Academic literature on the topic 'Land settlement – West Bank'
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Journal articles on the topic "Land settlement – West Bank"
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Shatat, Saleh Raed, and Ong Argo Victoria. "ILLEGAL LAND GRAB: ISRAEL'S SEIZURE OF LAND IN PALESTINE." Jurnal Akta 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v8i2.15685.
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Since 1967, each Israeli government has invested significant resources in establishing and expanding the settlements in the Occupied Territories, both in terms of the area of land they occupy and in terms of population. As a result of this policy, approximately 380,000 Israeli citizens now live on the settlements on the West Bank, including those established in East Jerusalem (this report does not relate to the settlements in the Gaza Strip). During the first decade following the occupation, the Ma'arach governments operated on the basis of the Alon Plan, which advocated the establishment of settlements in areas perceived as having "security importance," and where the Palestinian population was sparse (the Jordan Valley, parts of the Hebron Mountains and Greater Jerusalem). After the Likud came to power in 1977, the government began to establish settlements throughout the West Bank, particularly in areas close to the main Palestinian population centers along the central mountain ridge and in western Samaria. This policy was based on both security and ideological considerations. The political process between Israel and the Palestinians did not impede settlement activities, which continued under the Labor government of Yitzhak Rabin (1992-1996) and all subsequent governments. These governments built thousands of new housing units, claiming that this was necessary to meet the "natural growth" of the existing population. As a result, between 1993 and 2000 the number of settlers on the West Bank (excluding East Jerusalem) increased by almost 100 percent.
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Dajani, Omar M. "Israel's Creeping Annexation." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.21.
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A raft of legislative proposals introduced in the Knesset over the last several years has raised the specter of Israeli annexation of additional West Bank territory. One bill would provide for nearly automatic application of new Knesset legislation to Israelis residing in the West Bank. A second would authorize the expropriation under certain circumstances of privately-owned Palestinian land for incorporation into Israeli settlements, extending the Knesset's reach to the regulation of West Bank land use by non-Israelis. A third, entitled the “Maale Adumim Annexation Law,” provides for the full application of Israeli law in Israel's largest West Bank settlement, as well as in an adjacent twelve square kilometer area called the “E1 Zone,” one of the few remaining land reserves available for the development of Palestinian East Jerusalem.
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Krylov, A. "Israel Continues to Expand Its Settlements." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2015-0-1-145-160.
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This article provides a detailed analysis of the new trends of development of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. Since 1967, Israel has established about 150 settlements in the West Bank in addition to some 100 «outposts» or illegal settlements without Israeli official authorization. Now the settler population has estimated at over 520,000; the annual average rate of growth during the past decade was 5.3%, compared to 1.8% for the Israeli population as whole. As is known, after the Annapolis Conference held on 27 November 2007 Israel under the pressure from the international community announced officially not to create new settlements. But the Israeli authorities are now actively expanding in the occupied Palestinian territory, «border zones» or «buffer zones» in order to confiscate Palestinian land between the separation fence and the Palestinian communities located at a sufficient distance away from the wall.This study reveals the new forms and methods, aims and objectives of the Israeli official settlement policy and indicates a negative influence of the settlement factor on the Israeli-Palestinian negotiating process, political and socio-economic situation in the Middle East. The author do not exclude the possibility that if the political decision based on the principle of coexistence of two States not be achieved in the nearest future we may see soon on the map of the West Bank some Palestinian enclaves completely isolated like the Gaza Strip now. It is obvious that in the Jordan Valley and another parts of «zone C» Israel aims to do that it did in the area, where the block of settlements Maale Adumim is located, which Israeli politicians now consider an integral part of the territory of the State of Israel.
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Messerschmid, C. "Feedback between societal change and hydrological response in Wadi Natuf, a karstic mountainous watershed in the occupied Palestinian Westbank." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-261-2014.
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Abstract. Runoff observations with high spatial and temporal resolution before, during and since the Intifada in the occupied Palestinian West Bank, allow for new insights into the feedback between changing social systems and hydrological response under changing land forms. The lack of land control and infrastructure, movement restrictions and tight closure regimes, intensive settlement expansion and mushrooming unregulated solid waste dump-sites impact on runoff generation, groundwater recharge, flow patterns and rising water quality concerns. Long-term monitoring results from a 105 km2 Mediterranean climate catchment are presented. More research will strengthen these linkages. Changing socio-hydrological context of land sovereignty and equitable water rights remain paramount for addressing the chronic water crisis, establishing more symmetrical access and sustainable management of the shared water resources.
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Orpett, Natalie. "The Archaeology of Land Law: Excavating Law in the West Bank." International Journal of Legal Information 40, no. 3 (2012): 344–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500011410.
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Land law in the West Bank is a mess of multi-layered legal regimes representing the complicated political history of the region. From this confusion flow some of the most contentious issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict today, such as the legitimacy of settlements and the legality of the security barrier. Whether one's concerns regarding the “Question of Palestine” are humanitarian or political, one fact is clear: the legal muddle of land law must be addressed.But addressing the law first requires that we understand what that law is. This paper is not an investigation of the relative legitimacy under domestic or international law of each of the innumerable changes that were made to land law over the course of multiple legal regimes. Rather, it attempts to develop a purely descriptive answer to the seemingly straightforward question: what is the state of land law? To do this, I reconstruct the law of land as much as possible, from the still-operative, sedimentary layers of Ottoman, British, Jordanian, Israeli, Palestinian and international law. In compiling this information, I hope to contribute to the efforts to fully understand where we are, so we can honestly assess where we may go from here.
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Forman, Geremy. "A Tale of Two Regions: Diffusion of the Israeli “50 Percent Rule” from the Galilee to the Occupied West Bank." Law & Social Inquiry 34, no. 03 (2009): 671–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2009.01161.x.
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The “50 percent rule” is an Israeli judicial doctrine that has played a pivotal role since the early 1960s in deciding disputes between the Israeli government and Palestinian landholders under Article 78 of the Ottoman Land Code. It was first institutionalized during a government land‐claiming campaign aimed at providing state land for settlement‐based Judaization of Israel's predominantly Palestinian Galilee region. Two decades later, during a similar state land‐claiming campaign, the doctrine diffused into the occupied West Bank. Drawing on spatial components of social science diffusion literature and work in the field of legal geography, this article offers a legal‐historical‐geographical analysis of the evolution and diffusion of the 50 percent rule. Its conclusions suggest a new spatialized approach to the study of legal transfers and transplants that conceptualizes law's movement across international borders as one component of a broader process of legal diffusion, in which internal diffusion also plays an important role.
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Eidem, J., and D. Warburton. "In the Land of Nagar: a survey around Tell Brak." Iraq 58 (1996): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900003168.
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During the campaign at Tell Brak in the spring of 1988 the present authors conducted a survey of tells in the vicinity of the site. Although comprehensive, the work was primarily intended to supplement the 1978 survey by K. Fielden, who investigated the sites surrounding the main tell at Brak itself and those on the lower Jaghjagh between the junction with the Wadi Radd and the modern town of Hassake, with a particular view to fourth and third millennium settlement (Fielden 1978/9).Within a rectangle of c. 170 km covered by the survey almost all the ancient settlements are found in a roughly triangular area half this size (its base being the lower Jaghjagh/Radd to the south and its apex immediately south of Tell Barri). Identifying this area as the “hinterland” of Brak is merely a locally suitable generalization, as Brak belongs to several systems, one being the macro-system of large urban centres scattered across the Habur Plains and adjacent areas, and another the micro-system of smaller settlements in the immediate vicinity of Brak itself. Brak was an important centre from prehistoric times until the late second millennium B.C., but its role necessarily changed through time, and the concomitant changes in the extent of the area economically and politically dependent upon it remain difficult to recognize. In this sense the area covered by our survey can be seen as partly arbitrary, partly reflecting some real limits. To the south, the French 1: 200,000 maps indicate further small sites on the southern fringe of the area visited, and further west on the lower Jaghjagh, beyond the area investigated by us, are numerous sites clustering along the banks of the wadi and its small affluents, many fairly large and with material of late fourth millennium and third millennium date. This area is relevant when studying the Brak hinterland, but it cannot be evaluated before the publication of the evidence collected by K. Fielden. The area to the north certainly overlaps, at least for certain periods, the hinterland of Tell Barri. Directly west and east of Brak, the cartographic gaps within and beyond the present survey are real or nearly so. To the west/northwest the modern village may obscure evidence, but apart from sites on the first affluent of the lower Jaghjagh there seems to be a fairly wide area here with little ancient occupation. Finally, to the east our area meets that surveyed by Meijer, and his map shows only two additional tells (Meijer 1986, Fig. 1, Nos. 269a and 269b), both Islamic. The two neighbouring sites (our Nos. 33 and 34) appear to be geomorphological features and not tells. The area covered should thus include most of the sites belonging to the micro-system of settlement around Tell Brak.
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Kuruvilla, Samuel J. "Palestinian Christian Politics in Comparative Perspective: The Case of Jerusalem's Churches and the Indigenous Arab Christians." Holy Land Studies 10, no. 2 (November 2011): 199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2011.0015.
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The rapid development of the Palestinian national struggle from a rebel guerrilla movement in the 1960s and 1970s to an organisation with many of the attributes of an organised state in the 1980s and 1990s contributed to the politicisation of the Palestinian Christian church in Palestine-Israel. During this period, certain Israeli policies that included land confiscations, church and property destruction, building restrictions and a consequent mass emigration of the faithful, all contributed to a new restrictive climate of political intolerance being faced by the churches. The 1990s and 2000s saw the start and doom of the Oslo ‘peace process’ between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organisation as well as the fruition of many Israeli territorial and settlement policies regarding the Old City and mainly Arab-inhabited East Jerusalem as well as the West Bank of historic Palestine. Church-State relations plummeted to their lowest point in decades during this period. The results of the suspicion and distrust created by these experiences continue to dog the mutual relations of Israelis, Palestinian Christians and Muslims in the Holy Land.
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Chabeda-Barthe, Jemaiyo, and Tobias Haller. "Resilience of Traditional Livelihood Approaches Despite Forest Grabbing: Ogiek to the West of Mau Forest, Uasin Gishu County." Land 7, no. 4 (November 16, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040140.
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This paper is a summary of the findings of research work conducted in two case studies in the Rift Valley, Kenya. This study used the Neo-Institutional theory to interrogate how the rules and regulations (institutions involved) of the agrarian reform process in Kenya are constantly changing and helping to shape the livelihoods of social actors around Mau Forest. The first case study—Ndungulu, is a settlement scheme where the Ogiek ethnic community were resettled between 1995 and 1997 after the land clashes of 1992. The second case study is the Kamuyu cooperative farm, a post-colonial settlement scheme owned by a cooperative society that was founded in 1965 by members from the Kikuyu ethnic group. This study employed qualitative data collection methods intermittently between 2012 and 2017 for a total of two years. A total of 60 interviews were conducted for this research. Thirteen (13) of these were key informant interviews with experts on land. The qualitative interviews were complemented by participant observations and nine focus group discussions. The qualitative data from the interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically. Observations documented as field notes were also analyzed to complement the study findings. In this paper, the challenges, bargaining position and power play between social actors and government institutions implicated in the agrarian reform process in Kenya has been brought to the forefront. For instance, due to the structural issues that date back to the colonial period, the Ogiek have found innovative ways to maintain their daily existence (e.g., maintaining traditional methods of apiculture in Mau Forest). However, constraints in accessing forest land has resulted in them taking desperate measures, namely; selling off land to the Kalenjin in what is called “distress land sales”. On the contrary, the neighboring Kikuyu have maintained their land ownership status despite recurrent ethnic clashes that have occurred during general election years.
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Dakwar, Jamil. "People without Borders for Borders without People: Land, Demography, and Peacemaking under Security Council Resolution 242." Journal of Palestine Studies 37, no. 1 (2007): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2007.37.1.62.
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UN Security Council Resolution 242, drafted to deal with the consequences of the 1967 war, left the outstanding issues of 1948 unresolved. For the first time, new Israeli conflict-resolution proposals that are in principle based on 242 directly involve Palestinian citizens of Israel. This essay explores these proposals, which reflect Israel's preoccupation with maintaining a significant Jewish majority and center on population and territorial exchanges between Israeli settlements in the West Bank and heavily populated Arab areas inside the green line. After tracing the genesis of the proposals, the essay assesses them from the standpoint of international law.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land settlement – West Bank"
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Kayali, H. "Jumping obstacles : the Israeli settlement course." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/d95fd85e-f685-4b29-9640-19f758dd841a/1.
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Since 2005, when the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued its opinion deeming the Israeli Separation Wall and settlements illegal, there have been significant developments in the nonviolent methods adopted for countering Israeli occupation. While Palestinian nonviolent resistance has existed throughout history, from this time onwards, there have been a number of factors that give this period its unique traits. The most central method that has been adopted by all nonviolent actors is to influence economic interaction with Israel in a way that is in line with international law, and is supportive of the official positions adopted by the countries that nonviolent activists aim to influence. While Israeli settlements are illegal according to international law, they include industrial areas that export products to many countries. Through this contradiction, nonviolent activists have found an opportunity to pressurise countries to end their economic ties with those settlements, and consequently put pressure Israel to change its settlement policies. Some of these call for ending economic ties with Israel itself, because it is upholding the settlements, and some call for ending ties only with Israeli settlements; in other words, some target the criminal and others just the crime. In 2010, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) adopted its first unilateral program that was not in agreement with Israel, and which introduced a strategy for the cessation of economic ties with Israeli settlements. This was done through a mixture of national public awareness campaigns to influence consumer behaviour, and the introduction of legislation by which it became illegal for Palestinian enterprises to have any economic ties with Israeli settlements. After starting by focussing on its own markets, the PNA called upon other countries to follow suit by lobbying government officials, parliamentarians, and financial institutions. However, this action came five years after a call for a full boycott, including divestment and sanctions against Israel, made by Palestinian civil society organizations and political parties. This call, known as the BDS call had gained tremendous support and amalgamated a large pool of members internationally by the time that the PNA started with its campaign for a limited boycott. This disparity has had a significant influence on the dynamics of the boycott movement, both locally in Palestine and globally. This research explores those dynamics. It takes an in-‐‑depth look at the effort to end economic ties with settlements, including who the actors are, what they aim for, how they interact, and how effective they have been. The PNA’s program to end economic ties with settlements was chosen as a case study for this doctoral thesis, because of its central position in relation to the topic and the unique access to its documentation through the author’s previous role as its director.
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Pienaar, Ashwin Mark. "Israel and Palestine: some critical international relations perspectives on the 'two-state' solution." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003030.
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This research questions whether Israel and Palestine should be divided into two states. Viewed through the International Relations (IR) theories of Realism and Liberalism, the ‘Two-State’ solution is the orthodox policy for Israel and Palestine. But Israelis and Palestinians are interspersed and share many of the same resources making it difficult to create two states. So, this research critiques the aforementioned IR theories which underpin the ‘Two-State’ solution. The conclusion reached is that there ought to be new thinking on how to resolve the Israel-Palestine issue.
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Walsh, John C. "Landscapes of longing colonization and the problem of state formation in Canada west /." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65839.pdf.
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Bhe, Ntomboxolo Grace. "Land restitution policy in old West Bank location, East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14620.
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This thesis summarises research on the implementation of land restitution policy in the old West Bank Location, in East London. Apartheid legislation dispossessed many Black people of their land. After 1994, the new democratic government implemented a land reform programme, land policy was reviewed, and people were compensated for the loss of land either financially or through restoration of their land. The original cut-off date for claims was 1998, but the window for claims was reopened in July 2014 because of difficulties in implementation. The period for the lodging of claims was extended to end June 2019 to allow people who had not yet been able to do so to participate in the process. In case of the old West Bank Location claims, compensation was in the form of land restoration, including houses which would be built for the claimants. This study documents the successes and challenges encountered in the implementation of land policy in the old West Bank Location. Triangulation of methods was used: data were collected from documents, interviews with claimants, interviews with government officials, and observation of meetings. Recommendations with regard to land policy are made on the basis of the research findings.
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Clement, Cathie. "Australia's north-west : a study of exploration, land policy and land acquisition, 1644-1884." Murdoch University, 1991. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070905.104718.
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The thesis analyses the continuum of European activity that preceded establishment of an effective pastoral industry in Australia's north-west. Two strands - physical activity and evolution of legislation - are interwoven, examining growth in geographical knowledge, proposals for colonisation and the outcome of interplay between government officials and landholders over land policy.
Growth in geographical knowledge gave rise to colonisation proposals from 1828. The thesis relates these proposals to events affecting northern Australia to show that promotion and occupation of north-west lands constituted an integral part of the outgrowth of colonial settlement in Australia.
Europeans occupied the north-west in two waves, abortively during the 1860s and continuously from 1879. The existing literature identifies these waves but provides inadequate analysis of events to 1884. The thesis fills this gap by showing that land hunger, misinformation, land speculation, manipulation of legislation and exploitation of political power for private commercial gain determined the shape of north-west settlement. Moreover, by relating land policy to tenure and occupation, it shows that private individuals influenced land policy and impeded official plans for rapid settlement. Thus, the thesis provides a fresh perspective not only on the prelude to effective pastoral settlement in the north-west but on the management of Western Australia's outlying lands in the period before responsible government.
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Kurtz, June Margaret. "The Albania settlement of Griqualand West, 1866-1878." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004665.
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The history of the Albania Settlement of Griqualand West is examined from its beginnings in 1866 to its demise in 1878. Albania was very much a product of its time. Nineteenth century British colonial policy was basically expansionist, despite minor fluctuations caused by the various influences affecting it, such as the Free Trade and Mercantilist doctrines, social factors within Britain and events within the colonies themselves. From 1815 colonial settlements were fairly common in British territory, especially after Wakefield had provided a convincing theoretical framework for them. Within South Africa itself there are differing interpretations of what motivated British policy and of the role of the missionaries, while the changing political and economic landscape markedly affected Britain's decisions. British Government settlement schemes were undertaken mainly for social or military reasons, but there were also many settlements founded by land speculators. The economically depressed 1860s hit the Eastern Cape hard and this, combined with the transition to sheep farming, which created considerable land hunger, made the Albania scheme attractive to Eastern Cape farmers. The Griqua people led by Andries Waterboer had made a great effort to establish hegemony north of the Orange River, over the Sotho-Tswana and other Griqua chiefs. By 1866 the attempt had failed and Free State farmers were encroaching onto Nicholas Waterboer's lands. When Waterboer's agent, David Arnot, proposed the establishment of a settlement of Albany men to act as a "Wall of Flesh", Waterboer accepted the idea. Arnot's motivation was also land speculation in an area where diamonds were likely to push up land values. From its inception the settlement was dogged by quarrels, mainly over land, amongst the parties involved - the Griqua, brutally removed to make way for the settlers; the settlers, dissatisfied with the land tenure system and their administration; Arnot; the British and the encroaching Boer farmers . After the 1871 annexation of Griqualand West, into which Albania was absorbed, it took seven years, two Land Commissions, a Land Court and a special Land Claims Commissioner to sort out the tangled claims and bring order to the area and Albania's history to a close.
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Bird, Polly. "Landownership and settlement change in south-west Cheshire from 1750 to 2000." Thesis, University of Chester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/68596.
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This work analyses the impact of landownership on the physical development and other factors affecting settlements in south-west Cheshire between 1750 and 2000, seeking to demonstrate the hypothesis that landownership was the overriding influence on settlement growth or decline. To assist in this the work also addresses the related problem of how most accurately to analyse landownership in townships. It therefore presents an original methodology using the Herfmdahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) in an historical context to determine the amount of landowner concentration in a township. The use of HHI as a measure of landownership concentration (indicating the extent of large landowner control) is presented as a more accurate, easy to use, quantifiable method of analysis than the traditional distinction between 'open' and 'closed'. Following a demonstration of HHI's superiority over the traditional terms using examples in south-west Cheshire, HHI is used to analyse the effect on settlement development of landownership trends in the area. HHI is then used to analyse the effect of dominant landowners on the main population trends, transport infrastructure, farming, enclosure and twentieth-century planning and legislation in relation to settlement development in the area. HHI supports the main conclusion that decisions made by large landowners and subsequently planners in south-west Cheshire had a continuous and profound effect on settlement patterns and development from the mid-eighteenth century up to the end of the twentieth century. The intervention and influence of the major landowners and twentieth-century planners hindered settlement growth. Landowners had both a direct influence on settlement development through the buying and selling of land and an indirect influence through their role in determining the transport infrastructure and their bequest of a prevailing pattern of land use, which in turn was preserved via modern planning decisions. Following the decline of major landowners during the early twentieth century, planning laws restricted building in agricultural areas with the aim of preserving agricultural land. Analysis of land tax records in conjunction with HHI shows that although landownership consolidation took place, the number of smaller landowners was maintained and even increased in places and such building as took place was focussed on the increasing number of smaller plots. HHI also demonstrates the discernible trend that in south-west Cheshire the settlements that were the larger, more open settlements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were those that increased in size both physically and in terms of population throughout the period while the smaller closed settlements tended to stagnate or decline. Overall the research has demonstrated that settlements flourished in low HHI townships with less control by large landowners, that settlements in high HHI townships were rarely allowed to grow, and that patterns established in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were perpetuated into the late twentieth and early twenty-first century by a conservative approach to planning.
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Creel, Darrell Glenn, and Darrell Glenn Creel. "A STUDY OF PREHISTORIC BURNED ROCK MIDDENS IN WEST CENTRAL TEXAS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187540.
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Burned rock middens large accumulations of thermally fractured rock are among the most common features in Archaic archaeolgical sites in Central Texas. With a sample of 1654 archaeological sites, the distribution of burned rock midden sites is compared with the occurrence of live oak savanna in an area of approximately 55,800 square kilometers in west central Texas. The objective of this distributional analysis is a preliminary assessment of the hypothesis that burned rock middens relate to prehistoric exploitation of acorns. The similarity of the distribution of burned rock middens to both the modern and postulated Archaic distribution of live oak savanna supports this hypothesis. On this basis, it is Inferred that acorns from Quercus fusiformis and perhaps Q. texana and Q. sinuata, var. breviloba were major foods during at least part of the Archaic period. Burned rock middens are suggested to be accumulations mainly of discarded boiling stone fragments broken from use in stone-boiling of acorn foods. Data on modern areas of live oak savanna are used to show that the acorn production Is quite substantial in some portions of Central Texas and is sufficient in most years to support a population density of 1-3 persons per square kilometer for at least half a year. The implications of this potential are evaluated, especially in regard to the kinds of archaeological remains found at burned rock midden sites. The similarity of the distributions of burned rock middens and live oak savanna suggest that the modern general occurrence of live oak savanna is little changed from that 5000 years ago. The possible loss of oaks in one portion of the study area may reflect either short or long periods of drying conditions at some time since 5000 BP.
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Aggelen, Johannes G. C. van. "Conflicting claims to sovereignty over the West-Bank an in-depth analysis of the historical roots and feasible options in the framework of a future settlement of the dispute /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92137.
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Enav, Yarden B. "Searching for Israeliness in 'No Man's Land' : an ethnographic research of Israeli citizenship in a zionist academic institute in the 'West-Bank' of Israel/Palestine." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4083.
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This thesis is the result of ethnographic research carried out in an Israeli academic institution, located in the West-Bank of Israel/Palestine. Focusing on the social science department, the research examines the content and context of the study of social anthropology in this institute namely, The Academic College of Judea & Samaria ('The ACJS'), and analyses the ways in which Israeli identity is being understood and imagined by its students. Part One of the thesis examines the broad academic and geo-political context of the study of social anthropology in The Academic College of Judea & Samaria (The ACJS). This part includes three chapters: The first chapter presents an historical analysis of 'Israeli Social Anthropology' as a (Zionist) national tradition of ethnographic research. The second chapter is an introduction to the research of citizenship in Israel/Palestine and to the related concept of Israeliness as a 'culture of citizenship'. It includes an analysis of the West-Bank of Israel/Palestine as a disputed geo-political entity and a (political) no man's land within the international system of nation-states. The third chapter is an outline of the Jewish-Israeli settlement project in the West-Bank of Israel/Palestine, and also introduces the reader to the WB settlers. Part Two of the thesis is ethnographic and includes three chapters. The first chapter is ethnography of the West-Bank settlement-town where the ACJS is located, Ariel 'Settlementown'. This chapter incorporates a new descriptive method in political anthropology or, in the 'anthropology of the political', that of ‘sensing the political’ (Navaro-Yashin, 2003). The second and third chapters of the ethnographic part describe and analyze 'everyday life' in the ACJS itself, focusing on its social sciences department. It examines the way in which social anthropology is taught in the ACJS, and the ways in which Israeli identity is imagined and understood by its students. The summary of the thesis includes a triple hierarchical model of Israeli citizenship, based on this research, as well as suggestions for further research in the field of political anthropology and the anthropology of citizenship. The analytical focus of this research is Israeli citizenship and the concept of Israeliness as a 'culture of citizenship'. The research set itself as a search for the ways in which Israeliness was expressed and practiced in the 'everyday life' of people in the ACJS, and especially among its social science students and faculty. Studying Israeliness as a culture of citizenship implies adopting a new and different way of conceptualizing and understanding Israeli identity. Instead of adopting the Zionist political image of a (Jewish) national community, a view which, as has been the situation also in Israeli Social Anthropology, excludes non-Jewish citizens of Israel, the concept of Israeliness as a 'culture of citizenship' offers a new image of an Israeli political identity/community, one that includes all citizens of the State of Israel, regardless of their ethnic/religious identity and belonging. Thus, it is intended that the main contribution of this thesis will be to 'Israeli Social Anthropology' in filling these methodological and theoretical Lacunae, and in showing a way out of what appears to be a conceptual dead-end which it had reached concerning the interpretation and representation of Israeli identity. This intention seems even more advisable in the particular case of Israel/Palestine, where an adoption of the more inclusive discourse of 'citizenship' might contribute towards ‘Peace Education’, so much needed today as part of the long-term efforts to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Books on the topic "Land settlement – West Bank"
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Lein, Yehezkel. Land grab: Israel's settlement policy in the West Bank. Jerusalem: B'Tselem, 2002.
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al-Filasṭīnī, Markaz al-Jughrāfī. Survey of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip: Figures & analysis : preliminary report. Ramallah: Palestinian Geographic Center (PALGRIC), 1995.
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Friedman, Robert I. Zealots for Zion: Inside Israel's West Bank settlement movement. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
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Friedman, Robert I. Zealots for Zion: Inside Israel's West Bank settlement movement. New York: Random House, 1992.
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David, Newman. Colonia in suburbia: Reflections on 25 years of Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, 1992.
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Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.). Centre for International Relations, ed. Israel's settlements in the West Bank: Should the United States care? Kingston, Ont: Queen's Centre for International Relations, Queen's University, 2010.
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Jerusalem), Bimkom (Organization :., and Be-tselem (Organization :. Jerusalem), eds. Ḳroniḳah shel sipuaḥ yaduʻa me-rosh: Kaṿanoteha shel memshelet Yiśraʼel be-haḳamat Maʻaleh Adumim, ha-tokhniyot le-ḥabrah la-ʻir Yerushalayim ṿeha-pegiʻah ba-Palesṭinim. Yerushalayim: Bimkom, 2009.
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Farsakh, Leila. Palestinian labour migration to Israel: Labour, land and occupation. New York, N.Y: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Land settlement – West Bank"
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Uppal, Javed Yunas. "Development of Lahore at West Bank of Ravi." In Hydraulic Design in Water Resources Engineering: Land Drainage, 179–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22014-6_18.
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Mayne, Hannah. "Zooming-In on Terms and Spaces: Women’s Perspectives and Cognitive Mapping in a West Bank Settlement." In The Changing World Religion Map, 3227–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_170.
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Nederlof, Marc, and Eric van Wayjen. "5. Religion and local water rights versus land owners and state: irrigation in Izucar de Matamoros (west bank), Mexico." In Crops, People and Irrigation, 73–89. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444727.005.
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Gado, Yasmine. "Corporate Complicity in Human Rights Abuses under Oslo." In The Oslo Accords. American University in Cairo Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774167706.003.0022.
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This chapter discusses the role of corporations in human rights violations under Oslo. Oslo provided Israel with legal control over a majority of West Bank land and control over the passage of people and goods across borders, giving Israel greater freedom to build and expand the settlements in Area C, exploit its natural resources, and build the “separation wall” inside the West Bank. These activities have provided lucrative opportunities for corporate exploitation, and in most cases Israel could not conduct them without corporate assistance. The involvement of corporations in providing goods and services relating to Israel's occupation of the West Bank has been categorized by researchers into three areas: the settlement industry, exploitation of captive consumer and labor markets, and population control.
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"Land and Settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip." In Palestinian Labour Migration to Israel, 61–82. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203431658-14.
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Kretzmer, David, and Yaël Ronen. "Planning and Building in Area C." In The Occupation of Justice, 273–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696023.003.0013.
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Under the Oslo Accords land planning and construction in Areas A and B of the West Bank are the responsibility of the Palestinian Authority. This chapter discusses judicial review of planning and building policies and legal arrangements in Area C, which remain Israel’s responsibility. The chapter’s focus is local planning power, the building-permit regime, and enforcement of planning law. As in other chapters the issue of Israeli settlements lies at the heart of government policies and practices in the issue under review. The chapter reviews and criticises the Court’s approach to the different policies adopted by the Israeli authorities towards planning and building for Israeli settlements and Palestinian communities.
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Gilbert, Mads. "Israeli Impunity." In The Oslo Accords. American University in Cairo Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774167706.003.0016.
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This chapter discusses how Palestinians are being killed, wounded, maimed, and oppressed by Israeli governmental forces with little or no international pressure to limit, stop, or prosecute systematic attacks on Palestinian civilians. With its immense, deliberate destructiveness, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in Gaza have systematically attacked and eliminated people as well as predefined physical targets, all based on an Israeli military-political paradigm known as the Dahiya Doctrine. The aim of these Israeli attacks has been to “send Gaza decades into the past” while at the same time attaining “the maximum number of enemy casualties and keeping IDF casualties at a minimum.” Palestinian leaders have called on the Palestinian Authority to abolish the Oslo Accords since Israel has refused to commit to its obligations and instead has continued land grabs and settlement expansion in the West Bank and brutal attacks on civilian society in Gaza. Negotiations toward a final peace agreement have failed simply because Israel does not want peace.
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"WEST BANK Settlement Growth." In Architectures of Humanitarian Space. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035608267-007.
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Peretz, Don. "Jewish Settlement in the West Bank." In The West Bank, 59–78. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367274474-7.
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"Land Settlement and Military Colonies." In China Marches West, 324–57. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjsf6nq.15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Land settlement – West Bank"
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Marbun, Supardy. "Actualizing Land Bank as One of The Efforts to Prevention of Land Disputes and Conflicts Settlement." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2020, July 1st 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-7-2020.2303664.
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Lupandin, Vladimir, Raj Thamburaj, and Alexander Nikolayev. "Test results of the OGT2500 Gas Turbine Engine Running on Alternative Fuels: BioOil, Ethanol, BioDiesel and Crude Oil." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68488.
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This paper describes the results of an on going development program aimed at determining the technical feasibility of utilizing alternative fuels such as bio-mass derived BioOil, Ethanol, Bio-Diesel and bituminous Crude Oil in a 2.5 MW GT2500 industrial Gas Turbine Engine. This gas turbine engine was designed and manufactured by “Zorya-Mashproekt” in the Ukraine and further modified for the alternative fuels application through a join development program between “Zorya-Mashproekt” and Orenda Aerospace Corporation in Canada. The modification of the GT2500 Gas Turbine Engine hot section and combustion system to operate on liquid alternative fuels are described. Also described is an engine hot section online cleaning system and features of the fuel-handling module, which carries out fuel preheating and preprocessing. A test rig equipped with a load bank was designed and built to test the modified GT2500 Gas turbine Engine on different alternative fuels (full speed/full power). Results of the modified GT2500 gas turbine engine operation along with the emissions data are presented. The tests proved the technical feasibility of operating this gas turbine engine on the alternative fuels mentioned above. Based on these results a power generation package with the engine and fuel handling module have been accepted for commercial operation in a pilot plant under construction in West Lorne, Ontario, Canada.
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Reis Santos, Mariana. "Does the implementation of special zones of social interest (ZEIS) encourages adequate housing in precarious settlement? The case of San Paolo." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/hfqf7018.
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With the establishment of the Constitution of 1988, a new approach to urban governance emerged in Brazil. The document brought significant changes regarding the right to the city and adequate housing, in particular, for the urban poor. The recognition of these rights triggered the experimentation with inclusionary policies around the country (Rolnik and Santoro, 2013). As a result, informal settlements started to be acknowledged as part of the formal city and were included in zoning and planning laws. One of the main outcomes of these experiments was the creation of Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS), a land and housing policy that linked investments on infrastructure in precarious settlements to land regularisation processes. In 2001, ZEIS was incorporated into the City Statute, a document that established a range of collective rights to guide land use and development. Since then, the instrument has gained popularity in the country as a land regularisation tool. Nevertheless, a considerable share of settlements remains poorly built and addressing informality is still a challenge. Therefore, this paper evaluated the co-relation between the implementation of ZEIS, land regularisation processes and provision of basic infrastructure in precarious settlements. More specifically, it measured the quality of State interventions supported by the zoning. By focusing on quality, this article aimed to evaluate whether ZEIS has encouraged adequate housing conditions for the urban poor or reinforced precarious patterns of development. To explore this relationship, a case study was conducted on the performance of ZEIS in Favela of Sapé, a settlement in the West of São Paulo. As a methodology, case studies have become a common option for performing evaluations and analyse what a program, practice or police has achieved (Yin, 2012). Moreover, this research strategy commonly relies on various sources of field-based information (Yin, 2012). Accordingly, this paper comprised mainly primary qualitative data. It also made broad use of content and secondary analysis, with the goal of ensuring validity and reliability. The performance of ZEIS in Sapé demonstrated that since its implementation, in 2001, tenure security and physical characteristics have enhanced considerably in the area, particularly, when it comes to housing quality and provision of basic infrastructure. Nevertheless, these accomplishments are being compromised by a strong process of reoccupation which is supported by illegal organisations. In addition, there is a delay of the Municipality in meeting the demands for housing in the area because of governance issues and mismanagement of financial resources. This scenario, combined with a weak inspection body, has once again permitted the development of precarious housing and infrastructure in the area. It also has compromised the issuance of freehold land titles to the settlement’s dwellers. In other words, the site is under a vicious circle where neither the provision of housing and infrastructure is enough to meet the demand nor the land regularisation is completed because of the reoccupations. In sum, although the implementation of ZEIS seems to have a share of responsibility in Sapé’s upgrading process, the local authorities do not have the capacity of reinforcement necessary to maintain these improvements. Furthermore, it is fair to assume that the current legal framework provided by ZEIS is not adequate for the context of São Paulo and requires further adjustments. Not only because of the complex character of the city, but also because in practice, urban norms may be interpreted differently according to political and cultural conditions (Rolnik, 1997).
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Atanasio-Guisado, Alberto, and Juan Francisco Molina-Rozalem. "Implantación territorial y análisis arquitectónico de los búnkeres del Subsector IV del estrecho de Gibraltar (Conil, Vejer y Barbate)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11491.
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Territorial implantation and architectural analysis of the bunkers on Subsector IV, Strait of Gibraltar (Conil, Vejer and Barbate)The fortified system executed on the north bank of the Strait of Gibraltar from 1939 pursued two objectives: an offensive one, for which coastal batteries and lighting projectors were installed; and a defensive one, for which around four hundred reinforced concrete bunkers were built for machine guns and / or anti-tank guns along the coastal strip that runs from San Roque to Conil de la Frontera. According to the military archive documentation, the device for the defense of the land front and against landings on the coast was organized into four subsectors, designated with roman numerals from east to west. Subsector IV, the westernmost, extends from Barbate to Conil, through Vejer de la Frontera. Divided into two resistance centers, it is the one that contained the lowest density of positions, with a total of twenty-seven pillboxes. This communication has a double purpose. On the one hand, deepen the territorial implantation of the bunker network of Subsector IV, to understand that is fundamental the systemic conception between them and between them and the whole set of bunkers. Secondly, to carry out an individual and specific architectural analysis of each one of the works, focusing on the constructive characteristics and the existence of possible typological relationships.
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Surzhikov, V. I. "К ВОПРОСУ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО УЩЕРБА ОТ НАВОДНЕНИЙ." In GEOGRAFICHESKIE I GEOEKOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIIA NA DAL`NEM VOSTOKE. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.97.29.018.
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В статье приведены результаты анализа работ отечественных авторов, посвященных оценке экономического и социального ущерба, наносимого опасными гидрологическими явлениями (наводнениями). Все методики носят рекомендательный характер. Авторами принимаются во внимание различные факторы, влияющие на размер ущерба. Использование различных критериев, составляющих ущерб, приводит к получению разных цифр. Большинство методик не являются комплексными, не учитывают региональную специфику. Чаще всего определяется только реальный или прогнозный прямой ущерб, в то время как косвенный ущерб не рассчитывается. Преобладают оценки экономического ущерба в связи с ориентацией статистики на учет материальных ценностей. Социальный ущерб от наводнений оценить сложнее. Однако ущерб здоровью пострадавших от наводнений людей представляет не меньшую проблему, чем ущерб экономики. В статье отмечается, что для минимизации негативного воздействия, наносимого опасными гидрологическими явлениями (наводнениями), чрезвычайно важным является определение территорий потенциально подверженных риску наводнений. Выделено три этапа. На первом этапе требуется создание банка гидрометеорологических данных (превышение опасной отметки уровня воды и случаи затопления близлежащего населённого пункта, максимальные уровни, расходы воды, водного режима). На втором этапе производятся гидрологические расчеты, определяются уровни и расходы воды разной процентной обеспеченности. На третьем этапе на основе данных дистанционного зондирования земли строится цифровой рельеф исследуемой территории, изолинии рельефа нужной детальности, карта зон затопления (на основе рассчитанных уровня и расхода воды разной процентной обеспеченности), определяются площади затопления при 1 и 10 обеспеченности. Завершающим шагом является добавление таких данных Публичной кадастровой карты, как площадь земельного участка, его кадастровая стоимость и вид разрешенного использования. Используя нормативы укрупненных удельных показателей стоимости прямого ущерба в расчете на 1 га затопляемой площади населенных пунктов, возможно рассчитать прогнозный экономический ущерб. Для расчета прогнозного социального ущерба потребуются данные численности населения, проживающего в прогнозируемых зонах затопления, его половозрастной состав, занятость.The article presents the results of an analysis of the works of domestic authors on the assessment of economic and social damage caused by dangerous hydrological phenomena (floods). All methods are advisory in nature. The authors take into account various factors affecting the amount of damage. The use of various criteria constituting the damage leads to different numbers. Most of the methods are not complex, do not take into account regional specifics. Most often, only real or forecast direct damage is determined, while indirect damage is not calculated. Estimates of economic damage prevail in connection with the orientation of statistics on accounting for material values. Social damage from floods is more difficult to assess. However, the damage to the health of people affected by floods is no less a problem than damage to the economy. The article notes that in order to minimize the negative impact caused by hazardous hydrological events (floods), it is extremely important to identify areas that are potentially at risk of floods. Three stages are distinguished. At the first stage, the creation of a hydrometeorological data bank is required (excess of a dangerous water level mark and cases of flooding of a nearby settlement, maximum levels, water discharge, water regime). At the second stage, hydrological calculations are made, the levels and discharges of water of different interest rates are determined. At the third stage, based on the data of remote sensing of the earth, a digital topography of the study area, contour contours of the required detail, a map of flood zones (based on the calculated level and flow rate of water with different percentage coverage) are built, and the flood areas are determined at 1 and 10 coverage. The final step is to add such data of the Public Cadastral Map as the area of the land plot, its cadastral value and type of permitted use. Using the standards of aggregated specific indicators of the cost of direct damage per 1 ha of flooded area of settlements, it is possible to calculate the predicted economic damage. To calculate the predicted social damage, you will need data on the number of people living in the forecasted flood zones, their gender and age composition, and employment.