Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land Inequality

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Land Inequality'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Land Inequality"

1

Albertus, Michael, Thomas Brambor, and Ricardo Ceneviva. "Land Inequality and Rural Unrest." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 3 (July 12, 2016): 557–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716654970.

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What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land reform that ostensibly addresses rural grievances sometimes exacerbate unrest? We advance the understanding of these longstanding questions by shifting the emphasis from how landholding inequality fuels rural grievances to how it captures the collective action capacity of landowners. Using municipal-level data from Brazil’s large land reform program from 1988 to 2013, we demonstrate that the relationship between landholding inequality and unrest is conditional. Isolated threats to landed elites in the form of land invasions are difficult to repel, generating a positive relationship between landholding inequality and one-off land invasions. By contrast, sustained, broader local threats triggered by nearby land reforms catalyze landowner organization to repel land invasions, leading to the reverse relationship. The findings provide a novel answer for why a straightforward link between land inequality and rural unrest is elusive and may generalize to a broad range of similar cases.
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Muller, Edward N., Mitchell A. Seligson, Hung-der Fu, and Manus I. Midlarsky. "Land Inequality and Political Violence." American Political Science Review 83, no. 2 (June 1989): 577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962407.

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Considerable research effort has been invested in establishing the appropriate relationship between patterns of land distribution and political violence. In an article in the June 1988 issue of the Review, Manus I. Midlarsky proposed and tested a new measure of the distribution of land, which he called “patterned inequality.” He presented supporting evidence with data from Latin American and Middle Eastern countries. In this controversy, Midlarsky's analysis is challenged by Edward N. Mutter, Mitchell A. Seligson, and Hung-der Fu. They advocate an alternative measure of land inequality, test its effect on levels of political violence in Latin America, and find it wanting. In his rejoinder, Midlarsky offers new analytical support for his claims.
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Wegerif, Marc C. A., and Arantxa Guereña. "Land Inequality Trends and Drivers." Land 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9040101.

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Land related inequality is a central component of the wider inequality that is one of the burning issues of our society today. It affects us all and directly determines the quality of life for billions of people who depend on land and related resources for their livelihoods. This paper explores land inequality based on a wide scoping of available information and identifies the main trends and their drivers. A wider conceptualization of what constitutes land inequality is suggested in response to shifts in how power is concentrated within the agri-food system. Land inequality is the difference in the quantity and value of land people have access to, the relative strengths of their land tenure rights, and about the appropriation of value derived from the land and its use. More data gathering and research needs to be done to better understand and monitor land inequality. Despite data limitations, what can be seen globally is a growing concentration of land in larger holdings leaving the majority of farmers, along with indigenous people and other communities, with less land. As importantly, elites and large corporations are appropriating more of the value within the agri-food sector, leaving farmers and workers with a shrinking proportion of the value produced. A framework is offered to explain the self-perpetuating nature of land inequalities that involve the mutually reinforcing concentration of both wealth and power. This is an unsustainable situation that can only be effectively addressed through challenging the fundamental drivers of accumulation by the few.
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Uddin, Muhammad Sharif. "Inequality in the Promised Land." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education 9, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jise.v9i1.1703.

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Inequality in the promised land: Race, resources, and suburban schooling is a well-written book by L’ Heureux Lewis-McCoy. The book is based on Lewis-McCoy’s doctoral dissertation, that included an ethnographic study in a suburban area named Rolling Acres in the Midwestern United States. Lewis-McCoy studied the relationship between families and those families’ relationships with schools. Through this study, the author explored how invisible inequality and racism in an affluent suburban area became the barrier for racial and economically minority students to grow up academically. Lewis-McCoy also discovered the hope of the minority community for raising their children for a better future.
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Kang, Jatinder. "Inequality in the Promised Land." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1, no. 4 (July 27, 2015): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649215597204.

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Stilwell, Frank. "Land, inequality and regional policy." Urban Policy and Research 17, no. 1 (March 1999): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149908727787.

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Miller, Melinda C. "Land and Racial Wealth Inequality." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.371.

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Could racial wealth inequality have been reduced if freed slaves had been granted land following the Civil War? This paper exploits a plausibly exogenous variation in policies of the Cherokee Nation and southern United States to identify the impact of free land on the size of the racial wealth gap. Using data on land, livestock, and home ownership, I find evidence that former slaves who had access to free land were absolutely wealthier and experienced lower levels of racial wealth inequality in 1880 than former slaves who did not. Furthermore, their children continued to experience these advantages in 1900.
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De Luca, Giacomo, and Petros G. Sekeris. "Land inequality and conflict intensity." Public Choice 150, no. 1-2 (July 28, 2010): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9692-8.

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Aleksandrovich Mayboroda1, Victor. "On Inequality of Rights in Agricultural Land Privatization." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24497.

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The article examines the institution of agricultural land privatization. Considering the dynamics of modern legislation, considerable attention is paid to the historical overview of the development of regulatory developments in this institution. Currently, due to uncertain meaning of the term "privatization", the author emphasized its semantic content in regulating land relations in general and in connection with the turnover of agricultural land, in particular through the application of content analysis methods in normative materials. In addition, the land purchase was compared with certain provisions of foreign legal systems. The study has led to conclusions regarding the need for formation of independent law enforcement practices for privatization of agricultural land for agricultural use. The author suggests using this term if there is a regional norm on privatization. At the same time, if the regional legislation establishes the date for privatization commencement beyond an obvious planning horizon and does not allow the use of this particular institution, the author offers to transform public property into private using the institution to purchase land granted on a lease basis. The current application of the institute of public land privatization for agricultural use lacks the opposition of semantic burden of privatization to other forms of transformation of public possession into private property. The absence of such opposition in a law enforcement practice provides an opportunity for confusion of privatization and land purchase when considering specific disputes. Today, those participating in privatization, i.e. persons who can potentially purchase publicly owned lands, are in unequal conditions with regard to other methods of acquiring public lands, including through purchase in case of a bona fide rent. The study itself aims to understand the results of public land transformation into private land based on a priori provision on the need to form a competitive environment for the existence of various forms of ownership through economic regulation methods, avoiding the provision of legal advantages to individual forms of ownership.
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Muller, Edward N., and Mitchell A. Seligson. "Inequality and Insurgency." American Political Science Review 81, no. 2 (June 1987): 425–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1961960.

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Maldistribution of land in agrarian societies is commonly thought to be an important precondition of mass political violence and revolution. Others argue that because of the difficulty of mobilizing rural populations for political protest, land maldistribution is irrelevant except as part of an inegalitarian distribution of income nationwide. These rival inequality hypotheses have significant implications with respect to the kinds of reforms likely to reduce the potential for insurgency in a society. They are tested using the most comprehensive cross-national compilation of data currently available on land inequality, landlessness, and income inequality. Support is found for the argument that attributes the greater causal import to income inequality. Moreover, the effect of income inequality on political violence is found to hold in the context of a causal model that takes into account the repressiveness of the regime, governmental acts of coercion, intensity of separatism, and level of economic development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land Inequality"

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Ryan, Joanna. "Examining land reform in South Africa: evidence from survey data." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26945.

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Land and land reform have long been contentious and highly charged topics in South Africa, with land performing the dual functions of redress for the past and development for the future. This research explores both these aspects of land, with the focus being on the impact of land receipt on household welfare and food insecurity, and social preferences for fairness and redistribution more generally. One of the main aims is to contribute to the land reform debate by providing previously-lacking quantitative evidence on the aggregate welfare outcomes of land redistribution, as well as the extent of social preferences for redistribution in the land restitution framework. In exploring these issues, the welfare outcomes of land are first explored using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data and unconditional quantile regression analysis. The focus is then narrowed to the food insecurity impact of land receipt, beginning with a methodological chapter outlining the development of a new food insecurity index applying the Alkire-Foster method of multidimensional poverty measurement (2009; 2011). This is followed by the presentation and discussion of food insecurity profiles of land beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. The new index is also used as an outcome measure in exploring the determinants of household food insecurity. These two sections again use the NIDS data. The final section shifts the emphasis from the economic welfare benefits of land redistribution to notions of fairness and social justice encapsulated by land restitution. A behavioural laboratory experiment is used to investigate social preferences for fairness, and the factors that influence redistributive inclinations, by exploring the relative weights placed on fairness considerations and self-interest, as well as the fairness ideal. The findings indicate that beneficiaries do not use the land received for productive purposes, a possible explanation for the limited economic welfare impacts of land reform that are observed. Despite this limited developmental impact, the laboratory experiment makes it clear that land reform plays an important role in addressing other needs and wants in society, particularly in respect of preferences for fairness and addressing historical injustices.
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Mainali, R. M. "The economics of inequality and human capital development : evidence from Nepal." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3512/.

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This thesis has three pieces of empirical studies that analyse economic inequality across social groups (castes and gender) and its impact on human capital endowments in developing countries with particular reference to Nepal. Three aspects of inequalities have been examined: disincentive in educational attainment in female arising from labour market discrimination, disproportional representation of low-caste workers in better jobs and inequity in health care utilisation and health outcomes across castes. This study contributes to the literature of economics by developing a new theory and extending existing econometric models in analysing economic inequality across social groups. The first piece of research examines the impact of marital anticipation on female education in the presence of labour market discrimination. It develops a theoretical model for jointly determining the age at marriage and female education. The model hypothesizes that as females are not rewarded in the labour market as much as men are; married women are encouraged to engage in household work as a result of the intra-household division of labour in their marital union. Thus, parental anticipation of this effect affects their daughter's age at marriage and can influence investment in girls' schooling. It then estimates the causal effect of age at marriage on education in light of the theoretical model using household data from Nepal.
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Lu, Ruosi. "The minimum wage, inequality and employment in China." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6390/.

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This study looks at the welfare implications of the minimum wage in China, and covers three topics: the minimum wage and wage inequality, the minimum wage and employment, and the minimum wage and the gender wage gap. The main finding is that the welfare implications of the minimum wage in China are mixed, with both positive and negative welfare effects. Four main conclusions are reached. Firstly, minimum wages can effectively reduce overall wage inequality at the municipal level (despite non-compliance) through raising individual wages at the lower end of the wage distribution. Secondly, minimum wages generally have significantly negative effects on urban employment with some indication of more marked effects for traditionally disadvantaged groups such as youth, older workers, and women. Thirdly, minimum wages significantly raise women’s wages relative to men’s at the lower quantiles of wage distribution, thus reducing the gender wage gap. Together with the second result, this means that the minimum raises women’s relative wages, while lowering their employment. Fourthly, these three results are especially robust during 2004-2007, when the minimum wage system was reinforced.
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Williamson, Stefanie. "Recession, precariousness and inequality : youth employment trajectories before and after the 2008-2009 recession." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52827/.

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The extent of youth unemployment in the UK in the years following the 2008 economic crisis, as well as the backdrop of longer-term concern regarding the rise of precarious work (Beck 2000, Standing 2011) prompted discussions of a 'lost generation' of young people set to feel the economic scars from embarking on their careers at a time of economic turmoil. The 2008-2009 recession was also (dubiously) labelled a 'mancession' and the first 'middle class recession'. Despite this, comparatively few sociology studies have adopted a quantitative approach to compare the class and gender dimensions of inequality in young people's employment trajectories prior to and following the 2008-2009 recession. This research makes an original contribution to the field by using longitudinal sequence analysis methods to contrast the employment trajectories of two cohorts of 16 to 24 year olds in the UK: a pre-recession and a recession cohort. In doing so, it establishes the extent to which the patterns of class and gender inequality amongst young people, not only in unemployment, but also in the movement in and out of 'precarious work', differed prior to and following the 2008-2009 recession. It finds that precarious employment was not as widespread as 'end of work' theorists suggested but that the recession brought an increased minority of young people who experienced employment difficulty. Furthermore, it argues that the recession did not advantage or disadvantage class or gender groups in a uniform way. Rather, changing trends in the recession highlighted a number of complex and shifting patterns of inequality amongst young people of different genders and from differing class backgrounds.
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Högman, Alve, and Pär Sällström. "Land Reforms: A Successful Course of Action?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9245.

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The problem with unequal distribution of land ownership, in developing countries, has been debated in numerous papers. It is important to solve this problem and one of the major contributions in finding a solution is the implementation of a land reform. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the outcome of two different approaches to land reform, i.e. coercive and market based, and to find out how successful they are in reducing the concentration of land ownership in a sustainable direction. The conclusion of this paper is that neither of the approaches alone is successful in this task, the strength lies instead in a combination of the coercive and market based approach.

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Koutmeridis, Theodore. "The market for 'rough diamonds' : information, finance and wage inequality in macroeconomics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58068/.

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During the past four decades both between and within group wage inequality increased significantly in the US. Three of the most well-documented facts concern the increase in the education premium, the rise in the experience premium and the narrowing gender wage gap. Existing studies explain some of them separately but there is no unified explanation of all three at the same time. I provide a microfounded justification for the first two, by introducing private employer learning in a signaling model with credit constraints. I show that when financial constraints relax, talented individuals can acquire education and leave the uneducated pool. This implies that the eventual group of uneducated young workers becomes of lower average quality, as most of the rough diamonds have now been plucked out of this group. My explanation is consistent with US data from 1970's to 2000's, indicating that the rise in the education and the experience premium coincides with a fall in unskilled inexperienced wages, while at the same time skilled or experienced wages do not change much. The model accounts also for the fact that the education premium increases more for low-experienced workers, while the experience premium increases only for the low-educated ones. The introduction of gender-specific credit constraints, explains also the narrowing gender wage gap, by allowing the cost of borrowing to decline and become more similar for the two genders recently, while in the past it was much costlier for women. More equal borrowing opportunities for men and women, decrease inequality between genders, however they also increase inequality within gender by boosting the wage gap between different education and experience groups for both sexes. This theory explains the puzzling coexistence of increasing meritocracy and growing wage inequality in the American society, by highlighting the conflict between equal opportunities and substantial economic equality.
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Riach, Kathleen. "A discursive analysis of organizational age inequality and older worker identity." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/963/.

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This thesis argues that whilst a critical mass of age and employment literature is developing, research has centred on the work/non-work interface, or focussed on the experience of ‘older workers’ as classified through chronological markers. As a result, it has overlooked how the terms themselves that are used within policy, academia and organizations to conceptualise and refer to age inequality are interrelated and shape our understanding of this phenomenon. In order to further investigate how language and power affect the reproduction of organizational age inequality, this study takes a discursive approach to examine ‘ageism’, ‘age discrimination’ and ‘older worker’ as socially constructed phenomena. The discursive approach develops the work of Pierre Bourdieu to argue that whilst action may be shaped and understood through larger collective ideological processes, power and domination are never absolute, since the constitution of the individual is created through the interaction between the self and social in different spaces and at different times. Thus, in order to understand the reproduction of age inequalities, one must not only consider what ideological discourses are drawn upon and the strategies or techniques used to legitimize them, but also analyze the relationship between these constructions and how they are related to an individual’s own identity work. Using data collected from 33 interviews with human resource managers, the findings show that whilst managers discuss their own organizations as upholding age diversity, their interpretation of what constitutes ageism and age discrimination allows for a high degree of variability in their practices. By negotiating between the margins of what constitutes equal and unequal practice, a number of ideas can be justified which may equally be construed as discriminatory. These discourses are then analysed in relation to their own ageing identity work, where the ‘older worker’ is constructed through a complex negotiation between the reproduction of an ‘ideal type’ and the individual’s own ageing identity project.
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Maimba, Tanaka. "Land reform as a means of poverty alleviation and inequality redress in Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78622.

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This thesis set out to assess the impact of the land reform program on two farms located in the Mashonaland Central Province of Zimbabwe, Tembo and Rutherdale, and to examine how the livelihoods of resettled farmers from this area evolved. Since 2000, the debate surrounding Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme and the implications thereof on smallholder livelihoods, has been heated and polarised. There is therefore need for empirically based studies to help quell the debate. A qualitative case study design was adopted for this research. The study sites were Tembo and Rutherdale, farms in Mashonaland Central province of Zimbabwe. The farms are about six kilometres from Shamva gold mine and have thirteen A1 farms and thirty-four A2 farms. The study participants consisted of the resettled farmers in the two farms. Key informants such as the agricultural extension and the agribusiness officers for the area and the village headmen provided information for the study. Semi-structured interviews were the main data collection instruments and these were supplemented through literature and document analysis. This study found that the land reform programme for Tembo and Rutherdale farms largely benefited the beneficiaries of the scheme. The resettled farmers in the area live in harmony with each other and have developed social networks to tackle their challenges. Access to Land allowed farmers to improve in income generation. There is, however need for further government support and intervention with the intent to make the farmers more self-sufficient. The government could also come in as a facilitator to initiatives by the households themselves to solve their challenges. This research suggests that other successful land reform programmes in other parts of the country be unveiled and studied so that the underlying principles behind their successes or failures are unearthed to quell the debate on the impacts of the land reform programme in the country.
Dissertation (MSocSci (Development Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MSocSci (Development Studies)
Unrestricted
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Su, Fang. "Uneven human capital development in contemporary China : a non-monetary perspective on regional and gender inequality." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12305/.

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Regional inequality is one of the most challenging issues facing China in the coming decade. Whilst this matter can be approached from different angles; mainstream scholars have tended to examine this issue by way of monetary measurement (e.g. GDP or income per capita). This study draws attention to the non-monetary aspect in order to shed new light on regional inequality. Accordingly, this research focuses on the gaps and trends of human capital development, a key non-monetary index proxying for regional inequality in transitional China. Taking education and health status as two key indicators, in particular, this research aims to trace the trends in regional inequality over the last two decades, investigate to what extent those two dimensions can help to identify and integrate factors behind regional disparities, and to analyse some profound policies and implications. Based upon official educational and health status statistics at provincial level, this study develops a model to exam regional disparity between the three economic development zones from 1990 to 2005. Main findings are that different perspectives of regional inequality bring out different consequences; from the viewpoint of human capital development, regional inequality presents positive findings in uneven development. Secondly, causes of development are fairly diverse and different measurements may significantly vary outcomes. Thirdly, uneven development is a spontaneous phenomenon underlying development, which over varying lengths of time may have stimulated economic growth in a positive way. Finally, limitations are discussed associated with policy implications.
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Tilley, Susan Mary. "Idealised land markets and real needs: the Experience of landless people seeking land in the Northern and Western Cape through the market-based land reform programme." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5657_1285084476.

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This thesis interrogates the claim that resource-poor, rural land seekers can acquire land through the land market which constitutes the central mechanism of land redistribution in South Africa&rsquo
s market-based land reform programme. The study explores two key aspects in relation to this claim. Firstly, it provides a critique of the underlying assumptions prevalent in much of the current market-based land reform policy, as advocated by its national and international proponents, and the manner in which the market as a mechanism for land redistribution has been conceptualized and its outcomes envisaged. Secondly, it considers the extent to which this conceptualization - which it is argued, draws on idealized and abstracted notions of land market functioning - is realized and examines the extent to which the espoused outcomes of market-based land reform policy are aligned with or contradicted by the functioning of real markets and the experiences of resource-poor land seeking people in their attempts to engage in the land market with limited state support. The details of the market&rsquo
s operation are analysed, with a distinction made between the operational practice of real markets &ndash
based on direct evidence-based observation
and degrees of policy abstraction and theoretical assumptions regarding how markets should or might operate. The study&rsquo
s methodological framework draws on an agrarian political economy perspective, as used by theorists such as Akram-Lodhi (2007) and Courville (2005), amongst others. This perspective enables a consideration of the various contexts and socially embedded processes involved in land transactions and the extent to which these are shaped and framed by the politics of policy-making. In line with this perspective, the study focuses on the social relations brought to bear on the acquisition of land and the way in which land markets operate. It is suggested that land is not solely viewed as an economic commodity by land-seekers. Furthermore, it was found that markets cannot be understood as neutral institutions in which participants are equal players.

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Books on the topic "Land Inequality"

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Turck, Mary. Haiti: Land of inequality. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1999.

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Erickson, Lennart. Dimensions of land inequality and economic development. [Washington D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, African Dept., 2004.

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Gunawan, Wiradi, ed. Six decades of inequality: Land tenure problems in Indonesia. Bandung, Indonesia: Bina Desa, 2011.

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Adams, Richard H. Nonfarm income, inequality, and land in rural Egypt. Washington, DC: World Bank, Middle East and North Africa Region, Human Development Sector Group, 1999.

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Ünal, Fatma Gül. Land Ownership Inequality and Rural Factor Markets in Turkey. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137110886.

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1937-, Hodge Robert Williams, ed. Promises in the Promised Land: Mobility and inequality in Israel. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.

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Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. Accelerated Land Reform, Mining, Growth, Unemployment and Inequality in South Africa. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30884-1.

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Sharma, Prem S. Inequality in land holdings and agricultural development in India: A regional analysis. Delhi: Shruti Publication, 2014.

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Social inequality in a Portuguese hamlet: Land, late marriage, and bastardy, 1870-1978. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Land ownership inequality and rural factor markets in Turkey: A study for critically evaluating market friendly reforms. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land Inequality"

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Bonatti, Luigi. "Land, Housing, Growth and Inequality." In Getting Globalization Right, 119–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97692-1_6.

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Jones, Eric L. "Cotton into Land." In Landed Estates and Rural Inequality in English History, 11–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74869-6_2.

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Figueroa, Adolfo. "Land Resources and Food Supply." In Growth, Employment, Inequality, and the Environment, 133–51. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137506979_8.

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Nafziger, E. Wayne, and Juha Auvinen. "The Conflict over Land and Natural Resources." In Economic Development, Inequality and War, 144–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403943767_8.

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Maantay, Juliana A. "Chapter 1 The Collapse of Place: Derelict Land, Deprivation, and Health Inequality in Glasgow, Scotland." In Urban Land Use, 1–50. 3333 Mistwell Crescent, Oakville, ON L6L 0A2, Canada: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315365794-2.

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Baka, Jennifer. "The Political Construction of Wasteland: Governmentality, Land Acquisition and Social Inequality in South India." In Governing Global Land Deals, 211–29. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118688229.ch10.

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Vlassoff, Carol. "Sons, Land Division, Inheritance, and Household Labor Allocation Strategies." In Gender Equality and Inequality in Rural India, 109–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137373922_6.

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Ünal, Fatma Gül. "Market Failure and Land Concentration in Turkey." In Land Ownership Inequality and Rural Factor Markets in Turkey, 129–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137110886_5.

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Pfister, Ulrich. "Economic inequality in Germany, 1500-1800." In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, 301–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.20.

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The chapter reviews existing evidence regarding four aspects of economic inequality: relative factor rents, which relate to the factorial distribution of income and also underlie the so-called Williamson index (y/wus), which is correlated with the Gini index of household income; real inequality in terms of opposite movements of the price of consumer baskets consumed by different strata of society; the inequality of pay according to gender and skill, as well as between town and countryside; and wealth inequality, particularly with respect to the access to land. The main result is that, with given technology and agrarian institutions, there is a positive correlation between population and inequality.
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Ünal, Fatma Gül. "A Portrait of Turkish Agriculture: Inequality and its Discontents." In Land Ownership Inequality and Rural Factor Markets in Turkey, 39–62. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137110886_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Land Inequality"

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Georgieva, Tanya. "FARMLAND SIZE INEQUALITY AND LAND CONCENTRATION IN BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE." In 3rd International Scientific Conference on Economics and Management. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade; Faculty of Management Koper; Doba Business School - Maribor; Integrated Business Faculty - Skopje; Faculty of Management - Zajecar, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2019.211.

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Shaydullina, Rimma M. "Inequality In Income Distribution And The Problem Of Poverty." In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.103.

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Gonashvili, Аleksandr S. "Transformation Of Work And Leisure Against The Backdrop Of Social Inequality." In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.97.

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Dewallef, P., O. Le´onard, and K. Mathioudakis. "On-Line Aircraft Engine Diagnostic Using a Soft-Constrained Kalman Filter." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53539.

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The purpose of this contribution is to apply ridge regression to Kalman filtering in order to stabilize a health parameter identification under low or negative redundancy. The resulting algorithm achieves a so-called soft-constrained recursive health parameter identification, i.e. constraints are applied to parameters in a statistical way, contrary to hard-constrained algorithms based on strong equality or inequality constrains. The method is tested on data generated by a steady state turbofan engine model and representing typical component faults. The benefits that can be realized in terms of stability and accuracy are highlighted and some limits of the method are also mentioned.
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Wang, Xi, Daoliang Tan, and Tiejun Zheng. "Turbofan Engine Robust H-∞ Dynamical Output Feedback Control Design Based on LMI Method." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68124.

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This paper presents an approach to turbofan engine dynamical output feedback controller (DOFC) design in the framework of LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality)-based H∞ control. In combination with loop shaping and internal model principle, the linear state space model of a turbofan engine is converted into that of some augmented plant, which is used to establish the LMI formulations of the standard H∞ control problem with respect to this augmented plant. Furthermore, by solving optimal H∞ controller for the augmented plant, we indirectly obtain the H∞ DOFC of turbofan engine which successfully achieves the tracking of reference instructions and effective constraints on control inputs. This design method is applied to the H∞ DOFC design for the linear models of an advanced multivariate turbofan engine. The obtained H∞ DOFC is only in control of the steady state of this turbofan engine. Simulation results from the linear and nonlinear models of this turbofan engine show that the resulting controller has such properties as good tracking performance, strong disturbance rejection, and satisfying robustness.
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Tan, Daoliang, Ai He, Xi Wang, and Yun Liu. "Multivariable Aeroengine PID Control With Amplitude Saturation: An LMI Solution." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23147.

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This paper presents an approach to automatic tuning of the parameters of a PID controller for the multivariable gas turbine engine control, taking into account amplitude saturation and model nonstrict-properness. First of all, we illustrate that the PID controller design problem can be transformed into seeking a static output feedback controller for some augmented state-space model. Then we compute an initial stabilizable parameters of the involved PID controller in the strictly proper case, using a well-known static output feedback algorithm. As far as a non-strictly proper model is concerned, this paper uses a degenerate linear transformation to change its output equation into a strictly proper form. The drawback of the initially computed PID controller lies in its high gains (triggering amplitude saturation) that prevent it from being applicable to practical gas turbine engine control. In this paper, we build on a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based antiwindup scheme to address the constraints from amplitude saturation. Both of these problems are formulated in the LMI framework and can be efficiently solved using off-the-shelf software. Experimental results show the promising performance of the proposed method.
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Valiñas Varela, Maria Guadalupe, and Arturo España-Caballero. "Urban contrast of two cities from globalization. Gentrification, socio-cultural and economic aspects in Mexico and Valencia." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5597.

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Globalization influences the transformation of cities, they develop changes in their composition and form, related mainly to socio-cultural and economic aspects that converge in some cases in a gentrification of spaces where the right to the city is altered, modifying its structure according To processes related to postmodernity and neoliberal policies that generate various negative changes such as the displacement of the original settlers and the deterioration of areas to the maximum to further intensify its value. However they also present positive signs such as the revitalization and improvement of spaces with new proposals that generate jobs or in some cases become places of fashion, or important tourist spots. It shows a contrast of two cities in different continent and conditions as it is the case of the city of Mexico in several points: the historical center, Polanco, Granada and the colony Rome. And in the city of Valencia in Spain: the historical center, Russafa, the Ensanche and the Cabanyal. The theme focuses on a central land dispute to recycle urban spaces that give rise to diverse public spaces of private character with commercial functions, modifying the resignification of the space, increasing the inequality and the differentiation but at the same time generating traces of similarity. The objective is to evaluate how they have modified housing, real estate market, surplus value, social practices and identity. Said analysis from a new vision with projection towards the future, by means of a complex model, analyzing the urban imaginary.
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Gomes, Ramon Fortunato. "The transformations of the peripheral urban form in Brazilian listed heritage coastal cities and their morphological typologies: classification and concepts." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5136.

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This paper presents the results of my PhD research in architecture and urbanism, which analyzes an urban form and its use as a territorial planning tool. The object of study was the protected historic cities listed on the Brazilian coast, which have restrictions on building construction. These cities are influenced by urban flows, the impact of the metropolitan dynamics, and contemporary transformations. The research discusses the rigidity of the building legislation in the urban perimeter of these cities, while urban transformations and informal growth take place in peripheral areas in varied forms, types and arrangements. It aims to identify, classify and conceptualize the morphological types that appear as urban occurrences and consolidate as dispersed informal nuclei. Such urban occurrences are due to the building restrictions, the lack of territorial planning, and the contemporary globalized model of life, which shapes social inequality in urban expansion. The research methodology consisted of a perimeter survey of the 27 heritage listed cities on the Brazilian coast, according to the parameters obtained by Brazilian Forest Law (12.651/2012) and Brazilian Urban Land Parceling Law (Law 6.766/1979). Also, imagery collected by Google Earth was used to identify urban formations that deviate from legislation, similarly to the object of study. As a result, 16 types of urban forms were classified, which consolidated as nuclei of dispersed formations and were linked to an informal urban structural network. Also, territorial planning guidelines were designed, using the analysis of urban forms as a tool for urban transformation.
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Reports on the topic "Land Inequality"

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Sen, Aditi, and Nafkote Dabi. Tightening the Net: Net zero climate targets – implications for land and food equity. Oxfam, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7796.

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Many governments and companies are adopting net zero climate targets as they recognize the urgency of the climate crisis. Without clear definition, however, these targets risk being reliant on using vast swathes of land in low-income countries to capture carbon emissions, allowing the biggest emitters to avoid making significant cuts in their own emissions. ‘Net zero’ could end up being a dangerous distraction that could delay the rapid reductions in emissions that high-emitting countries and companies need to make if we are to avoid catastrophic climate breakdown. It could also lead to an explosion in demand for land which, if not subject to careful safeguards, might risk increasing hunger and fuelling land inequality. Net zero should be a pathway to real and transformative climate action and not greenwash. Carbon emissions need to be reduced now, and land-based climate solutions must centre ‘food-first’ approaches that help achieve both zero emissions and zero hunger.
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