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Caggiano, Michael D., Todd J. Hawbaker, Benjamin M. Gannon, and Chad M. Hoffman. "Building Loss in WUI Disasters: Evaluating the Core Components of the Wildland–Urban Interface Definition." Fire 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3040073.
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Accurate maps of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) are critical for the development of effective land management policies, conducting risk assessments, and the mitigation of wildfire risk. Most WUI maps identify areas at risk from wildfire by overlaying coarse-scale housing data with land cover or vegetation data. However, it is unclear how well the current WUI mapping methods capture the patterns of building loss. We quantified the building loss in WUI disasters, and then compared how well census-based and point-based WUI maps captured the building loss. We examined the building loss in both WUI and non-WUI land-use types, and in relation to the core components of the United States Federal Register WUI definition: housing density, vegetation cover, and proximity to large patches of wildland vegetation. We used building location data from 70 large fires in the conterminous United States, which cumulatively destroyed 54,000 buildings from 2000 through to 2018. We found that: (1) 86% and 97% of the building loss occurred in areas designated as WUI using the census-based and point-based methods, respectively; (2) 95% and 100% of all of the losses occurred within 100 m and 850 m of wildland vegetation, respectively; and (3) WUI components were the most predictive of building loss when measured at fine scales.
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Ripenko, A. I., and A. A. Kolosiuk. "RESEARCHES CONCERNING CONFORMITY OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION ON THE DETERMINATION (RENEWAL) OF LAND PLOTS BOUNDARIES OF HOMESTEAD BUILDINGS IN CITIES: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.36.
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The paper considers the problems of insufficient methodical support of forensic examination within the limits of a speciality 10.20 «Researches of land planning issues» concerning conformity of the technical documentation on the determination (renewal) of land plots boundaries of homestead buildings in the cities. The thought of authors concerning expediency of working out techniques and methodical recommendations taking into account legislative and normative acts being in force in Ukraine for that time, is substantiated, and organizational features of legal regulation of lands under homestead buildings of cities in view of basic functions of such territories for their constant development and creation of appropriate conditions for residing of inhabitants are marked. The attention that the legal regime of using such lands needs complements concerning necessity of their operation according to the rules of territory beautification of a populated locality and other documentation concerning beautification issues, is paid. The idea on expediency of the Land Code of Ukraine amendments, in particular in its provisions concerning the use of inhabited and public land buildings in the limits ofpopulated localities taking into account the rules of territory beautification, is spoken out. The authors focus attention on the requirements to regulate the use of inhabited and public land buildings not only in the land legislation but also in the legislative acts which regulate a question of inhabited and public buildings territory beautification. Thus, for appropriate carrying out forensic examination on speciality 10.20 it’s necessary to develop methodical support both by adopting corresponding acts of land and city building legislation, standards, norms and rules of drawing up a technical documentation on the determination (renewal) of land plots boundaries in nature (on terrain) and by creation of the scientifically grounded techniques and methodical recommendations on the designated subjects.
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Taima, Masahiro, Yasushi Asami, and Kimihiro Hino. "Estimation of building shape by block size." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-360-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>
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Ramadhan, Try, Heru Wibowo, Rahy R. Soekardi, and Dianna Astrid Hertoety. "IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT IN MOSQUE DESIGN : A FACE AND ISLAMIC DA’WAH." Indonesian Journal of Built Environmental and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ijobes.v1i1.250.
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ABSTRACT : Mosque as a means of worship is very important for Indonesian people who are Muslim majority. Mosques in Indonesia have been numerous and will continue to grow. Environmental issues due to the many building developments have become a global concern today, from the limited natural resources, global warming, climate change, Urban Heat Island (UHI) to its impact on the comfort and health of people. The concept of green architecture has been used to minimize environmental damage from buildings. This design-based research will implement green architecture approach in the mosque design in the context of a particular location to identify problems, possible applications and potential development. The designated location is in the eastern area of Bandung, city gates that has fairly dense place of settlement and transportation.The results showed that green architecture approach with neighborhood perspective criteria can be applied, especially with large scale mosque such as the case. The approach is more holistic and relates to the type of communal building. Criterias such as (1)land ecological enchancement; (2)circulation, movement and connectivity; (3)water management and conservation (4)solid waste and material; (5)community wellbeing strategy; and (6)building and energy, can be applied by combining with various design ideas and responses of site problems. Keywords : Mosque, green architecture, research-based design
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Purwanto, Bayu, and Anang Wahyu Sejati. "VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (VGI) APPLICATION FOR MONITORING LAND USE VIOLATION CASE STUDY: CIGANJUR FLOOD." Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, no. 3 (June 6, 2021): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i3.244.
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Land in DKI Jakarta has problems in land use. Many land-use does not comply with planning. Illegal buildings are often found in areas designated for green open space and river boundaries. Land use monitoring requires the role of information technology. This research uses an open-source-based application to develop easier and cheaper. The application consists of a smartphone-based application for the process of reporting land-use violations with the concept of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The application can directly analyze verified data with spatial planning. The analysis uses overlay analysis to see the location and extent of violations in land use. The results of the analysis can be used as a basis for local governments to impose punishment on illegal buildings and to plan for future cities.
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Milewska, Anna. "SPATIAL DIVERSITY OF INCOMES FROM FOREST TAX IN RURAL COMMUNES IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7924.
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The article presents the results of research on the spatial diversity of incomes from forest tax. The analysis covered the amount of forest tax in the budgets of rural communes and their share in total revenues. Based on the conducted research it was found that the dynamics of changes related to this phenomenon is not significant. This applies to forest tax as income, as well as its amount determined by the occurrence in rural areas, land qualified in the register of lands and buildings as forests – Ls. After Poland’s accession to the EU structures, the number of hectares of land designated for afforestation is characterized by an upward trend. This does not mean, however, that the tax base is increasing. Forest land with trees to 40 years are taxable but are exempt, which means a lack of tax revenues to the budget.
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Wijaya, Karto, Amat Rahmat, and Fani Sukma Amalia. "IDENTIFICATION BUILDINGS FUNCTION OF CENTRAL T-SHIRT INDUSTRY IN SURAPATI STREET CORRIDOR, BANDUNG CITY." Indonesian Journal of Built Environmental and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ijobes.v1i1.248.
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ABSTRACT : Population growth in the city of Bandung is increasing so that the laha needs especially commercial activities are also increasing both in the city center to the suburbs including Cibeunying Kaler District, Bandung City. The development of this commercial activity also occurs along the Surapati road corridor, especially those in Cibeunying Kaler District. Surapati road corridor is designated as a holy shirt tourism area with the existence of outlets as the main activity. The existence of this corridor also has various supporting activities such as economic/trade, social, health, worship, education and government building activities. With a variety of activities in it, so that it can lead to changes in residential functions into commercial buildings, such as changes in land use from settlements to an outlet area for t-shirts, trade and services for trade and service activities following market guidelines. This study aims to identify the functions of trade buildings along the Surapati road corridor in Bandung City. By using a qualitative descriptive method to determine the effect of any factors that influence changes in function in the corridor of Bandung city, Surapati. While the factors that influence the change are social factors, economic factors, accessibility, factors, and adequate infrastructure facilities around the Surapati road area Keywords : Changes in Land Function, Commercial Activities, Corridors
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Kim, Inhan, Jungsik Choi, Evelyn Ai Lin Teo, and Hongwei Sun. "DEVELOPMENT OF K-BIM E-SUBMISSION PROTOTYPICAL SYSTEM FOR THE OPENBIM-BASED BUILDING PERMIT FRAMEWORK." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 8 (November 5, 2020): 744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.13756.
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With the popularization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, increasing numbers of countries are attempting to introduce BIM into their national building permitting processes. There are also many BIM-related research initiatives worldwide. Likewise, the Korean government has joined this trend by improving its existing e-Submission system, SEUMTER, to provide for BIM-based e-submission and automated code compliance checking. Further, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport in Korea has funded the Korea BIM (KBIM) building e-Submission system project. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model is an openBIM approach that has been designated as an international standard through the International Organization for Standardization. It is not dependent on specific design tools and is suitable for public works applications. Hence, this study performed a comprehensive analysis of and developed a framework for a prototypical system for an e-Submission process based on the IFC data model. Four main modules were developed to perform code checking, submission, pre-checking, and automated rule-making. A real-world project was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework. This study could increase the adoption of BIMbased building e-Submission systems by sharing effective and successful processes.
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O’Hara, Sabine. "The Urban Food Hubs Solution: Building Capacity in Urban Communities." Metropolitan Universities 28, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21477.
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Access to affordable fresh food is an ongoing challenge for underserved urban neighborhoods across the United States. Several are designated food deserts with no access to a full-service grocery store within a one-mile radius. The Urban Food Hubs of the College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES) of the University of the District of Columbia (UDC) exemplify the University’s commitment to building capacity in the food desert neighborhoods of Washington D.C. The four components of the Urban Food Hubs are food production, food preparation, food distribution, and waste and water recovery (http://www.udc.edu/category/causes). They are designed to not only provide access to fresh food, but also to create jobs, improve public health, mitigate water management problems, and create urban resiliency. The contributions in economic, social/cultural, and physical/environmental impacts, and the five pillars of economic development that track the broader impacts of urban capacity building are described here. The Urban Food Hubs demonstrate the investment metropolitan universities could make to ensure the long-term economic, social, and environmental health of each community. The model is scalable and replicable in other metropolitan areas including those that experience high pressure on land-use and those experiencing decline.
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Ramesh, R. Mala, and R. Nijagunappa. "Development of Urban Green Belts - A Super Future for Ecological Balance, Gulbarga City, Karnataka." International Letters of Natural Sciences 27 (October 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.27.47.
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Green belt land is an open space around bigger cities. The main purpose of the green belt is to protect the land from urban sprawl, and maintain the designated area for forestry, agriculture as well as to provide habitat to wildlife. Green belt offers a number of benefits for population. Areas that are designated as green belt must not be built upon, however, that does not mean that no buildings can be erected in green belt. GREENBELT is a policy and land use designation used in land use/land cover planning. Green belt policy may not work well in all areas and has been a subject of criticism; however, its advantages by far outweigh its disadvantages. The Green belt land covers about 2% of total geographical area in Gulbarga city of Karnataka state. They do not solve the problem related to low forest cover in the Gulbarga District but they significantly improve air quality and help combat a number of environmental problems. During the data collection (43%) of respondents both knew that Green Belts surround city, and valued Green Belts as places to enjoy quiet recreation It is confirmed that Green Belt policy has been highly effective in eco-friendship relation. Green Belts have a role to play in achieving positive land use objectives. The concept of Green Belt also has strong support amongst the general public, even if they do not always understand the full details of the planning policy. These areas could take on an even greater significance in the face of climate.
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NAMBA, Ken, Kazuaki ASAKURA, Kazuyuki MURAKAMI, and Chusaku YASUDA. "THE OPERATION OF "SPECIAL DESIGNATED ZONING" IN COOPERATION WITH MUNICIPAL LAND-USE PLANNING : Studies on the operation of the development permission system for the land-use management in the urbanization control area in Hyogo Prefecture-No. 2-(Urban Planning)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 12, no. 23 (2006): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.12.371_1.
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Sastra Putra, Hendi. "ANALISIS PERATURAN KEPALA BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL RI NO 4 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG TATA CARA PENERTIBAN TANAH TERLANTAR (STUDI KASUS EKS. PABRIK ES DAN GUDANG KOPI DI KELURAHAN BAJAK)." AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 5, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/imr.v5i2.3490.
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Abstract: Neglected land is land that has received rights from the state in the form of property rights, land use rights, building rights, usage rights and administrative rights or the basis for the control of land that is not cultivated, not used or not used according to the circumstances or nature and nature the purpose of granting rights or the basis of their control. Problem formulation What is the role of the Bengkulu City Bureau in controlling abandoned land in the former ice cream factory and coffee store in Bajak Village? Empirical legal research is a legal research method that uses empirical facts derived from human behavior, both verbal behavior from interviews and real behavior that is performed through direct observation. Primary data is data that comes directly from the field and is based on respondents and informants. Secondary data This data comes from literature books, laws and regulations, surfing the Internet and other documents. Determination of the abandoned country in accordance with Article 19 paragraph 1, the percentage of the abandoned land area is divided into the following groups: (a) 100 percent distributed, (b) more than 25 percent to less than 100 percent displaced,, and (d) distributed less than or equal to 25 percent. Sanctions pursuant to Article 23 paragraph 1 must be cleared of land that has been designated as abandoned land within a period of 1 (one) month after the decision on the determination of the abandoned land has been made by the former rights holder of the items located thereon. (2) If the former right holder does not fulfill the obligations mentioned in paragraph 1, the objects on it no longer belong to him and are controlled directly by the state.Keywords: Neglected land; Rights holders; penalty
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Sari, Kartika Eka, and N. Sari. "Effects of Tourism Development on Land Use in the Coastal Area of Surabaya City." TATALOKA 22, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.4.463-473.
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Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Province that develops coastal tourism activities. Based on Surabaya City RTRW for 2014-2034, the development of coastal tourism in Surabaya is in Bulak District. The district is designated as a development unit III of Tambak Wedi that directed as marine beach tourism. Kenjeran Tourism has a number of tourist destinations including Kenjeran Beach, THP Kenjeran, Kenjeran Park, Bulak Park, Surabaya Park, and Kenjeran Bridge.he development of coastal tourism resulted in many changes in land use and building’s function, mainly affecting the type of land use settlement because people tend to use the front of the house for trading activities and services. This study aims to determine the effect of tourism development on land use in the Kenjeran Area. This study uses overlay analysis and PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis. The results of this study found that tourism development variables affect land use change by 92.2%. Changes in land use are dominated by vacant land and supporting facilities for tourism activities such as trade and services, recreation, tourism, and green open space
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Sari, Kartika Eka, and N. Sari. "Effects of Tourism Development on Land Use in the Coastal Area of Surabaya City." TATALOKA 22, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.4.463-473.
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Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Province that develops coastal tourism activities. Based on Surabaya City RTRW for 2014-2034, the development of coastal tourism in Surabaya is in Bulak District. The district is designated as a development unit III of Tambak Wedi that directed as marine beach tourism. Kenjeran Tourism has a number of tourist destinations including Kenjeran Beach, THP Kenjeran, Kenjeran Park, Bulak Park, Surabaya Park, and Kenjeran Bridge.he development of coastal tourism resulted in many changes in land use and building’s function, mainly affecting the type of land use settlement because people tend to use the front of the house for trading activities and services. This study aims to determine the effect of tourism development on land use in the Kenjeran Area. This study uses overlay analysis and PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis. The results of this study found that tourism development variables affect land use change by 92.2%. Changes in land use are dominated by vacant land and supporting facilities for tourism activities such as trade and services, recreation, tourism, and green open space
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Klaus, Jacopo. "Do municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation stand in the way of antisprawl policies? A qualitative comparative analysis of Swiss cantons." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 9 (February 27, 2019): 1622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808319833377.
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Our study aims to explore whether simultaneous municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation foster urban sprawl. We discuss the hypothesis that in such a setting, competition between municipalities to attract development leads to high degrees of urban sprawl. A comparison of the 26 Swiss cantons was carried out using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis combining the aforementioned conditions with other urban sprawl drivers. As a result, four consistent, sufficient combinations of conditions were identified. These combinations show that municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation are indeed linked to high degrees of urban sprawl. This is especially true when municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation are combined with the economic triggers of competition between municipalities and oversized designated building zones. These results draw attention to the necessity of stronger supra-municipal coordination within the framework of Swiss land use planning policy.
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Hełdak, Maria, and Ken Chisa. "Charging the Budget of the City Wrocław with Urbanisation Costs (Poland)." International Journal of Operations Management 1, no. 2 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.12.4003.
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The paper deals with the issue of charging local authorities with the costs of realisation of the provisions contained in local spatial development plans in Wrocław (Poland). Considering the planned spatial development in the area of the city Wrocław, the urbanisation costs that are chargeable to the municipality budget were identified. The economic effects of preparing areas designated for development in the residential programme offer were analysed. The paper provides an analysis of the cost of realisation of investments that belong to own duties of the municipality, including the cost of building municipality roads, sewage and water supply networks, arranging public greenery and purchasing land for public investments. The analyses were performed within the administrative borders of the city. The prognosed costs of the realisation of local spatial development plans demonstrate significant expenditure that Wrocław has to incur for the construction of sewage network and municipal roads. Additionally, the development of new areas will require the city of Wrocław to take over the real properties on which public goals are planned to be realised. One should thoroughly consider the actual need for new investment areas in the city. Demographic forecasts demonstrate that the areas designated for development significantly exceed the demand.
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Heldak, Maria. "Charging the Budget of the City Wroclaw With Urbanisation Costs (Poland)." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 6, no. 6 (September 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.66.3003.
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The paper deals with the issue of charging local authorities with the costs of realisation of the provisions contained in local spatial development plans in Wrocław (Poland). Considering the planned spatial development in the area of the city Wrocław, the urbanisation costs that are chargeable to the municipality budget were identified. The economic effects of preparing areas designated for development in the residential programme offer were analysed. The paper provides an analysis of the cost of realisation of investments that belong to own duties of the municipality, including the cost of building municipality roads, sewage and water supply networks, arranging public greenery and purchasing land for public investments. The analyses were performed within the administrative borders of the city. The prognosed costs of the realisation of local spatial development plans demonstrate significant expenditure that Wrocław has to incur for the construction of sewage network and municipal roads. Additionally, the development of new areas will require the city of Wrocław to take over the real properties on which public goals are planned to be realised. One should thoroughly consider the actual need for new investment areas in the city. Demographic forecasts demonstrate that the areas designated for development significantly exceed the demand.
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Real, Charles R. "California’s Natural Hazard Zonation Policies for Land-Use Planning and Development." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0535.
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California has established state-level policies that utilize knowledge of where natural hazards are more likely to occur to enhance the effectiveness of landuse planning as a tool for risk mitigation. These policies set minimum standards for local government, and range from State designation of regulatory natural hazard zones to requirements that cities and counties include a Safety Element in their General Plan that evaluates their exposure to earthquakes, wildfires, floods, and other natural hazards, and to prepare a federal Local Mitigation Plan to reduce the risk. Such requirements placed on local government are enforced by potential liability for losses for failure to act, and the potential ineligibility for disaster relief funds should a catastrophic event occur. Building codes have been the primary means of mitigating the impact of natural hazards, but continued growth into high-risk terrain and repetitive losses have focused attention to the merits of avoiding harm’s way by means of prudent land-use decisions. Restricting land use can be difficult under the pressures of growth and development. California code exploits knowledge that the cost to adequately protect public safety can influence the type of development that is feasible when considering occupancy (high/low density residential, manufacturing, parkland, etc.) and critical function, such as the need to maintain essential services (police, fire, hospitals, emergency operation centers, etc.). Experience in California demonstrates that a combination of education, outreach, and mutually supporting policies that are linked to state-designated natural hazard zones can form an effective framework for enhancing the role of land-use planning in reducing future losses from natural disasters.
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NAMBA, Ken, Masahiko TANIGAWA, Satoshi FUKUNAGA, Kazuki TANAKA, and Cyusaku YASUDA. "THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS OF CITY LAND-USE IN THE URBANIZATION CONTROL AREA ON THE OPERATION SITUATION OF "SPECIAL DESIGNATED ZONING" SYSTEM Studies on the operation of the development permission system for the land-use management in the urbanization control area in Hyogo Prefecture-No. 4-." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 13, no. 26 (2007): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.13.781.
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Dębińska, Ewa, and Joanna A. Pałubska. "Influence of the Central City on the Location of Commercial Buildings in the Agglomeration. The Example of Krakow, Poland." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2021-0003.
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Abstract Shaping the spatial policy belongs to the tasks of the local commune governments, which through the acts of local law in the form of local spatial development plans establish rules of land development for specific purposes. Analyzing properties which are not significantly diversified in terms of location, because they belong to the same area of the “local market”, it can be concluded that linking land properties with the functions they can perform and with their development possibilities is the most significant attribute which shapes the level of land value. Suburbanization processes influence the decisions of communes located in the immediate vicinity of urban agglomerations as to the directions of allocating land for specific purposes, especially in the areas within the city’s range of influence. The subject of the research is real estates with commercial, service and industrial functions located in the district of Krakow, within the boundaries of communes directly adjacent to Krakow. The aim of the works is to analyze the links between the location of areas designated for commercial development and the location of main communication routes and the distance from the city borders.
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Putranto, Andi, and Dwi Pradnyawan. "Assessment of Old Buildings in Lasem City Based on Tiered Quantitative Analysis Method with Weighting Factors." Kapata Arkeologi 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v14i2.522.
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Bangunan tua di Kota Lasem merupakan peninggalan sejarah dari masa Kolonial. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya, bangunan-bangunan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai Bangunan Cagar Budaya jika telah melalui proses pendaftaran dan penilaian hingga pada akhirnya dilakukan penetapan oleh pemerintah sesuai dengan peringkatnya. Kegiatan penilaian terhadap bangunan tua di Kota Lasem yang dinilai memiliki ciri sebagai bangunan cagar budaya harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebagai dasar untuk membuat rekomendasi bagi pemerintah dalam melakukan penetapan sebagai bangunan cagar budaya sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penilaian cagar budaya khususnya dari jenis objek bangunan selama ini telah dilakukan terutama dalam rangka penyusunan rekomendasi untuk penetapan namun tidak diketahui mekanisme penilaian yang diterapkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengenalkan mekanisme model penilaian yang menerapkan metode analisis kuantitatif berjenjang dengan faktor pembobot. Metode ini biasa digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian di bidang ilmu eksakta khususnya dalam penilaian evaluasi lahan. Metode ini merupakan adaptasi dari metode analisis spasial yang berbasis pada algoritma. Hasil penilaian dengan model ini akan mampu menyusun formula yang diharapkan serta dapat menghasilkan nilai akhir untuk sebuah objek bangunan agar memperoleh kelas dalam kaitannya dengan rekomendasi untuk penetapan sebagai bangunan cagar budaya. Dalam penelitian ini diajukan empat kelas rekomendasi, yaitu kelas bangunan dengan tidak atau kurang direkomendasikan, kelas bangunan direkomendasikan dengan level cukup, kelas bangunan direkomendasikan dengan level kuat, dan kelas bangunan yang direkomendasikan dengan level mendesak. Keempat level ini berkaitan erat dengan skala prioritas dalam rangkaian kegiatan penetapan sebagai bangunan cagar budaya. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan memperoleh suatu nilai kuantitatif dan terukur secara ilmiah dalam tata cara penilaian bangunan untuk penetapan sebagai bangunan cagar budaya.Old buildings in Lasem City are a historical heritage from the colonial period. Based on Law Number 11 of 2010 on Cultural Heritage, these buildings can be categorized as Cultural Buildings if they have gone through the process of registration and assessment and finally designated by the government according to their rank. The assessment of old buildings in Lasem City which are considered to have the characteristics of a cultural heritage building must be performed first as a basis for making recommendations for the government in making the designation as cultural heritage buildings following applicable laws and regulations. The assessment of cultural heritage, especially from the types of building objects has been performed mainly in the context of preparing recommendations for designation, but the assessment mechanism applied is unknown. Therefore, this research introduces the mechanism of assessment model that applies tiered quantitative analysis methods with weighting factors. This method is commonly used in various research in the exact sciences, especially in evaluating land. This method is an adaptation of the spatial analysis method based on the algorithm. The results of the assessment with this model will be able to formulate the expected formula as well as can produce the final value for building object in order to obtain a class in relation to recommendations for designation as cultural heritage buildings. In this research, four recommendation classes were proposed, namely building which is not suitable or not recommended, recommended building with sufficient level, recommended building with strong level, and recommended building with urgent level. These four levels are closely related to the priority scale in a series of designation as cultural heritage buildings. The results of this research are expected to obtain a quantitative value and scientifically measured in the procedure for assessing buildings for designation as cultural heritage buildings.
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NAMBA, Ken, Kazuaki IKUSHIMA, Yoshiaki KUROHARA, Masahiko TANIGAWA, and Chusaku YASUDA. "THE EXPANSION AND ENFORCEMENT OF HYOGO PREFECTURE ESTABLISHED "SPECIAL DESIGNATED ZONING" Studies on the operation of the development permission system for the land-use management in the urbanization control area in Hyogo Prefecture-No.3-." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 13, no. 25 (2007): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.13.263.
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Indrawati, Indrawati, Alfa Febela Priatmono, and Nurhasan Nurhasan. "TANTANGAN MEMBANGUN DI LAHAN RTH (KAJIAN TATA RUANG PEMBANGUNAN EDUTORIUM DI EDUPARK UMS)." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v3i1.191.
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Abstract: The objective of this paper is the approval of the development of Edutorium on Edupark land which has been designated as RTH on the Surakarta City regional planning. This study was presented descriptively using content analysis methods. After being analyzed, conclusions are obtained; (a) The UMS must obtain permission from the Surakarta City Government to obtain Edupark land; (B) If UMS agrees to permit the construction of Edutorium with a simple building category and has an open land of at least 70%, it is expected that permit will be issued so on. But if Edupark has a building character is not simple and important for the environment, the management of permit for more than 4 months; (c) If no open space rules are accepted, the permit is not issued; (d) UMS has a significant opportunity to submit a request for changes in Edupark's land function through the regional planning revision process. This revision process estimates 1 to 2 years; (e) if UMS applies the green concept of public space in Edutorium buildings, it is truly one of the advantages of UMS in applying Islamic architecture. Based on the conclusions above, the following are recommended: (1) Requirement documents and development permits need to be approved before construction is carried out in the field; (2) In order to be more flexible, this year, the approved UMS immediately requested a change in Edupark from green open space to a cultivation area (yellow); and (3) Before the Edutorium is built, the fulfillment of convention needs can be done by using convention buildings around the UMS. Keywords: Green Open Space, Spatial Planning, UMSAbstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan memahami regulasi pembangunan Edutorium di lahan Edupark yang telah ditetapkan sebagai RTH dalam RTRW Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini dipaparkan secara deskriptif menggunakan metode analisis konten. Setelah dianalisis diperoleh kesimpulan; (a) UMS harus mendapat ijin dari Pemkot Surakarta untuk memanfaatkan lahan Edupark; (b) Jika UMS mengajukan ijin pembangunan Edutorium dengan kategori bangunan sederhana serta memiliki lahan terbuka minimal 70%, diperkirakan IMB terbit dalam waktu dekat. Namun jika Edupark memiliki karakter bangunan tidak sederhana serta berdampak penting bagi lingkungan, pengurusan IMB memakan waktu lebih dari 4 bulan; (c) Jika tidak mengikuti kaidah-kaidah RTH, dimungkinkan IMB tidak akan terbit; (d) UMS memiliki peluang cukup besar untuk mengajukan permohonan perubahan fungsi lahan Edupark melalui proses revisi RTRW. Proses revisi RTRW diperkirakan 1 hingga 2 tahun; (e) jika UMS menerapkan konsep public space yang hijau pada bangunan Edutorium, sesungguhnya merupakan salah satu kelebihan UMS dalam mengaplikasikan arsitektur Islam. Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, direkomendasikan beberapa hal berikut: (1) Dokumen persyaratan dan perijinan pembangunan perlu dipenuhi sebelum dilakukan pembangunan di lapangan; (2) Agar lebih fleksibel, pada tahun ini UMS sebaiknya segera mengajukan permohonan perubahan fungsi lahan Edupark dari RTH (hijau) menjadi kawasan budidaya (kuning); dan (3) Sebelum Edutorium terbangun, pemenuhan kebutuhan konvensi dapat dilakukan dengan menyewa gedung-gedung konvensi yang ada di sekitar UMS. Kata Kunci: RTH, Tata Ruang, UMS
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Jadach-Sepioło, Aleksandra, and Maciej Zathey. "Alternative between Revitalisation of City Centres and the Rising Costs of Extensive Land Use from a Polish Perspective." Land 10, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050488.
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The phenomenon of spatial chaos is ever-growing challenge in Poland. Its most common explanations are the weaknesses of spatial planning and the households’ economic-based decisions of building a house in the suburbs. In this context, Polish publications lack analyses of the impact of local authorities’ on shaping conditions for the development of new housing and renovation of the existing ones. The authors put forward a thesis about the persistence of an extensive land use policy model in Poland, in which local governments create conditions favouring area-consuming approach to locating buildings. At the same time, the same local governments allow de-agriculturalisation of land plots with a consequence that newly developed areas are not equipped with utilities (e.g., sewage or heating networks). Chaos in the development of residential areas is also illustrated by another phenomenon. Local authorities designate large degraded and revitalisation areas. This results in the dispersed effects. The article concentrates on these three symptoms of spatial chaos in Poland, i.e., random and dispersed expansion of new investments in sewage system, lack of integration between district heating systems and direction of residential development and dispersed effects of revitalisation, which cannot prevent flight from blight. The obtained results allowed to confirm the thesis about the extensive land use policy model in Poland.
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Wahyuni Zahrah and Muhammad Yusuf Rahmadani. "The Design Karo Cultural Centre with Neo-Vernacular Architecture Approach." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 3, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v3i3.3740.
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Culture in North Sumatra is a very scant appreciation from the public. In particular, the community's enthusiastic Karo Ground against art objects tend to be low and continues to decline; it is also affected by the impact of the modernization of Western culture. It is required for a container or a place that is used to introduce, studying, preserving culture Karo, addressed to the community, domestic and foreign, the purpose is to make many parties better understand or know about the culture that exists in the land of Karo. Neo vernacular Karo was chosen as the theme of the design so as not to eliminate the side of culture Karo as well as local wisdom applied physical and nonphysical. The theme is used in the concept of building mass Si Walu Jabu into the project by taking the basic shapes in Karo, as well as custom homes, apply flexibility in floor plan traditional house Karo on every space in the cultural center. Design of area designated as Tahura with consideration of its strategic footprint and also as the gateway tour in the land of Karo. Expected with the existence of this cultural center, domestic and foreign, and especially the community can engage in its own agenda in the preservation, experience, recognition, and can enjoy Karo culture itself comfortably.
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Asra, Reza, Andi Ayu Nurnawati, Muhammad Faisal MF, and Aksal Mursalat. "CARRYING CAPACITY AND LAND SUITABILITY OF RICE FIELDS ON THE SPATIAL PLANNING OF PANGKAJENE URBAN AREA." Tunas Geografi 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v9i2.20027.
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The growth of an urban area will result in the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land. In some cases, agricultural land that has the most opportunity to experience conversion is rice fields. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the condition of the rice fields related to the carrying capacity and its suitability to the urban spatial layout of Pangkajene. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive analysis of spatial data and secondary data. The area of rice fields in the urban area of Pangkajene in a vulnerable time of 7 years decreased by 149 ha. The results of the calculation of the carrying capacity of rice fields in the Pangkajene urban area in 2020 amounted to 0.27 which is included in class III or low criteria. While the optimal population is 11,102 people. The total of 15.23 ha of land was not suitable for the agricultural planning zone in regional spatial planning. There are still people who build buildings in the agricultural area of 2.99 ha or 0.71%. The open land also exists in the area designated for agricultural activities covering an area of 6.91 ha or 1.63%. The residents also expand their yards in an area devoted to agricultural activities by 5.33 ha or 1.26%.Keywords: Rice Fields, Carrying Capacity, Spatial Planning, Geographic information system
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Stoffel, M. "Impacts of climate change on natural hazards and land use in the Saas and Zermatt Valleys (Switzerland)." Geographica Helvetica 54, no. 4 (December 31, 1999): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-224-1999.
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Abstract. The aim of Swiss land use planning is to guarantee an expedient and economical use ofthe land and an orderly development of the country. Therefore. land use planning has to designate areas suitable for optimal economic development. The possiblility of climate change poses a special challenge for land use planners. This paper examines the implications of environmental change resulting from climate change and anticipates new zones of conflict between existing and future land uses in the Saas and Zermatt Valleys (Valais. Switzerland). Differences between the «reul-time» decisions of planners and the possible development of nsks and changes predicted by scientists are key factors examined in this paper. Furthermore, this paper investigates the legal implications of land use planning under conditions of climatic uncertainty. Particular emphasis is given lo the various ways natural dangers can be taken into account at the levels of the «cantonal» general plan, communal zoning plan and the issueing of building permits. Finally, this paper recommends the establishmenl of «buller areas» or zones of potential high risk as precautionary measures and Highlights the fundamental necessit) of risk communication for natural hazard control.
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CHOWDHRY, PREM. "Militarized Masculinities: Shaped and Reshaped in Colonial South-East Punjab." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (November 13, 2012): 713–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000539.
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AbstractThis paper offers a gendered perspective to British domination in India through the British Indian Army—which in many ways was central to their entire structure of economic and political domination in India. Locating its understanding drawn from the political economy of south-east Punjab, it argues that the designated martial castes and military recruitment structurally and ideologically identified with and privileged those trends of existing masculinities in this region which suited their power structure and empire building. It was a constellation of marital caste status, land ownership, dominant caste syndrome and good bodily physique or physical strength that ideologically came to connect and configure dominant masculinity in colonial Punjab. An Army profession fully supported it. During the two world wars it emerged as the militarized masculinity, amply supported by legal and administrative measures introduced or apparently adopted in deference to certain popular cultural practices. The associated economic and political privileges turned ‘loyalty’ into an inherent and special ingredient of ‘masculinity’ which the nationalists had to confront and deal with till such times that it came to be firmly linked with nationalism and patriotism.
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Kadri, Mohtana Kharisma, and Faisal Faisal. "ARAHAN KETERPADUAN PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN DAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN PADA LINTAS DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA." JURNAL RISET PEMBANGUNAN 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36087/jrp.v3i1.70.
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ABSTRAKAglomerasi suatu kawasan sering kali disebabkan adanya konurbasi suatu wilayah dengan dipengaruhi adanya perkembangan kawasan perumahan dan permukiman dalam suatu wilayah sehingga perlu adanya arahan terkait pemanfaatan lahan dan pengendalian pembangunan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman khususnya yang berada pada kawasan lintas daerah kabupaten/kota yang ada di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Adapun tujuannya dari penelitian ini adalah agar tidak terjadi perbedaan konsep pengembangan ruang perkotaan dan permukiman pada daerah lintas kabupaten/kota tersebut, dan keterpaduan rencana pemanfaatan dan pengendalian yang lebih detail dapat terwujud yakni perumahan dan kawasan permukiman yang berkualitas dan berkelanjutan. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode diskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan bersumber dari data-data sekunder dan data primer. Adapun arahan keterpaduan pemanfaatan dan pengendalian pembangunan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman pada lintas daerah kabupaten/kota diatur dalam sebuah peraturan zonasi yang terbagi atas dua peruntukan yaitu kawasan peruntukan permukiman perkotaan dan kawasan peruntukan permukiman perdesaan. Pada masing-masing peraturan tersebut mengatur terkait perijinan pengembangan perumahan, intensitas bangunan, Sarana dan prasarana pendukung dan moda sarana angkutan masal, pengembangan Fasilitas Lainnya dan Larangan pengembangan lahan.Kata kunci: Aglomerasi, Konurbasi, Perumahan permukiman lintas daerah.ABSTRACTAgglomeration of an area is often caused by the conurbation of an area which is influenced by the development of housing and settlement areas in an area so that there is a need for directions related to land use and control of housing development and settlement areas, especially those in cross-district / municipal areas in Kalimantan Province. East. The purpose of this research is that there is no difference in the concept of urban spatial development and settlements in the cross-regency / municipal area, and that more detailed utilization and control plans can be realized, namely quality and sustainable housing and settlement areas. The method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, sourced from secondary data and primary data. The directions for the integrated use and control of housing development and settlement areas across regencies / municipalities are regulated in a zoning regulation which is divided into two designations, namely areas designated for urban settlements and areas designated for rural settlements. Each of these regulations regulates housing development licensing, building intensity, supporting facilities and infrastructure and mass transportation modes, development of other facilities and prohibition of land development.Keywords: Agglomeration, Conurbation and Housing Inter-regional settlements.
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Anas Ismail, Febrin, Jati Sunaryati, and Deded Eka Sahputra. "Optimum Structural Design of Self-Supported Shelter for Tsunami Evacuation in Padang City." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015605013.
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A Self-Supported Shelter is a building that has an area about 100 m2 to 1000 m2 designated as a temporary vertical shelter for tsunami evacuation. The Self-Supported Shelter is built and managed by the community. That size of shelter is fit for mosques or mushollas (small Mosques) which is about 700 units spreading in the districts of Padang City. The Self-Supported Shelters are proposed since the number of vertical shelter is very limited at the moment. There are only four vertical shelters available in Padang City which are built by Government with capacity 2000-3000 people. Meanwhile, there is at least 600,000 people of Padang City must be evacuated in case of tsunami. There are four reasons for proposing the mosques or mushollas to be vertical shelters: First, that kind of building are available to small sub-district. Second, the land may be free to be developed. Third, they have an organization chosen by the community. Forth, it is easy to get construction funding for the religion reason. However, the community does not have guidance for developing a shelter for tsunami evacuation. This study is purposing to develop the optimum design of shelter in term of structural analysis. Here, the shelters are categorized into three types base on the area of the mosque or musholla: 10m x10m, 20m x20m and 30m x30m. Frame Structural Systems are used for the main structure of the building with or without the bracing system are involved. The optimum structural design is taken based on the strongest structure to restrain the applied loads. The soil-structure interaction analysis is also considered in to get a more reliable design. The results of the study may be used to guide the communities to build a proper shelter in their area
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Lukaitis, V. Yu, and S. Yu Glushkov. "Autonomous power generation facilities, hybrid structures comprising renewable energy sources." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-2-111-120.
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Introduction: the implementation of land development programmes in the polar regions, Siberia andFar East turns more complex due to power shortages in these areas. High electric energy rates and the need to maintain special purpose buildings encourage engineers to develop autonomous energy supply systems.Methods: the co-authors have analyzed several types of autonomous power supply facilities and series of autonomous power supply units designated for the power supply to the production machinery installed as part of various economic and special-purpose facilities, located at a long distance from industrial sources of electric energy.Findings and discussion: the co-authors present an algorithm for the selection of the configuration of an autonomous power supply system. The co-authors employ the findings of their analysis to substantiate the choice of a solar power station as a supplementary source of energy used as part of hybrid power generation systems.Conclusion: the algorithm developed by the co-authors may be used to design an efficient autonomous power supply system comprising hybrid units.
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Krishnappa, Lalitha. "Worker safety in Designated Microscopy Centers (DMC) and Tuberculosis unit (TU) under Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme (RNTCP) in state of Bihar – Contribution & Role of DTST." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.6647.
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Damien Foundation India Trust (DFIT), one of the members of International Federation of Anti-Leprosy associations (ILEP) are involved in providing technical and financial support in leprosy and TB control through its projects spread across the country. While support to leprosy control started way back in 1982 through its own project, support to TB control started only in 2003. This study was part of evaluation taken to assess the role of DTST in achieving the planned objectives and to assess the impact of DFIT’s involvement in TB control. To assess the current status of worker safety in DMC/TUs of RNTCP centers in state of Bihar and the role and contribution of DTST in ensuring the same. This cross sectional evaluation study was undertaken in randomly selected 8 DMCs/ TUs in rural areas of two districts of Bihar state in 2007. Evaluation was done using pre-tested observational checklist and personal discussions with key personnel. Evaluation included assessment of role & contribution of DTST with respect to infrastructure & resource availability; Training and capacity building; Practice regarding safe disposal of infected materials & worker safety. Most of the civil works was complete in functional DMC/ TUs visited. Sharp pits for sharp disposal were available in only 50% of DMCs/TUs. Staffing position complete to nearly 80%. DTST role in capacity building training, infrastructure availably and monitoring of the programme has been remarkable. However there is a need to emphasis on importance of the worker safety and universal precautions during training. Effective implementation of clearly laid down National guidelines & policy keeping in lieu of the worker safety is the need of the hour when the programme gets streamlined in the general health system.
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Loma, Aleksandar. "Kiljan 'Stone stuck into the ground': A dalmato-romance relic in Montenegro?" Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 65 (2009): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0965089l.
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The word kiljan / kiljan, -a (Variants: kiljen, kiljas) is found in the most parts of Montenegro; its area ranges over the border between Zeta - and East-Herzegovina dialects of Serbian. Of its five meanings, three are to be considered peripheral (building block (of limestone) in SW, target in a game in NW), or occasional (hill). The core meaning of the word seem to be 'a stone stuck into the ground', to mark something, either a boundary between the fields or a place of somebody's violent death (shifting to 'gravestone'). Of these two usages, the former may claim the priority, ancient boundary stones being often reinterpreted, in local legends, as memorial ones. Indeed marking the land parcels with stones was unfamiliar to the ancient Slavs (Common Slavic *medja land boundary is usually a hedge, a grove, a path or a furrow), but characteristic of Mediterranean countries with their scarcity of arable land; for the ancient Greeks, it is attested since the Homeric epoch, and was practiced by the Romans too, which suggests a possible Romance source of the word in question. Significantly enough, this practice is attested by the Old Serbian charters only for Zeta, a SW Montenegrian region where kiljan is the proper term for this kind of landmarks (in a charter from 1316, it is not explicitly mentioned, but described by kamy ukopan stone dug into the ground). The word kiljan has no convincing etymology so far Illyrian one proposed by Petar Skok in his etymological dictionary is made up out of thin air, and a possible interpretation based on (Balto)Slavic facts (Lith. ku?lis 'stone', Common Slavic **kyl- as a variant of *k?l- eyetooth tusk; crag') highly improbable as well. However, the Old Dalmatian, a Romance language extinct since the end of 19th century, provides a plausible source with its continuation of the Latin word columna 'column, pillar', which is kilauna; and the SCr forms kelomna / kelovna in Ragusa (Dubrovnik), kilovna in the Bay of Cattaro (Kotor) in today's Montenegro must go back to a similar Romance form. Although the details of vocalism are not clear, especially the development in the penultimate, the derivation kiljan columna seems highly probable in view of the fact that in medieval Latin sources from Dalmatia the same thing - a boundary stone - is designated by colonella, a derivative from Lat. columna.
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Mrówczyńska, Maria, Małgorzata Sztubecka, Marta Skiba, Anna Bazan-Krzywoszańska, and Przemysław Bejga. "The Use of Artificial Intelligence as a Tool Supporting Sustainable Development Local Policy." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 3, 2019): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154199.
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This paper addresses the problem of noise in spa protection areas. Its aim is to determine the delimitation of the areas that exceed a permissible noise level around the sanatorium on the example of a health resort in Inowrocław. The determination of the exceedance of permissible noise levels allows us to develop directly effective local policy tools to be included in planning documents. In order to reduce noise infiltration, it is important to define environmental priorities. Taking into account their impact on the health of users in the protection area, environmental priorities enable us to introduce additional elements to street architecture. In order to properly manage space, in accordance with the idea of sustainable development, zones of environmental sensitivity—and their socio-environmental vulnerability—have been designated for assessing damage (exceeding permissible noise in health facilities) and defining methods of building resilience (proper management). This has provided the basis for a natural balance optimized for the people living in these areas. To achieve the goal above, non-linear support vector machine (SVM) networks were used. This technique allows us to classify the linearly inseparable data and to determine the optimal separation margin. The boundaries of the areas which exceeded permissible noise levels (separation margin) were estimated on the basis of noise pollution maps, created by means of the SVM technique. Thus, the study results in establishing buffer zones where it is possible to use varied land utilization in terms of form and function, as described in the planning documents. Such an activity would limit the spread of noise.
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Korshunova, Ol'ga Nikolaevna, and Svetlana Igorevna Koryachentsova. "Certain aspects of organization of prosecutorial supervision over the execution of laws on minors in the area of urban planning." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 1 (January 2021): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2021.1.33743.
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This article addresses the questions of prosecutorial assessment of the validity of territorial planning documents and allocation of the facilities for minors. The need to take into account violations in development of the territorial planning documents is substantiated. The subject of this research is the theoretical and legal framework of prosecutorial supervision over the execution of laws in the area of urban planning. The object is the legal relations established in organization and implementation of prosecutorial supervision in this sphere. The goal is set to analyze the conformity of urban planning legislation based on the existing theoretical provisions on organization and implementation of prosecutorial supervision. The novelty of this work lies in formulation of recommendations of evidence-based recommendations on observance of rights and legitimate interests of minors, which can be ensured directly in building and reconstruction of the facilities designated for educational institutions, and indirectly – through optimization of allocation of the objects of residential construction, transport and utility systems, beautification of cities, improvement of the state of urban environment. The need is substantiated for intensification of prosecutorial oversight in this regard, including the use of relevant achievements in the theory of prosecutorial activity and scientifically grounded methodological recommendations on interrelated directions of oversight activity. In conclusion, it is noted that in the conditions of expansion of urban construction, prosecutorial branches should implement preventive supervision and measures for remedying violations; an important factor for the effective oversight in the indicated sphere is the knowledge in various branches of law (urban planning, land, environmental, budget, civil, etc.).
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Shih, Naai-Jung, and Yi-Ting Qiu. "The Morphology of Evolved Urban Fabric around Farm Ponds." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030437.
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Resilience, water-based ecosystems, and regional urbanization are closely related. Ponds, as a part of water-based ecosystems, are subject to the indicators of urbanization. The farm ponds in Taoyuan, Taiwan, represent a sustainable fulfillment of irrigation demand and are a system that has been resilient to the topological change in plate elevation over time. The old system was developed in three stages and gradually replaced by canals and reservoirs, with lands abolished or demolished for other purposes. This study aimed to investigate the resilience of farm ponds based on a quantitative estimation of the morphologically evolved urban fabric. Based on five types of map resources, case studies were made on the ponds located near or away from the Green Line of the Taoyuan Rapid Transit System in order to explore their potential relationship with urbanization and the concept of transit-oriented development (TOD). The results show high dynamics of land-use changes while each one was surrounded by a specific urban fabric and contributed to the individual history, designated role, and major type of buildings developed. Quantitative estimation made from satellite images found the developing patterns of resilience in different convergence stages. Each of the four pond cases represents a different stage and application pattern to the integration of water and urban resilience and, in the meantime, maintains the old pond culture. The verification of the water surface area was compared between former 3D scans and satellite images.
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FATERYGA, ALEXANDER V., SERGEY P. IVANOV, and YURY I. BUDASHKIN. "First data on the bionomics of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus (Morawitz, 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)." Zootaxa 4312, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4312.2.9.
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Nesting of Brachyodynerus magnificus magnificus was studied in the Crimea on saline land. The nests were horizontal or inclined burrows excavated by females in lateral walls of soil cracks developed on clay ground substrate. Structure of three nests was examined; they were located in cracks 6–7 cm in depth and 0.5–1.5 cm in width; nest entrances were opened at depths of 2.5–4 cm; they were simple round openings without entrance turrets or any other structures. Two nests were abandoned by females and both had burrows 19 mm long; the third one was complete and had a burrow 33 mm long divided by transverse mud partitions onto three cells 8–10 mm long and a vestibular cell 2 mm long stopped by a final mud plug. The cells were not different from other parts of the nest burrow. Females used a liquid sucked out from succulent leaves of two halophitic plant species of the family Chenopodiaceae during nest building and did not visit any open water sources. Females hunted for caterpillars of a single species of coleophorid moth, Aporiptura ochroflava; 22–27 caterpillars were stored in each cell. Adult feeding was recorded on flowers of eight plant species, but the main nectar source was flowers of Limonium scoparium. Males spent their time feeding on flowers and searching for females at nesting and hunting sites. The species probably has two generations per year and we observed the nesting of the second generation. The distribution of the species is summarized; its presence in East Europe is confirmed. The lectotype of Odynerus magnificus Morawitz, 1867 is designated.
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Isfani, Isfani, Ismail AB, and Nizamuddin Nizamuddin. "Study of Community Capacity Enhancement in Fire Disaster Mitigation in Kuta Alam Sub-District, Banda Aceh." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.708.
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Kuta Alam Subdistrict is one of the subdistricts in the Banda Aceh city that has a risk of fire disasters. This is because this area is a residential area with a moderate category. Semi-permanent buildings and temporary constructions are still at high risk of fire often found in the area. Based on the results of interviews with the Banda Aceh Fire and Rescue Service, there were 27 fire incidents from 2014 to 2017, of which 12 houses were burned down, 2 schools, 3 office units, and 10 other public facilities affected by the fire. This research is needed to improve the ability of people to prevent and protect themselves, especially in pre-disaster conditions so that they can reduce the fire incidence. The community capabilities in fire disaster mitigation are the methods used in this study. Subdistrict consist of optimizing land use in city development, minimizing street parking, increasing green open space, increasing the ability of water sources and wet towel / clothes as a method of fire outage if there is a small fire at home, access information about procedures for firing and providing early warning, and must be able to evacuate to the designated location.
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Wang, Yeqiao, Zhong Lu, Yongwei Sheng, and Yuyu Zhou. "Remote Sensing Applications in Monitoring of Protected Areas." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091370.
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Protected areas (PAs) have been established worldwide for achieving long-term goals in the conservation of nature with the associated ecosystem services and cultural values. Globally, 15% of the world’s terrestrial lands and inland waters, excluding Antarctica, are designated as PAs. About 4.12% of the global ocean and 10.2% of coastal and marine areas under national jurisdiction are set as marine protected areas (MPAs). Protected lands and waters serve as the fundamental building blocks of virtually all national and international conservation strategies, supported by governments and international institutions. Some of the PAs are the only places that contain undisturbed landscape, seascape and ecosystems on the planet Earth. With intensified impacts from climate and environmental change, PAs have become more important to serve as indicators of ecosystem status and functions. Earth’s remaining wilderness areas are becoming increasingly important buffers against changing conditions. The development of remote sensing platforms and sensors and the improvement in science and technology provide crucial support for the monitoring and management of PAs across the world. In this editorial paper, we reviewed research developments using state-of-the-art remote sensing technologies, discussed the challenges of remote sensing applications in the inventory, monitoring, management and governance of PAs and summarized the highlights of the articles published in this Special Issue.
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Jolley, Victoria. "The rural super city - Central Lancashire New Town." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196305003.
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From 1950 rural Lancashire, in England, became the focus of a major renewal scheme to accommodate population overspill from nearby cities of Liverpool and Manchester. Over a period of 15 years the initial proposal for a series of self-contained new towns progressed into an ambitious scheme for a single polycentric “supercity” for 500,000 people. Known as Central Lancashire New Town and designed by RMJM, this part-realised development was the last and largest New Town designated under the 1965 Act. Its theoretical urban pattern, which followed new and proposed infrastructure, was unique. Based on a ladder system this straddled rich agricultural land and declining post-industrial townscapes to unify and expand existing settlements with the aim of generating prosperity on a sub-regional scale. CLNT was not completed but its planning phases can be traced across Lancashire’s urban and rural landscapes by built communications networks and city-scale public and civic buildings. Referencing three different new town typologies this paper will outline the project’s evolution and identify the impact that designing for the motorcar and future change had on the provision of green space. This research has been undertaken using previously “closed” archival resources and architectural journal and local press articles.
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Spence, John R., David W. Langor, Joshua M. Jacobs, Timothy T. Work, and W. Jan A. Volney. "Conservation of forest-dwelling arthropod species: simultaneous management of many small and heterogeneous risks." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 4 (August 2008): 510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-ls05.
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AbstractThe Canadian insect fauna is too inadequately understood to support well-informed assessments about its conservation status; however, the foregoing collection of synthetic papers illustrates potential threats from industrial forestry. Loss of forest species and dramatic changes in forest insect assemblages driven by forestry activities are well illustrated by studies from places where industrial forest management has been more intensive or of longer duration. Improved understanding of how arthropod species are coupled to habitats, especially microhabitats, appears to be central to progress toward their conservation. Studies of arthropods conducted at the species level are most relevant for applied conservation purposes, because only species-level work that is well documented with voucher specimens provides adequate comparative data to document faunal change. Although taxonomic infrastructure required to support such work is seriously under-resourced in Canada, entomologists can help themselves by producing useful modern resources for species identification, by undertaking collaborative biodiversity work that minimizes the split between taxonomists and ecologists, and by supporting incentives for work at the species level. Securing the future of arthropod diversity in Canadian forests through effective policy will require sound regionally defined bases for whole-fauna conservation that mesh with broader land-use planning. Building these will require a practical understanding of how “ecosite”-classification systems relate to arthropod diversity, accurate inventories of the predisturbance forest fauna in all regions, and development of sound monitoring plans designed to both detect faunal change efficiently and identify its drivers. Such monitoring plans should include both baseline inventories and monitoring of designated control areas. In addition, effective biomonitoring efforts will facilitate the development of suites of arthropod indicators, accommodate both seasonal (especially phenological) and annual variation, clarify the relationship between cost-effective samples and reality, and ensure adequate consideration of “rare” species. Return on investment in monitoring will depend on effective preplanned linkage to policy development that can respond to drivers of faunal change in a way that effectively addresses undesired changes.
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Harig, Oliver, Robert Hecht, Dirk Burghardt, and Gotthard Meinel. "Automatic Delineation of Urban Growth Boundaries Based on Topographic Data Using Germany as a Case Study." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050353.
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Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is a growth management policy that designates specific areas where growth should be concentrated in order to avoid urban sprawl. The objective of such a boundary is to protect agricultural land, open spaces and the natural environment, as well as to use existing infrastructure and public services more efficiently. Due to the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of settlements, UGBs in Germany are currently created manually by experts. Therefore, every dataset is linked to a specific area, investigation period and dedicated use. Clearly, up-to-date, homogeneous, meaningful and cost-efficient delineations created automatically are needed to avoid this reliance on manually or semi-automatically generated delineations. Here, we present an aggregative method to produce UGBs using building footprints and generally available topographic data as inputs. It was applied to study areas in Frankfurt/Main, the Hanover region and rural Brandenburg while taking full account of Germany’s planning and legal framework for spatial development. Our method is able to compensate for most of the weaknesses of available UGB data and to significantly raise the accuracy of UGBs in Germany. Therefore, it represents a valuable tool for generating basic data for future studies. Application elsewhere is also conceivable by regionalising the employed parameters.
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Scribner, R. W. "Communalism: universal category or ideological construct? a debate in the historiography of early modern Germany and Switzerland." Historical Journal 37, no. 1 (March 1994): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0001476x.
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One of the most challenging historical debates in early modern German history of recent years has been the ‘communalism thesis’ propounded by Peter Blickle, a German historian now teaching in Bern. The term ‘communalism’ was coined to designate attempts to achieve autonomous self-government in town and country during the Reformation period, and draws on an older historiographical tradition which stressed an inherent dualism at all levels of constitutional development between a corporate principle and one based on domination (Herrschaft). The former was founded on the equality of all members sharing common rights and obligations in a form of collective association. In late-medieval Germany the basic form of association in both town and country was the commune (Gemeinde), which possessed, or sought to possess, autochthonous rights to regulate its own affairs. This included the administration of justice, maintenance of peace within the community, economic functions such as distribution of common land or grazing, administration of church finances and church fabric, and in some places communal appointment of pastors. All these communal functions were justified by an appeal to the ideal of the ‘common good’ (gemein nutz), to which all individual self-interest (eigen nutz) was to be strictly subordinate. Thus, the commune appeared to be a fundamental building block of premodern German society.
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Sharma, Arpan. "Displacement from Protected Areas and its implications for conservation and livelihoods-The case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh." Social Change 33, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570303300307.
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The designation of Protected Areas (PAs) for biodiversity conservation has had negative implications for communities that derive their sustenance from such areas. Apart from restrictions on resource use, there have also been instances of people being displaced from areas that they had inhabited and that had been designated subsequently as PAs. Movements for greater justice and rights of marginal communities, have been iing the destitution that displacement wreaks on communities, particularly tribals. The present paper describes in detail, an ongoing resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) exercise from the Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh in terms of the rehabilitation package offered and the process of R&R. It also discusses the impacts that the displacement has had on the lives of the community in question. Finally, the implications of such relocation attempts for wildlife conservation are discussed. While the rehabilitation package offered in the case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, as well as the overall attitude of the agency that carried out the relocation, seems to have been a significant improvement over previously recorded instances of such exercises, it emerges that displacement has nevertheless had a significant negative impact on the livelihood of the people, at least in the short run. So far, the R&R exercise has been unsatisfactory with respect to several aspects such as identification of suitable land for resettlement, comprehensive inclusion of beneficiary families, assistance to tide over uncertain agricultural output and incomes during the relocation period, provision of alternatives to fodder and non-timber forest resources previously available from forests and creation of communications and road networks for resettled villages. It would require sustained investments by government and non-government agencies, in the medium to long run, for the displaced community to be able to reconstruct livelihoods and regain socio-economic levels that prevailed inside the sanctuary. An important lesson emerging from the Kuno experience is that trauma to the community could be mitigated if the implementing agency concentrates right from the start on genuine mobilisation, and investment in building the community's capacity to deal with the drastic changes that displacement entails.
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Iheukwumere, Emmanuel, David Moore, and Temitope Omotayo. "Investigatingthe challenges of refinery construction in Nigeria: A snapshot across two-timeframes over the past 55 years." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm100120-46-72.
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he sub-optimal performance of state-owned refineries in Nigeria has led to a significant gap in the supply of refined petroleum products (RPPs) in the country. More so, the growing demand for these products has further widened the gap to the range of 500,000 –600,000 barrels per day (bpd). Consequently, most of the imports for RPPs in Nigeria are being filled from the United States and North-Western Europe at the expense of the Nigerian economy. However, given the abundance of petroleum resources in Nigeria and its long history in the production of oil, it is unfortunate that the local refineries are hardly maintained to meet the needs of the local population. In addition, the inability of the Nigerian state to build additional refining capacity to cushion its domestic supply gap for RPPs has become a major concern. With more than 40 licenses issued to private companies since 2002, only two companies (Niger Delta Petroleum Resources Refinery and Dangote Oil Refinery) have made noticeable progress in new refinery construction.This paper is focused on investigating the current challenges of refinery construction in Nigeria. This is done with a view of comparing the drivers and enablers of productivity in construction in this sector during the period of 1965 –1989 and how they differ from the current period of 2000 -2019 in Nigeria.A systematic literature review within the academic journals, source documents from the industry, relevant interviews from published news media and consulting organisations were used to identify and categorise these challenges. The findings of this study were validated by interviews from experts across key industries in this sector.The study reveals that change of ownership structures from the government sector to the private sector between the two eras, present additional challenges. These challenges cut across availability of capital, inconsistent government priorities and access to land for construction. Others include cronyism and corruption, weak political will, unstructured refinery licensing scheme, security challenges and economic factors regarding the regulated downstream market inNigeria. Key recommendations proffered to help solve these problems include a private sector-led partnership with the government in the form of public private partnerships (PPPs), a review of existing methods for licensing refineries for private organisations, the development of local manpower with relevant technical skills to help lower the cost of expatriate labour and the establishment of more designated clusters as free trade zones within the oil-producing Niger Delta. These recommendations will help lower the entry barriers for private organisations in this sector
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Wallace, Jude, and Ian Williamson. "Building land markets." Land Use Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2006): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.07.003.
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Latukhina, A. L., and Ju A. Marinina. "Professional portrait of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language: competence-based approach." Vestnik of Minin University 8, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2020-8-4-4.
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Introduction. One of the urgent problems of modern education is building a professional competence model of a specialist in order to increase the effectiveness of training and the formation of professional competencies necessary for a successful entry into the profession. From this point of view, the description of a professional portrait of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language will contribute to the most effective design of educational programs in this area of training.Materials and Methods. In the course of the work, theoretical and empirical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, juxtaposition, scientific theorization.Results.In the preparation of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language, two models were initially laid down: when the teacher is a native speaker and when he himself learns Russian as a foreign language and subsequently broadcasts the acquired knowledge to foreign students. The main difference between these portraits of teachers is the presence of a foreign language communicative competence in the training of foreign language teachers, as well as the formation and improvement of a foreign language reading competence. At the same time, the common, uniting both models, are the psychological, pedagogical, methodological, intercultural and acmeological competences, which constitute the portrait of Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language. The designated competencies made it possible to formulate professional competencies in educational programs in the direction of training «Pedagogical education» at the bachelor's and master's degrees at the Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin (44.03.01 «Russian as a foreign language» and 44.04.01 «Teaching Russian as a foreign language») and the corresponding sets of regulatory documents. Discussion and Conclusions. Teacher of Russian as a foreign language being a translator of Russian culture, it should be a competent, erudite, tolerant, ready for intercultural communication, striving for constant professional improvement, having both general pedagogical and specialized competencies.
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Andersen, Hans Thor, and Sten Engelstoft. "Land and Building Values." Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 95, no. 1 (January 1995): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00167223.1995.10649364.
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Rome, Adam W. "Building on the Land." Journal of Urban History 20, no. 3 (May 1994): 407–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614429402000305.
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Woodman, Gordon R. "Land Title Registration Without Prejudice: The Ghana Land Title Registration Law, 1986." Journal of African Law 31, no. 1-2 (1987): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009281.
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Professor Antony Allott's first studies of law in Africa were of Ghanaian land law. From an early date he has discussed issues of land title registration in Africa. It is therefore fitting in this celebratory number to note that Ghana, after many years of debate and delays, recently enacted a statute providing for the registration of interests in land throughout the country. It is planned that the Land Title Registration Law, 1986 (P.N.D.C.L. 152) (hereafter “the Law”) will be brought into operation in stages as areas are successively designated “registration districts”. It is expected to begin with Accra “and designated agricultural areas”, according to the Memorandum to the Law. When an area is so designated, the Chief Registrar of Lands will be obliged forthwith to call upon all persons claiming interests in land therein to present their claims. Those proven, after adjudication if necessary, will be registered, and the register will be conclusive. All subsequent changes in the holding of interests are to be effectuated through changes in the register. The Land Title Registration Regulations, 1986 (L.I. 1341) have already been made to provide in more detail for the procedures to be followed.This contribution attempts to provide a brief, critical summary of the central features of the Law. It considers these in the context of the historical development of Ghanaian land law, and contrasts them with features of certain other schemes which have been implemented or proposed.