO DA LEGISLAÇÃO NA DINÂMICA DO USO DA TERRA NA BACIA DO RIO CARÁ-CARÁ, PONTA GROSSA – PR, NO PERÍODO DE 1980 A 2007." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2008. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/500.

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The human ownership of area causes transformations. To what such transformations causes the least possible impact strategies are necessary to soften down changes anthropic, that can be accompanied and identified by means of land use, of delineation of areas of environmental conflicts and the identification of areas that suffered more changes in their natural characteristics. These studies do part of environmental planning, because offer information necessary to development of strategies and shares to ease the impacts caused at anthropic interference. To do so is necessary to establish environmental units from their morphological features that feasibly area of search, as, for example, the hydrographic basin, which are a natural system delimited in space. The hydrographic basin in study is the Cará-Cará River, located in the southeastern municipal district of Ponta Grossa - PR. The general objective of this work was examine the dynamics of occupation of the land use in aforesaid basin, between the years 1980 and 2007, and the repercussion of laws in force in the land use. To that end, it was necessary to search and draw up maps of relevant legislation, of slope and land use that, through SPRING 4.3.3, were overlay until they reach to maps synthesis of conflicts land use. To facilitate the identification of areas that most suffered the influence anthropic were elaborated letters of hemeroby. It was found that the category of land use that more increased in the period studied was the urbanized (121.83%) and the category reforestation decreased by 30.69%. As for conflicts environmental land use, 21.05% of the area of the basin is in conflict (areas over-used and underused). Through the maps of hemeroby, it was found that the areas ahemeorobe (landscapes with little or no human interference) decreased by 24.51% and category oligohemeorobe (landscapes more natural than artificial) is the predominant in the basin with 41.94%. It was concluded that the changes in the basin Cará-Cará River were motivated by guidelines established in the Plans Directors of Ponta Grossa of 1967, 1992 and 2006. This work is an allowance for future studies, planning and projects to be undertaken by the public agency responsible.
A apropriação humana do espaço gera transformações. Para que tais transformações causem o menor impacto possível são necessárias estratégias que amenizem as alterações antrópicas, que podem ser acompanhadas e identificadas por meio do levantamento do uso da terra, da delimitação das áreas de conflitos ambientais e da identificação das áreas que mais sofreram modificações em suas características naturais. Estes estudos fazem parte do planejamento ambiental, pois oferecem informações necessárias ao desenvolvimento de estratégias e ações para amenizar os impactos causados pela interferência antrópica. Para tanto é necessário estabelecer unidades ambientais a partir de suas características morfológicas que viabilizem o espaço da pesquisa, como, por exemplo, a bacia hidrográfica, que constitui um sistema natural delimitado no espaço. A bacia hidrográfica em estudo é a do Rio Cará-Cará, localizada na região sudeste do município de Ponta Grossa –PR. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica de ocupação de uso da terra na referida bacia, entre os anos de 1980 e 2007, e a repercussão da legislação em vigor no uso da terra. Para tanto, foi necessário levantar e elaborar mapas da legislação pertinente, de declividade e de uso da terra que, por meio do software SPRING 4.3.3, foram sobrepostos até se chegar aos mapas sínteses de conflitos de uso da terra. Para facilitar a identificação das áreas que mais sofreram a influência antrópica foram elaboradas cartas de hemerobia. Verificou-se que a classe de uso da terra que mais aumentou no período estudado foi a urbanizada (121,83%) e a classe reflorestamento diminuiu 30,69%. Quanto aos conflitos ambientais de uso da terra, 21,05% da área da bacia encontra-se em conflito (áreas sobre-utilizada e subutilizada). Por meio dos mapas de hemerobia, constatou-se que as áreas ahemeorobias (paisagens com pouca ou nenhuma interferência antrópica) diminuíram 24,51% e a classe oligohemeorobio (paisagens mais naturais do que artificiais) é a predominante na bacia com 41,94%. Pôde-se concluir que as alterações ocorridas na bacia do rio Cará-Cará foram motivadas por diretrizes estabelecidas nos Planos Diretores de Ponta Grossa de 1967, 1992 e 2006. O presente trabalho constitui-se em subsídio para estudos futuros de planejamento e projetos a serem realizados pelo órgão público competente.

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Alves, Chintamani Santana. "Tramas da terra: conflitos no campo na terra de Lucas, 1900-1920." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/197.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This work has as its goal study the conflicts in the countryside, specially the fight involving ownership and propety of land and its individuals in the initial two decades of the 20th century, in Feira de Santana. We used as sources the local newspapers and mainly the processes of damage crime. Our approach was built in dialog with theoric and methodologic questions by E.P. Thompson in Whigs and Hunters, for whom the Law can be understod as a fighting arena, where the law can be seem as a way by which other social conflicts take place. So, we seek to present some delimitations and specifications in research territory, delineate the social and ethinic profile of countryside dwellers; debate family and work relationships,; point what was produced in the countrisde; investigate the existence of tension in the day-by-day life of this individuals marked by the conflicts of notions of common use and private apropriation. We identified the existence of different conceptions of right to the land that pervade the juridical partners, one based in the "soft and pacific" posse and other in the evidential right. We examinate how from the querell the complicated social relations detaches and how they constituted communitary life, being part of the conflicts themselves, specially the fight for land. By examining the countryside and their individuals we advanced into a little explored territory, the researches about Feira de Santana in this phase being more intensely dedicated to the urban part.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar os conflitos no campo, em especial a luta em torno da posse e propriedade da terra e seus sujeitos nas duas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XX, em Feira de Santana. Utilizamos como fontes os jornais locais e principalmente os processos crime dano. Nossa abordagem foi constru?da em di?logo com as quest?es te?ricas e metodol?gicas pautadas por E. P. Thompson em Senhores e Ca?adores, para quem o direito pode ser compreendido como uma arena de luta, onde a lei pode ser vista como o meio por onde outros conflitos sociais t?m se travado. Deste modo, procuramos apresentar algumas delimita??es e especifica??es do territ?rio da pesquisa, tra?ar o perfil social e ?tnico dos moradores do campo; discutimos as rela??es familiares e de trabalho; apontamos o que era produzido no campo; investigamos a exist?ncias de tens?es no cotidiano desses sujeitos marcados pelos conflitos entre no??es de uso comum e tentativas de apropria??o privada. Identificamos a exist?ncia de diferentes concep??es sobre o direito ? terra que perpassam as pe?as jur?dicas, uma baseada na posse ?mansa e pacifica? e outra no t?tulo comprobat?rio. Examinamos como a partir das querelas se desprendem intricadas rela??es sociais e como estas constitu?am a vida nas comunidades, foram parte importante dos pr?prios conflitos, em especial da luta pela terra. Ao nos debru?armos sobre o campo e seus sujeitos avan?amos por um territ?rio pouco explorado, as pesquisas sobre Feira de Santana neste per?odo dedicaram maior aten??o ao per?metro urbano.

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Xu, Shaowei Steve, and 許韶偉. "People and park conflicts in China: an observation from Shimentai nature reserve in Yingde, Guangdong Province." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B25058964.

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Burneo, María Luisa, and Ortiz de Zevallos Anahí Chaparro. "Power, peasant communities and mining industry: community government and access to resources in Michiquillay’s case." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78810.

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Este artículo analiza los cambios en el gobierno comunal en contextosde negociación minera. Nos centramos en tres temas: el roldel gobierno comunal en la regulación de los recursos comunalesy del territorio; la diversidad de intereses que surgen ante la presenciaminera, y la comunidad como institución política frente a lapresión externa sobre la tierra. Para ello, partimos de un estudiode caso: el proceso de negociación entre la comunidad campesinade Michiquillay y la empresa Anglo American, en Cajamarca, querealizamos a partir de un trabajo de campo en la comunidad. Delanálisis se desprende que las transformaciones en la regulación delos recursos comunales, sus usos y su valoración, así como el cambioen el peso de los actores económicos y políticos, han complejizadolas relaciones al interior de la comunidad y han creado nuevosniveles de toma de decisión y espacios de disputa por el controlde recursos. Al mismo tiempo que surgen nuevos conflictos intracomunalesy aumenta la fragmentación territorial, la comunidad como institución está jugando un rol central en la negociación yasumiendo nuevas funciones: ahora, el gobierno comunal no regulasolo el acceso a recursos productivos, sino también la distribucióndel capital financiero.
This paper analyzes changes in community governance in the contextof negotiations with a mining company. We focus on three issues:the role played by the community government on the regulation ofcommunity resources and territory, the diverse and complex intereststhat emerge in the presence of mining activity; and, the communityas a political institution confronting external pressures over its land.We develop a study case focusing on the negotiation process betweenthe Michiquillay peasant community and Anglo American MiningCompany in Cajamarca, Peru. This information was obtained doingfieldwork in the community in 2009. In our analysis we observe thatchanges on community resources regulation, its uses and valorization,as well as changes on the balance of power between economicand political actors, have created a greater level of complexity in thecommunity, creating new levels of community decision and spaces fordisputing resources’ control. At the same time, new inter communalconflicts emerge and fragmentation of community lands increases.In this context the community as an institution plays a central rolein the negotiation process over access productive resource and thedistribution of financial capital.

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Andrade, Tania Marcia Oliveira de. "MediaÃÃo e Conflitos em Espiral: Encontros e Desencontros do Estado e dos Movimentos Sociais no Pontal do Paranapanema." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3443.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Este trabalho trata de conflitos coletivos rurais e de acordos construÃdos para sua pacificaÃÃo em um processo de mediaÃÃo estatal. Inicia pela histÃria de 150 anos de fraudes e grilagem no Pontal do Paranapanema, acompanhando a transformaÃÃo da luta de resistÃncia dos posseiros em grandes ocupaÃÃes de terra lideradas pelo Movimento Sem Terra (MST), num conflito coletivo de grandes proporÃÃes que ganhou as manchetes nacionais e internacionais em 1995. A partir daÃ, traÃa um perfil histÃrico dos principais atores sociais envolvidos â sem-terra, fazendeiros e Estado â e resgata as circunstÃncias que culminaram na elaboraÃÃo de um Plano de AÃÃo Governamental, construÃdo a partir de propostas negociadas entre esses trÃs atores, que incluÃa a retomada pelo Estado das terras devolutas estaduais em poder dos fazendeiros e o assentamento gradual das famÃlias acampadas. Esse Plano de AÃÃo que se pretendia pacificador deu inÃcio a uma espiral de conflitos e acordos que parecia tendente ao infinito. Num esforÃo de compreensÃo desse processo, a nova forma de aÃÃo estatal, iniciada com a experiÃncia de execuÃÃo do Plano, e as dinÃmicas sociais daÃ resultantes foram minuciosamente reconstruÃdas com recurso Ãs falas dos atores e imagens que retratam os principais episÃdios. A narrativa prossegue atÃ o ano de 1996, quando as primeiras mil famÃlias envolvidas naqueles conflitos comeÃam a ser assentadas em lotes definitivos e a situaÃÃo ganha ares de normalidade. O Plano de AÃÃo enfim cumpria seus objetivos de pacificaÃÃo. Ao final, o trabalho analisa os vÃrios planos em que esses conflitos se desenvolveram, com fatores relacionados simultaneamente a questÃes pessoais ou coletivas; aos aspectos de honra, prestÃgio e carisma; aos aspectos de poder econÃmico e polÃtico; aos valores e cÃdigos morais compartilhados nos grupos sociais; e aos jogos de cenas e espetÃculos voltados ao pÃblico externo, em que a imprensa exercia papel fundamental. Analisa tambÃm a aÃÃo de mediaÃÃo estatal desenvolvida, as prÃticas dos mediadores e os dilemas relacionados Ã dualidade do agente estatal na condiÃÃo de mediador-executor dos acordos referentes ao Plano de AÃÃo. Em conclusÃo, o trabalho apresenta algumas reflexÃes sobre as condiÃÃes de possibilidade de uma prÃtica estatal de mediaÃÃo de conflitos no Brasil.
Rural collective conflicts and agreements conceived to its pacification within a process of state mediation is the subject of the present work. It is introduced by the history of 150 years of frauds and illegal land appropriation in Pontal do Paranapanema, follows the landholders struggle of resistance transformation into huge land occupation process led by Movimento Sem-Terra (MST), within a collective conflict of great proportions, registered in national and international headlines in the 1995 news. Then, it traces a historical profile of the central social actors in field â landless workers, farmers and State agents â and rescues the circumstances that led to the construction of a Plan for Government Action, based on negotiated proposals among these three actors, which included the reclaiming of those land due to the State that were under the farmers possession, and the gradual settlement of the camped families. That Plan, intended to be peacemaker, started a spiral of conflicts and agreements that seemed to stretch till infinite. In the effort to understand this process, the new way of state action, initiated with the execution of that plan, and the resulting social dynamics, were reconstructed in its minor details, by the actors speeches and images that pictured the main episodes. The narrative goes on until the year of 1996, when the first thousand families that took place in those conflicts are definitively settled in rural settlement and the situation turns to normality. The Plan of Action fulfilled its objectives of pacification, at last. In the final part, the work analyses the several plans in which these conflicts were developed, with simultaneous factors related to personal and collective issues; to honor, prestige and charisma aspects; to economic and politic power aspects; to beliefs and moral codes shared by the social groups; and to the showing off and scenes directed to external public, when press acted key rule. It also analyses the action developed by state in mediation, the mediatorsâ practices and the dilemmas related to the duality of the state agent in the dual rule of mediator-executor of the agreements originated by the plan. In conclusion, the work presents some reflections about the conditions of possibility for a state practice in mediation on conflicts in Brazil.

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Nguyen, Leroy Marie-Lan. "Les enjeux du foncier au Vietnam à travers la nouvelle réforme de 2014." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020064.

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Ces dernières années, les questions foncières constituent au Vietnam le premier sujet de saisine des juridictions étatiques. Entre expropriations abusives, opacités des attributions foncières et ententes avec le secteur privé, de vives contestations se sont élevées autour des modalités de gestion de la terre.C'est dans ce contexte qu'une nouvelle loi foncière entre en vigueur en juillet 2014. Cette réforme vise à créer les conditions d'une conciliation entre deux objectifs qui peuvent apparaître a priori contradictoires : apaiser les tensions liées à la terre, tout en intensifiant l'exploitation de la ressource foncière afin d'atteindre l'objectif d'industrialisation du pays à l’horizon 2020, tel que défini par le Parti Communiste Vietnamien.Pour autant, le véritable enjeu de la nouvelle loi n’est pas d’ordre juridique, mais politique. Les tensions foncières sont aujourd’hui d’une telle ampleur que l’absence de réaction de la classe dirigeante correspondrait à un aveu d’échec dans sa mission de gérer le foncier au nom du peuple. Toutefois, l’intervention de l’Assemblée nationale ne s’est pas manifestée à travers une nouvelle règlementation plus rigoureuse de la gestion foncière. La réponse donnée par les pouvoirs publics est celui de l’autorégulation des acteurs du foncier
In recent years, land issues in Vietnam are the main subject of complaints received by state institutions. Between abusive expropriation, vagueness of land allocation and agreement with the private sector, wide spread protests have arisen around land management procedures.In this context, a new land reform came into force in July 2014. This law aims to reconcile multiple objectives that may appear a priori contradictory: to ease tensions related to land, while intensifying the exploitation of land resources to achieve the goal of becoming an industrialized nation by 2020, as declared by the Vietnamese Communist Party.However, the real issue of the new law is not legal, but political. Land tensions today are of such magnitude that the lack of response by the ruling class would correspond to an admission of failure in its mission to manage land resources. The National Assembly’s intervention did not take a form of a more stringent regulation of land management. The response given by the authorities is the self-regulation of land stakeholders

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Harich, Franziska K. [Verfasser], and Anna [Akademischer Betreuer] Treydte. "Conflicts of human land-use and conservation areas : the case of Asian elephants in rubber-dominated landscapes of Southeast Asia / Franziska K. Harich ; Betreuer: Anna Treydte." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139048333/34.

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46

Neto, Joaquim de Britto Costa. "A questão fundiária nos parques e estações ecológicas do Estado de São Paulo: origens e efeitos da indisciplina da documentação e do registro imobiliário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16131/tde-30012007-124417/.

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Esta tese discute a questão fundiária nos Parques e Estações Ecológicas do Estado de São Paulo, demonstrando que a indisciplina da documentação e do registro da propriedade imobiliária constitui o principal limite à implantação dessas unidades de conservação (UCs). Inicia-se com a apresentação dos resultados obtidos pelo governo na regularização fundiária dessas unidades durante o século XX. Na seqüência, é feita uma pesquisa sobre as origens da indisciplina existente na documentação e no registro da propriedade imobiliária no Brasil, considerando três períodos: o de concessão de sesmarias até 1822; o de formulação e implementação da Lei de Terras de 1850; e o republicano. A pesquisa identificou cadeias paralelas do registro da propriedade imobiliária e momentos da ocupação do território em que essa indisciplina representou limites às políticas sociais e ambientais, evidenciando o fato de que a mesma é funcional, há séculos, para a permanência da relação desequilibrada entre o desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental. Os estudos de casos apresentam os conflitos fundiários que provocaram a devastação das Reservas Florestais do Pontal do Paranapanema e, nas unidades da Serra do Mar e litoral paulista, o uso de documentos irregulares para realização de ações ilegais e reivindicação de indenizações milionárias do poder público. A análise dos resultados alcançados no Estado demonstrou que, quando os governos iniciaram a regularização das UCs, obtiveram avanços, de difícil consolidação devido à interrupção dos trabalhos por longos períodos, com a desarticulação e desestruturação dos órgãos envolvidos. O trabalho apresenta recomendações para uma política de regularização fundiária, visando à consolidação de uma rede de unidades de conservação públicas.
This thesis discusses the land titling issue regarding Sao Paulo State parks and ecological stations to show that lack of discipline in land documentation and registry is the main restriction to the establishment of these protected areas (PAs). The starting point is an outline of results obtained by the government in its efforts to regularize titling of these areas in the 20th century. Next, this paper shows the findings of research conducted on the origins of indiscipline in land documentation and registration in Brazil considering three periods: from the granting of land (sesmarias) until 1822; the period of formulation and implementation of the Land Law of 1850; and the Republican period. The research identified parallel land registration chains, and moments in the occupation of territory in which such indiscipline posed limits to social and environmental policies, showing that for centuries it has been functional for the permanence of unbalances in the economic, social and environmental development. Case studies show land conflicts that resulted in the devastation of forest reserves at Pontal do Paranapanema, and the use of irregular documents in areas on Serra do Mar and on the coast to file illegal suits and claim millionaire compensations from the government. The study of outcomes obtained in the State of Sao Paulo shows that when governments started a process of protected areas regularization, progress was very slow due to interruptions for long periods as a result of discontinuities in the agencies involved. The paper also presents recommendations for land titling policy aiming consolidation of a system of public protected areas.

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Wehrmann, Babette. "Landkonflikte im urbanen und peri-urbanen Raum von Grossstädten in Entwicklungsländern : mit Beispielen aus Accra und Phnom Penh = Urban and peri-urban land conflicts in developing countries /." Münster : LIT, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014708568&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Moraes, Vanessa Lugin. "Uso do solo e conservação ambiental no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe e entorno (RS)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/23706.

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A Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul abriga um mosaico de paisagens composto por cordões de dunas, áreas úmidas, campos litorâneos e um complexo de lagoas e lagunas costeiras, que dividem esse espaço com sistemas agrícolas e ocupações humanas. Localizado entre os municípios de Tavares e Mostardas, na estreita faixa de terra entre a Laguna dos Patos e o Oceano Atlântico, está o Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe. O Parque foi criado em 1986 com o objetivo principal de proteger os ecossistemas costeiros e inúmeras espécies animais, particularmente as aves costeiras e aquáticas, que encontram na região o local para alimentação, nidificação e descanso. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a relação entre as práticas de uso das terras na região do Parque e os objetivos de conservação apontados na legislação ambiental brasileira. Para tanto, foi elaborado um mapa de uso e cobertura do solo, abrangendo uma área total de 154.720,6 hectares, gerando nove classes de uso. No interior do Parque a classe de dunas é predominante, correspondendo a 45,01% da área da unidade de conservação, seguida da classe de banhados que representa 17,34%. No entorno a classe de campos representa 41,29%, seguida da rizicultura que representa 20,06%. As informações obtidas no mapeamento foram combinadas com os dados de levantamentos de campo, possibilitando a identificação dos conflitos ambientais. A silvicultura é apontada atividade de impacto significativo sobre a paisagem e os ecossistemas da região, ameaçando a integridade da vegetação nativa no interior do Parque e em suas áreas adjacentes. A pecuária e a ocupação humana desordenada também se configuram como ameaças diretas ao parque. Contudo, a resolução dos conflitos de uso esbarra na situação fundiária da unidade de conservação, que tem menos de 10% de sua área regularizada. A representação da situação atual da região possibilitou verificar o desacordo entre as atividades antrópicas e os objetivos de conservação ambiental, sendo imprescindível garantir a manutenção dos sistemas ambientais, assegurando a sustentação das atividades agropecuárias que são a base da economia da região. Nesse sentido, as estratégias de conservação apontadas para a região da Lagoa do Peixe, como a indicação das áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade do bioma pampa e a consolidação dos sítios Ramsar, são fundamentais para o planejamento ambiental efetivo e adequação das formas de uso da terra.
The Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul is home to a mosaic landscape composed of ridges of dunes, wetlands, coastal fields and a complex of lagoons and coastal lagoons, which share space with farming systems and human occupation. Located between the cities of Tavares and Mostardas, the narrow strip of land between the Patos Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean, is the Lagoa do Peixe National Park. The Park was created in 1986 with the main objective to protect coastal ecosystems and numerous animal species, particularly shorebirds and waterfowl, which are in the local area for feeding, nesting and resting. This study evaluates the relationship between the practices of land use in the park and conservation objectives aimed at the Brazilian environmental legislation. The work was prepared a map for use and land cover, covering a total area of 154,720.6 ha, generating nine classes of use. Inside the park the class of dunes is predominant, accounting for 45.01% of the area of the park, then the class of wetlands that is 17.34%. In the surrounding fields of the class is 41.29%, followed by rice culture that is 20.06%. Information obtained in the mapping were combined with data from field surveys, enabling the identification of environmental conflicts. Forestry is identified as the activity with the greatest impact on the landscape and ecosystems of the region, threatening the integrity of native vegetation within the park and the adjacent areas. Cattle and disordered human occupation also stand as direct threats to the park. However, the conflict of use runs into the agrarian situation of the national park, which has less than 10% of its regularized. The representation of the current situation in the region enabled us to verify the disagreement between human activities and the goals of environmental conservation and is essential to ensure the maintenance of environmental systems, ensuring the support of agricultural activities that underlie the region's economy. In this sense, conservation strategies aimed at the region of Lagoa do Peixe, as an indication of the priority areas for biodiversity conservation of the Brazilian pampas and the consolidation of Ramsar sites are essential for effective environmental planning and adequacy of the uses of land.

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Magsi, Habibullah. "Les conflits d’usages dans les pays en voie de développement : stratégies de résolution et de prévention pour assurer la croissance économique et le bien-être humain. Le cas du barrage de Chotiari au Pakistan." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0027/document.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'analyse des outils et méthodes de prévention et de pilotage des conflits d'usage dans les pays en voie de développement, et plus particulièrement à l'étude des conflits liés à l'installation de nouvelles infrastructures, qui ont provoqué l'expropriation d'habitations et d'exploitations agricoles ainsi que la disparition de nombreuses ressources productives dans les espaces ruraux. L'étude se fonde sur le cas du barrage de Chotiari, au Pakistan, avec une analyse de l'impact du projet sur les ressources naturelles et socio-économiques de la région, ainsi que des racines de ce conflit. Une attention particulière est accordée au réseau d'acteurs utilisateurs de l'espace, ainsi qu'à la violation des droits de propriété, qui a provoqué des asymétries de pouvoir et conduit à la montée des conflits d'usage de l'espace. Notre recherche montre que les conflits résultant du lancement de ce projet résultent de causes structurelles (tels que des décisions unilatérales, l'absence d'études et d'expertises scientifiques et techniques, la corruption, l'importance d'intérêt internationaux et l'absence de politique nationale d'intégration) comme de facteurs plus locaux (comme le népotisme, la diversité ethnique et l'illettrisme). Par ailleurs, les déplacements forcés de populations locales ont conduit à une multiplication des oppositions et des confrontations. Pour finir nous tirons de ces résultats un certain nombre de recommandations en termes de prévention et de pilotage des conflits, fondées sur la mobilisation des relations de proximité
This research discusses the tools of land use conflict analysis and methods for their prevention and management, on the basis of existing conflicts created by infrastructural projects in developing countries. Such conflicts have entailed expropriation of homes, farm businesses and other productive resources in rural settings. Specifically, we use data from the case of Chotiari water reservoir project in Pakistan, where we put stress on project impacts on socio-economic and natural resource values in the region, by highlighting root causes of the conflicts with response to land use decision. We also paid attention on the network of actors over land use and property right violation, which have created dissimilar power distribution and significant land use conflicts. Through this research we show that conflicts created by the project have resulted from structural factors (unilateral decision, lack of technical and scientific investigation, corruption, international interest, and non-existence of national resettlement policy) and proximate factors (nepotism, ethnic diversity/disarray, and illiteracy). Moreover, forceful displacement of local population has led for multiplication of the confrontations. From these results, we provide helpful insights and information for the recommendations in terms of land use conflict prevention and management, mainly based on proximity relations analysis

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Ngiye, Érasme. "La filière palmier à huile au Burundi : acteurs et territoires." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20140/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la filière palmier à huile au Burundi. Son enjeu principal est d’analyser la manière dont cette culture construit son territoire. Elle étudie les acteurs de la filière palmier à huile, leurs stratégies et la manière dont ils sont organisés ainsi que l’espace territorialisée par cette filière. La filière palmier à huile au Burundi a connu deux importants modes de cultures. Le mode de culture traditionnelle dominé par l’ancienne variété « dura », il était caractérisé par la polyculture extensive. Entre des palmiers espacés, la culture du vivrier était possible. Le deuxième mode de culture concerne la monoculture du palmier à huile qui est uniquement destinée à produire de l’huile de palme. Il consiste à la culture de la nouvelle variété « tenera » jugée plus productive que l’ancienne variété. La transition de l’ancien au nouveau mode d’exploitation agricole ne s’est pas faite sans conséquences sur les modes de vie des paysans des principales zones palméicoles burundaises (Rumonge et Nyanza-Lac). L’installation de la nouvelle variété « tenera » à Rumonge et à Nyanza lac a certes, généré une véritable agriculture marchande, mais elle s’est faite au détriment d’autres cultures vivrières. Dans ce travail nous montrons les bouleversements socio-économiques que la culture a engendrés sur les modes de vie des paysans, notamment l’exacerbation des conflits fonciers. La culture du palmier à huile ne cesse de s’étendre sur d’autres régions du pays. Par une analyse historique, nous montrons comment la construction du territoire du palmier à huile s’est faite autour des acteurs qui n’ont ni les mêmes moyens financiers ni les mêmes objectifs. Les modes d’organisation et les stratégies varient en fonction de chaque groupe d’acteurs et de son capital financier initial. La faible organisation de petits palméiculteurs observée à l’Imbo-sud n’augure pas un bon avenir pour eux. Enfin, l’étude montre comment les détenteurs de capitaux accèdent à la filière palmier à huile en passant par la simple location de terres de pauvres paysans
This thesis focuses on the study of the palm oil chain in Burundi. Its main aim is to analyze how this culture constructs its territory. It studies palm’s actors, their strategies and the way they are organized and the territorialized space by this chain. The palm oil chain in Burundi has experienced two important modes of cultures. The traditional method of farming dominated by the old variety "dura" and was characterized by extensive polyculture. Between spaced palms, food crops growing were possible. The second concerns the method of cultivation of monoculture oil palm which is only intended to produce palm oil. It involves cultivation of the new variety "tenera" considered more productive than the old variety. The transition from the old to the new farming method did not without consequences on the livelihoods of farmers in major palmicole areas Burundi (Rumonge and Nyanza-Lac). The installation of the new variety "tenera" in Rumonge and Nyanza Lac, respectively entrusted to the Regional Development Company Rumonge and Nyanza Lake project has certainly generated a real commercial agriculture, but it was at the expense of other food crops. In this work we show the socio-economic upheavals that culture has generated the lifestyles of farmers, for example the exacerbation of land conflicts. The cultivation of oil palm continues to expand into other regions. Through a historic analysis of the construction of oil palm land, we show how the construction of the oil palm area is about actors who do not have the same financial means nor the same objectives. The modes of organization and strategies vary according to each stakeholder group and initial financial capital. The weak organization of small producers of oil palm observed in Imbo area does not augur a good future for them. For lack of means, are forced to sell their farms to wealthy people. Finally, the study shows how capital holders access to the palm oil chain through the lease of land from poor peasants

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Land conflicts'

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