Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land designated for building

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Land designated for building'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Land designated for building"

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Caggiano, Michael D., Todd J. Hawbaker, Benjamin M. Gannon, and Chad M. Hoffman. "Building Loss in WUI Disasters: Evaluating the Core Components of the Wildland–Urban Interface Definition." Fire 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3040073.

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Accurate maps of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) are critical for the development of effective land management policies, conducting risk assessments, and the mitigation of wildfire risk. Most WUI maps identify areas at risk from wildfire by overlaying coarse-scale housing data with land cover or vegetation data. However, it is unclear how well the current WUI mapping methods capture the patterns of building loss. We quantified the building loss in WUI disasters, and then compared how well census-based and point-based WUI maps captured the building loss. We examined the building loss in both WUI and non-WUI land-use types, and in relation to the core components of the United States Federal Register WUI definition: housing density, vegetation cover, and proximity to large patches of wildland vegetation. We used building location data from 70 large fires in the conterminous United States, which cumulatively destroyed 54,000 buildings from 2000 through to 2018. We found that: (1) 86% and 97% of the building loss occurred in areas designated as WUI using the census-based and point-based methods, respectively; (2) 95% and 100% of all of the losses occurred within 100 m and 850 m of wildland vegetation, respectively; and (3) WUI components were the most predictive of building loss when measured at fine scales.
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Ripenko, A. I., and A. A. Kolosiuk. "RESEARCHES CONCERNING CONFORMITY OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION ON THE DETERMINATION (RENEWAL) OF LAND PLOTS BOUNDARIES OF HOMESTEAD BUILDINGS IN CITIES: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.36.

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The paper considers the problems of insufficient methodical support of forensic examination within the limits of a speciality 10.20 «Researches of land planning issues» concerning conformity of the technical documentation on the determination (renewal) of land plots boundaries of homestead buildings in the cities. The thought of authors concerning expediency of working out techniques and methodical recommendations taking into account legislative and normative acts being in force in Ukraine for that time, is substantiated, and organizational features of legal regulation of lands under homestead buildings of cities in view of basic functions of such territories for their constant development and creation of appropriate conditions for residing of inhabitants are marked. The attention that the legal regime of using such lands needs complements concerning necessity of their operation according to the rules of territory beautification of a populated locality and other documentation concerning beautification issues, is paid. The idea on expediency of the Land Code of Ukraine amendments, in particular in its provisions concerning the use of inhabited and public land buildings in the limits ofpopulated localities taking into account the rules of territory beautification, is spoken out. The authors focus attention on the requirements to regulate the use of inhabited and public land buildings not only in the land legislation but also in the legislative acts which regulate a question of inhabited and public buildings territory beautification. Thus, for appropriate carrying out forensic examination on speciality 10.20 it’s necessary to develop methodical support both by adopting corresponding acts of land and city building legislation, standards, norms and rules of drawing up a technical documentation on the determination (renewal) of land plots boundaries in nature (on terrain) and by creation of the scientifically grounded techniques and methodical recommendations on the designated subjects.
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Taima, Masahiro, Yasushi Asami, and Kimihiro Hino. "Estimation of building shape by block size." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-360-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>
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Ramadhan, Try, Heru Wibowo, Rahy R. Soekardi, and Dianna Astrid Hertoety. "IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT IN MOSQUE DESIGN : A FACE AND ISLAMIC DA’WAH." Indonesian Journal of Built Environmental and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ijobes.v1i1.250.

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ABSTRACT : Mosque as a means of worship is very important for Indonesian people who are Muslim majority. Mosques in Indonesia have been numerous and will continue to grow. Environmental issues due to the many building developments have become a global concern today, from the limited natural resources, global warming, climate change, Urban Heat Island (UHI) to its impact on the comfort and health of people. The concept of green architecture has been used to minimize environmental damage from buildings. This design-based research will implement green architecture approach in the mosque design in the context of a particular location to identify problems, possible applications and potential development. The designated location is in the eastern area of Bandung, city gates that has fairly dense place of settlement and transportation.The results showed that green architecture approach with neighborhood perspective criteria can be applied, especially with large scale mosque such as the case. The approach is more holistic and relates to the type of communal building. Criterias such as (1)land ecological enchancement; (2)circulation, movement and connectivity; (3)water management and conservation (4)solid waste and material; (5)community wellbeing strategy; and (6)building and energy, can be applied by combining with various design ideas and responses of site problems. Keywords : Mosque, green architecture, research-based design
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Purwanto, Bayu, and Anang Wahyu Sejati. "VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (VGI) APPLICATION FOR MONITORING LAND USE VIOLATION CASE STUDY: CIGANJUR FLOOD." Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, no. 3 (June 6, 2021): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i3.244.

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Land in DKI Jakarta has problems in land use. Many land-use does not comply with planning. Illegal buildings are often found in areas designated for green open space and river boundaries. Land use monitoring requires the role of information technology. This research uses an open-source-based application to develop easier and cheaper. The application consists of a smartphone-based application for the process of reporting land-use violations with the concept of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The application can directly analyze verified data with spatial planning. The analysis uses overlay analysis to see the location and extent of violations in land use. The results of the analysis can be used as a basis for local governments to impose punishment on illegal buildings and to plan for future cities.
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Milewska, Anna. "SPATIAL DIVERSITY OF INCOMES FROM FOREST TAX IN RURAL COMMUNES IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7924.

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The article presents the results of research on the spatial diversity of incomes from forest tax. The analysis covered the amount of forest tax in the budgets of rural communes and their share in total revenues. Based on the conducted research it was found that the dynamics of changes related to this phenomenon is not significant. This applies to forest tax as income, as well as its amount determined by the occurrence in rural areas, land qualified in the register of lands and buildings as forests – Ls. After Poland’s accession to the EU structures, the number of hectares of land designated for afforestation is characterized by an upward trend. This does not mean, however, that the tax base is increasing. Forest land with trees to 40 years are taxable but are exempt, which means a lack of tax revenues to the budget.
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Wijaya, Karto, Amat Rahmat, and Fani Sukma Amalia. "IDENTIFICATION BUILDINGS FUNCTION OF CENTRAL T-SHIRT INDUSTRY IN SURAPATI STREET CORRIDOR, BANDUNG CITY." Indonesian Journal of Built Environmental and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ijobes.v1i1.248.

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ABSTRACT : Population growth in the city of Bandung is increasing so that the laha needs especially commercial activities are also increasing both in the city center to the suburbs including Cibeunying Kaler District, Bandung City. The development of this commercial activity also occurs along the Surapati road corridor, especially those in Cibeunying Kaler District. Surapati road corridor is designated as a holy shirt tourism area with the existence of outlets as the main activity. The existence of this corridor also has various supporting activities such as economic/trade, social, health, worship, education and government building activities. With a variety of activities in it, so that it can lead to changes in residential functions into commercial buildings, such as changes in land use from settlements to an outlet area for t-shirts, trade and services for trade and service activities following market guidelines. This study aims to identify the functions of trade buildings along the Surapati road corridor in Bandung City. By using a qualitative descriptive method to determine the effect of any factors that influence changes in function in the corridor of Bandung city, Surapati. While the factors that influence the change are social factors, economic factors, accessibility, factors, and adequate infrastructure facilities around the Surapati road area Keywords : Changes in Land Function, Commercial Activities, Corridors
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Kim, Inhan, Jungsik Choi, Evelyn Ai Lin Teo, and Hongwei Sun. "DEVELOPMENT OF K-BIM E-SUBMISSION PROTOTYPICAL SYSTEM FOR THE OPENBIM-BASED BUILDING PERMIT FRAMEWORK." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 8 (November 5, 2020): 744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.13756.

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With the popularization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, increasing numbers of countries are attempting to introduce BIM into their national building permitting processes. There are also many BIM-related research initiatives worldwide. Likewise, the Korean government has joined this trend by improving its existing e-Submission system, SEUMTER, to provide for BIM-based e-submission and automated code compliance checking. Further, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport in Korea has funded the Korea BIM (KBIM) building e-Submission system project. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model is an openBIM approach that has been designated as an international standard through the International Organization for Standardization. It is not dependent on specific design tools and is suitable for public works applications. Hence, this study performed a comprehensive analysis of and developed a framework for a prototypical system for an e-Submission process based on the IFC data model. Four main modules were developed to perform code checking, submission, pre-checking, and automated rule-making. A real-world project was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework. This study could increase the adoption of BIMbased building e-Submission systems by sharing effective and successful processes.
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O’Hara, Sabine. "The Urban Food Hubs Solution: Building Capacity in Urban Communities." Metropolitan Universities 28, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21477.

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Access to affordable fresh food is an ongoing challenge for underserved urban neighborhoods across the United States. Several are designated food deserts with no access to a full-service grocery store within a one-mile radius. The Urban Food Hubs of the College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES) of the University of the District of Columbia (UDC) exemplify the University’s commitment to building capacity in the food desert neighborhoods of Washington D.C. The four components of the Urban Food Hubs are food production, food preparation, food distribution, and waste and water recovery (http://www.udc.edu/category/causes). They are designed to not only provide access to fresh food, but also to create jobs, improve public health, mitigate water management problems, and create urban resiliency. The contributions in economic, social/cultural, and physical/environmental impacts, and the five pillars of economic development that track the broader impacts of urban capacity building are described here. The Urban Food Hubs demonstrate the investment metropolitan universities could make to ensure the long-term economic, social, and environmental health of each community. The model is scalable and replicable in other metropolitan areas including those that experience high pressure on land-use and those experiencing decline.
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Ramesh, R. Mala, and R. Nijagunappa. "Development of Urban Green Belts - A Super Future for Ecological Balance, Gulbarga City, Karnataka." International Letters of Natural Sciences 27 (October 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.27.47.

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Green belt land is an open space around bigger cities. The main purpose of the green belt is to protect the land from urban sprawl, and maintain the designated area for forestry, agriculture as well as to provide habitat to wildlife. Green belt offers a number of benefits for population. Areas that are designated as green belt must not be built upon, however, that does not mean that no buildings can be erected in green belt. GREENBELT is a policy and land use designation used in land use/land cover planning. Green belt policy may not work well in all areas and has been a subject of criticism; however, its advantages by far outweigh its disadvantages. The Green belt land covers about 2% of total geographical area in Gulbarga city of Karnataka state. They do not solve the problem related to low forest cover in the Gulbarga District but they significantly improve air quality and help combat a number of environmental problems. During the data collection (43%) of respondents both knew that Green Belts surround city, and valued Green Belts as places to enjoy quiet recreation It is confirmed that Green Belt policy has been highly effective in eco-friendship relation. Green Belts have a role to play in achieving positive land use objectives. The concept of Green Belt also has strong support amongst the general public, even if they do not always understand the full details of the planning policy. These areas could take on an even greater significance in the face of climate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land designated for building"

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Balarinová, Pavla. "Posouzení vlivu územního plánování na ceny pozemků ve městě Žďár nad Sázavou a jeho okolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233102.

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This thesis addresses the changes in land-use planning and their overall impact on the final price of land. Selected sites are in locations Dolní Rožínka and Žďár nad Sázavou, in the local area Stržanov. Both plots are established and customary prices recorded for individual phases of spatial planning. These phases are divided into agricultural land, other land-use plan that is designed for building and land intended to be built according to zoning. Final evaluation determines how different land prices in the three phases of spatial planning and price comparison of the two plots each other in different locations.
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Kvapil, Radek. "Posouzení vlivu územního plánování na ceny pozemků ve Vysokém Mýtě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232860.

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This diploma thesis deals with the change in the price of land, depending on its determination in ground plan and also on the method of use in location Průhony in Vysoké Mýto. The first part describes the methods of real estate assessing, and consequently, ground planning is outlined. The second part in concerned with the description of Vysoké Mýto and real estate investment opportunities in close neighbourhood. The practical part is focused on setting prices of various lands in relation to its potential. To end up, historical price development in location Průhony is discussed.
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Jurčová, Anna. "Posouzení vlivů ÚP na cenu pozemků v Otrokovicích a Napajedlích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399605.

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The aim of this thesis is to assess and interpret the impact of spatial planning on the prices of selected plots in Napajedla and Otrokovice. In order to achieve this goal, the appropriate sites were selected and simulated to be located both in non-construction areas and in built-up areas according to different levels of spatial planning. The plots were considered as agricultural land for construction and construction. The valuation was made using the price determined by means of a valuation decree and also the price usual by direct comparison. Prices of compared land were obtained from realized purchase contracts from the real estate cadastre and from offers from real estate servers. In conclusion, the results in both cities will be compared and the factors influencing the results will be evaluated.
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Wakida-Kusunoki, Fernando T. "Potential nitrate leaching from house building to groundwater." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251274.

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Cooper, Justine. "Sustainable building maintenance within social housing." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13830/.

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The social housing sector contains the largest number of professionally managed properties and as such has a significant role to play in improving the UK’s economic, environmental and social sustainability. This thesis explores the viability of integrating the sustainability agenda with social housing maintenance decision making in order that the sustainability of existing social housing stock can be improved through planned maintenance (and refurbishment). The thesis presents the argument that the current single criterion, conditioned based approach to maintenance planning does not support the continuous improvement in sustainability of social housing. Furthermore it argues that a new, multi-criteria approach to maintenance planning is needed based upon the performance of a home in-use rather than its condition. The performance based sustainable social housing maintenance model was presented and its application explored with Octavia Housing. Two aspects were further explored, firstly what criteria did landlords need to assess to ensure sustainability was systematically integrated into maintenance planning, and secondly, how could this multi-criteria be assimilated in order to prioritise maintenance actions to improve the sustainability rating of housing going forward. The questionnaire determined that traditional social housing maintenance was still the norm and whilst the sustainability agenda was considered important, it wasn’t integrated within housing management planning. The interviews determined the criteria landlords wished to use to assess the sustainability of their housing stock and prioritise maintenance need, exceeded that expressed in the Decent Homes Standard but, more importantly the specific criteria was unique to individual landlords and no definitive list of criteria required. The case study demonstrated that the proposed maintenance model could be implemented and presented a methodology by which it could be populated. An important aspect of the new maintenance model was the development of the Analytical Hierarchy Process modelling toolkit to measure the sustainability of the existing stock and prioritise maintenance work to improve this measure over time through planned maintenance. Whilst the model was based on data collected in the field, the worked example was theoretical and provides an opportunity for further work with Octavia Housing.
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Hellier, Cathleene Betz. "Private Land Development in Williamsburg, 1699-1748: Building a Community." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625487.

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Arkani, Sepideh. "Contractual interfaces : the implications of building production process management and interorganisational relations for productivity in building project coalitions." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1999. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5706/.

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The aim of this study is to explore the nature of productivity problems in building project coalitions arising from contractual interfaces and conflict. The study investigates the impact of contractual interfaces on the emergence of conflict in both the interorganisational relations of the contracting parties and the operational context of the building production process management. It analyses the dynamics of conflict in the behaviour and performance of the project participants to establish a link between conflict and productivity problems. The focus of the study is the interface between the mechanical and electrical (M&E) contractor and the main contractor. The interface between the main contractor and the client, as well as the design team members, is examined in so far as it affects the relationship between the main and the M&E contractor. The investigation reveals conflict as a potentially creative or destructive behavioural process that emanates from competition between the economic interest of the client and the professional/commercial interests of the consultants and contractors, in conjunction with low levels of trust. In so far as the building production process requires the inputs of all the participants, i.e., the client, the consultants and the contractors, competition gives rise to negotiati6ns. As long as the negotiations comprise integrative bargaining, conflict is creative and results in collective problem solving. In the presence of low levels of trust as reliability or predictability, the more powerful party resorts to strategies of control, domination or manipulation to pursue its own interests at the expense of those of others. Thus negotiations become distributive and conflict becomes dysfunctional. The weaker negotiating party either resists the strategies of power of the more dominant party by applying discretion in the use of their knowledge, and by matching their level of effort to rewards, or capitulates. The level of resistance or capitulation of the weaker party is dependent on their relative size and financial strength compared to those of the dominant party. The study indicates that the nature and level of conflict has a direct impact on the level of motivation, performance and consequently the productivity of the project participants. The investigation finds that conflict is inherent to the contracting system and needs to be managed (Lavers, 1992; Smith, 1992; Langford et ai, 1992). It finds that building project coalitions are organised as networks at the start of the project but may be transformed into political organisations during the project life-cycle (Mintzberg, 1991 (d): 374; Pfeffer, 1981 : 27-9). The imprecise definitions of functions and activities contained in the contractual documents provide the grounds for and facilitate the political activity of the project participants. The investigation therefore supports Clegg' s (1992) postulation that 'contractual documents provide the constitutional and constitutive grounds and framework within which the meaning of the contract is negotiated, contested, and contained' (Clegg, 1992: 135). The opportunistic interpretations resulting negotiations over the meaning of the contract (Tavistock Institute, 1966) very often impecle the full or effective enforcement of the contractual functions and activities, thus reinforce conflictual behaviour. The project managers' capability to manage conflict, though important in terms of preventing escalation of conflict, is indicated to have limited impact on performance levels of project participants. The research concludes that the economic and legal governance structures in the wider business context of building production processes do not foster fair, co-operative and non-confrontational exchange relations (Lane and Bachmann, 1996), and do not appear to discourage the imposition of onerous business agreements by the economically more powerful on those more dependent. It therefore suggests that fundamental changes in both governance structures of building project coalitions as well as attitudes of project coalition representatives are required as the means by which productivity improvements may be carried out.
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Neufeld, Angela. "Building a norm: the banning of anti-personnel landmines /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2447.

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Leibbrandt, Amy Elizabeth. "Architecture without Land : access to land, secured with land tenure as development strategy in critical neighbourhoods, in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63679.

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Architecture without Land postulates the role of architecture without the promise of the ownership of land. It investigates the provision of land, secured with land tenure, as a development strategy in critical neighbourhoods, specifi cally Westbury, Johannesburg. It is situated within the urban land question and opportunity of land, characterised by continual redevelopment within strict urban boundaries and multiplicity of use, and addresses the fragments of apartheid city planning, particularly the question of ownership of land. Title deeds are not always practical or appropriate solutions. Fixed ownership could stagnate the process of continual redevelopment of land and hence of the social development in a low income neighbourhood. The opportunity of land tenure, as opposed to ownership, aids fl exibility and appropriation by tenants including the continual redevelopment of a site. Tenure of land, allows the tenant organisation to expand, insert or subtract their built manifestation in relationship to their economic conditions, reducing ineffi cient land use. This approach responds to change in mainly two ways; internal changeability (Architecture host to change) and external changeability (Land host to change). Land host to change; orders the permanent (stable) built fabric, predetermining structure, service and external space. Tenant dependency on stable built fabric (architecture as method) is articulated in a scale understanding of facility and connection (service point). This interaction is expressed in use of space, fi t-out, infi ll and/or insert with the condition of easy removal at end of use. Access to land and space are vital to the project as poverty is deeply spatial and ownership of land intertwined with the legacy of apartheid. This dissertation will focus on the appropriation of land, tested with social infrastructure such as early childhood development, mothers training, shisa nyama, a medical unit supported by affordable rental housing, hosted in a 66m by 36m land parcel, supporting compact city development and densifi cation in the suburb of Westbury Johannesburg.
Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
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Allen, Nick B. (Nicholas Bradley). "Terra ex machina : land building and the breach of property regimes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111350.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-95).
Land building is the infilling of littoral or wetlands systems with developable dryland. It has long been used by state actors to overcome territorial constraints and conquer "wastelands" for economic development, but is increasingly used for large-scale, privately-financed real estate development. For these projects, land building is especially advantageous to both state and development interests because it can bypass traditional land acquisition and because it is unencumbered by prior legal claims, uses, or ecological functions. Compared to inland property, the relative mobility of built land makes it better suited to market-led development. This thesis frames land building as a "geo-hack": it exploits a false premise of planning and property regimes - that land is fixed in place and quantity - and thereby circumvents both. This work situates offshore land building on the Malay Peninsula within its history of land alienation, the practice of expanding commercial landholdings by extinguishing customary land uses and ecological functions. Focusing on the peninsular state of Johor, I analyze tensions between the agrarian property regime created by land alienation and recent real estate development pressures. I then turn to the case of Forest City, a large-scale real estate development being built in the straits between Johor and Singapore. By exploiting Malaysian land alienation procedures, the developer fully captures an unexploited rent gap and the state government avoids directly contending with social costs that usually accompany large-scale real estate development. However, my thesis shows that these gains are realized only by overwriting existing production regimes and exposing all actors to global market risks.
by Nick B. Allen.
M.C.P.
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Books on the topic "Land designated for building"

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Nishioka, Ruth Timms. Yesterday, land, today, building. De Pere, Wis: Alt Pub., 2001.

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Landscrapers: Building with the land. New York, N.Y: Thames & Hudson, 2002.

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Working the land: Building a life. [Denver, Colo.]: F. Cirbo, 2009.

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Spaziani, Michael. Ataratiri: Building and block study. [Toronto: City of Toronto Housing Dept., 1990.

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Galbraith's building and land management law for students. 6th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2010.

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Far from gringo land. Boston: Clarion Books, 2009.

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Deschamps, Colin. Land conflict in Afghanistan: Building capacity to address vulnerability. Kabul: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2009.

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Cornista, Luzviminda B. Land transfer and land tenure improvement programs: Some considerations for building institutional linkages. College, Laguna, Philippines: Institute of Agrarian Studies, College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines at Los Banos, 1988.

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Land development for civil engineers. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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Dion, Thomas R. Land development for civil engineers. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land designated for building"

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Seeley, Ivor H. "Land Use and Value Determinants." In Building Economics, 380–402. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13757-2_14.

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Pagett, Richard. "Land." In Building Global Resilience in the Aftermath of Sustainable Development, 87–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62151-7_14.

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Hossain, Md Faruque. "Land." In Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure, Transportation, and Water Technology, 403–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_20.

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Hengstermann, Andreas. "Building obligations in Switzerland." In Instruments of Land Policy, 175–88. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Urban planning and environment: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315511658-22.

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Charlson, Jennifer. "Building Regulations." In Galbraith’s Construction and Land Management Law for Students, 335–36. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003029250-16.

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Platt, Rutherford H. "Building a Metropolitan Nation: 1900–1940." In Land Use and Society, 95–118. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-455-0_5.

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Amann, Christof, and Marina Fischer-Kowalski. "Austria: An “Eco-Land”?" In Capacity Building in National Environmental Policy, 45–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04794-1_3.

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Payne, Geoffrey. "Public-private partnerships in urban land development." In Building Sustainable Urban Settlements, 238–51. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441269.016.

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de Vries, Walter Timo, Uchendu Eugene Chigbu, and Pamela Duran-Diaz. "Twenty Years of Building Capacity in Land Management, Land Tenure and Urban Land Governance." In Land Issues for Urban Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa, 121–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52504-0_8.

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Leshinsky, Rebecca. "An Australian perspective on heritable building rights: paramount property rights." In Instruments of Land Policy, 265–68. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Urban planning and environment: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315511658-33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Land designated for building"

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Liwång, Hans, Lars Pejlert, Steve Miller, and Jan-Erik Gustavsson. "Management of High Speed Machinery Signatures to Meet Stealth Requirement in the Royal Swedish Navy Visby Class Corvette (YS 2000)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0214.

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Over the years, the word stealth has been used more and more when discussing design and operational characteristics in military applications. New and more challenging techniques are constantly being applied to minimize signatures and thus hinder or delay detection and identification. The Visby Class Corvette is a multipurpose combat ship with 600 tons displacement. The hull is a sandwich construction of a PVC core with carbon fiber/vinyl laminate. The propulsion system consists of two identical CODOG machinery systems, each driving a KaMeWa 125 size Water Jet Unit. The Ship has special requirements for all signatures, i.e. Radar-, Hydro acoustics-, IR- and Magnetic Signature. The High Speed Machinery is twin Honeywell TF50A Gas Turbines, cantilever mounted side by side on the Main Reduction Gearbox housing. The Main Reduction Gearbox is a dual input high performance marine Gearbox designated MA - 107 SBS, designed and manufactured by Cincinnati Gear Co. The Low Speed Machinery is a MTU 16 V 2000 TE90 Diesel Engine connected to the MRG by a power take in shaft. Combustion Air for the Gas Turbines is ducted from the shipside Air Inlet Screen (radar screen) via 3-stage separating filters. The Exhausts from the twin Gas Turbines are combined into one Exhaust Pipe and ducted to the ship transom above the Water Jet stream. Very little can be changed in the Gas Turbine, but high quality such as well balanced rotating part contributes to reduce the signatures. However, the main work has to be accomplished by the building shipyard in cooperation with the Gas Turbine manufacturer. The Main Reduction Gearbox is more available for changes to reduce signatures, but even for the Gearbox the building shipyard has to take design and installation measures. The HSM installation consist mainly of the Gas Turbine Engine, the Main Reduction Gear, Water Jets Unit and surrounding equipment such as main shaft, bearings and so on. The emphasis in this paper is on the GT, MRG and their effect on some of the more well known signatures i.e. RCS, IR, Hydro acoustics and Magnetic. Also some design measures are discussed.
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Thomas, Howard P., and Kelly S. Merrill. "Alaska: Building ``The Great Land''." In Fourth National Congress on Civil Engineering History and Heritage. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40654(2003)22.

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Brooks, Thomas. "Railroad Building in the Great Land." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)291.

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"Synthetic Mudscapes: Human Interventions in Deltaic Land Building." In International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure Conference Proceedings. ISNGI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/000.cp.1469406.

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Katayama, Yoshiyuki, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Shuta Watanabe, Bungo Okuzawa, Kouta Tamura, and Kazuya Egami. "Assessment of Designated Managers of Public Marinas From the Viewpoint of User’s Convenience." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79827.

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Coastal spaces (including land areas and sea areas) in Japan are managed by the state or local governments, and their private use by individuals was not allowed unless contribution to public interest was ensured. Since the Designated Manager System for public facilities was established in 2003, management of an increasing number of public facilities based on the Local Autonomy Laws has been consigned to private sectors (called “designated managers”) nominated through the decisions of the local councils, rather than to public bodies based on the conventional “Management Commission System.” Regarding marinas including land areas and sea areas, we conducted a comparative analysis of their convenience, comfort, serviceability, and so forth before and after introduction of the Designated Manager System from the viewpoint of marina users to discuss how the private sector should manage coastal regions.
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Shafia, A., G. Nimish, and H. A. Bharath. "Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature with Changing Land-Use: Building a Climate ResilientSmart City." In 2018 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct.2018.8529459.

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Oad, Vipin Kumar, Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, Husna Binti Takaijudin, Ghulam Nabi, and Mubasher Hussain. "Monitoring Trends of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Rajang River Basin." In 2020 Second International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Technology and Innovation in Building Designs. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51154.2020.9319939.

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Perz, Mike, Candace Bruins, and Josef Heim. "Shallow land PSDM velocity model building for unconventional plays." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2019. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2019-3216713.1.

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Roh, Hyun Chul, Yungeun Choe, and Myung Jin Chung. "Building wall extraction method using land registration map image." In 2013 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urai.2013.6677340.

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Fukuda, Sumio. "The Manipulator to Turns Raw Land into Building Lots." In 5th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc1988/0038.

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Reports on the topic "Land designated for building"

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Landrum, William M., and III. Building Combat Power: The Army's Modern Land Force Finance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada308628.

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M.C.G., Dalupan, Haywood C., Wardell D.A., Cordonnier-Segger M.-C., and Kibugi R. Building enabling legal frameworks for sustainable land-use investments in Zambia, Tanzania and Mozambique: A synthesis. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005753.

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Erika N. Bailey. INDEPENDENT CONFIRMATORY SURVEY REPORT FOR THE REACTOR BUILDING, HOT LABORATORY, PRIMARY PUMP HOUSE, AND LAND AREAS AT THE PLUM BROOK REACTOR FACILITY, SANDUSKY, OHIO. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034275.

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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Schattman, Rachel. Farming the floodplain: New England river governance in a changing climate (Hand-outs). USDA Northeast Climate Hub, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956534.ch.

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You are worried about flood impacts from the river that borders your property. While you have considered building a levee and placing stones along the bank to protect you land and house from erosion, you do not have the equipment or expertise to do so. Additionally, you have seen water velocity in the river increase because the farmer upstream has channeled the river. You blame the farmer for putting your land and house at greater flood risk. You think that upstream land should be allowed to flood to slow water velocity and absorb floodwaters; this would protect you and your neighbors from future floods.
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Bedford, Philip, Alexis Long, Thomas Long, Erin Milliken, Lauren Thomas, and Alexis Yelvington. Legal Mechanisms for Mitigating Flood Impacts in Texas Coastal Communities. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.mitigatingfloodimpactstx.

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Flooding is a major source of concern for Texas’ coastal communities. It affects the quality of infrastructure, the lives of citizens, and the ecological systems upon which coastal communities in Texas rely. To plan for and mitigate the impacts of flooding, Texas coastal communities may implement land use tools such as zoning, drainage utility systems, eminent domain, exactions, and easements. Additionally, these communities can benefit from understanding how flooding affects water quality and the tools available to restore water bodies to healthy water quality levels. Finally, implementing additional programs for education and ecotourism will help citizens develop knowledge of the impacts of flooding and ways to plan and mitigate for coastal flooding. Land use tools can help communities plan for and mitigate flooding. Section III addresses zoning, a land use tool that most municipalities already utilize to organize development. Zoning can help mitigate flooding, drainage, and water quality issues, which, Texas coastal communities continually battle. Section IV discusses municipal drainage utility systems, which are a mechanism available to municipalities to generate dedicated funds that can help offset costs associated with providing stormwater management. Section V addresses land use and revenue-building tools such as easements, eminent domain, and exactions, which are vital for maintaining existing and new developments in Texas coastal communities. Additionally, Section VI addresses conservation easements, which are a flexible tool that can enhance community resilience through increasing purchase power, establishing protected legal rights, and minimizing hazardous flood impacts. Maintaining good water quality is important for sustaining the diverse ecosystems located within and around Texas coastal communities. Water quality is regulated at the federal level through the Clean Water Act. As discussed in Section VII, the state of Texas is authorized to implement and enforce these regulations by implementing point source and nonpoint source pollutants programs, issuing permits, implementing stormwater discharge programs, collecting water quality data, and setting water quality standards. The state of Texas also assists local communities with implementing restorative programs, such as Watershed Protection Programs, to help local stakeholders restore impaired water bodies. Section VIII addresses ecotourism and how these distinct economic initiatives can help highlight the importance of ecosystem services to local communities. Section VIX discusses the role of education in improving awareness within the community and among visitors, and how making conscious decisions can allow coastal communities to protect their ecosystem and protect against flooding.
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Braun, Lindsay, Jesus Barajas, Bumsoo Lee, Rebecca Martin, Rafsun Mashraky, Shubhangi Rathor, and Manika Shrivastava. Construction of Pedestrian Infrastructure along Transit Corridors. Illinois Center for Transportation, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-004.

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The availability and quality of pedestrian infrastructure play key roles in enabling access to transit. Many transit operators face challenges in facilitating this access, however, because they lack land use authority and encounter other institutional and programmatic impediments to effecting changes in the pedestrian environment. This report identifies the barriers to pedestrian access to transit in suburban communities located in the Pace Suburban Bus service area in northeastern Illinois and suggests potential solutions to overcome these barriers. The research team led several activities to collect data, including: conducting an academic literature review; reviewing pedestrian plans, policies, and programs in the region; surveying and interviewing key stakeholders; reviewing pedestrian funding sources; surveying and conducting case studies of peer transit agencies; conducting physical audits of pedestrian infrastructure; and interviewing residents of six municipalities about their transit access experiences. Lack of adequate funding, difficulties planning across jurisdictional boundaries, and conflicts in transportation priorities are major impediments to building pedestrian infrastructure. While planners and decision-makers tend to value pedestrian planning, challenges such as funding constraints and the need to retrofit suburban infrastructure are key barriers to implementation. Peer transit agencies face similar barriers to Pace and use strategies such as plan and policy development, diverse funding opportunities, and collaborative partnerships with stakeholder agencies and advocacy groups to overcome these barriers. Transit riders generally reported positive experiences with pedestrian access to transit in their communities. Many locations had robust infrastructure, but common deficiencies included poor sidewalk connectivity, incomplete crossings, lack of lighting and transit shelters, and deficiencies in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) infrastructure. A suite of policy recommendations for Pace and other partners that focus on planning, policy, funding, interagency coordination, education and training, infrastructure prioritization, and transit amenities address the full range of physical and institutional barriers identified in the research.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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