Journal articles: 'Land dispossessions'

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Makwanise, Ndakaitei, and Mehluli Masuku. "GENDER AND LAND DISPOSSESSION IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE OF THE NDEBELE AT ESIGODINI AREA 1893â€“2003." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 1 (September 22, 2016): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/1579.

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The Ndebele ethnic group in Zimbabwe has probably experienced more land dispossessions than any other ethnic group stretching from the 1890s with the coming of the whites. Most of this history,unfortunately, is not well documented. Based on an oral history approach, this article focuses on the gendered dimension of land dispossession. It seeks to answer questions such as: do men and women view land ownership and land issues in the same way? Did the land dispossessions, which took place for more than one hundred years in Zimbabwe particularly in the Ndebele ethnic group, affect the way land is viewed gender wise? The article further sought to find out how women have been historically marginalised or emancipated in the community. Given the importance of land in any culture, the article seeks to find out how a shift in the way land is viewed gender wise can improve the lives of many in the Ndebele ethnic group. The research was conducted in Esikhoveni Village in Esigodini, Matabeleland-South. It was based on oral history, targeting the headmen and other elders noted for their wisdom and knowledge of the area. A total of sixteen interviews were conducted using judgemental and snowball strategies. The article reveals that land was considered an important resource in the area. Women had limited opportunities for land ownership in the village. Culture and tradition were still dominant over legal provisions when it comes to land and gender issues. The article recommends a new and more rigorous approach by the government and other stakeholders to change the cultural and traditional perceptions of the rural communities in order to achieve gender balance regarding land ownership and allocation.

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Makwanise, Ndakaitei, and Mehluli Masuku. "GENDER AND LAND DISPOSSESSION IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE OF THE NDEBELE AT ESIGODINI AREA, 1893â€“2003." Oral History Journal of South Africa 3, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/335.

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Â The Ndebele tribe in Zimbabwe has probably experienced more land dispossessions than any other tribe, beginning the 1890s with the arrival of the whites. Most of this history, unfortunately, is not well documented. Based on an oral history approach, this article focuses on the gendered dimensions of land dispossession. It seeks to answer questions such as: Do men and women view land ownership and land issues in the same way? Did the land dispossessions that took place for more than one hundred years in Zimbabwe, particularly in the Ndebele tribe, affect the way land is viewed in terms of gender? The research further sought to find out how women have been historically marginalised or emancipated in the community. Given the importance of land in any culture, the research also seeks to find out how a shift in the way land is viewed, in terms of gender, can improve the lives of many in the Ndebele tribe. The research was conducted in Esikhoveni Village in Esigodini, Matabeleland South. It was based on oral history, targeting the headmen and other elders noted for their wisdom and knowledge of the area. A total of sixteen (16) informants were interviewed using judgemental and snowball strategies. The study revealed that land was considered an important resource in the area. Women had limited opportunities for land ownership in the village. Culture and tradition were still dominant over legal provisions when it came to land and gender issues. The study recommends a new and more rigorous approach by the government and other stakeholders to change the cultural and traditional perceptions of the rural communities in order to achieve a gender balance regarding land ownership and allocation.

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Adams, Ellis A., Elias D. Kuusaana, Abubakari Ahmed, and Benjamin B. Campion. "Land dispossessions and water appropriations: Political ecology of land and water grabs in Ghana." Land Use Policy 87 (September 2019): 104068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104068.

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Tramontana, Enzamaria. "The Contribution of the Inter-American Human Rights Bodies to Evolving International Law on Indigenous Rights over Lands and Natural Resources." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 17, no. 2 (2010): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181110x495881.

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AbstractBecause of the special relationship with land that characterises indigenous groups, rights over land and natural resources are at the heart of indigenous claims under international law. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court have developed a copious jurisprudence on the subject matter and contributed to the establishment of certain minimum indigenous peoples' land rights under customary international law. This article analyses the Inter-American judicial discourse on land issues in the light of the current status of relevant international law and reflects upon the potential contribution of the former to the further development of the latter. It focuses on the relationship between historical dispossessions and indigenous contemporary land claims, on the state duty to land delimitation, demarcation and titling, and on indigenous peoples' ownership over natural resources located within their traditional lands and their participatory rights in relation to resource exploitation.

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Alexander, Gregory S. "The Complexities of Land Reparations." Law & Social Inquiry 39, no. 04 (2014): 874–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12043.

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The question whether unjust dispossessions of land perpetrated on whole peoples in the past should be corrected by restitution in kind, that is, granting reparations in the form of returning land to the dispossessed former owners or their present‐day successors, is substantially more complex than the questions posed by other forms of reparations. I argue that the complexities involved in all the situations where claims for land reparations are made to correct historic injustices give us good reasons to be hesitant about granting such claims. At the same time, we should not dismiss such claims out of hand. Reparations that take a form other than restitution of dispossessed land may be both necessary and sufficient to establish a public marker of acknowledgment.

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Ayers, Amber. "Idealism “Must Not Blind Us”: British Legislators and the Palestine Mandate, 1929-1934." Illumine: Journal of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Society Graduate Students Association 12, no. 1 (November 14, 2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/illumine121201313322.

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In Mandate Palestine during the 1920s and 1930s, the British sought to establish a legal system for the new political entity. This task was fraught with difficulty, as the British soon discovered. Events in Palestine often occurred in such an extreme manner that the British officials could not establish control. As a result of the failure of the legal system to address the new realities on the ground, these officials were often in a position where all they could do was respond to emergencies, as was the case following the Arab Revolt in August of 1929. Despite the fact that much of what occurred on the ground in Mandate Palestine, particularly with regard to land transactions and dispossessions, often occurred outside of British control, officials were acutely aware of the realities facing the Arab agricultural cultivators being threatened with dispossession. The difficulty the British had in suppressing the violence drew attention to their lack of authority over the land question that was creating tensions between the Arab and the Jewish populations. In examining minute sheets of the Colonial Office and correspondence between British officials, it becomes clear that these officials were aware of the impossibility of resolving the contradiction inherent in their position. This paper seeks to examine British responses immediately following the 1929 Revolt to show that the British accurately perceived the problems as they existed on the ground in Palestine but were unable to take actions against them. This will demonstrate the extent to which the failures of the Mandate, with regard to preventing dispossessions, was a failure of the legal system as a whole rather than the result of any individual shortcomings of the officials in control of the territory.

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Nustad, Knut G., and Frode Sundnes. "The nature of the land: the Dukuduku forest and the Mfolozi flats, KwaZulu-Natal." Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 3 (August 8, 2013): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x13000396.

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ABSTRACTGreen-grabbing has recently been suggested as a label for describing processes of dispossessions undertaken in the name of conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. For the case examined here, the Dukuduku forest and the Mfolozi flats in northern KwaZulu-Natal, we will argue that the label obscures more than it helps illuminate the complex processes leading up to the present-day struggle over land rights. The land in question has been subjected to a number of different land uses in the past: hunting, conservation, commercial agriculture and small-scale agriculture. We show how contestation over desirable future land use options lies at the heart of the problems raised by an ongoing land claim to the forest.

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Suchy, Jonasz. "Czy prawo własności nieruchomości w Polsce jest nadal prawem własności?" Ekonomia 25, no. 3 (November 15, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.3.5.

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Is legal estate in land still legal according to Polish law?The aim of the article is to investigate the possibility of implementing Murray Rothbard’s concept of absolute property right in Polish civil procedure. The historical background of this reflection is the time of dispossessions and the policies undertaken by the Polish communist government toward rightful owners of immovable property living in post-war Warsaw. The process of dispossessions was based on the edict imposed by the president of Poland at that time, Bolesław Bierut. Therefore, another aim of the study is to examine the results of Bierut’s edict, including its substantive and procedural legal effects. Furthermore, the article has shown the advantages of primal ownership rule as a fundamental and arbitrary title to being an owner of real estate as the non-aggression principle would be restored. By taking these assumptions under consideration, the author wants to highlight that the undertaken dispossessions were lawless in the normative as well as ethical view. The logical consequence of the abovementioned philosophy is the thesis that the attitude toward this issue of recent Polish governments, which have not done anything to enable legal owners to get their ownerships back from the state, could not be tolerated as it was also unlawful. Moreover, if the Polish government had acted according to the law, the rightful owners of dispossessed legal estate would have received a convenient way to regain their property as well an opportunity to demand payment and compensation.By referring to the concept of absolute property right, the author wishes to indicate that each act of dispossession undertaken by using governmental force was unlawful as it could not be justified by ethical rules of natural law. It has also been concluded that it would be worth deliberating the implementation into Polish civil procedure of an institution which would allow owners who had lost their ownership to regain their right to property. Such proceedings would remain valid not just inter partes between the parties but also erga omnes toward all.The article is also supplemented with a reflection of the economic effects of Bierut’s edict while taking into consideration the policy’s influence upon the possibility of conducting a rational economic calculation.

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Richland, Justin B. "Dignity as (Self-)Determination: Hopi Sovereignty in the Face of US Dispossessions." Law & Social Inquiry 41, no. 04 (2016): 917–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12191.

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In 2013, the Arizona Snowbowl Ski Resort began spraying artificial snow made from reclaimed wastewater on Arizona's highest peak, a place the Hopi people call Nuvatukya'ovi, “Snow-on-top-of-it.” As one of the Hopis' most sacred places, the home of the katsinam and the southwestern boundary marker of their aboriginal territory, the Hopi have fought for decades to stop development of the ski resort, which today sits on US Forest Service land. Viewing the history of this dispute through the lens of Atuahene's notion of a “dignity taking,” this article argues that despite never having been relocated, the indignities that the Hopi have suffered by US dispossessions of much of their aboriginal territory are the product of a series of bureaucratic sleights of hand that only bear the mark of legality if one ignores history and denies the enduring right to self-determination and sovereignty that Hopi have continuously claimed with regard to the totality of their aboriginal land. Yuuyahiwa, Ayamo Nuvatukya'ove'e. Oo'oomawutu, angqw puma naayuwasinaya, pewi'i. They are preparing themselves [for a journey], Over there at the snow-capped mountains [San Francisco Peaks]. The clouds, From there, they are putting on their endowments [of rain power], To come here. A Hopi katsinam song recalled by Emory Sekaquaptewa (from Sekaquaptewa and Washburn, 2004, 468)

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Jones, Chris. "Plus Ça Change, Plus Ça Reste le Même? The New Zanzibar Land Law Project." Journal of African Law 40, no. 1 (1996): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300007105.

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The picture of pre-Protectorate and Protectorate land tenure that emerges from the reported judicial resolutions of land disputes in Zanzibar and the legislation introduced is that of overlapping interests in one and same parcel of land (such as planting banana trees on someone else's land), a charitable toleration of land occupation by persons who had little but their labour to subsist by (such as not having to pay rents on the Sultan's lands or waqf properties, or at least very little), mobility by way of settlement on unoccupied lands through negotiation or silent acquiescence without formalistic titles as a prerequisite, and a determination to protect land security for families or for the poor against Government taxes, private debt attachments or fragmentary inheritance rules (such as through waqf, perpetual trust). Alongside these elements were the commercial uses and dispositions of land, including outright sales and conditional sales for debts, and the assignment to trees of an economic value distinct from that of the land. Against this complex background the British Protectorate Government extended and consolidated its public land holdings, specifying how the land was to be used for what may be called the “aggregate economic welfare produced by … unequal distribution of resources”, regularizing the charging of rents, and gradually breaking down the security of waqf immovables. After the First World War, despite political stability, social instability relating to land tenure broke out and plagued the Protectorate to its end. There were major dispossessions from land resulting from the government's policy of protecting the landlord's right to charge rents and of allowing creditors to sell land for the purpose of recovering accumulated debts that could no longer be paid during economic depressions. The loss of access to land led to the loss of identification with the land.

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Hindeya, Tilahun Weldie. "Indigeneity of Peoples in the Context of Ethiopia: A Tool in the Pursuit of Justice Against Land Dispossessions." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27, no. 1 (February 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2019.0257.

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This article examines the relevance and appropriateness of identifying groups of peoples as indigenous in the context of Ethiopia. By drawing on the criteria of indigenous peoples formulated at the international and regional (African) levels, it contends that few groups, including the Anywaa, the Gumuz and the Afar, qualify as indigenous. Further, the article notes that recognising these groups as indigenous has far-reaching implications on their right to maintain access and ties to and control over their ancestral land.

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Mokoena, B. T., and J. P. Sebola. "A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION URBAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LAND EXPROPRIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A STRATEGIC APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-399-2020.

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Abstract. The land question in South Africa has been a long-standing issue for more than 360 years. Consequent to unjust legislation such as The Natives Land Act No.27 of 1913 to this day, there is a racial imbalance in the distribution of land ownership in South Africa. Coupled with the socio-economic and spatial segregative mandates of the apartheid-government to enrich the white minority, such unjust legislation fostered mass-land dispossessions and displacements of black people relocating them to peripheral areas known as ‘Bantu stands’ where they were further ethnically grouped in remote from socio-economic opportunities. The preceding has resulted in the impoverishment of the black people as they no longer had land – their primary source of livelihood. The limited access to land by black people remains true in post-apartheid South Africa.Since the dawn of democracy, limited access to urban land has coursed challenges for housing development. Spatial transformation towards socio-economic integration has also become problematic as large areas of strategically located land remain locked in the hands of the minorities. Thus, to realise the mandates of South Africa’s democratic government – equal access to land and opportunities, this land needs to be acquired, particularly for the previously disadvantaged, poor, and landless.As cities move towards being smart, this research will demonstrate the use of Evidence Based Planning (EBP) in order to assist Local Government to foster scientific decision making methods. The use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a method to develop a Strategic Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) as a Planning Support System (PSS) that will be used to investigate the best suitable land for possible expropriation. Various criteria such as proximity to road connectivity, proximity to current and future economic activity, proximity to public transport routes, dolomitic land, priority areas and proximity to city centres are some of the criteria selected for the research. The Strategic Spatial Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) enabled us to stream line significant criteria and processes that where specific to strategic urban development in the Benoni town situated in the City of Ekurhuleni using critical spatial policy and strategic objectives of the city.

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Nash, Margaret A. "Entangled Pasts: Land-Grant Colleges and American Indian Dispossession." History of Education Quarterly 59, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 437–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2019.31.

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Land-grant colleges were created in the mid-nineteenth century when the federal government sold off public lands and allowed states to use that money to create colleges. The land that was sold to support colleges was available because of a deliberate project to dispossess American Indians of land they inhabited. By encouraging westward migration, touting the “civilizing” influence of education, emphasizing agricultural and scientific education to establish international strength, and erasing Native rights and history, the land-grant colleges can be seen as an element of settler colonialism. Native American dispossession was not merely an unfortunate by-product of the establishment of land-grant colleges; rather, the colleges exist only because of a state-sponsored system of Native dispossession.

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Standfield, Rachel. "Archives of Protection." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 1 (2018): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.1.54.

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Aboriginal Protectorates operated in the late 1830s and 1840s in the Port Phillip District of New South Wales (later to become the colony of Victoria) in Australia and New Zealand. This article examines a small selection of the extensive archive of Port Phillip and New Zealand Protectorates to illustrate the ways that language and communication work within colonial projects to support and extend colonial authority. Examining language acquisition by Protectors, it places attitudes to and use of Indigenous languages within the context of colonialism in each site, arguing that Indigenous voices in New Zealand were co-opted, and in Port Phillip were marginalised, in the service of divergent approaches to dispossessing Indigenous peoples from their land. The article also explores glimpses of Māori or Aboriginal experiences of humanitarianism, colonisation, and dispossession captured in this archive.

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Koussa, Ziad. "The politics of public land dispossession in Egypt: 1975–2011 and beyond." Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 2 (June 2020): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x20000166.

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AbstractThis article examines changes in the allocation of urban land in Egypt between 1975–2011 with the rise and incorporation of state authoritarianism and neoliberal economics in what I call ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. Authoritarian neoliberalism in Egypt transferred ownership of urban lands from public wealth to an affluent class of local and foreign capitalists – often in a non-transparent fashion. The article focuses on the government's legally sanctioned practices of subsidisations, privatisations and evictions as they relate to what I call, inspired by David Harvey's formulation, the accumulation of wealth by dispossession. Dispossession of public urban land, I maintain, generated widespread resentment that played a vital, but inadequately discussed, role in the series of revolts that culminated in the 2011 uprising in Egypt. Social tensions engendered in this authoritarian neoliberal regime, I argue, endure under the administration of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who continues to transfer public urban lands, from lower to higher socioeconomic classes, at an even faster pace than his predecessor.

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Lightfoot, Natasha. "Disrepair, Distress, and Dispossession." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8604550.

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The crisis unleashed in Barbuda by Hurricane Irma in 2017 followed centuries of neglect by the British colonial state and then by the postcolonial government of its sister island, Antigua. Barbuda developed customary communal-land tenure as a result of its peculiarities in slavery and freedom, and this survival strategy has doubled as political and economic resistance to encroachment by Antigua, where private land ownership and uneven opportunity abound because of the unstable, cyclical nature of its main industry—tourism. Although Barbudans have long delimited tourism development and refused private land ownership, citing communal land as their shield, these issues have resurfaced in the rebuilding process after Hurricane Irma. Barbudans’ desires to maintain their previous way of life remain hampered by the Antiguan government’s disaster capitalist desires to reconstruct Barbuda as a resort paradise. This essay reveals how climate change, economic fragility, and uncertain sovereignty have collectively undermined Barbuda’s customary forms of independence, leaving dispossession in their wake.

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Kan, Karita. "The social politics of dispossession: Informal institutions and land expropriation in China." Urban Studies 57, no. 16 (February 13, 2020): 3331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019897880.

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Extant studies on land dispossession often focus on its economic and extra-economic aspects, with respective emphasis on the operation of market mechanisms and the deployment of state-led coercion in bringing about the separation of households from their land. This article draws attention to the under-examined role of informal institutions in the politics of dispossession. Social organisations such as lineages and clans pervade grassroots societies and are central to land control and configurations of property rights. In China, the reconsolidation of lineages as shareholding corporations that develop real estate and operate land transfers has rendered them prominent actors in the politics of land and urbanisation. Drawing on an empirical case study, this article argues that informal institutions play a crucial role in mediating both the economic and extra-economic processes of dispossession. It further shows how, by providing the networks necessary for collective mobilisation and supplying the normative framework through which rightful shares in land are claimed, social organisations are at the same time instrumental in the organisation of anti-dispossession struggles. By unravelling the social dynamics that underlie land expropriation, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the politics of dispossession that goes beyond narratives of state-led coercion and market compulsion.

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Whiteside, Heather. "The state’s estate: Devaluing and revaluing ‘surplus’ public land in Canada." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 505–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17723631.

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Since the mid-1990s, Canadian public real property (land, buildings, and equipment) has been subject to regular scrutiny through bureaucratic procedures aimed at ridding the state’s estate of all ‘surplus’ properties. Surplus is transferred to Canada Lands Company, a state owned enterprise charged with privatizing public land. Bureaucratic devaluation thus allows for subsequent revaluation through multiple forms of state-sponsored remediation: the physical, legal, and financial manipulation of public property by Canada Lands Company. Analyzing Canada Lands Company’s history, role, budgets, and activities, this article uncovers the particular dynamics of how Canadian public land is being privatized through devaluation and revaluation by the state. Two arguments of broader significance for literatures on the political economy of the state and public land frame the discussion: (1) Canada Lands Company’s activities speak to the important managerial role played by the (Canadian) state in the land dispossession process; and (2) Canada Lands Company’s treatment of surplus public land as a financial asset is a distinguishing feature of the Canadian public property management system, setting it apart from elsewhere.

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Unda, Mariana, and Andrés Etter. "Conservation Opportunities of the Land Restitution Program Areas in the Colombian Post-Conflict Period." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072048.

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The Land Restitution Program (LRP) is one of the greatest challenges for Colombia’s post-conflict period; it implies the recognition of the victims of dispossession or abandonment of lands and sets the discussion for future land use planning in these areas. The 1,119,959 Ha of LRP areas (August 2018) require knowledge of their state to promote land uses that favor the conservation of priority ecosystems and forest cover. Spatial and statistical analyzes where used to study the land-cover change in and around LRP areas at the national and regional level. An index of naturalness using a multi-criteria framework was used to identify important areas for conservation. Within areas, forest cover changes, resulting from deforestation and regeneration processes, decreased between 1990 and 2017. A total of 9.4% of their area show high naturalness, while 20% of them show high importance for conservation. The results show that, despite their dispossession/abandonment, these areas continued a deforestation process. Most of the areas show low naturalness, but conservation priorities can be identified in the Andes, Amazon, and Orinoco regions.

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Martin, Kathleen J. "Images, Land, and Places: Telling Indigenous Narratives and Histories." Numen 67, no. 2-3 (April 20, 2020): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341577.

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Abstract Jennifer Graber’s The Gods of Indian Country (2018) and Pamela Klassen’s The Story of Radio Mind (2018) tell stories of Christian and settler-colonialist history from new vantage points highlighting two areas: (1) the importance of land and places, and (2) the use of images in research. Both authors spent time in the lands of their research, and both employ images and maps in meaningful ways. To understand Indigenous experiences on the land and the devastation of dispossession, knowledge of land and places is crucial; to reinterpret the visual record, Indigenous perspectives are imperative. However, largely missing in both texts are Indigenous feelings for the land and their interpretations of the visual record. Therefore, this essay is framed around three questions for scholarship regarding Indigenous spiritual traditions: (1) How can research help readers understand Indigenous stories of dispossession? (2) What guidelines should authors consider when attempting to rewrite/explore/investigate historical narratives? (3) In what ways can Indigenous perspectives revise stories of marginalization and contribute to revitalization?

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McKenna, Rebecca Tinio. "Igorot Squatters and Indian Wards: Toward an Intra-imperial History of Land Dispossession." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000683.

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AbstractThis essay considers two land disputes that took place in the first decade of U.S. rule in the Philippines and that reached the U.S. Supreme Court:Cariño v. Insular Government(1909) andReavis v. Fianza(1909). In arguing their cases, litigants were forced to reckon with the property rights regime of the former Spanish empire. In this regard, the cases affirm the import of inter-imperial frameworks for understanding colonial problems of land ownership and sovereignty. When arguing over the rightful owners of Philippine lands, parties to these cases also drew on the history and legal bases of land dispossession and settler colonialism in the American West. Further, in later decades, the arguments made in one of these cases would figure into legal conflicts over Native American lands. These cases thus suggest the value of also examining intra-imperial relationships, the emphasis of this essay. They demonstrate how histories and legal structures of settler-driven “expansion” and extra-continental colonialism informed, even constituted, each other.

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Bergh, J. S. "“We Must Never Forget Where We Come From”: The Bafokeng and Their Land in the 19th Century Transvaal." History in Africa 32 (2005): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0005.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the events, forces, realities, challenges and opportunities with which the Bafokeng community in the vicinity of Rustenburg was confronted during the course of the nineteenth century, especially with regard to the loss of their land and the way they responded to this dispossession. Much of the groundwork for their subsequent successful acquisition of land was laid during this period. These successes—and the good fortune of the Bafokeng that rich platinum deposits were later discovered on the land they obtained in this way—elevated them to a prominent position at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The status of the Bafokeng was emphasized when the former South African President Nelson Mandela, the Home Affairs Minister Mango-sutho Buthelezi, the South African first lady Zanele Mbeki, and the Lesotho Queen Mother were among the guests at the coronation of Leruo Moletlegi as kgosi or chief of the Bafokeng in 2003.The dispossession of the land of the Bafokeng by white settlers from the end of the 1830s and the Bafokeng's attempts to regain this land should be seen against a number of important nineteenth-century trends. Firstly, there was the forfeiture to the white settlers of large tracts of land claimed by indigenous communities in European colonies in the nineteenth and earlier centuries. In southern Africa white settlers seized no less than 40. million hectares of land up to 1860 and another 107. million hectares during the next hundred years. A second important trend was the mineral revolution in the interior of southern Africa. Thirdly, the settlement of a large number of missionaries among African communities in this period also influenced the dynamics of the dispossession and acquisition of land.

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Boisen, Camilla. "From land dispossession to land restitution: European land rights in South Africa." Settler Colonial Studies 7, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473x.2016.1139861.

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Nugent, Walter, and James M. Marshall. "Land Fever: Dispossession and the Frontier Myth." Journal of American History 74, no. 1 (June 1987): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908563.

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Raman, Bhuvaneswari. "Contesting Land Dispossession in Chennai’s Periphery (India)." Revue internationale des études du développement N°238, no. 2 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ried.238.0115.

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Rankin, Charles E., and James M. Marshall. "Land Fever: Dispossession and the Frontier Myth." Western Historical Quarterly 19, no. 2 (May 1988): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/968410.

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Molebatsi, Chadzimula. "Land grabbing in Botswana: Modern era dispossession." Town and Regional Planning 75, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.6.

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Kenney-Lazar, Miles. "Governing Dispossession: Relational Land Grabbing in Laos." Annals of the American Association of Geographers 108, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2017.1373627.

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Levien, Michael. "Gender and land dispossession: a comparative analysis." Journal of Peasant Studies 44, no. 6 (October 5, 2017): 1111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1367291.

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Andreas, Joel, Sunila S. Kale, Michael Levien, and Qian Forrest Zhang. "Rural land dispossession in China and India." Journal of Peasant Studies 47, no. 6 (September 18, 2020): 1109–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1826452.

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Noy, Itay. "Rethinking land, enclosure and resistance." Focaal 2019, no. 83 (March 1, 2019): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2019.830111.

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Levien, Michael. 2018. Dispossession without development: Land grabs in neoliberal India. New York: Oxford University Press.Li, Tania Murray. 2014. Land’s end: Capitalist relations on an indigenous frontier. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

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32

García Reyes, Paola, and Jenniffer Vargas Reina. "Land transactions and violent conflict, a review of the cases of Turbo, Antioquia and El Carmen de Bolívar, Bolívar." Análisis Político 27, no. 82 (September 1, 2014): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v27n82.49282.

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This paper offers an analysis of the links between war, land markets and dispossession based on two case studies: the municipality of Turbo, Antioquia and El Carmen de Bolívar, Bolivar. To this end, firstly, the phenomenon of active paramilitary dispossession is placed in the framework of the general discussion on land grab. Then the general dynamics of the conflict, abandonment and land dispossession in both municipalities is described. Afterwards a broad typology is proposed on land transactions,1 including abandonment and asymmetrical and symmetrical transactions, based on the observed cases. Then the sequences, actors and associated mechanisms are defined for each case. Lastly, we conclude that even though dispossession did not occur in an institutional vacuum, in the cases studied the use of force as a form of appropriation is the result of specific conditions that are closer to the Hobbesian state of nature, where the armed actor can use and make the rules, whereas the transactions that arise from advantages in asymmetries of power and information are closer to market situations in which the appropriating actor uses the rules, but does not make them.

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Maharjan, Kabin. "Local Communities’ Responses towards Land Dispossession in Nepal." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024916677598.

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No land development is achieved without the support of local people. Ongoing politics of land commercialisation and strategic land deals can sometimes underestimate the impact on locals. This article thus examines the dominant concentration of land by emerging actors in Nepal, often resulting in dispossession. It studies its continuum consequences through identifying the nature of contradiction on land induced by dispossession, how it shapes the locals’ perceptions and in turn shaping ways of spatial and cultural resistance in their daily lives. Despite some positive aspects, the article reflects on how resistance stems from outweighed negative consequences, often from the strategic nature of land deals, intrusion of local resources and cultural spaces and irreversible damage of agriculture land.

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HUARCAYA, SERGIO MIGUEL. "Land Reform, Historical Consciousness and Indigenous Activism in Late Twentieth-Century Ecuador." Journal of Latin American Studies 50, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 411–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x17001146.

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AbstractStudies of the emergence of the Ecuadorian indigenous movement, which burst onto the national political scene in 1990, have not paid enough attention to indigenous historical consciousness. Using historical and ethnographic evidence, this study examines the emergence of historical consciousness among indigenous peasants involved in the land struggle for the Quinchuquí hacienda, in Otavalo, Ecuador. The research demonstrates that it was only during the struggle for the land that the peasants became aware of the colonial dispossession of indigenous lands. Legitimating their politics in terms of history, they articulated a political identity that increasingly emphasised ethnicity over class.

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Edwards, William H. "The Church and Indigenous Land Rights: Pitjantjatjara Land Rights in Australia." Missiology: An International Review 14, no. 4 (October 1986): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968601400406.

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In this article the author, whose experience in cross-cultural communication as a missionary was used by a group of Australian Aboriginal people among whom he had worked to interpret their demand for title to their traditional land, outlines aspects of the traditional life of the Pitjantjatjara people and their conception of their relation to the land. Edwards traces the history of the dispossession of the land following European settlement, and the history of negotiations which led to the recognition of their title to the land under South Australian legislation. He comments on the role of the churches in these events and reflects on a Christian approach to indigenous land rights, noting that churches in other lands, in their mission work, are also involved with indigenous peoples in struggles to achieve just recognition to title for their land.

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Bradley, Lawrence. "Dinosaurs and Indians: Fossil Resource Dispossession of Sioux Lands, 1846-1875." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 38, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.38.3.w4l1q51m13442202.

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The emergence of vertebrate paleontology as an established, scientific discipline can in part be attributed to large vertebrate fossils found on land dispossessed from indigenous populations from around the world. Specifically, geographic locations of the North American continental interior are known to yield fossiliferous stratagraphic sequences. I argue that vertebrate fossils are another natural resource dispossessed from Native peoples within the historical boundaries of Sioux lands. This body of research discusses the physical and geographical evidence of the first quarter-century of fossil dispossession in Indian country between the years 1846 and 1875.

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Upadhya, Carol. "Recasting Land: Agrarian Urbanism in Amaravati." Urbanisation 6, no. 1 (May 2021): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24557471211018304.

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The article explores how the unfolding of the Amaravati project in Andhra Pradesh, India, was shaped by the region’s caste-based agrarian social and political formation. It shows how caste structures not only access to land, resources and power, but also the agrarian land transition in the context of a ‘new city’ project. In particular, caste structured the process of land pooling as well as the land market due to the historical embedding of caste in the land governance system. The article outlines two major ways in which caste inequalities and tensions were reproduced and sharpened—the rapid dispossession of Dalits by the unleashing of a speculative land market, and their marginalisation in the land pooling process. These processes are attributed to the institutionalisation of caste within the land revenue bureaucracy and the entrenchment of caste power and ideology within and beyond the state in the Coastal Andhra region, leading to a caste-based ‘land grab’. In response, Dalits mounted opposition to their marginalisation by framing unequal compensation for assigned lands and the alienation of assigned lands as manifestations of caste oppression. The eruption of caste struggles around land in what was supposed to become India’s first ‘fully planned’ city illustrates a key dimension of ‘agrarian urbanisation’ in contemporary India.

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Vargas, Jenniffer, and Sonia Uribe. "State, war, and land dispossession: The multiple paths to land concentration." Journal of Agrarian Change 17, no. 4 (September 20, 2017): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12237.

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Herzog, Tamar. "Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America." Americas 69, no. 03 (January 2013): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500002303.

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Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native dispossession was a dominant feature of colonial life. Whatever the theory may have mandated, the balance of power favored non-natives by allowing them access to a wide variety of social, legal, political, economic, and cultural instruments enabling them to control the land.

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Herzog, Tamar. "Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America." Americas 69, no. 3 (January 2013): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2013.0016.

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Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native dispossession was a dominant feature of colonial life. Whatever the theory may have mandated, the balance of power favored non-natives by allowing them access to a wide variety of social, legal, political, economic, and cultural instruments enabling them to control the land.

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Yanjing Zhao and Chris Webster. "Land Dispossession and Enrichment in China’s Suburban Villages." Urban Studies 48, no. 3 (February 2011): 529–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098010390238.

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This paper takes a fresh look at the land dispossession that is central to Chinese urbanisation. It documents in detail the property rights changes that occur when village land is taken by a municipal government and analyses the value of those rights by looking at compensation accounts for a case study village in the city of Xiamen in Fujian Province. The purpose of the paper is to show the complexity of the property rights dynamics during land expropriation and the results in terms of villager income. The paper also shows that, in Xiamen, the local state has made a series of concessions such that displaced villagers now receive a compensation package that not only includes compensation for lost agricultural land, production and homes but also a share of the urban land value uplift created by the infrastructure investments of the municipal state.

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42

Tetreault, Darcy. "Social Environmental Mining Conflicts in Mexico." Latin American Perspectives 42, no. 5 (May 20, 2015): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429415585112.

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Examination of social environmental conflicts around mining in Mexico indicates that neoliberal reforms have facilitated “accumulation by dispossession,” first by transferring public resources in the form of mineral rights and state-run mining companies to the private sector and second by dispossessing smallholder farmers and indigenous communities of their land, water, and cultural landscapes in order to allow mining companies to carry out their activities. The resistance movements that have emerged to confront this dispossession are led on the local level by people whose livelihoods, health, and cultures are threatened by large-scale mining projects. They reflect “the environmentalism of the poor” in that they seek to keep natural resources outside of the sphere of the capitalist mode of production. El examen de los conflictos socioambientales en torno a la minería en México indica que las reformas neoliberales han facilitado la “acumulación por desposesión”: primero, transferiendo recursos públicos en forma de concesiones mineras y compañías paraestatales al sector privado y, segundo, despojando a los pequeños agricultures y a las comunidades indígenas de sus tierras, agua y paisajes culturales con el fin de permitirle a las compañías mineras llevar a cabo sus actividades. Los movimientos de resistencia que han surgido para afrontar este despojo están dirigidos en el plano local por personas cuyos medios de subsistencia, su salud y su cultura se ven amenazadas por los proyectos de minería en gran escala. Ellos reflejan “el ecologismo de los pobres” ya que buscan mantener los recursos naturales fuera de la esfera del modo de producción capitalista.

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Nair, Manjusha. "Dispossession without Development: Land Grabs in Neoliberal India." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 48, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306119853809y.

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44

Habel, Norman. "Conquest and Dispossession: Justice, Joshua, and Land Rights." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 4, no. 1 (February 1991): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9100400106.

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Shipley, Tyler. "Land Seizure, Dispossession, and Canadian Capital in Honduras." Human Geography 8, no. 2 (July 2015): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861500800202.

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While there is a growing literature on the phenomenon of land seizure by agribusiness and extractive industries, and their disastrous social and ecological effects around the world, there is often a shroud of vagueness and mystification about the concrete practices by which extractive companies come to gain access to the land itself. This is especially true since these companies increasingly veil their activities in plausible claims of “social responsibility.” This article documents the strategies by which foreign and especially Canadian capital has been grabbing and maintaining its control over land for mega-developments in Honduras, with an eye to the ways in which different tactics are adapted to each particular context in which they are applied. The purpose is to demonstrate the flexibility and complexity of these strategies and to lay the groundwork for future studies of these concrete practices in order to supplement the existing literature on land seizure.

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46

Lund, Christian. "Fragmented sovereignty: land reform and dispossession in Laos." Journal of Peasant Studies 38, no. 4 (October 2011): 885–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.607709.

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Simpson, Audra. "The Sovereignty of Critique." South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8663591.

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This article offers a brief history of “sovereignty,” unmooring it from Western governance and the right to kill, in order to trace the life of the term within the field of Native (Indigenous) politics and Studies. Within this field, the practice of “critique” is central, examining conditions of dispossession and exploitation within other disciplines that refuse or devalue knowledge about Indigenous peoples. Historically, “critique” has been vital to Native and Indigenous Studies, which emerged from the liberatory and resistant politics of the late sixties and seventies across North America, as well as from decolonization movements and the specificities (and sovereignties) of Indian country. A developing field at that moment, Native and Indigenous Studies saw that the needs of Indigenous communities were tied directly to forms of resistance and redress but as well to the terrains of knowledge within contemporary academic institutions. As such, disciplinary formation and the critique, if not dismantling of dispossessing disciplines, became key sites for liberation, along with lands and waters.

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Samson, Colin. "Canada’s Strategy of Dispossession: Aboriginal Land and Rights Cessions in Comprehensive Land Claims." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 31, no. 01 (April 2016): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2016.2.

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Abstract This paper offers a sociological interpretation of the Canadian Comprehensive Land Claims (CLC) process, arguing that CLC is a strategy used by the state to dispossess Aboriginal peoples. CLC does this through leveraging the cession of Aboriginal rights and the relinquishing of indigenous lands. Drawing upon the ongoing Innu Nation Tshash Petapen (‘New Dawn’) agreement, I examine four related aspects of the process and the agreement which operate to dispossess the Innu: (1) the undemocratic social and political contexts in which agreement is elicited, (2) the depletion of Aboriginal rights of the indigenous party, (3) the depletion of indigenous lands, and (4) the creation of wealth and debt. Finally, I will interpret these processes as building on social changes inflicted on the Innu. These are characterized by imposed law and the state of exception.

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Allina-Pisano, Jessica. "The Two Faces of Petr Arkad'evich: Land and Dispossession in Russia's Southwest, ca. 2000." International Labor and Working-Class History 71, no. 1 (2007): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547907000348.

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AbstractAt the beginning and the end of the twentieth century, the Russian imperial and post-Soviet governments pursued large-scale projects to transform land tenure in the countryside. Based on the belief that people would work harder and more productively on land they themselves owned, both reform programs divided collectively-managed land into individual parcels. Post-Soviet land privatization, consciously modeled on the Stolypin-era reforms conducted in early twentieth-century Russia, resulted in the dispossession of much of the rural population. This article examines privatization in a district of Voronezhoblast’ in Russia's southwest, considering contemporary processes through an historical lens. It shows how successful local efforts to adapt to markets and preserve large-scale agriculture nonetheless resulted in rural dispossession.

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Yi-Shiuan Chen, Yayut, Da-Wei Kuan, Sandie Suchet-Pearson, and Richard Howitt. "Decolonizing property in Taiwan: Challenging hegemonic constructions of property." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, no. 6 (September 18, 2018): 987–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818799751.

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Indigenous Tayal experiences of dispossession in Taiwan reflect a familiar pattern of state-sanctioned property rights precluding recognition of Indigenous rights. This paper examines Tayal customary institutions and how they have governed, and continue to govern, land interests in customary domains. In an agricultural economy encompassing patterns of mobility and long-term movement between areas, Tayal people maintain continuing rights in land that is not currently or permanently occupied or used. However, following Second World War and Taiwan’s occupation by the Chinese Nationalist Kuomingtang party, a new system of individually registered property titles was established, only allowing registration of individual land in settled fields that were occupied and cultivated. Interests in fallowed land were not registrable and such land was reclassified as State property. The system’s enforcement in the 1950s was central to the dispossession and non-recognition of Tayal rights and parallel discourses making Indigenous people invisible. We argue that unpacking the ontologies behind hegemonic understandings of property in Taiwan offers ground for recognizing the plurality, messiness and openness that articulate contestations over time, space and property. In the context of Taiwan’s 2016 Presidential Apology to Indigenous citizens, we conclude that contested constructions of temporality and spatiality are fundamental to challenging Indigenous dispossession.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Land dispossessions'

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