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Ponce, Hernandez R. "The use of soil information systems in land planning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bf11165c-ac30-4971-9945-6f9cfccd04e2.
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Computerized soil information systems (SIS) store and retrieve, much more efficiently than soil maps, the soil information collected from field survey which is essential for land-use planning. The soil is only observed and sampled at a limited number of locations, depths and for a limited number of properties. Information not recorded during survey is missing and if needed must be generated or predicted. New geostatistical techniques for spatial analysis and interpolation of soil data, i.e. the semi-variogram and Kriging, can now be included as on-line capabilities of SIS to equip users with a powerful tool for prediction of the missing information. When there are no records of the wanted property, its values can be estimated by a function on other recorded properties acting as its surrogates. A strategy for model development is provided for the construction of surrogate functions based on multiple regression and curve fitting techniques, to generate the information missing. When no records of the soil property at the depth wanted exist, the values at the required depths are interpolated by a function of the property on the soil depth. Equal-area spline curves reconstruct, piecewise, the depth function quite closely, enabling their use for interpolation of values and depths in a variety of formats. The equal-area spline algorithm is a capability of the Oxford SIS (OXSIS). When the wanted site was unvisited during survey, the information missing is provided by spatial prediction. The predictions may come from means of soil classes or mapping units from conventional survey, or from Kriging interpolation based on spatial analysis by the semi-variogram. In order to select the best predictive tool, the success of these techniques in different situations of sampling effort and variablity were compared. Semi-variograms depicted the spatial structures of 8 selected soil properties. Anisotropic variation in 4 of them was induced by strong trends. Where the semi-variogram was isotropic Kriging was the best tool for prediction if spatial dependence is strong. Fitting elliptical functions to find a model for anisotropy did not give satisfactory results. Where anisotropies or trends precluded ordinary Kriging, map unit means and class means, in that order, gave the best predictions. Success in prediction was related to the structures in the semi-variogram, which when used for reconnaissance helps to infer which technique will give the best predictions so that survey is designed accordingly. Accounting for the trends removed anisotropies and Kriging of de-trended data was possible. Partitioning trends by stratification based in soil mapping units gave a greater improvement in predictions than modelling trends by bicubic spline surfaces and then Kriging the residuals from trend. After trend removal, Kriging did not always make the best predictions and means from classes seemed equally as good as Kriging or even better in some cases. These results indicate that a critical point is to ascertain how to best sample to estimate a reconnaissance semi-variogram for survey design to provide the information missing necessary for land-use planning.
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Stones, Roger David. "Land suitability studies for the growing of deciduous berries in the Limpopo Province of South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06262008-161148/.
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Rutkowski, Joshua Edward. "Understanding political ecologies of land use change using household surveys in Mankweng, South Africa." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4771.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 35 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-33).
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Newton, Rachel E. "A floristic inventory of selected Bureau of Land Management wetlands in Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663116391&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Fabian, Christopher J. "Application of a digital terrain model for forrest land classification and soil survey." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4107.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 30, 2006). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Flatley, William Truetlen. "Successive Land Surveys as Indicators of Vegetation Change in an Agricultural Landscape." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44202.
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A series of anthropogenic disturbance conditions have altered the vegetation of the southern Appalachians during the past 200-years. The objective of this research was to identify the nature and timing of these vegetation changes in order to better understand the underlying causes. A total of 304 land surveys were collected for a small agricultural watershed from early settlement in 1787 through to the present day. Witness corners recorded tree species, shrubs, stumps, snags and non vegetative markers. Types of witness corners were tallied and tested for shifts in frequency across time periods. Tree species were also classified by silvical characteristics including sprouting capability, shade tolerance, and seed type and these groupings were tested for shifts in frequency across time periods. Landform bias of the witness corners was tested using references contained in the surveys. Results showed significant shifts in white oak (Quercus alba L.), chestnut (Castanea dentate Marsh. Borkh.), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus Wild.), black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), red oak(Quercus rubra L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.). The central change was a steady decline in white oak, probably due to the absence of fire and changes in soil properties. Chestnut replaced white oak as the dominant species, but was removed by chestnut blight in the 1930's. Sprouting capability appeared to be the most important silvical characteristic across all species.Master of Science
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Berhane, Daniel. "Development of methods and techniques for land resource surveying for Eritrea." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02162006-153034/.
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Eckert, Penelope Jennings. "The social construction of a watershed : changing rights and changing land /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5542.
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Salminen, Mandy M. "Breeding Bird and Bat Activity Surveys at Dairymen's Inc." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1507213426130855.
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Zhang, Fan. "Regional disparity in homeownership, investment choice, and intra-household bargaining : evidence from Chinese household surveys." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52103/.
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This thesis contains three studies that provide theoretical and empirical evidence on household decisions in housing and investment portfolios in China, using 2010-2014 data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The first study investigates regional disparities in homeownership and value of owner-occupied housing in Chinese cities by using panel data from 2010-2014 CFPS. The results show that demographic characteristics actively shape the housing outcomes of urban households in different regions. The results also reveal development trajectories of regional economies. The findings indicate that while urban households benefit from an emerging population and an enormous growth in the private sector in the Eastern and Central regions, in the Northeastern region households are hindered in homeownership by an ageing population and an economy dominated by oversized but inefficient state-owned enterprises (SoEs). The second study adopts a nested logit approach, applying three data sets from the 2010-2014 CFPS. This approach explores how household investment choice differs with personal and household characteristics (e.g., such as health, demographic features, and institutional factors) across the broad investment categories of financial assets, private businesses, and real estate. I also employ a sub-sample from the 2012 CFPS that is restricted to parental households to examine how parenthood alters household investment decisions by building a binomial logistic model. The empirical results show that migration and income have a positive effect on investment decisions in the nested logit models. The evidence from the subsample finds that there are significant differences in the impact of demographic composition between investment categories. Using the 2010-2014 CFPS panel data, the third study investigates how household investment holdings vary according to demographic composition and intra-household bargaining strength in urban China. In addition, to explore the allocation of household investment, a further examination is carried out in the fixed-effect model with the specification of the Working-Leser function and in a Tobit model with two limits. Empirical evidence supports the following hypotheses: (a) changes in demographic composition considerably alter household investment holdings; and (b) the existence of a higher proportion of female children is strongly associated with an increase in household investments in financial assets.
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Christensen, Thorolf. "The Edfu Nome surveyed : P. Haun. inv. 407 (119-118 BC)." Thesis, Cambridge, UK : University of Cambridge Faculty of Classics, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/127108075.html.
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Moeng, Motsoka William. "The Impact of eco-tourism on land-use patterns the case of Dinokeng eco-tourism pilot project in Gauteng Province /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05252005-112350/.
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Ng, Po-man, and 吳寶文. "A study of passenger land transport connection between Hong Kong International Airport and the Pearl River Delta." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26738661.
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Drown, J. M. "An apparatus of empire : the construction of official geographic knowledge in the survey departments of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, 1788-1836." Thesis, Department of History, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11444.
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Twongyirwe, Ronald. "Forests under threat? : changes in land use and forest cover in rural western Uganda." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252713.
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Deforestation and land use change are widespread in western Uganda. However, the spatial patterns and time-series of change and the reasons why it is occurring remain to be fully investigated. In this work a combination of satellite imagery and social surveys is used to quantify forest gains and loss over the last three decades in the region close to Lake Albert, whilst also providing an account of possible drivers of change. This area proves to be interesting as it covers regions with both formally protected areas (gazetted regions) and un-protected forest, the latter being largely under private ownership. Remote sensing data from the Landsat satellites were gathered for forest change detection, and were processed using standard remote sensing techniques, then quantified using GIS and regression methods. Fieldwork allowed these data to be ground truthed while gathering (quantitative) household surveys and (qualitative) key informant interviews. Quantitative surveys were analysed using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, and were compared qualitatively with the satellite analysis and stakeholder interviews. The results show that forest cover declined significantly outside gazetted areas at the expense of varying local?scale processes, although the protection of the gazetted forests was remarkably successful. In forest corridors outside gazetted regions, losses exceeded 90% (p<0.05). Survey data suggest that rural poor households were more likely to be situated in forested regions, and were more dependent on forest resources for their livelihoods. However, the drivers of change were spatially variable, with expansion of sugarcane farming being a likely driver in the northern areas, but small?scale agricultural expansion a significant factor in the more southern parts of the study region. While there is wide agreement within the data that the patterns of forest cover and land use changes are anthropogenically driven, more specific drivers are swamped by intricacies of the bio-physical and socio-economic preconditions that are inseparable in both space and time, although agricultural expansion and population growth were evident and pervasive. The analyses provide insights into complex anthropogenic processes at various spatial scales, and policy recommendations provided are widely applicable for developing countries struggling to conserve nature whilst boosting economic growth.
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Scuderi, Marco Giovanni. "Bayesian approaches to learning from data how to untangle the travel behavior and land use relationships." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3201.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2005."Bayesian scoring is used to evaluate and compare results from actual data collected for the Baltimore Metropolitan Area with the set of predominant conceptual frameworks linking travel behavior and land use obtained from the literature"--Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-176) and abstract.
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Ford, Tania. "Population change in Adelaide's peri-urban region : patterns, causes and implications." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armf711.pdf.
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Errata slip inserted. Bibliography: leaves 282-298. Aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the nature of current patterns of population change in the peri-urban region; conceptualized as a set of overlapping zones of net growth representing the product of four demographic processes (suburbanisation, counterurbanisation, population retention, centripetal migration). Considers three key aspects of peri-urban growth dynamics in the context of Adelaide's peri-urban region.
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Mattsson, Mårten. "Markägare i Stockholms län och deras inställning till biodiversitet och skydd av mark /." Umeå : Institutionen för skoglig resurshushållning och geomatik, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/9717170.pdf.
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Peterson, Anna. "Farms between past and future : local perspectives for farm planning, design and the new production of landscape values /." Alnarp : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200617.pdf.
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Cheung, Yuet-ming Jacthey. "The socio-economics of pond-fish farming and its implications on future land use in and around Mai Po and Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site /." Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301323.
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Casson, Janet Penelope. "Women and property : a study of women as owners, lessors and lessees of plots of land in England during the nineteenth century as revealed by the land surveys carried out by the railway, canal and turnpike companies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ba7236bf-6ec1-4e73-84de-5cc84db1e1e8.
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This study investigates the ownership and leasing of plots of land by women in four regions of England throughout the nineteenth century including Oxfordshire and surrounding counties (agricultural); West Yorkshire (industrial); London (the metropolis); and Durham ( mining). Innovative research was linked to standard econometric analysis utilising a new source of information about land, namely the books of reference produced by the railway companies. These books had unique advantages, particularly as legal documents scrutinised by Parliament and the public. Information was compiled about 23,966 plots including their uses and details of ownership, leasing and occupation; with a minimum sample of 400 plots per region, per decade. The women were recorded when identified in the documents as owners, lessors or lessees. The study compares the uses of plots with a woman owner or lessee with plots owned by men or institutions. The influence of parish characteristics and the roles of common law and equity on women’s plot ownership are considered, especially the effects of the Married Women’s Property Acts of 1870 and 1882. On average women owned 12.4 per cent of the sampled plots and leased 3.8 per cent, with regional variations. Plot usage and location were important at regional and parish level with women adapting their ownership to local economic conditions. Differences were found between the uses of women-owned plots and those owned by men and institutions. The greatest percentage of women-owned plots everywhere were owned or leased by women with no male or institutional co-owners. There was a multi-regional, long-term time trend towards a greater involvement of women in plot ownership during the century, with a spike in women’s ownership in Yorkshire and London during the Railway Mania. The Married Women’s Property Act of 1870 reduced women’s ownership of plots in every region except London, whereas the 1882 Married Women’s Property Act had mixed effects across the regions. Overall, the research challenges the view that legal and social constraints confined women’s ownership of land to wealthy widows and spinsters and shows that ownership was far more widespread than has been supposed.
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Cruz, Annie Kathleen Freeland. "A critique of the CEQA process in evaluating land use impacts on a transit system : the Natomas Village Center case study." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260618.
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This study examines how well California's Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) evaluates land use redesignations on transit projects, in particular light rail. A case study of the Natomas Village Center, a proposed project in Sacramento, California, is analyzed in relation to its Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and the CEQA process.Specifically, the focus of the investigation is on assessing the impacts of land use changes on the Downtown-Natomas-Airport light rail alignment. The CEQA methodology and how it is employed are critiqued for their effectiveness in documenting and mitigating the environmental impacts on light rail transit adjacent to the Natomas Village Center.Department of Urban Planning
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Birch, Natalie Vivienne Evans. "The vegetation potential of natural rangelands in the mid-Fish River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa : towards a sustainable and acceptable management system /." Connect to this title online, 2000. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/32/.
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Voldemaras, Georgette. "A study of soil survey report use by Indiana secondary school vocational agriculture/agribusiness and social science educators." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/483130.
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Awareness, use and attitude by Indiana secondary school vocational agriculture/agribusiness and social science educators toward soil survey reports were determined using a mailed questionnaire. Results were analyzed based on teaching discipline and geographic location (urban and rural). In general, social science respondents were not aware of and did not use soil survey reports as a teaching aid whereas vocational agriculture/ agribusiness respondents did. The majority of educators responded positively to statements regarding usefulness of soil surveys. No significant differences were found between urban and rural areas. Results indicated that teaching discipline was the critical factor in educator use of soil surveys.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Currans, Kristina Marie. "Issues in Urban Trip Generation." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3778.
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In the 1976, the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) compiled their first Handbook of guidelines and methods for evaluating development-level transportation impacts, specifically vehicular impacts (Institute of Transportation Engineers 1976). Decades later, these methods--essentially the same as when they were originally conceived--are used ubiquitously across the US and Canada. Only recently, with the guidelines in its third edition of the ITE's Trip Generation Handbook (Institute of Transportation Engineers 2014) new data and approaches have been adopted--despite substantial evidence that questions the accuracy of older data, automobile bias, and lack of sensitivity to urban contexts.
This dissertation contributes to this literature by focusing on the data, methods, and assumptions so commonly included in development- or site-level evaluation of transportation impacts. These methods are omnipresent in development-level review--used in transportation impact analyses or studies (TIAs/TISs) of vehicular or mode-based impacts, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and estimates of emissions, scaling or scoping development size, and evaluating transportation system development, impact or utility fees or charges. However, few have evaluated the underlying characteristics of these foundational data--with few exceptions--this manuscript takes aim at understanding inherent issues in the collection and application of ITE's data and methods in various urban contexts.
This manuscript includes a compiled dissertation, four papers written consecutively. The first, evaluates state-of-the-art methods in Chapter 2--identifying gaps in the literature. Two such gaps are explored in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. In Chapter 3, a larger implicit assumption present in ITE's methods--that the existing land-use taxonomy is an optimal and accurate way to describe land use and segment data. Results indicate a simplified taxonomy would provide substantial reductions in cost corresponding with a minor loss in the model's explanation of variance. Following, Chapter 4 explores a common assumption that requires ITE's vehicle trips be converted into person trips and applied across contexts. The results point to the need to consider demographics in site-level transportation impact analysis, particularly to estimate overall demand (person trips, transaction activity) at retail and service development.
In Chapter 5, the findings from this research and previous studies are extrapolated to evaluate and quantify the potential bias when temporal, special, and social contexts are ignored. The results indicate the compounding overestimation of automobile demand may inflate estimation by more than 100% in contexts where ITE should be applicable (suburban areas with moderate incomes). In the conclusions (Chapter 6), the implications of this work are explored, followed by recommendations for practice and a discussion of the limitations of this research and future work.
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Woock, Celeste E. "Seamless Lidar Surveys Reveal Rates and Patterns of Subsidence in the Mississippi River Delta." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2656.
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Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) data are used to report the temporal and spatial patterns of subsidence as well as the potential contributors to subsidence within the Barataria and Terrebonne Bays. In recent decades, subsidence in southeast Louisiana has become a topic of substantial and growing concern to the scientific community, the local residents, and all those invested in the region. Lidar data were acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the LSU Center for Geoinformatics. The data has been manipulated to map the differenced Lidar, complete an instantaneous slope analysis, and determine the thickness of the Holocene sediments. The goal was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subsidence patterns and the dynamic processes driving subsidence within the study area. These efforts provide a better ability to plan for the future of the Louisiana working coast and mitigate against relative sea level rise and coastal land loss.
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Young, Suk-han Edith. "NIMBY syndrome and planning for LULUs : a case study of Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574663.
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Schmidt, Mimmi. "Land Disjunctions; A historical survey." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147648.
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Parcelling was a land divison institution that was used intensively in Sweden during the years 1827-1928. The parcelling consisted of one person selling a certain, decided piece of land to another. The deal was sealed with a simple contract. Whilst the seller was a member of the villages commonities and his land was assigned a quantity in the village, and he was bound to pay tax responding to that quantity, the sold parcel was not. In order not to reduce the land owners taxability, the buyer was therefore required to pay an annual fee to the seller. This fee was to be approved by the county administration, and the buyer also had to apply for Title Deed to have the transfer approved. These approvals were for a long time the only points of control toward parcelling. Involvement of a land surveyor was not a required part of the parcelling process until year 1918. Parcelling was terminated in 1928, but the parcels created before then are independent real estate units just like any other. This means that they sometimes are affected by land regulations and surveys just like any other real estate. When investigating the contents of these parcels the contract, past claims and other factors shall be used, to search out the initial purpose of the transfer. The contract that seller and buyer signed is the main source of evidence. Unfortunately, the contracts do not always answer the questions that may arise over time. Maps were not always made, and even when they were, they might have disappeared over time or simply be unspecific. What then remains are past claims and other circumstances to provide clues about what the purpose may once have been. The questions that arise when a parcel is to be investigated often concern its borders, wether water was included, fishing rights as well as other rights and commonities. The issue of water for these parcels has been particularly contentious. Legal practice has concluded that there are no presumptions, although such have been suggested and sometimes applied. There are however a number of scenarios where water and fishing in principle can be considered to have been part of the transfer.Denna rapport redovisar ett examensarbete som syftat till att genom en litteraturstudie kart-lägga ett äldre jorddelningsinstitut, jordavsöndring. Jordavsöndring var ett jorddelningsinstitut, som fanns i svensk lagstiftning åren 1827-1928. Innan dess förekom också jorddelning som liknade jordavsöndring, men det var i allmänhet förbjudet att dela jord eftersom staten var beroende av skatteintäkter från jordägarna. Jordavsöndring gick, något generaliserat, till så att en person genom ett avtal sålde ett bestämt markområde till en annan. Med detta markområde – avsöndringslägenheten, jordavsöndring-en, avsöndringslotten – följde inte något mantal i byn och heller ingen skattskyldighet. För att inte minska skattekraften i stamfastigheten var köparen skyldig att betala en årlig avgift till säljaren. Den här avgiften skulle godkännas av länsstyrelsen, och köparen skulle söka lagfart för att få överlåtelsen godkänd. Dessa godkännanden var länge den enda kontrollen som gjordes vid avsöndring. Lantmätares inblandning blev inte en nödvändig del i avsöndringsprocessen för-rän år 1918. Jordavsöndringsinstitutet togs bort 1928, men fastigheter som avsöndrats innan dess är själv-ständiga fastigheter som alla andra. Det innebär att de blir berörda av lantmäteriförrättningar precis som alla andra fastigheter ibland blir. Vid bestämning av gränser till en avsöndrad fastighet ska överlåtelsehandlingar, innehav, och andra omständigheter användas för att söka syftet med avsöndringen. Det avtal som säljare och köpare tecknade är den viktigaste beviskällan när man ska utreda vad som ingår i en av-söndrad fastighet. Tyvärr erbjuder avtalen inte alltid svar på de frågor som kan uppstå med tiden. Kartor har inte alltid upprättats, och även när de har upprättats så är de inte alltid till hjälp. Kvar står sedan innehav och andra omständigheter att ge ledtrådar om vad syftet en gång kan ha varit. De frågetecken som uppstår när en avsöndring ska utredas rör ofta gränser, vattenområden och rätt till fiske samt rättigheter och samfälligheter. Frågan om vattenområdens tillhörighet för avsöndringar har varit särskilt omtvistad. Praxis har utvecklats till att det inte finns någon presumtionsregel, även om det har varit på förslag och i perioder har tillämpats. Det finns ett antal typfall där vatten och fiske principiellt kan anses ha ingått vid avsöndring.
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Gustafson, Tomas. "Bird communities and vegetation on Swedish wet meadows : importance of management regimes and landscape composition /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001234/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/28/2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print. Print version includes appendices.
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Turton, Rachael Heather. "The impact of the radiation balance on snowmelt in a sparse deciduous birch forest." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29567.
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The representation of high-latitude surface processes and quantifying surface-climate feedbacks are some of the most serious shortcomings of present day Arctic land surface modelling. The energy balance of seasonally snow-covered sparse deciduous forests at high latitudes is poorly understood and inaccurately represented within hydrological and climate models. Snow cover plays an important role in wintertime fluxes of energy, water and carbon, controlling the length of the active growing season and hence the overall carbon balance of Arctic ecosystems. Snow cover is non-uniform and spatially variable, as wind redistributes snow from areas of exposed open tundra to sheltered areas within the forest, where a deeper snowpack develops. Low solar zenith angles, coupled with sparse deciduous leafless trees, cast shadows across the snow surface. The spatial distribution of canopy gaps determines the timing of direct radiation which penetrates down through the canopy to the snow surface. The forest canopy also excludes incoming longwave radiation and yet also emits longwave radiation to the snow surface. Consequently the forest canopy plays a key role in the radiation balance of sparse forests. To improve our knowledge of these complex processes, meteorological and field observations were taken in an area of highly heterogeneous birch Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii forest in Abisko, Sweden during the spring of 2008 and 2009. Detailed measurements of short and longwave radiation above and below the canopy, hemispherical photographs, tree temperatures and snow surveys were conducted to quantify the radiation balance of the sparse deciduous forest. An array of below canopy pyranometers found the mean canopy transmissivity to be 74 % in 2008 and 76 % in 2009. Hemispherical photographs taken at the pyranometer locations analysed with Gap Light Analyzer (GLA) showed reasonable agreement with a mean canopy transmissivity of 75 % in 2008 and 74 % in 2009. The canopy transmissivity was found to be independent of the diffuse fraction of radiation as the canopy is very sparse. A series of survey grids and transects were established to scale up from the below canopy pyranometers to the landscape scale. Hemispherical photographs analysed with GLA showed the sparse forest canopy had a mean transmissivity of 78 % and a mean LAI of 0.25, whereas the open tundra had a mean transmissivity of 97 % and a mean LAI of < 0.01. Snow surveys showed the sparse forest snow depth to vary between 0.34 and 0.55 m, whereas the snow depth in the open tundra varied between 0.12 and 0.18 m. Observations of canopy temperatures showed a strong influence of incident shortwave radiation warming the tree branches to temperatures up to 15 °C warmer than ambient air temperature on the south facing sides of the trees, and up to 6 °C on the north facing sides of the trees. To reproduce the observed radiation balance, two canopy models (Homogenous and Clumped) were developed. The Homogeneous canopy model assumes a single tree tile with a uniform sparse canopy. The Clumped canopy model assumes a tree and a grass tile, where the tree tile is permanently in shade from the canopy and the grass tile receives all the incoming radiation. These canopy models identified the need for a parameter that accounts for the spatial and temporal variation of the shaded gaps within the sparse forest. JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) is the community land surface model used in the UK Hadley Centre GCM suite. Modifications of the land-surface interactions were included in JULES to represent the shaded gaps within the sparse deciduous forest. New parameterisations were developed for the time-varying sunlit fractions of the gap (flit), the sky-view fraction (fv), and the longwave radiation emitted from the canopy (LWtree). These model developments were informed by field observations of the forest canopy and evaluated against the below canopy short and longwave radiation observed data sets. The JULES Shaded gap model output showed a strong positive relationship with the observations of below canopy shortwave and longwave radiation. The JULES Shaded gap model improves the ratio of observed to modelled short and longwave radiation on sunny days compared to the JULES model. The JULES Shaded gap model reduces the time to snow melt by 2 to 4 days compared to the JULES model, making the model output more aligned with in-situ observational data. This shortening of the modelled snow-season directly impacts on the simulated carbon and water balance regionally and has wider relevance at the pan-Arctic scale. When JULES Shaded Gap was evaluated on the global scale, it improved the modelled snowmass across large areas of sparse forest in northern Canada, Scandinavia and Northern Russia with respect to GlobSnow. The performance of the land surface-snow-vegetation interactions of JULES was improved by using the Shaded gap to model the radiation balance of sparse forests in climate-sensitive Arctic regions. Furthermore these observational data can be used to develop and evaluate high latitude land-surface processes and biogeochemical feedbacks in other earth system models.
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Van, der Linde N. M. "'n Ondersoek na die implementering van verdigting deur beleid binne Paarl munisipale gebied." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51850.
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Thesis (M. Town and regional planning)--Stellenbosch University , 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An ever increasing segment of the population in the current low density category contributes to the sprawling South African city as we know it today. To provide for the housing needs o f people, precious agricultural land is being used, and the historic character o f towns is being destroyed. Densification of the city structure has been put forward as a solution to this problem. In this way, different components of the city may be connected and existing infrastructure may be optimally utilised. The concept of densification is gaining popularity in all spheres o f planning. The implementation of densification requires suitable policy, as well as the strict application of the aforesaid. A densification policy must include consultation with all parties involved with a view to finding a balance between the need for land for development purposes, the conservation of agricultural land, the conservation of the historic character o f towns and cities, as well as being in the public interest. A theoretical investigation was done in which all aspects regarding densification, and its implementation in the South African context were studied. Attention was also given to policy formulation. This was followed by an empirical study, based on the Paarl municipal region as an example, in an attempt to reconcile theory and practice. It was found that although densification enjoys great support, the perception held by professional planners as to appropriate methods for the achievement o f higher densities did not correspond wholly with theoretical arguments in this regard. It was also found that it is important to view densification in relation to the environment in which it is applied, and to create an executable policy for a specifically designated area.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Snelgroeiende bevolkingsgetalle in ‘n lae-digtheidsmilieu dra by tot die uitgebreide Suid- Afrikaanse stad soos ons dit vandag ken. In die proses word kosbare landbougrond gebruik om in die behuisingsbehoefte van die mens te voorsien en die historiese karakter van dorpe word vernietig. As oplossing vir hierdie probleem word verdigting van die stad voorgestel, om sodoende verskillende komponente van die stad te verbind en reeds bestaande infrastruktuur tot die optimum te benut. Die konsep van verdigting geniet toenemende gewildheid in alle sfere van beplanning. Implementering van verdigting kan slegs deur die daarstelling van geskikte beleid en die toepassing daarvan geskied. By die formulering van ‘n verdigtingsbeleid moet alle rolspelers in die proses geraadpleeg word en ‘n middeweg tussen die behoefte aan grond vir ontwikkeling, die bewaring van kosbare landbougrond, die bewaring van die historiese karakter van ‘n stad en die publiek se belange gevind word. ‘n Deeglike teoretiese ondersoek is geloods, wat teoretiese aspekte omtrent verdigting en die implementering van verdigting binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks ondersoek het. Daar is ook aandag aan beleidsformulering gegee. Dit is opgevolg deur ‘n empiriese studie wat binne Paarl se munisipale gebied uitgevoer is en teoretiese inligting met die praktyk probeer versoen. In hierdie studie is bevind dat alhoewel verdigting van die stad groot ondersteuning geniet, die persepsie van professionele persone in die beplanningsprofessie oor metodes om hoër digthede te bereik, nie heeltemal met die voorgestelde metodes vervat in teoretiese bronne ooreenstem nie. Daar is ook bevind dat dit belangrik is om verdigting binne die konteks van die omgewing waarin dit toegepas word, te beskou en sodoende ‘n uitvoerbare beleid vir ‘n spesifieke omgewing op te stel.
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McGinley, Susan Elizabeth 1952. "A readership survey of "Arizona Land & People" magazine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291783.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the University of Arizona College of Agriculture magazine, Arizona Land & People, by evaluating it for reader satisfaction and interest, usefulness of information and reader demographics. The study used a mailed questionnaire, sent to a random sample of Arizona residents on the subscriber list. Findings indicate that the majority of the recipients are satisfied with the magazine in its present form, although they prefer that it be published more often. The readers represent a wide range of occupations, many related to agriculture. The magazine is valued for the quality of its technical information, which a majority of the readers use for work-related purposes. Findings also suggest that Arizona Land & People is a valuable reference tool in schools and libraries.
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Pele, Nicolas. "Dépense des ménages pour leur mobilité quotidienne : une approche par les formes urbaines." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2022/document.
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La mobilité quotidienne est au cœur des réflexions sur la durabilité des villes. Moyen de réaliser ses activités quotidiennes et clé de voute des relations sociales, ses aspects économiques, et notamment ce que doivent dépenser les ménages pour se déplacer, sont un enjeu actuel majeur.Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur les interactions entre forme urbaine et mobilité quotidienne au travers du prisme des dépenses de mobilité. Pour questionner ces interactions, deux méthodes sont utilisées, indissociables l’une de l’autre.La première méthode consiste à acquérir une compréhension des effets de l’environnement construit du lieu de résidence sur le budget mobilité des ménages. Les données présentes dans les Enquêtes Ménages Déplacements sont particulièrement adaptées à cet exercice, car elles contiennent une richesse d’information importante sur les individus ainsi que leur mobilité,équipements, opinions et lieu d’habitation. Le terrain d’étude de ce travail est l’aire urbaine de Lyon, qui abrite une grande diversité de territoires et de modes de transport et où sont disponibles de nombreuses bases de données.Tout d’abord, une typologie de territoires a été construite, basée sur les principaux déterminants de la mobilité : densité, iversité, design, accessibilité aux destinations, distance aux transports collectifs et démographie. Ensuite, un cadre d’analyse systémique des relations entre forme urbaine et mobilité quotidienne a été élaboré afin d’identifier trois indicateurs qui permettent de les appréhender : la motorisation, le choix modal et les distances parcourues par modes. La typologiede territoires se révèle fortement explicative sur ces trois indicateurs. Une analyse des évolutions des mobilités entre 1995 et 2015 permet également d’identifier de nouveaux enjeux liés à l’évolution des prix, des comportements et de la démographie.Ce questionnement est ensuite prolongé à travers l’expression et la mesure des mécanismes d’intervention des caractéristiques du lieu de résidence sur le budget mobilité. A l’aide de la technique des modèles d’équations structurelles, les chemins causaux existant entre la forme urbaine locale et le budget mobilité sont explicités. Cette méthode est appliquée sur différentespopulations et types de territoires – ménages actifs puis retraités sur l’agglomération de Lyon puis sur les territoires périurbains – afin d’acquérir une compréhension fine du budget mobilité des ménages.La seconde méthode consiste à tester diverses organisations morphologiques et fonctionnelles du territoire à l’échelle du bassin de vie, afin de mesurer les effets sur le budget mobilité des ménages. Ce travail est réalisé à l’aide d’un modèle d’interaction transport-urbanisme, SIMBAD, qui permet de conduire une analyse systémique et multi-échelles des effets de la forme urbaine sur le budget mobilité. Divers scénarios de forme urbaine sont simulés, participant ainsi au débat sur la durabilité des formes urbaine monocentrique compacte, étalée diffuse et polycentrique dans une logique de Transit Oriented Development.Par ailleurs, les enseignements de la première méthode, c’est-à-dire le traitement des Enquêtes Ménages Déplacements pour étudier les effets de la forme urbaine locale sur le budget mobilité, nous incitent à conduire une analyse multi-échelles des résultats des simulations : une réflexion sur la différenciation des impacts selon l’organisation du territoire et selon le lieu de résidence à l’intérieur de l’aire urbaine est ainsi menée.Ce travail de thèse apporte donc à la fois des éléments méthodologiques pour analyser les interactions entre forme urbaine et budget mobilité, avec la construction de modèles d’équations structurelles et l’usage d’un modèle d’interaction transport-urbanisme dans un objectif de simulation, ainsi que divers résultats et éclairages qui viennent prolonger la littérature scientifiqueexistanteDaily mobility is at the heart of debate on urban sustainability. A mean to carry out our daily activities and a key to social interactions, economic aspects and especially household expenditures linked to mobility are a major current issue.This thesis proposes a discussion on the interactions between urban form and daily mobility through mobility expenditures. Two interrelated methods of analysis are used to investigate these interactions.The first one relies on a comprehensive understanding of the effects of the built environment on daily mobility budgets. Household surveys are especially suited to this analysis because they provide a wealth of information on individuals’ attributes, their mobility, equipment, opinions and housing characteristics. Combined with various local or national databases, it is possible to estimate a household budget for every surveyed household. The case study for this analysis is the Lyon urban area. It contains very different built environments, and hosts a diverse array of transport modes. Furthermore, numerous databases are available for our analysis.First, we build a typology of territories based on the main daily mobility determinants: density, diversity, design, accessibility to destinations, distance to transit and demography. Then, an analytical framework of relations between urban form and daily mobility is built to identify three indicators to apprehend them: motorization, modal choice and distance per mode. This typology of territories is tested on these three indicators and appears to be highly significant. An analysis of the mobility evolution between 1995 and 2015 also identify various new issues related to prices, behavioral and demographic evolutionsThis line of questioning is extended through the identification and quantification of the effects of built environment characteristics on household mobility budgets. Using a Structural Equation Modelling method, causal paths between local urban form and household expenditures are presented. This method is applied to different types of population and territories – workers and retired households of the Lyon agglomeration then on the same types in suburban areas – in order to understand householdmobility budgets.The second method consists of testing various morphological and functional organizations of the territory in order to measure their effects on daily mobility budgets. This work is conducted using a land use and interaction model (LUTI), SIMBAD, which allows us to conduct a systemic and multiscale analysis of urban form on daily mobility budgets. Different scenarios of urban form are thereafter simulated, contributing to the debate on the durability of monocentric, sprawled or polycentric citiesin a Transit Oriented Development urban form. Besides, lessons learned from data processing of Households Surveys encourage us to conduct a multiscale analysis. A discussion on the differentiation of impacts depending on the global form of the territory is conducted.This thesis work presents innovative methodological elements to analyze the interactions between urban form and mobility budgets, including the construction of structural equations models and the use of a LUTI model to simulate urban environments. It also offers novel results, which contribute to the current scientific literature
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Timmermans, Herman Gerald. "Rural livelihoods at Dwesa/Cwebe : poverty, development and natural resource use on the Wild Coast, South Africa /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/78/.
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Ryan, Joanna. "Examining land reform in South Africa: evidence from survey data." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26945.
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Land and land reform have long been contentious and highly charged topics in South Africa, with land performing the dual functions of redress for the past and development for the future. This research explores both these aspects of land, with the focus being on the impact of land receipt on household welfare and food insecurity, and social preferences for fairness and redistribution more generally. One of the main aims is to contribute to the land reform debate by providing previously-lacking quantitative evidence on the aggregate welfare outcomes of land redistribution, as well as the extent of social preferences for redistribution in the land restitution framework. In exploring these issues, the welfare outcomes of land are first explored using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data and unconditional quantile regression analysis. The focus is then narrowed to the food insecurity impact of land receipt, beginning with a methodological chapter outlining the development of a new food insecurity index applying the Alkire-Foster method of multidimensional poverty measurement (2009; 2011). This is followed by the presentation and discussion of food insecurity profiles of land beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. The new index is also used as an outcome measure in exploring the determinants of household food insecurity. These two sections again use the NIDS data. The final section shifts the emphasis from the economic welfare benefits of land redistribution to notions of fairness and social justice encapsulated by land restitution. A behavioural laboratory experiment is used to investigate social preferences for fairness, and the factors that influence redistributive inclinations, by exploring the relative weights placed on fairness considerations and self-interest, as well as the fairness ideal. The findings indicate that beneficiaries do not use the land received for productive purposes, a possible explanation for the limited economic welfare impacts of land reform that are observed. Despite this limited developmental impact, the laboratory experiment makes it clear that land reform plays an important role in addressing other needs and wants in society, particularly in respect of preferences for fairness and addressing historical injustices.
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Birch, Natalie Vivienne Evans. "The vegetation potential of natural rangelands in the mid-Fish River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa: towards a sustainable and acceptable management system." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/32/1/thesis.PDF.
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Desertification is the diminution or destruction of the biological potential of land, and can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions. The vegetation of southern Africa is claimed to have altered over the past 100 years and much of the change is attributed to pastoral practice. In recent years however there has been much debate around the issue of the deterioration and loss of productivity of the natural rangelands, specifically those under communal management. It is one thing to claim that the vegetation has changed but quite another to produce data and analyses to show this unequivocally. Furthermore it is generally difficult to determine the nature and extent of change in natural ecosystems, as one does not know what the optimal base-line conditions should be. For this reason emphasis has been placed on developing models of potential or expected vegetation. By comparing a model of potential or expected vegetation with that of the contemporary vegetation, areas that deviate from expectation can be identified, in so doing providing evidence of the direction of change in the rangelands under various management treatments. The objective of this study was to determine shifts in the vegetation under different land-use treatments, by developing a technique to predict the potential vegetation of an area. In order to explore the nature and extent of degradation at the landscape scale a study site was selected where a range of land-use and rangeland management practices could be studied in parallel. The mid-Fish River valley consists of three markedly different units of land management, namely commercial rangelands, communal rangelands and nature conservation areas. The vegetation within the mid-Fish River valley falls within the Thicket biome and consists of three main vegetation types namely, Short Succulent Thicket, Medium Succulent Thicket and Mesic Bushclump Savanna. The creation of this potential vegetation model was dependent on the direct gradient analysis approach of relating the community patterns with environmental variables. To achieve this, floristic information was collected at sites along a topographical-moisture gradient. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) between the environmental variables and the plant communities produced a classification from which the conditions normally associated with the major plant communities were predicted. When projected as a digital map, the qualifying sites provided a testable hypothesis of the potential vegetation. The results of this study showed a definite grazing gradient, which reflects a change from a more mesic environment towards a more arid environment with an increase in utilisation pressure. The predictive vegetation model proved to be useful for predicting the occurrence of the valley thicket communities within the Eastern Cape.
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Novak, Luis Henrique. "Avaliação consequencial do ciclo de vida: inventário do uso solo para produção prevista de biodiesel no Brasil em 2030." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/691.
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CAPESAs emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) vêm gerando graves mudanças no clima mundial. Uma das soluções propostas para mitigar o problema é a substituição dos combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis. A eficácia dessa medida tem sido questionada, tendo em vista as possíveis consequências indiretas da produção agrícola. A Avaliação Consequencial do Ciclo de Vida é um método de avaliação ambiental de produtos que inclui efeitos indiretos. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é aplicar o método para obtenção de um inventário do uso agrícola do solo necessário para incrementar a produção de óleo vegetal visando atender a mudança na demanda de biodiesel no Brasil prevista para o período 2010-2030. Das matérias-primas consideradas (soja, amendoim, algodão, dendê, girassol e canola), o estudo mostra que o óleo de dendê é a matéria-prima marginal e apenas 5% da área potencial para plantio de dendê seria utilizada para atender ao incremento na demanda de biodiesel. A área necessária diretamente pelo dendê seria de 2,1 milhões de hectares na região Norte do Brasil. A torta de amêndoa, co-produto dependente do processo multifuncional do dendê, pode substituir o farelo de soja usado como ração, evitando o plantio de 0,6 milhões de hectares de soja. Assim, o inventário final do uso do solo é um incremento 1,5 milhões de hectares para produção agrícola na região Norte do Brasil. Foram desenvolvidos cenários alternativos: produtividade do dendê constante, mudança no horizonte temporal (2010-2020) e mudança na taxa de crescimento do co-produto determinante. Não houve alteração no resultado do estudo para os cenários considerados.
Greenhouse gas emission has several negative consequences on worldwide climate. Biofuels have been considered one of the solutions to mitigate this problem by substitution of fossil fuel. However, indirect effects should be included in order to produce more reliable results in environmental assessment. In this context, Consequential Life Cycle Assessment is a method that can fill this gap. The objective of this work is to use the method to obtain the agricultural land use inventory to meet the biodiesel demand change in Brazil, considering the period 2010-2030. Only the main feedstock were included (soybean, peanut, cottonseed, palm, sunflower and canola). From these, the study found the palm oil as the marginal one. Around 5% of the potential area for palm would be used to meet the biodiesel demand change. The increased area would be 2,1 million hectares in North region of Brazil. The palm meal, which is a dependent co-product from multifunctional process, can substitute soybean meal as animal feed. The substitution avoids 0,6 million hectares of soybean in North region. Finally, the net land use inventory is 1,5 million hectares in North region of Brazil. Three alternative cenarios were developed: palm productivity unchanged, a different time horizon (2010-2020) and a different increasing rate for the determinant co-product. The same result was found for all cenarios.
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Galusha, Anna Hunt. ""A journey to the land of Eden": a survey of Virginia land use from 1584 to 1884." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51902.
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The attitudes of Virginia explorers and colonists toward the land and its resources and how these attitudes informed their treatment of them was investigated. The effect of the expectation that Virginia was a newly discovered Garden of Eden on plant cultivation was explored, in terms of agriculture and domestic utilitarian and pleasure gardens.
It was determined that the expectation of an Eden in Virginia resulted in the exploitation of Virginia's resources and the creation of formal gardens as a symbol of control over the land.
Garden designs and plants used during specific periods in Virginia history were described. In Part II of this thesis, this information was used to determine historical gardens for Airfield Conference Center in Sussex County, Virginia.Master of Science
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Morris, Jason C. "The groma and the gladius : Roman surveyors in the later Republic : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1318.
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CILLIS, GIUSEPPE. "NEW ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR SURVEY AND ANALYSISbOF AGROFORESTRY LAND: FROM LAND COVER CHANGES TO RURAL LANDSCAPE QUALITY ASSESSMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/146897.
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The general objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to explore the concepts and methodologies for investigating agroforestry land and rural landscape through the integration of historical and remote sensing geodata within a FoSS (Free and Open Source Software) approach; to provide more and more accurate data sets regarding land cover and to improve some mapping and data processing techniques commonly used in this research topic. The first part of thesis describes the different types of geodata used in the course of the studies and, above all, the techniques and methodologies used for their processing are illustrated. Starting from historical cartographies, we will go through aerial surveys and geographical maps up to the new remote sensing using advanced satellite observation technologies. In the second part, more specific issues were dealt in accordance with the general objective of the work have been defined. The issues were approached through case studies within the Basilicata Region where the intensity of the abandonment of the territory and agricultural surface is leading to the loss of many historical rural landscapes and with consequent problems from an ecological point of view due to the disappearance of many agroforestry systems.L'obiettivo generale di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di esplorare i concetti e le metodologie per lo studio del territorio agroforestale e del paesaggio rurale attraverso l'integrazione di geodati storici e telerilevamento con un approccio FoSS (Free and Open Source Software); per fornire serie di dati sempre più accurate sulla copertura del suolo e migliorare alcune tecniche di mappatura ed elaborazione comunemente utilizzate in questo ambito di ricerca. La prima parte della tesi descrive i diversi tipi di geodati impiegati nel corso degli studi e, soprattutto, vengono illustrate le tecniche e le metodologie utilizzate per la loro elaborazione. Partendo dalle cartografie storiche, si passerà ai rilievi aerei ed alle cartogrofaie classifche fino al remote sensing basato su immagini satellitari. Nella seconda parte sono state trattate tematiche più specifiche in accordo con l'obiettivo generale del lavoro. Le tematiche sono state affrontate attraverso casi di studio all'interno della Regione Basilicata dove l'intensità dell'abbandono del territorio e della superficie agricola sta portando alla perdita di molti paesaggi rurali storici con conseguenti problemi dal punto di vista ecologico dovuti alla scomparsa di molti sistemi agroforestali.
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Carlson, Thomas P. "The impact of global positioning systems (G.P.S.) in land surveying and the related competencies needed by land surveying graduates in the State of Wisconsin." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000carlson.pdf.
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Young, Suk-han Edith, and 楊淑嫻. "NIMBY syndrome and planning for LULUs: a casestudy of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574663.
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Pistol, Andreas. "Lyckans land? : En ekonometrisk studie över nationshemvistens påverkan på upplevd lycka." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127199.
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Does the country people live in affect the probability of them experiencing happiness? Can a country variable in an ordinal regression model be affected when microeconomic and macroeconomic factors are added to the model? The possible outcomes are either that the country variable affects less when the additional predictors are added to the model, or that they stay the same. The micro data is collected from the European Social Survey database, the macro data is collected from the World Bank. The country variable becomes less substantial when additional variables are added to the model. The variable with the most influence over expected happiness apart from the country variable is whether the individual often socializes with friends or not. It’s statistically significant that the supervened variables make the country variable less volatile in some cases.
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Aguiar, Douglas Vieira de. "Grid configuration and land use : a syntactic survey of Porto Alegre (Brazil)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301615.
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Hosken, E. J. "The design and implementation of a computerised land survey information management package." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381528.
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Ngamsirijit, Wuttigrai. "Manufacturing flexibility improvement : case studies and survey of Thai automotive industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10552/.
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To deal with dynamic and uncertain business environments, agile manufacturing is of interest to academics and practitioners. However, in order to achieve agile manufacturing, one of its dimensions is of major importance - manufacturing flexibility. It is not possible to achieve agile manufacturing with ineffective management of manufacturing flexibility. Most firms acknowledge how flexibility can be improved but few can successfully implement it to its full potential. In addition, manufacturing firms today tend to improve and implement manufacturing flexibility at a strategic level. This means higher perception of benefits and better awareness of risks. This research studied the current awareness and practices of manufacturing flexibility improvement in a manufacturing setting, particularly the Thai automotive industry. Through case studies, they can extract more information about the experiences of companies in the planning, implementation and operations of manufacturing flexibility. Thus, the following contributions were made: First, this research will provide comprehensive overviews and insights on various manufacturing flexibility improvements on aspects of pragmatic management perspectives. Second, this research explored the issues or factors taken into account when manufacturing firms, especially Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), improve their flexibility. Third, the research also explored and validated the major problems in achieving manufacturing flexibility and operating issues critical to manufacturing flexibility performance within manufacturing and supply chain aspects, especially suppliers. The underlying concepts to enhance manufacturing flexibility as well as barriers and enhancers of manufacturing flexibility within individuals and between OEMs and suppliers can be then obtained. In consequence, a framework of manufacturing flexibility improvement incorporating key elements from case studies and surveys was derived. Finally, the decision-making framework including managerial guidance and strategic evaluation methodology for better evaluating flexibility improvement strategies and achieving manufacturing flexibility were developed and tested. This is sought to create a formal and rational process that guides manufacturers through the strategic evaluation process in relation to manufacturing flexibility improvement. These can be the basis for follow up research in a specific area within flexibility improvement and enhance the development/deployment of flexibility in automotive and other manufacturing enterprises. Overall, an operations strategy can be well established and the highest level of manufacturing flexibility can be achieved. Hence, the firm can maintain or increase its competitive advantages and profitability under uncertain circumstances of manufacturing and supply chain.
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De, Nardis Mauro. "The writings of the Roman land surveyors : technical and legal aspects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317548/.
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The basic object of study of this dissertation is those texts conventionally known as 'the writings of the Roman land surveyors'. It deals in particular with the nature of the works of a body of authors (Frontinus and his later commentator, 'first' and 'second' Hyginus, Siculus Flaccus and Urbicus) which have come down to us, within the aforesaid collection of writings characterized by a diversified technical framework, through a peculiar manuscript tradition. Their treatises are of a special importance because they do not simply illustrate various principles and aspects of the technique of land measurement connected with areas of territory which have been parcelled and allocated. These authors, in fact, also describe those different kinds of markers which typify the boundary system used to enclose private/public areas or parcels of land. Such descriptions are connected by them with a discussion about different types of disputes which may arise either about the boundary line/strip or an area of land. The aim of the research is double. On the one hand, it seeks to ascertain more precisely the interrelation between the writings (or part of the writings) of the above mentioned authors: what was the extent and character of the influence each treatise may have exerted on the other by means of the technical terminology and systematization of the subject (along with any development of the land surveying technique) they followed. The first part of this study is, therefore, devoted to a close analysis of the way their works have been transmitted and all the most relevant passages which may lead not only to a better understanding of the nature of such works, but also to a more reliable chronology. On the other hand, this investigation is aimed to ascertain what was the actual province of the Agnmensores in the procedure for settling private and public law cases concerning land disputes in Imperial Rome. By commenting on all the most relevant epigraphical and documentary records dealing with this subject, along with those collections of laws concerning the 'action for regulating boundaries', it is possible to maintain not only that, according to the Roman law in force, the Agrimensores never held any office of arbitrators or judges to settle such disputes, but also that the jurists' and the Agnmensores' way of indicating the object of disputes about 'boundary' and 'site' was different, since their technical needs were different.
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Leonard, Daniel Ian. "The Yalahau Regional Wetland Survey| Ancient Maya Land Use in Northern Quintana Roo, Mexico." Thesis, University of California, Riverside, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3600580.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on a little-explored system of freshwater wetlands in the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. Previous archaeological research at one wetland in the Yalahau region found evidence for manipulation in the form of constructed rock alignments, which likely functioned as dikes and dams to control soil and water for food production. There are 175 wetlands in the Yalahau region, therefore the goal of the regional survey was to assess the extent of wetland manipulation, and correlate this manipulation with wetland environmental variables such as vegetation, topography, soil type, and flood regime. A sample of 25 wetlands was selected for survey. Fieldwork involved vegetation mapping, rock alignment mapping, plant collections, topographic transects, installation of water loggers, and extraction of soil cores. Using these data, I evaluate hypotheses regarding patterns in the distribution of alignments, chronology of wetland use, and relationship between developed wetlands and nearby ancient sites. My research shows that wetland manipulation with rock alignments was widespread in the Yalahau region, and that the Maya tended to build rock alignments in very particular physiographic contexts. This project provides a basis for future investigations into rock alignment function and how the Maya adapted to changing environmental conditions in the wetlands.
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Hudson, Teresa Michelle. "Assessing and evaluating the Forest Stewardship Program : promoting and conducting sound wildlife management /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063302/.
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Taylor, George Edward. "The design, development and implementation of a surveyors' land information management package." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315612.
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