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Journal articles on the topic 'Land snails'
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1
Ademolu, K. O., A. B. Idowu, and O. A. Jayeola. "Changes in Haemolymph Biochemical values during different growth phases in African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina Marginata) Swainson." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i1.1200.
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The impact of growth phases on the haemolympy biochemical value of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata was studied. The growth phases were: snailet, juvenile and Adult based on the number of whorls on the shell and weight of the snails. Highest concentration of glucose and lipids were recorded at the juvenile phase (40.20mg/dl), while least values for glucose (20.00mg/dl) and lipids (37.80mg/dl)were recorded during snailer and adult phases respectively. A progressive increase in the concentration of protein was observed as the snails moved from snailetphase to adult phase, hence snails in adult phase had highest concentration of protein in their haemolymph. Growth phases significantly (p<0.05) affected the haemolymph mineral composition of the snails, juvenile phase had the highest values in ca2+,PO4+ and Na+, while the adult phase recorded the least concentration in ca2+, Na amd cl-2. Juvenile growth phase of A. marginata thus has better haemolymph biochemical values than both snailet and adult growth phases.
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Ito, Shun, and Junji Konuma. "Disruptive selection of shell colour in land snails: a mark–recapture study of Euhadra peliomphala simodae." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz168.
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Abstract Many theoretical studies have suggested that disruptive selection plays an important role in phenotypic divergence, but few studies have determined the action of disruptive selection on phenotypic divergence via field studies. This study investigated the effect of disruptive selection on shell colour polymorphism in the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae to determine whether extreme phenotypes of snail shell colour are favoured over intermediate phenotypes. We conducted field surveys on an oceanic island with black, yellow and intermediate-coloured E. p. simodae snails. We captured and marked ~1800 individual snails and monitored their survival over 18 months. We quantified shell colours against images and examined the frequency distribution of shell colour variation. The variation exhibited a bimodal distribution with a far lower frequency of intermediate-coloured snails than of black or yellow snails. The population sizes of the three snail groups fluctuated synchronously with the changing seasons. Bayesian estimates showed lower survival rates for juvenile intermediate-coloured snails than for juvenile black and yellow snails, implying there was disruptive selection associated with shell colour. We suggest this disruptive selection may have resulted in the evolutionary divergence of the snail’s shell colour within the lineage having high shell colour variation.
3
Heryanto, Heryanto. "Land snails on two different sides of Mt. Galunggung." BIO Web of Conferences 19 (2020): 00007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201900007.
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It has been 32 years since the eruption of Mount Galunggung that the land snail diversity in the area were examined, not only in the stricken area but also in the secure place on the other side. The recent collection found 250 snails of 10 families (29 species). In the impacted area, 15 species (154 individuals) of land snails were discovered, whereas 18 species (96 individuals) were discovered in the unimpacted area. By a t-Student statistical analysis (95% confidence interval) for comparison between area of equal variances it was discovered that the two area differ significantly. The analysis was continued by using NMDS of PAST to show the difference more detail. This research proves that the snail assemblage in the impact area of eruption area were different with the snail’s assemblage in the unimpacted other side of the Mount.
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Herdiawan, Boni, Putri Afin Nurhayati, and Galuh Ayu Chantika Dwitara. "Inventory of Land Snail in Darungan Lake, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park 2019." Jurnal Biota 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v6i1.5219.
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This study aims to determine the diversity of land snails that have never been revealed before. The location of this research is in the forest in the Ranu Darungan Resort area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The method used in this study is the 1.5 km transect line method. Land snails are often found behind leaves, around tree roots, and around leaf litter. The results of this study obtained 20 species of land snails, each of which has different characteristics. Land snail identification is using a land snail identification book. The lack of information about land snails in the Ranu Darungan Resort area makes this research expected to be the basis for further research.
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Igbinosa, I. B., C. Isaac, H. O. Adamu, and G. Adeleke. "Parasites of edible land snails in Edo State, Nigeria." Helminthologia 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0031.
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Summary Land snails are sources of protein to man and are hosts to a number of parasites. It is imperative that the roles of the snail hosts and parasites are clearly defined. Before then however, the parasites of the different land snails collected in any locality should be identified. Land snails were collected in the wild in both dry and wet seasons. The internal organs and the faeces were examined for the presence of parasite. In the rainy season of 2015, a total of 272 snails were collected across four major towns (Benin, Uromi, Ekpoma and Auchi) in Edo State, Nigeria, while in the dry season, fewer snails (n=91) were handpicked. The snail species seen are: Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Férussac, 1821), Acharchatina marginata (Swainson, 1982), Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1839), L. flammea (Müller, 1774) and Limicolariopsis spp. The larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were isolated from the various snail species with overall prevalence of 54.04 %. Snails positive with Alaria mesocercariae were L. aurora, L. flammea and Limicolariopsis spp. Additionally, few L. flammea were positive of the cercariae of Drocoelium dedriticum. Meanwhile, some samples of A. fulica harboured larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonesis, sporocysts of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mansoni. Therefore, these edible snails could pose serious health hazard to man and animals by serving as a possible alternative parasite transmission route.
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Sutcharit, Chirasak, Phanara Thach, Samol Chhuoy, Peng Bun Ngor, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Warut Siriwut, Ruttapon Srisonchai, et al. "Annotated checklist of the land snail fauna from southern Cambodia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." ZooKeys 948 (July 13, 2020): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.51671.
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Prior to this study, few collections and records were made of the land snails in Cambodia and the historical taxa had never been reviewed. Herein a report on the land snail diversity based on specimens collected recently from karstic and non-karstic areas in southern Cambodia is provided. This checklist presents 36 species of land snails (two Neritimorpha, six Caenogastropoda, and 28 Heterobranchia). Illustrations and brief taxonomic notes/remarks are provided for every species. We also described Georrisa carinata Sutcharit & Jirapatrasilp, sp. nov. based on some distinct shell morphological characters. Since the first descriptions during the colonial period in the nineteenth century, some land snail species (e.g., Trichochloritis norodomiana, Durgella russeola, Anceyoconcha siamensis obesulacomb. nov., Anceyoconcha chaudoensiscomb. nov., and Succinea tenuis) have not been reported subsequently. This probably reflects a lack of knowledge concerning land snail biodiversity in this country. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of land snails in southern Cambodia. A need for more field research and systematic revision of the land snails in this interesting region is also highlighted and demonstrated.
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Oso, Opeyemi G., and Alex B. Odaibo. "Land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters and freshwater snails in Yewa North, Southwestern Nigeria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): e0246566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246566.
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The management of ecosystem has been a major contributor to the control of diseases that are transmitted by snail intermediate hosts. The ability of freshwater snails to self-fertilize, giving rise to thousands of hatchlings, enables them to contribute immensely to the difficulty in reducing the endemicity of some infections in the world. One of the effects of land use/land cover change (LU/LCC) is deforestation, which, in turn, leads to the creation of suitable habitats for the survival of freshwater snails. This study was aimed at studying the land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters of water bodies and to understand the interplay between them and freshwater snails in an environment where a new industrial plant was established. Landsat TM, 1984, Landsat ETM+ 2000 and Operational land Imager (OLI) 2014 imageries of the study area were digitally processed using ERDAS Imagine. The land use classification includes settlement, water bodies, wetlands, vegetation and exposed surface. Dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids and conductivity were measured with multipurpose digital meters. Snail sampling was done at each site for 30 minutes along the littoral zones, using a long-handled scoop (0.2mm mesh size) net once every month for 24 months. Independent t-test was used to determine the variation between seasons, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and snail species while regression was used to analyze the relationship between LU/LCC and freshwater snails. Species’ richness, diversity and evenness were examined using Margalef, Shannon Weiner and Equitability indexes. Snail species recovered include: Bulinus globosus, Bulinus jousseaumei, Bulinus camerunensis, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus forskalii, Amerianna carinatus, Ferrissia spp., Segmentorbis augustus, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus costulatus, Indoplanorbis exuxtus and Gibbiella species. Out of the total snails recovered, M. tuberculata (2907) was the most abundant, followed by Lymnaea natalensis (1542). The highest number of snail species was recovered from Iho River while the least number of snails was recovered from Euro River. The mean and standard deviation of physico-chemical parameters of the water bodies were DO (2.13±0.9 mg/L), pH (6.80±0.4), TDS (50.58±18.8 mg/L), Temperature (26.2±0.9°C) and Conductivity (74.00±27.5 μS/cm). There was significant positive correlation between pH and B. globosus (r = 0.439; P<0.05). Dissolved oxygen showed significant positive correlation with B. globosus (r = 0.454; P<0.05) and M. tuberculata (r = 0.687; P<0.01). There was a positive significant relationship between LULCC and B. camerunensis (p<0.05). The positive relationship between LULCC and the abundance of B. globosus, B. jousseaumei was not significant. The area covered by water bodies increased from 3.72 to 4.51 kilometers; this indicates that, more suitable habitats were being created for the multiplication of freshwater snails. We therefore conclude that, increase in areas suitable for the survival of freshwater snails could lead to an increase in water-borne diseases caused by the availability of snail intermediate hosts.
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Baur, Anette, and Bruno Baur. "Are roads barriers to dispersal in the land snail Arianta arbustorum?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-091.
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The effect of road width on dispersal in the land snail Arianta arbustorum was examined by recording displacements of marked individuals during one activity season (3 months) in central Sweden. For two sites, a paved road (8 m wide, low traffic density) and an unpaved track (3 m wide), the snails' movements were largely confined to roadside verges. The snails followed the vegetation belts; the average displacements ranged from 1.5 to 4.9 m at different sites. Several snails covered large distances, the maximum recorded being 14 m. Despite these long-distance dispersers, only one of the recaptured snails crossed the paved road and two crossed the track, indicating that the road and, to a minor extent, the track acted as dispersal barriers. By contrast, an overgrown path (0.3 m wide) did not influence the snails' movement. Our results suggest that snail populations separated by paved roads with high traffic densities may be isolated from each other.
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Kel, D., Hasan Gökçe, D. Bilgiç, D. Ağaoğulları, I. Duman, M. L. Öveçoğlu, Eyup Sabri Kayali, Ismail Akin Kiyici, Simeon Agathopoulos, and F. N. Oktar. "Production of Natural Bioceramic from Land Snails." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.287.
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There are thousands of land snail species, ranging in size from 1 mm to the Giant African Snail growing up to a foot long. Two species, known as escargot, helix aspersa and helix pomatia, are commercially important. Helix pomatia is abundant in Turkey. Those snails are exported usually without shells. Shells are damped to trash sites or used as substitute food for animals. The shell is rich in calcium carbonate and some other minor minerals. Thus, snails’ shells can be used as a source for bioceramic production. So far, in the literature there are lot of papers about converting calcite and aragonite structures to hydroxyapatite (HA), like corals, sea shells, sea urchin and other sea creatures. However, there is very limited information about converting land snail shells to HA and other bioceramic phases. The aim of this work was to produce various phases of bioceramic materials from land snails’ shells which are left as a residue waste after their export procedures. Empty local land snails’ shells (helix pomatia) were collected in Istanbul. They were washed, dried, crushed and ball milled until a powder of 100 µm particles size was obtained. Raw powders were stirred at 80°C for 15 min on a hotplate. A second part of the raw powder was stirred with an ultrasonic stirrer at 80°C for 15 min in an ultrasonic equipment. Equivalent amount of H3PO4 was added drop by drop into the solution. The reaction lasted for 8h. Then, to evaporate the liquid part, the mixtures were put into an incubator at 100°C for 24 h and the resultant dried sediments were collected. The produced powders were analyzed with X-ray diffraction, IR and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results confirmed the formation of various Ca-phosphates, specifically monetite, fluorapatite and some other minor calcium phosphate phases. Bioceramic production from land snail is a reliable and economic way comparing to other tedious methods of producing synthetic HA and other various bioceramics phases.
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Ulagesan, Selvakumari, and Hak Kim. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Proteins Extracted from Seven Different Snails." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081362.
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Snails have been used both as a food and as a treatment for a variety of medicinal conditions. In this study, seven different snail proteins were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Fresh water and land snails of seven different live species were collected and identified. Crude proteins were extracted from seven different snails. The extracted proteins were estimated using Bradford’s method and snail proteins were displayed using a sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The seven different snail proteins were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal cultures by agar well diffusion method and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). One of the most active, crude proteins was from land snail Cryptozona bistrialis and its protein was capable of completely inhibiting the development of pathogenic bacterial and fungal cultures. This study shows that the land snail C. bistrialis proteins could be used as an antibiotic in biomedical research.
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Heryanto, Heryanto. "KEANEKARAGAMAN KEONG DI PULAU ENGGANO, BENGKULU UTARA." BERITA BIOLOGI 16, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v16i1.2240.
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Research on the diversity of snails in Enggano, Central Bengkulu was held on 16 April 2015 to 5 May 2015 by taking three sampling sites that are north-western part of Enggano (Kampung Bendung at Desa Banjarsari and Desa Meok), the centralpart of Enggano (Desa Malakoni) and the south-easternpart of Enggano (Desa Kaana). Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling while the analysis using graphical method and statistical cluster and t-test. This study found 722 specimens of snails which consists of 24 species from 17 families. Most of the snails found are in small size. Land snails in the forest dominates the north-easternpart as much as 88.2%. compared to freshwater snails (11.8%). Terrestrial and freshwater snails share amount 50% each in the forest of the central, while terrestrial snails still dominate in the forest of south-eastern part (land snails: snail freshwater = 71.4%: 28.6% ). The existence of land snails and freshwater can not be separated from the state forests themselves besides the condition of the soil and surface water as a result of the topography of the island
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Yanes, Yurena, María P. Asta, Miguel Ibáñez, María R. Alonso, and Christopher S. Romanek. "Paleoenvironmental implications of carbon stable isotope composition of land snail tissues." Quaternary Research 80, no. 3 (November 2013): 596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.08.010.
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Land snail shell δ13C value is often used as a paleovegetation proxy assuming that snails ingest all plants in relation to their abundance, and that plants are the only source of carbon. However, carbonate ingestion and variable metabolic rates complicate these relationships. We evaluate if live-collected snails from Lanzarote (Canary Islands) reflect the abundance of C3 and CAM plants. Snails were collected on either CAM or C3 plants for isotope analysis of shell and body, and shell size. Respective shell and body δ13C values of snails collected on CAM plants averaged − 8.5 ± 1.7‰ and − 22.8 ± 1.6‰, whereas specimens from C3 plants averaged − 10.1 ± 0.7‰ and − 24.9 ± 1.1‰. A flux balance model suggests snails experienced comparable metabolic rates. A two-source mass balance equation implies that snails consumed ~ 10% of CAM, which agrees with their abundance in the landscape. Snails collected on CAM plant were smaller than those on C3 plants. Conclusively: 1) snails consume CAM plants when they are available; 2) migration of snails among C3 and CAM plants is a common phenomenon; and 3) C3 plants may be a more energetic food for growth than CAM plants. This study shows that shell δ13C values offer approximate estimates of plants in C3–CAM mixed environments.
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Gheoca, Voichita. "CAN HELICICULTURE ACT AS A TOOL FOR EDIBLE LAND SNAILS’ NATURAL POPULATIONS’ MANAGEMENT IN ROMANIA?" Management of Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msd-2013-0011.
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ABSTRACT Edible land snails are intensively exploited and the management of natural populations is a complex issue due the variety of factors involved. Two species of the genus Helix are present in our country, Helix pomatia and Helix lucorum, both of them collected since 1956. Although current legislation regulates the exploited amount and the dimension of collected snails, the exploitable amount is not assessed using appropriate ecological studies. The farming of edible snails has evolved in Romania especially during the period 2004-2008, the first farms being financed by the SAPARD Project. The inappropriate documentation on the matter of snail farming had lead to a quick failure of this practice in Romania. It is unlikely that snail farming will replace collection on short or medium term, but obtaining reasonable quantities of snails in snail farms could help to reduce their exploitation in nature to an acceptable level and keep a sustainable exploitation
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Gheoca, Voichiţa, and Lorena Popescu. "Land Snail Communities in Limestone Gorges from the Southern Part of the Metaliferi Mountains (Apuseni Mountains, Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 20, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2018-0020.
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Abstract This study focuses on terrestrial gastropod communities in a karst area, where the presence of water and the limestone generates favourable environment for land snails. Three limestone gorges were analysed located in the southeast of the Metaliferi Mountains. Four different habitats in three limestone gorges were analysed – Glodului, Cibului and Mada. A total of 42 species of land snails were identified. The terrestrial gastropod communities in the area are dominated by calciphile species, such as Granaria frumentum, Truncatellina cylindrica and Alopia bielzii madensis. The differences between the analysed habitats are not pronounced enough to be reflected in the structure of the snail communities. Significant positive correlation was found between the abundance of land snails and the habitat exposure.
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Ademolu, K. O., A. B. Idowu, A. O. Jayeola, I. Osunsina, G. A. Dedeke, F. Oluwafemi, and E. Ibie. "Influence of Different Management Systems on Gut Microbes and Chemical Constituents of Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 39, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v39i2.726.
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The impact of management systems on the African giant land snail, Archachatina marginata found in Abeokuta, Nigeria was investigated. The gut microbial load, haemolymph biochemical values (proteins, lipids, glucose, Na+, Ca2+,K+, Cl- PO42+) and proximate composition (crude protein, fat, fibre, ash and carbohydrates) of the flesh were determined in these snails. There were significantly (P<0.05) higher colony forming units (cfu) in the gut of snails from the wild (5.24 x103) than the domesticated snails (3.13 x103). The aemolymph biochemical values and flesh proximate composition were significantly higher in the snails from the wild than the domesticated ones. However, antinutrients and mineral composition of the flesh were not significantly affected by the management systems. The implication of these results on snail meat value in Nigeria is discussed.
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Ali, Safaa M., Naeima M. H. Yousef, and Nivien A. Nafady. "Application of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Land SnailEobania vermiculataand Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/218904.
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The land snailEobania vermiculatais an important crop pest causing considerable damage in agriculture. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the possibilities of using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control the land snail. The AgNPs have been synthesized biologically using white radish (Raphanus sativusvar.aegyptiacus). The biosynthesis was regularly monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction spectra revealed peaks of crystalline nature of AgNPs and the transmission electron micrographs further confirmed the size of the synthesized nanoparticles ranging from 6 to 38 nm. The exposure of the snails and soil matrix to AgNPs in a laboratory experiment reduced the activity and the viability of the land snail (20% of AgNPs treated snails died) as well as the frequency of fungal population in the surrounding soil. Moreover histology and ultrastructure alterations have been found in both kidney and the digestive gland of AgNPs treated land snails. The synergistic effect of synthesized AgNPs as antifungal was evaluated and clearly revealed that AgNPs can be effectively used against various plant pathogenic fungi. The present study results may open a new avenue to use the snail as bioindicator organism of environmental pollution.
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ARAVIND, NEELAVAR ANANTHRAM, RAJASHEKHAR KHANAGOWDA PATIL, and NEELAVAR ANANTHRAM MADHYASTHA. "Micromolluscs of the Western Ghats, India: Diversity, distribution and threats." Zoosymposia 1 (July 25, 2008): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.1.1.17.
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The Western Ghats, India, is one of the 34 hotspots of biological diversity in India and harbour high levels of endemism in a variety of taxa. Research on the faunistic diversity of this hotspot have focused on higher taxa such as mammals and birds and lesser taxa such as land snails have not been studied. Given the rapid land transformation occurring in the Western Ghats, there is an urgent need to study the impact of land use change on poorly known taxa such as land snails. The fi rst attempt was made here to assess the distribution patterns of the land snails of the Western Ghats in relation to land use and habitat disturbances. We assessed geographical distribution patterns of microgastropods along the Western Ghats on the basis of published literature and data from fi eld studies and the impact of land use change and habitat disturbance on microgastropods in the wet forests of the central Western Ghats: a) approximately 40% of the total 269 species of land snails recorded from the Western Ghats were microgastropods, b) the southern Western Ghats harbours high species richness for both micromolluscs as well as macromolluscs compared to the central and northern Western Ghats, c) micromolluscs occur in very high densities compared to macrospecies and d) land use changes and habitat disturbances has led to 10% increase in macrogastropods over microgastropods. The present study clearly shows that land transformation and disturbance has had a severe impact on land snail diversity. Little effort is currently made in India to include lesser known taxa such as land snails in conservation programmes. This is mainly due to our lack of knowledge on the diversity and ecology of this cryptic group. There is, therefore, an urgent need to study the distribution and landscape ecology of land snails to ensure their effective conservation.
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Hoso, Masaki. "Asymmetry of mandibular dentition is associated with dietary specialization in snail-eating snakes." PeerJ 5 (March 2, 2017): e3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3011.
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BackgroundIn vertebrates, the left-and-right pairs of homologous organs are generally present in equal numbers. A remarkable exception is snail-eating snakes in the family Pareidae: almost all the pareid snakes have much more teeth on the right mandible than on the left for functional specialization in feeding on the dextral majority of land snails. Because the only exceptional species with symmetric dentition has been regarded as a slug-eater, the extent of dietary specialization on slugs could shape the degree of the lateral asymmetry of mandibular dentition (dentition asymmetry) even among snail eaters.MethodsTo test this, I compared the morphology and behavior of two sympatric species of Taiwanese snail-eating snakes,Pareas atayalandP. formosensis.ResultsSpecimens collected in the same locality showed that the dentition asymmetry ofP. formosensiswas significantly smaller than that ofP. atayal. Congruent to its weak asymmetry,P. formosensisshowed a strong preference of slugs to snails in the feeding experiment.DiscussionThe dietary specialization ofP. formosensison slugs would contribute to niche partitioning from the sympatric congenerP. atayal. This study suggests that the diverse variation in the dentition asymmetry of pareid snakes is the result of their dietary specialization and divergence.
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Bonnemain, Bruno. "Helix and Drugs: Snails for Western Health Care From Antiquity to the Present." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2, no. 1 (2005): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh057.
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The land helix, or snail, has been used in medicine since antiquity and prepared according to several formulations. This historical report traces the understanding of their properties from the time of Hippocrates, who proposed the use of snail mucus against protoccle and Pliny who thought that the snail increased the speed of delivery and was “a sovereign remedy to treat pain related to burns, abscesses and other wounds”, Galien recommended snails against hydrops foetails. In the 18th century, various snail “preparations” were also recommended for external use with dermatological disorders and internally for symptoms associated with tuberculosis and nephritis. Surprisingly, the 19th century saw a renewed interest in the pharmaceutical and medical use of snails with numerous indications for snail preparations. This interest in snails did not stop at the end of the 19th century. The 1945 edition of Dorvault devotes an entire paragraph to snails, indicating that the therapeutic usage of snails was still alive at that time. Recently the FDA has also shown an interest in snails. Ziconotide (SNXIII), a synthetic peptide coming from snail venom, has been under FDA review since 1999. Pre-clinical and clinical studies of this new drug are promising.
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Cooper, J. E. "Bleeding of pulmonate snails." Laboratory Animals 28, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367794780681606.
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A technique for removing blood (haemolymph) by syringe from African land snails ( Achatina spp.) is described. The method avoids the need for shell perforation or incision of soft tissues and appears to have few adverse effects on the snail.
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Withers, Philip, Scott Pedler, and Michael Guppy. "Physiological Adjustments during Aestivation by the Australian Land Snail Rhagada tescorum (Mollusca : Pulmonata : Camaenidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 6 (1997): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97009.
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Specimens of the camaenid snail Rhagada tescorum were collected from Barrow Island, Western Australia, where they typically aestivate underground during the long dry season and emerge after heavy rainfall. Aestivation is associated with a profound decrease in metabolic rate (from 50 to 5 µL g-1 h-1 ) and evaporative water loss (from 11 to 0.3 mg g-1 h-1). Even after approximately 10–12 months of aestivation in the laboratory, aestivating snails had only a slightly lower body-water content (82.1% of shell-free mass) than rehydrated individuals (84.5%), but a significantly higher haemolymph sodium concentration (94 cf. 55 mM) and osmotic concentration (233 cf. 134 mOsm); the difference in haemolymph potassium concentration (3.7 cf. 2.6 mM) was not significant. The haemolymph pO2 was lower for aestivating snails (6.25 kPa) than awake snails (10.8 kPa) but there was no hypercapnia (pCO2 = 1.4 cf. 1.3 kPa) or acidosis (pH = 7.64 cf. 7.62) in aestivating snails. These physiological adjustments of Rhagada tescorum during aestivation are similar to those of other arid-zone land snails, except for the absence of hypercapnia and acidosis, and indicate that this snail is well adapted to withstand the metabolic and hygric demands of extended periods of drought.
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Drozd, Łukasz, Monika Ziomek, Krzysztof Szkucik, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, Monika Maćkowiak-Dryka, Zbigniew Bełkot, and Michał Gondek. "Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland." Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0039.
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Abstract Introduction: The objective of the present research was to carry out a comparative assessment of copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations in the meat of edible land snails collected in Poland (Helix pomatia, Cornu aspersum maxima, and Cornu aspersum aspersum), as well as to determine the effect of preliminary processing of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) on the content of the aforementioned elements. Material and Methods: In the first stage, determinations were made on unprocessed snail meat. In the second stage, the study focused on Roman snails and consisted in an additional evaluation of frozen meat after full processing. Zinc and copper contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the selenium content was established by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The selenium content differed significantly among all three species. The copper content in Roman snails differed significantly from that in farmed snails. No significant difference in the zinc level was noted among the three snail species. The selenium content in raw and processed meat of Roman snails did not show any significant difference while the copper and zinc level was significantly higher in processed meat samples. Conclusion: The present research on the meat of edible snails showed different levels of selenium, copper, and zinc, depending on the species, collection site, and subjection to processing.
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Chen, Xiaofeng, and Bruno Baur. "The effect of multiple mating on female reproductive success in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-339.
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The simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum mates several times in the course of a reproductive season. Repeated matings might be adaptive for the male function of A. arbustorum to inseminate several "females." We designed an experiment to evaluate the effects of repeated mating on the female reproductive success of this hermaphrodite. Reproductive traits and survival were examined over 2 years in individuals that copulated several times per year (snails were kept in pairs), in individuals that copulated twice (once at the beginning of each year) or once (at the beginning of the first year only), and in individuals prevented from copulating (they were kept isolated). Copulations were not always reciprocally successful: 3 of 57 snails (5.3%) failed to produce fertile eggs, although their mates reproduced successfully. Similarly, 2 of 15 pairs (13.3%) failed to reproduce successfully. Snails allowed to mate repeatedly within each season tended to lay more eggs than snails that mated once per year. However, the numbers of hatchlings did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups, because eggs laid by snails allowed to mate repeatedly had a lower hatching success. Snails that remated in the second year laid more eggs that had higher hatching success, and thus produced more hatchlings than snails that mated once at the beginning of the first year only. Snails that were prevented from mating produced a few hatchlings (by self-fertilization) in the second year; their reproductive success was less than 1% of that of mated snails. Our results suggest that multiple mating is also adaptive for the female function of A. arbustorum by increasing female fecundity and fertility and serving as a hedge against unsuccessful copulations.
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Szkucik, Krzysztof, Monika Ziomek, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, Łukasz Drozd, Michał Gondek, and Przemysław Knysz. "Fatty acid profile in fat obtained from edible part of land snails harvested in Poland." Journal of Veterinary Research 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0074.
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AbstractIntroduction: The objective was to determine the content of fatty acids in edible snail fat by snail species, collection site, and processing stage.Material and Methods: The research material comprised 180 edible fat samples from the three genera of edible snails collected in Poland: free-living Helix pomatia (HP) and two cultivated Cornu subspecies: C. aspersa maxima (CAM) and C. aspersum aspersum (CAA). All snails came from the Greater Poland and Lower Silesian Provinces: HP from their natural habitat and CAM and CAA from heliciculture farms. The studies focused on the raw meat, cooked meat, and frozen meat processing stages. Fatty acid (FA) profiles were determined by the gas chromatography method.Results:Helix pomatia fat showed a higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, whereas the fat of Cornu genus snails had a higher unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) component, i.e. monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Thermal processing of snail meat increased all the determined SFA and decreased all the PUFA values, and increased the content of C18:1, C20:1, and C22:1 acids in the MUFA group. The material collection site had limited impact on FA content as differences were noted only in levels of C18:1, C18:2 n6, and C20:5. The differences pertained only to the fat of farmed snails of the Cornu genus.Conclusion: Due to the high content of UFA and a favourable ratio of n6:n3 acids and PUFA:SFA, snail fat can be regarded as nutritionally valuable.
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Brodie, Gilianne, Gary M. Barker, Froseann Stevens, and Monifa Fiu. "Preliminary re-survey of the land snail fauna of Rotuma: conservation and biosecurity implications." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 1 (2014): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140094.
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In May 2012 Rotuma Island, the main island of the remote Rotuma Group (Fiji), was surveyed to document the composition of the non-native land snail fauna and to investigate if populations of previously recorded native land snail species persist. From sampling at nine locations, twenty-one land snail species from eleven gastropod families were found. Of these, eight species are non-native and two of these Parmarion martensi Simroth, 1893 and Quantula striata (Gray, 1834) (Ariophantidae) are new records for the Rotuma Group. Ten of the 13 species of native land snails found — including the endemic partulid Partula leefi E. A. Smith, 1897 and the rhytidid Delos gardineri (E. A. Smith, 1897) — were detected only as empty shells. The native Ouagapia perryi (E. A. Smith, 1897) and the endemic Succinea rotumana E. A. Smith, 1897 and Sinployea rotumana (E. A. Smith, 1897) remain undetected on Rotuma Island since their first collection in 1897. The non-native, invasive predatory flatworm, Platydemus manokwari, was also found and represents a major threat to the island’s land snail fauna. This non-native species appears to be absent in many other parts of the Fiji Island archipelago and thus a re-evaluation of existing quarantine measures is required to address its potential spread to non-invaded areas. Comparisons with earlier surveys indicate a shift in the structure of the Rotuman land snail fauna over a 115-year period, with declining native components and increasing prevalence of non-native species. Further sampling, focusing on residual native habitat in less accessible areas such as coastal cliffs and offshore islets, is urgently needed to establish the conservation status of Rotuman native land snails and determine the threat posed by both, non-native snails and P. manokwari.
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Hermes-Lima, M., and K. B. Storey. "Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): R1386—R1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.6.r1386.
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During arousal from estivation oxygen consumption by land snails (Otala lactea) increases severalfold. To determine whether snails prepared for an accompanying rise in the rates of oxyradical generation by altering their antioxidant defense mechanisms, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were quantified in foot and hepatopancreas of control, 30-day estivating, and aroused snails. Compared with controls, estivating O. lactea showed significant increases in the activities of foot muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) (increasing by 56-67%), catalase (51-72%), and glutathione S-transferase (79-108%), whereas, in hepatopancreas, SOD (57-78%) and glutathione peroxidase (93-144%) increased. Within 40 min after arousal began, hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity had returned to control values, but SOD showed a further 70% increase in activity but then returned to control levels by 80 min. Estivation had no effect on total glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG) concentrations in tissues, but GSSG content had increased about twofold in both organs of 30-day dormant snails. Lipid peoxidation (quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was significantly enhanced at the onset of arousal from dormancy, indicating that oxidative stress and tissue damage occurred at this time. The data suggest that antioxidant defenses in snail organs are increased while snails are in the hypometabolic state as a preparation for oxidative stress during arousal.
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Raimi, C. O., and A. C. Odeyemi. "Organoleptic evaluation of Archachatina marginata fed rumen content dietary inclusion." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.999.
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There is inadequate information on quality feedstuff for large scale production and all year round availability of snails in Nigeria.The research was conducted to investigate the organoleptic properties of the African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata). Thirtytwo snails were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments of varied levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% rumen content inclusion. Each treatment was replicated with four snails per pen in a completely randomized design. The snails were reared in mini paddock. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum. At the end of the eight weeks period of feeding trials, two snails were harvested at random from the replicates of each of the four treatments, sacrificed, processed and analyzed. Based on appearance, taste and aroma of the snails fried and stewed with spices and the other one steamed with spices, preference ranking in descending order revealed 15% (6·85) rumen content inclusion had the highest mean preference followed by 5% (6·53) inclusion for the fried snail with spices and 0% (6.65) inclusion had the highest ranking followed by 15% (6.53) rumen content inclusion for the snail steamed with spices. The treatments had no appreciable effect on the nutrient composition and sensory quality of the snail meat. It can be concluded that growing snails can utilize rumen content inclusion thereby increasing the feed data base for snail production in the Tropics.
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Kupfernagel, Sandra, and Bruno Baur. "Sperm utilization in subadult and adult simultaneous hermaphrodite snails mating in the wild." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 11 (November 2011): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-080.
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In species with multiple mating and long-term sperm storage, males are expected to show a preference for mating with virgin and young females to reduce the risk of sperm competition. In various simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail species, sperm production precedes egg production by 2–4 weeks, resulting in a short period of protandric hermaphroditism before shell growth is completed. In a natural population, we collected copulating pairs of the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum (L., 1758) consisting either of two adults, of two subadults, or of one adult and one subadult snail, and determined the paternity of their hatchlings that emerged from subsequently deposited eggs. Adult snails used sperm received from subadult mating partners for egg fertilization in the same frequency as sperm from adults, indicating that subadult and adult snails do not differ in male function. Furthermore, an unfinished shell is not a reliable indicator for virginity, because 35% of the subadult individuals had already sperm stored from previous mating(s). Compared with adults, young individuals exhibited a lower risk of sperm competition, indicated by a higher last mate sperm precedence. However, subadult snails produced fewer eggs than adult snails, counteracting the evolutionary advantage of preferring a young partner with low sperm competition risk.
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Lirette, A., M. D. MacPherson, J. P. MacIntyre, and J. C. Lewis. "Edible land snail production under natural climatic conditions in Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-017.
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One thousand two hundred and fifty land snails were divided randomly among 25, 1.5-m × 0.9-m × 1.5-m cages wrapped in a nylon screen and chicken wire to prevent the snails from escaping and to protect them from predators. The cages were placed in a shaded area on the southeastern edge of a white clover field and randomly divided into five nutritional treatments with each treatment replicated five times. The snails were fed with natural vegetation, lettuce and oyster shells, lettuce alone, oat bran, or white clover in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. A digestibility trial on lettuce and white clover was also carried out. The snails gained significantly (P < 0.05) more weight when fed with the lettuce and lettuce plus oyster shells than the other treatments. The weight gains for the white clover and natural vegetation were intermediate among the diets. The death rate was approximately 5.1 ± 0.3% in each treatment with the exception of the oat bran diet (66 ± 5%). The digestibilities of lettuce and white clover dry matter were 83.1 ± 1.3% and 82.5 ± 1.5%, respectively, and were not significantly different (P > 0.05). It was concluded that edible land snails can be raised outside during the summer under the environmental conditions of Nova Scotia if fed with diets 1, 2, 3, or 5. Key words: Edible land snail, Otala, nutrition, Nova Scotia
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Galluzzo, Francesco Giuseppe, Gaetano Cammilleri, Alessandro Ulrici, Rosalba Calvini, Andrea Pulvirenti, Giovanni Lo Cascio, Andrea Macaluso, et al. "Land Snails as a Valuable Source of Fatty Acids: A Multivariate Statistical Approach." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120676.
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The fatty acid (FA) profile of wild Theba pisana, Cornu aspersum, and Eobania vermiculata land snail samples, collected in Sicily (Southern Italy), before and after heat treatment at +100 °C were examined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results show a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in all of the examined raw snails samples, representing up to 48.10% of the total fatty acids contents, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The thermal processing of the snail samples examined determined an overall reduction of PUFA levels (8.13%, 7.75%, and 4.62% for T. pisana, C. aspersum and E. vermiculata samples, respectively) and a species-specific variation of saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents. Oleic acid remained the most abundant FA of all of the snails species examined, accounting for up to 29.95% of the total FA content. A relevant decrease of ɷ3/ɷ6 ratio was found only for T. pisana samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a separation of the snail samples in terms of species and heat treatment. The results of this work suggest land snails as a valuable source of MUFA and PUFA contents and boiling as appropriate treatment, according to the maintenance of healthy properties.
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Hasegawa, Motohiro, Shinji Sugiura, Masamichi T. Ito, Aska Yamaki, Keiko Hamaguchi, Toshio Kishimoto, and Isamu Okochi. "Community structures of soil animals and survival of land snails on an island of the Ogasawara Archipelago." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800014.
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On Chichijima, one of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands located in the Western Pacific Ocean, land snails have declined, the suggested cause being predation pressure by an invasive flatworm (Platydemus manokwari). Soil fauna were investigated in areas where the snail survives, and where it has become extinct. Much of the fauna, dominated by introduced earthworms and ants, was undiminished, however, one undescribed but endemic carabid (Badister sp.), which selectively feeds on land snails, was absent in snail-extinct areas. The invasive flatworm P. manokwari has been reported to feed also on the carcasses of earthworms, as well as on live snails, and is therefore expected to occur in most parts of Chichijima Island. Among other groups, the density of isopods (also dominated by exotic species) was very low, in comparison with the reported ones 30 years ago. Community structure is currently reflected by dominance of earthworms and ants, decline of endemic isopods, and a high frequency of introduced or alien species.
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Kraemer, A. C., C. W. Philip, A. M. Rankin, and C. E. Parent. "Trade-offs direct the evolution of coloration in Galápagos land snails." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (January 9, 2019): 20182278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2278.
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Increasingly, multiple selective factors are recognized as jointly contributing to the evolution of morphology. What is not clear is how these forces vary across communities to promote morphological diversification among related species. In this study of Galápagos endemic snails (genus Naesiotus ), we test several hypotheses of colour evolution. We observe mockingbirds (genus Mimus ) predating live snails and find that avian predation selects against conspicuous shells. The evolutionary outcome of this selection is a diversity of shell colours across snails of the archipelago, each closely matching local backgrounds. We also find that snails more regularly exposed to the hot, equatorial sun reflect more light than shells of species from shadier habitats, suggesting a role for thermoregulatory constraints directing colour evolution. The signature of thermoregulatory selection is most clear in comparatively young communities (on the youngest islands), while the signature of selection from predators is most evident in older communities (on the older islands). Together, our findings point to a scenario of shifting selective forces along island ontogeny and community maturity that lead to the distribution of snail coloration we observe in Galápagos. Complex selective regimes such as these may have more responsibility for morphological diversity than is currently recognized.
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Yanes, Yurena. "Stable isotope ecology of land snails from a high-latitude site near Fairbanks, interior Alaska, USA." Quaternary Research 83, no. 3 (May 2015): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.03.004.
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Land snails have been investigated isotopically in tropical islands and mid-latitude continental settings, while high-latitude locales, where snails grow only during the summer, have been overlooked. This study presents the first isotopic baseline of live snails from Fairbanks, Alaska (64°51’N), a proxy calibration necessary prior to paleoenvironmental inferences using fossils. δ13C values of the shell (– 10.4 ± 0.4‰) and the body (– 25.5 ± 1.0‰) indicate that snails consumed fresh and decayed C 3-plants and fungi. A flux-balance mixing model suggests that specimens differed in metabolic rates, which may complicate paleovegetation inferences. Shell δ18O values (– 10.8 ± 0.4‰) were ~ 4‰ higher than local summer rain δ18O. If calcification occurred during summer, a flux-balance mixing model suggests that snails grew at temperatures of ~ 13°C, rainwater δ18O values of ~– 15‰ and relative humidity of ~ 93%. Results from Fairbanks were compared to shells from San Salvador (Bahamas), at 24°51’N. Average (annual) δ18O values of shells and rainwater samples from The Bahamas were both ~ 10‰ 18O-enriched with respect to seasonal (summer) Alaskan samples. At a coarse latitudinal scale, shell δ18O values overwhelmingly record the signature of the rainfall during snail active periods. While tropical snails record annual average environmental information, high-latitude specimens only trace summer season climatic data.
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Baur, Bruno. "Effects of early feeding experience and age on the cannibalistic propensity of the land snail Arianta arbustorum." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 3068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-465.
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The influence of early feeding experience on egg cannibalism was examined in hatchlings of the land snail Arianta arbustorum. The propensity for cannibalism was not affected by cannibalistic or by vegetarian early feeding experience. It was, however, negatively correlated with the age of the snails. Freshly hatched snails with no prior feeding experience chose eggs exclusively, while 16-day-old snails preferred vegetable food. Furthermore, the cannibalistic propensity varied between offspring from different clutches. Restriction of the cannibalistic propensity to the hatchling stage, its nonmodifiability, and differences in its extent between clutches suggest that egg cannibalism in A. arbustorum is a genetically determined trait.
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Dododawa, Z., and B. N. Ejidike. "Influence of two management systems on the growth performance of adult African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2073.
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African gaint land snails are important as means of alleviating acute protein shortage in Nigeria livestock Industries. The present study aimed to study the influence of intensive and extensive management systems on the growth Performance of adult African Giant Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) was carried out in the wildlife domestication unit of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Ninety African giant land snails (A. marginata) of average body weight 160.31g ± 0.38g were used for the study. The snails were grouped into two- Group A and Group B. 45 snails in group A were raised in an intensive system of management while 45 snails in group B were raised in an extensive system of management. The data collected on weight gain, shell length increment and shell width increment during the experiment were subjected to student t-Test at 5% significant level. Results showed that there was a significant difference at (p<0.05) in the weight gain. The intensive management system had a higher weight gain of 128.96g with mean value of 4.96 while the extensive management system had a weight gain of 88.37g with mean value of 3.40. There was no significant difference at (p>0.05) in the shell length increment. The snails in the extensive management system had the higher shell length increment of 5.32cm with mean value of 0.20 while the snails in the intensive management system had a shell length increment of 2.43cm with mean value of 0.09. There was a significant difference at (p<0.05) in the shell width increment. The snails in the extensive management system had the higher shell width increment of 9.31cm with mean value of 0.36 while the snails in the intensive management system had a shell width increment of 4.30cm with mean value of 0.17. The snails in the intensive system had a Feed Conversion Ratio of 5.03. For better growth performance of A. marginata in terms of weight gain, snail farmers should raise their snails in an intensive system of management and formulated diet should be used in feeding the snails along side with natural feed such as leaves and fruits.
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Schmera, Dénes, Anette Baur, and Bruno Baur. "Size-dependent shell growth and survival in natural populations of the rock-dwelling land snail Chondrina clienta." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 5 (May 2015): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0307.
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Rock-dwelling land snails, feeding on algae and lichens that grow on stone surfaces, may influence the structure and function of these ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the life history of rock-dwelling snails. We performed a 30-month mark–release–resight study in four populations of Chondrina clienta (Westerlund, 1883) inhabiting vertical walls of abandoned limestone quarries on the Baltic island of Öland, Sweden, to assess growth rate and survival of juvenile snails and determine age at maturity. We marked 800 individuals ranging in shell height from 1.4 to 4.9 mm, released them in their original habitat, and remeasured their shell height at intervals of 6 months. Shell growth of juvenile C. clienta was affected by the site (quarry wall) and the size of the individual, being highest in medium-sized snails. Shell growth occurred during both summer and winter. Annual apparent survival rates of C. clienta were size-dependent and ranged from 58.6% to 96.3%. Sexual maturity was reached at an age of 5 years, which is later than in most large snail species. Our study extends current knowledge on life history of land snails to a rarely studied group dwelling on rock surfaces.
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Baker, GH. "The Dispersal of Cernuella-Virgata (Mollusca, Helicidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 5 (1988): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880513.
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The dispersal of the land snail Cernuella virgata was measured in South Australia by mark-release- recapture. Dispersal was not influenced by the paint used for marking, displacement of the snails during the marking process or crowding at release points. Snails moved out of a well-grazed permanent pasture to adjacent weedy roadside vegetation in early summer. They returned to the pasture in autumn. Factors which might direct this movement are discussed. Average movements varied between 0.1 and 0.4 m day-'. Some snails moved more than 25 m in one month in spring-summer and 50 m in 3 months in autumn-winter.
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bin Marzuki, Mohammad Effendi, Thor-Seng Liew, and Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan. "Land snails and slugs of Bau limestone hills, Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), with the descriptions of 13 new species." ZooKeys 1035 (April 27, 2021): 1–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1035.60843.
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This study presents a list of land snails and slugs found on limestone hills in the District of Bau, the state of Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo. Systematic and random sampling for land snails was conducted at eight limestone outcrops, namely, Gunung Stulang, Padang Pan, Gunung Kapor, Gunung Lobang Angin, Gunung Doya, Gunung Batu, Bukit Sekunyit and Gunung Sebayat. A total of 122 land snail species was documented with photographs of each species. Of the 122 species collected, 13 are new to science, namely, Acmella bauensissp. nov., Japonia bauensissp. nov., Plectostoma margaretchanaesp. nov., Microcystina arabiisp. nov., Microcystina atonisp. nov., Microcystina pariparisp. nov., Microcystina liratasp. nov., Microcystina oswaldbrakenisp. nov., Microcystina kilatsp. nov., Philalanka jambusanensissp. nov., Everettia microrhytidasp. nov., Everettia minutasp. nov., and Paralaoma sarawakensissp. nov.
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Okon, B., L. A. Ibom, A. Dauda, A. E. Bassey, M. O. Awodiran, and M. O. Etukudo. "Chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationships and divergence among three breeds of giant african land snails in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.614.
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A number of studies have been carried out on the reproductive and growth performance of these breeds of giant African land snails, but not much is documented on chromosome, evolutionary relationships and divergence studies. Forty snails and 10 of each breed of giant African land snails Archachatina marginata (AM), Achatina achatina (AA) and Achatina fulica (AF) and two varieties of A. marginata [A. marginata var. saturalis (AMS) and A. marginata var. ovum (AMO)] were used for the chromosomes numbers analyses. Slides for chromosome identification were prepared using the ovotestes and the cells were examined for spread atmetaphase. The haploid (n) chromosome numbers obtained revealed and confirmed that AF, AA, AMS and AMO snails have 27, 30, 28 and 28 chromosomes respectively. Also 13 amino acid sequences were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information with accession numbers: ALD09273, AAY62497, ACA 10148 and AKQ 76237 for AM; AKQ 76253, AKQ 76250, CDL 67813, CDL 67813 and AKQ 76249 for AA and SP/P35903, PDB/5CZL, KZM 80032 and YP009049167 for AF snails. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. Phylogenetic tree analysis by Neighbour- Joining (NJ) was constructed using 10 out of the 13 amino acid sequences. The reliability of the tree was calculated by boostrap confidence value with 1000 boot strapiterations using MEGA 7 software.The phylogenetic trees showed that these snail breeds are highly divergent. A. achatina was separately related to itself; whereas A. marginata slightly mingled with A. fulica. The degrees of divergence obtained signified that they have evolved from different ancestors. The evolutionary distances were computed with the remaining three amino acid sequences using the Poisson Correction method. Very high and far apart average genetic distances of 0.923±0.018, 0.926±0.018 and 0.926±0.017 were obtained for AA vs AF, AF vs AM and AA vs AM snails respectively, confirming that these snail breeds are genetically far apart between themselves. The results obtained for chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationship and average genetic distances might be apanacea in further selection and molecular classification of giant African land snails (GALS) in Nigeria.
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OLA, S. I., O. AKINLADE, and G. O. BAMIDELE. "MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAIL Archachatina marginata ovum (Pfeiffer) (Pulmonata: Achatinidae) FOUND IN ILE-IFE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i1.1666.
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The morphometry of the reproductive organs of the giant African land snail, Archachatina marginata ovum from wild collection at Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria, was assessed during March - May (early rainy season) and August – October (late rainy season) of 2010. A total 134 snails were dissected and clas-sified into one of five different reproductive states (low mating readiness; high mating readiness; egg production; gravid and post reproductive). The five states were observed in snails collected during the early rainy season, whereas the gravid state was not observed in the collections during late rainy sea-son. Albumen gland was considerably enlarged at egg production state forming about 60 % of the total weight of the reproductive system, while vas deferens was significantly longer in snails at high mating readiness state. The sizes of the reproductive organs were not substantially related to the size of the snail as the coefficient of determination (r2) of the relationship were in most cases below 0.5. The over-all results indicated that variations in the morphology of the reproductive organs of A. marginata ovum are mostly state dependent and less related to the size of the snail and thus could be used reliably to categorise the snails into reproductive states.
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Morelli, Simone, Mariasole Colombo, Anastasia Diakou, Donato Traversa, Marika Grillini, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, and Angela Di Cesare. "The Influence of Temperature on the Larval Development of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the Land Snail Cornu aspersum." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080960.
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The metastrongyloid Aelurostrongylus abstrusus has an indirect lifecycle involving gastropod intermediate hosts. The widespread snail Cornu aspersum is an efficient intermediate host of A. abstrusus. As the temperature may influence the developmental rate of metastrongyloids from first (L1) to the third infective larval stage (L3) inside molluscs, this study evaluated the effect of two controlled temperatures on the development of A. abstrusus in C. aspersum. Overall, 300 snails were infected with 500 L1 of A. abstrusus and kept at ∼25 °C. Fifteen days post infection (D15), the overall developmental rate to L3 (0.8%) was assessed in a subset of 20 snails. The remaining gastropods were divided in 2 groups, i.e., 180 still kept at ∼25 °C (G1) and 100 hibernated at ∼4 °C (G2). On D30, the larval development was evaluated in 20 snails from each group, while another batch of 80 snails was selected random from G1 and hibernated at ∼4 °C (G3). The larval developmental rate was determined digesting 20 snails from each of the three groups on D45, D60, and D75. The higher mean developmental rate was registered in G1 (3.8%) compared to G2 (1.9%) and G3 (2.3%), indicating that the development to L3 of A. abstrusus in C. aspersum is positively influenced by the increase of temperature.
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Krumpálová, Zuzana, and Barbora Holienková. "Land Snails in the Slovak Open-Air Garden Centres." Ekológia (Bratislava) 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0028.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn last decades, the number of non-native land snails increased up to 15 percentages; they create more than eight percent of all the Slovakian species. Trend of newly established snail species corresponds with increases in the average temperatures as well as the intensity of foreign trade, suggesting a synergistic effect of both climatic conditions and socioeconomic factors. The research of the open-air garden centres in Slovakia confirmed both factors. We report here some of the newly established populations of sixteen mollusc species. In the old garden centres, the number of species as well as the number of individuals decreased slightly. Area of the garden centre has a very high impact on both abundance and species diversity. The size and age of garden centre proportionally influences the composition of mollusc assemblages. Two new species Cornu aspersum and Cepaea nemoralis were noticed for the first time in Slovakia. The recent findings of the introduced populations demonstrate the potential of this snail to colonise new areas.
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Ovat, I. O., P. E. Esor, and O. I. Iwara. "Effects of different feeding regimes on the growth performance of the giant African land snail Archachatina marginata (Swainson)." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 16, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v16i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Effects of various feeding regimes on the growth performance of the giant African land snail, Archachatina marginata were studied using one hundred and twenty (120 Juvenile snails) weighing 0.66g +1 per snails for a period of 90 days. The treatments were. T1 -Grower starter, T2 - Grower mash, T3 - cocoyam and cassava leaves and T4 - Ripe pawpaw fruits. The Completely Randomized Design was used with four treatments and each replicated three times. The snails were confined in wooden hutch boxes. Data was collected on weekly body weight feed intake, shell length and shell width. Results obtained showed that snails fed with broiler starter diet (T1) had significantly (P<0.05) higher performance in terms of weight gain, feed intake, shell length and the aperture, while pawpaw fruits T4 recorded the least values. The highest values for feed intake was observed in T1 (135.5g) followed by T2 (78.2g), while the least feed intake was observed in T4 (55.7g). Snails fed with T1 recorded the highest weight gain (60.1g) followed by T2 and T3.The lowest weight gain was obtained in T4 (37.9g). Shell length was highest in T1 (20.7mm), closely followed by T2 (19.2mm). The aperture recorded the highest mean values in T1 (20.1mm). The least operculum was recorded in T4 (12.9mm). Therefore, the broiler starter T1 should be used to feed growing snails to improve their performance.
Keywords: Snails, Broiler Starter, Grower mesh, Cocoyam leaves, Cassava leaves, Pawpaw fruits, hutch boxes
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Phung, Chee-Chean, Yuen-Zhao Yong, Mohamad Afandi Mat Said, and Thor-Seng Liew. "Land snail fauna in Gunung Kuang Limestone Hill, Perak, Malaysia and its conservation implications (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." ZooKeys 769 (June 26, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.769.25571.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the first land snail species checklist for Gunung Kuang (Kuang Hill), a limestone hill located next to Gunung Kanthan that is recognised as one of the most important limestone hills for its diverse land snail fauna in Kinta Valley. Samplings were carried out at five plots in Gunung Kuang. This survey documented 47 land snail species, in which six species were identified as unique to Gunung Kuang. Approximately half of the land snails from Gunung Kanthan were found in Gunung Kuang. In addition, one of six unique species from Gunung Kanthan was also found in Gunung Kuang. These rich land snail species in Gunung Kuang are similar to other hills in Kinta Valley, but it is relatively lesser than the adjacent Gunung Kanthan. In view of Gunung Kuang’s unique land snail species, and its location closest to disturbed Gunung Kanthan, Gunung Kuang should be considered in the conservation management plan for Gunung Kanthan.
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Páll-Gergely, Barna. "Pontophaedusa funiculum (Mousson, 1856) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Clausiliidae) lived in captivity for 15 years." Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 20 (August 6, 2021): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mab2021-20-35.
Full textAbstract:
A specimen of the clausiliid snail Pontophaedusa funiculum (Mousson, 1856) was kept alive for 15 years after it was collected as an adult. This is the longest direct observation of the lifespan in the Clausiliidae, and one of the longest in all land snails.
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Okon, B., L. A. Ibom, A. Dauda, A. E. Bassey, N. B. Idiong, and P. O. Onwuka. "Influence of breeds and number of whorls on phenotypic traits and correlations among giant African land snails in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.476.
Full textAbstract:
Six hundred adult mature black-skinned snails with four and five whorls on the shellcomprising of 200 each of the breeds; Archachatina marginata, Achatina achatina and Achatina fulica were used for the study. Phenotypic traits measured from the snails included body weight (BDW), shell length (SHL), shell width (SHW), aperture length (APL), aperture width (APW), spiral length (SPL), spiral width (SPW), diagonal length (DAL), length between the aperture and first spiral (LAS). The data obtained were used to estimate simple statistics (mean, standard error and coefficient of variations) and correlation oefficients. The results showed high significant (p<0.01) breed effects on phenotypic traits as A.nmarginata snails with four (288.700g) and 5(394.500g) whorls were phenotypically and genotypically heavier, larger and wider than A. achatina (127.0g and 182.000g) and A. fulica (48.850g and 65.050g) with four and five whorls respectively. There were also high significant (p<0.01) disparity number of whorls effects on body weight and other phenotypic traits studied. There was only one strong, negative and significant (p<0.01) phenotypic correlation (r ) between SHL and LAS (r = – 0.650) recorded for A. achatina snails with four whorls while A. achatina snails with five whorls recorded few strong, negative and significant(P<0.01) phenotypic correlations between BDW and SHW (r = – 0.613), SHL and LAS (r = –0.641), SHW and APW (r = – 0.602). Similarly, A. fulica snails with four whorls recorded few strong, negative and significant (p<0.01) phenotypic correlations between BDW and SHW (r = – 0.627), SHL and APL (r = – 0.639), SHW and APW (r = – 0.657) and only one strong, negative and significant (p<0.01) phenotypic correlation between SHL and LAS (r = – 0.605) for A. fulica snails with five whorls. Again, Am snails with four whorls had only one strong, negative and significant(p<0.01) phenotypic correlation between BDW and SHL (r = – 0.720). The only two low, positive and significant (p<0.05) phenotypic correlations recorded in this study were between APL and APW ((r = 0.544) and between SPL and DAL (r = 0.583) for A. marginata snails with four and five whorls respectively. Thus, the breed type and number of whorls on snail shells strongly influenced estimates of phenotypic traits and correlation coefficients of giant African land snails in Nigeria. Also, that estimates of correlation coefficients of mature giant African land snails with higher whorls were (4 and 5) are scarcely strong, positive and significant. The study revealed and confirmed that A. marginata snails are phenotypically and genotypically heavier, larger and wider than A. achatina and A. fulica snails with 4 and 5 whorls. These estimates are recommended as strong and efficient tools for selection and up grading or improvement of giant African land snails genetic traits in Nigeria.
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LINDQVIST, I., B. LINDQVIST, and K. TIILIKKALA. "Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)." Agricultural and Food Science 19, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960610791015050.
Full textAbstract:
Populations of two molluscs, the land snail Arianta arbustorum and the Iberian slug Arion lusitanicus, have increased substantially in many places in the northern Fennoscandia in recent years. This has resulted in considerable aesthetic and economic damage to plants in home gardens and commercial nurseries. Birch tar oil (BTO), is a new biological plant protection product, and was tested against these molluscs. In this study we examined whether 2 types of BTO, used either alone, mixed together, or mixed with Vaseline®, could be applied as 1) a biological plant protection product for the control of land snails by direct topical spray application, 2) as a repellent against snails when painted on a Perspex® fence, and 3) as a repellent against slugs when smeared on pots containing Brassica pekinensis seedlings. Both the fences and the pots with seedlings were placed in each field with a high population of the target organism. When applied as a spray on snails, BTO did not act as a toxic pesticide but rendered the snails inactive for a period of several months. The BTO barriers were effective in repelling both snails and slugs. However, the repellent effect of BTO alone against the molluscs was short-term. Repeated treatments were required to keep the slugs away from the plants and we found that the interval between treatments should not exceed two weeks. A collar fastened around the rim of the pots, combined with the BTO treatment, did not give any additional benefit in hindering slugs from invading the plants. Most noticeably, the BTO+Vaseline® mixture prevented the land snails from passing over the treated fences for up to several months. The results of these experiments provide evidence that BTO, especially when mixed with Vaseline®, serves as an excellent long-term repellent against molluscs.;
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Edworthy, A. B., K. M. M. Steensma, H. M. Zandberg, and P. L. Lilley. "Dispersal, home-range size, and habitat use of an endangered land snail, the Oregon forestsnail (Allogona townsendiana)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 7 (July 2012): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-056.
Full textAbstract:
Terrestrial molluscs have declined globally, often as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation. Many land snails are poor dispersers and exist in isolated habitat patches. The Oregon forestsnail ( Allogona townsendiana (I. Lea, 1838)) coincides with the most densely populated region of British Columbia and is listed as endangered in Canada. To investigate the dispersal distances and habitat-use patterns of Oregon forestsnails, we tagged and tracked 21 adult snails at Langley, British Columbia, for up to 3 years (2005–2008). The maximum daily dispersal distance for a snail was 4.5 m and the maximum displacement that we observed for a snail was 32.2 m during 3 years. Snails occupied home-range areas of 18.4–404.4 m2, often overlapping both forest and meadow habitat. Their home-range sizes were smaller in habitats with high availability of stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica L.), which may be an indicator of high-quality habitat. Our results suggest that the Oregon forestsnail is a relatively sedentary species with limited dispersal ability in its adult stage. Although Oregon forestsnails are likely unable to colonize suitable habitat independently, remnant forest–meadow mosaic patches such as our study site provide valuable habitat for Oregon forestsnail, which are supplementary to large tracts of intact forest where most of their populations are found.
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Nowakowska, Anna, Grażyna Świderska-Kołacz, Justyna Rogalska, and Michał Caputa. "Effect of winter torpor upon antioxidative defence in Helix pomatia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 6 (June 2009): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-025.
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Arousal of land snails from torpor is inseparably connected with an increase in oxygen consumption leading to oxidative stress. Therefore, activity of antioxidant defence system (antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione) and degree of oxidative damage (concentration of malondialdehyde as an index of lipid peroxidation) in the snail Helix pomatia L., 1758 were tested to check whether torpid snails are able to activate their antioxidative defence against oxidative damage prior to arousal from winter torpor. Snails, which were collected from their natural habitats, were tested at the beginning, in the middle part, and at the end of winter torpor. Active snails collected in autumn and spring were taken as control groups. Snails were immediately killed and their foot, hepatopancreas, and kidney were used for the biochemical assays. Winter torpor induced significant changes in activities of the crucial antioxidant substances. The lowest activities were observed at the beginning of torpor, whereas activity of some of these enzymes was significantly enhanced prior to spring arousal. Reduced glutathione concentration did not show time-dependent changes during winter torpor. MDA (1,3-propanedial) level was elevated in the kidney and foot but was unchanged in the hepatopancreas. In conclusion, the snail H. pomatia is able to maintain REDOX balance necessary to prevent oxidative injury during arousal.
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SCHÜPBACH, H. U., and B. BAUR. "Experimental evidence for a new transmission route in a parasitic mite and its mucus-dependent orientation towards the host snail." Parasitology 135, no. 14 (November 12, 2008): 1679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008005039.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThe route of transmission and host finding behaviour are fundamental components of a parasite's fitness. Riccardoella limacum, a haematophagous mite, lives in the mantle cavity of helicid land snails. To date it has been assumed that this parasitic mite is transmitted during courtship and mating of the host. Here we present experimental evidence for a new transmission route in the host snail Arianta arbustorum. Parasite-free snails were kept on soil on which previously infected host snails had been maintained for 6 weeks. R. limacum was successfully transmitted via soil without physical contact among hosts in 10 out of 22 (45·5%) cases. In a series of experiments we also examined the off-host locomotion of R. limacum on snail mucus and control substrates using an automated camera system. Parasitic mites showed a preference to move on fresh mucus. Our results support the hypothesis that R. limacum uses mucus trails to locate new hosts. These findings should be considered in commercial snail farming and when examining the epidemiology of wild populations.