Journal articles: 'Land tenure – China'

1

Jacoby, Hanan G., Guo Li, and Scott Rozelle. "Hazards of Expropriation: Tenure Insecurity and Investment in Rural China." American Economic Review 92, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1420–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024575.

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We use household data from northeast China to examine the link between investment and land tenure insecurity induced by China's system of village-level land reallocation. We quantify expropriation risk using a hazard analysis of individual plot tenures and incorporate the predicted “hazards of expropriation” into an empirical analysis of plot-level investment. Our focus is on organic fertilizer use, which has long-lasting benefits for soil quality. Although we find that higher expropriation risk significantly reduces application of organic fertilizer, a welfare analysis shows that guaranteeing land tenure in this part of China would yield only minimal efficiency gains.

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Li, Bo, Ruimei Wang, and Quan Lu. "Land Tenure and Cotton Farmers’ Land Improvement: Evidence from State-Owned Farms in Xinjiang, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010117.

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The land system of state-owned farms in China is different from that in rural areas. Whether the land tenure of state-owned farms can play a role in protecting cultivated land is an important issue for the high-quality development of state-owned agriculture in China. This article develops a dynamic model to examine how land tenure influences farmers’ decisions on land improvement. It then analyzes this relationship based on cotton farmers’ household-level data from state-owned farms of Xinjiang in China. We applied methods that take into account the possible endogeneity of the land tenure. The results reveal that the stability of land tenure in the past will not affect the current behavior of farmers for they have a relatively stable expectation of current land tenure and a high degree of trust in the government and its policies. The intergenerational transfer of land tenure is not the key factor that affects farmers’ land conservation, and the relatively long-term duration of land tenure (possibly five years or more) during their careers is more important. Our findings also reveal that non-property factors, such as government intervention (e.g., technology promotion) that alleviates the limited rationality of farmers, cannot be ignored because they played a crucial role in past land improvement when land tenure was less stable.

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Long, Guoren, Xiaoyan Zhou, and Jun Li. "Land Tenure, Loans, and Farmers’ Cropland Conservation Behavior: Evidence from Rural Northwest China." Land 13, no. 4 (March 23, 2024): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040413.

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The pivotal role of farmers’ cropland conservation behavior (CCB) in advancing green agricultural practices is well-recognized. This paper underscores the critical role of stable land tenure in enhancing farmers’ CCB, exemplified by the practice of mulch recycling. Drawing on a survey of 349 cotton farmers in Xinjiang, Northwest China, it offers a systematic examination of how land tenure stability influences CCB and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between land tenure stability and CCB. Notably, this relationship is mediated by the facilitation of land mortgages, wherein written contracts and extended land tenure durations enhance farmers’ participation in land mortgages, thereby bolstering CCB. Furthermore, the stabilizing effect of land tenure on CCB also mitigates the negative impacts of risk aversion and time preference. The study additionally highlights the differential effects of land tenure stability based on farm size and technical training; its facilitative role in CCB is more pronounced among larger-scale farmers and those engaged in technical training.

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4

Ma, Xianlei, Nico Heerink, Ekko van Ierland, Marrit van den Berg, and Xiaoping Shi. "Land tenure security and land investments in Northwest China." China Agricultural Economic Review 5, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561371311331133.

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5

Li, Jing. "Land tenure and agricultural investments in China: a meta-regression analysis." China Agricultural Economic Review 12, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2018-0245.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that lead to the controversy within the existing empirical literature on the relationship between land tenure and agricultural investments in China. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a meta-regression analysis (MRA) based on 265 samples from 29 selected studies. These studies are collected from different regions and populations; therefore, this study utilizes a random-effects meta-regression model to control between-study heterogeneity. Findings The empirical results show that the variable “land-related long-term investments” significantly affects the relationship between land tenure and agricultural investments. The variables: “ration land,” “land titling” and “land transfer rights” all have significant effects on this relationship, but at different levels. The study area (e.g. “western China,” “central/inland China,” “two regions contained”), “plot level,” “panel data,” “sample size,” “considered endogeneity” and “off-farm employment” variables all significantly influence the relationship. Additionally, the results show that the relationship is significantly affected by the survey time. Practical implications Policymakers should treat the existing research conclusions with caution and pay more attention to defining land tenure. The relationship between land tenure and agricultural investments also depends on regional resource availability. Therefore, land property rights policies should be region-specific in order to successfully encourage agricultural investments. Originality/value In this study, the author collectively examines existing empirical studies to investigate whether their inconsistent results are affected by research characteristics. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes land tenure and agricultural investments in China using MRA. Future research should refine the definition of land tenure, the selection of agricultural investment types, the research method and the method of data collection.

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Zhang, Juan, Qinping Chen, Hongxi Chen, and Zehua Feng. "How Does Farmland Tenure Security Affect Rural Household Income? Empirical Evidence of China’s Survey Data." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 5645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075645.

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A stable farmland tenure can optimize farmers’ allocation of production factors and then determine the income level and structure of farmers. In recent years, the reform of China’s farmland tenure system had been making efforts to strengthen the stability of farmland tenures. Will the farmland tenure security restrict agricultural development? Based on the data of the 2018 China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this paper empirically analyzes the impact of farmland tenure stability on rural household income and its mechanism. The results showed that the stability of land rights increased the per capita total income, wage income and agricultural productive income of farmers significantly. The stability of the farmland tenure significantly increased the income of rural households in plain areas and the income of rural households in villages with highly mechanied; additionally, employment opportunities increased significantly. The mechanism analysis showed that the stability of the farmland tenure had a significant positive effect on the total income of farmers by promoting the division of labor and agricultural investment. On this basis, this paper puts forward measures such as strictly controlling the readjustment of agricultural land, improving the rural labor market and financial market, and guiding nonplain areas to develop tertiary industry according to local conditions.

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7

Zhao, Yongjun. "Individual Land Tenure and the Challenges of Sustainable Land Use and Management in a Semi-arid Region of China." Sustentabilidade em Debate 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v1n2.2010.1683.

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China’s farmland tenure, characterised by a household responsibility system (HRS) and collective landownership, has contributed to the continuation of poverty and natural resource deterioration in semiarid regions. Incongruent with local ecological, social and political conditions, the HRS has been linked to rising social and political tensions. Drawing on ethnographic research in Guyuan County, North China, this paper provides peasants’ experiences of and views on the land issue and examines the linkages between land tenure, poverty and the governance of natural resources—grassland, forest land, farmland and water. It shows that an appropriate land tenure system can only be achieved if the fragmentation and individualization of the HRS are reformed through an innovative institutional design. The paper also contributes to a critical understanding of China’s agrarian reform by articulating the need for land tenure diversity serving the overall goal of sustainable land use and management and shaping sound statepeasant relations.

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Ma, Xianlei, Nico Heerink, Shuyi Feng, and Xiaoping Shi. "Land tenure security and technical efficiency: new insights from a case study in Northwest China." Environment and Development Economics 22, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x1600036x.

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AbstractImproving technical efficiency in agriculture can play an important role in meeting present and future demands for agricultural products, at the same time enhancing the long-term sustainability of land and water use. This paper examines the impact of household perceptions of land tenure security on technical efficiency using detailed household-level data collected in Minle County in northwest China. The authors find that the (perceived) tenure security provided by land certificates encourages part-time farming with relatively low technical efficiency. The renting out of land by households with migrant members can only partly make up for this negative effect, because land rental markets are thin and highly fragmented. Therefore, the provision of land certificates to rural households has a negative impact on technical efficiency. For tenure security provided by the expected absence of land reallocations in the near future, on the other hand, the authors find that it reduces temporary migration and thereby contributes to higher technical efficiency.

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9

Wang, Shunran, Fangping Rao, Xianlei Ma, and Xiaoping Shi. "Farmland Dispute Prevention: The Role of Land Titling, Social Capital and Household Capability." Land 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101742.

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Disputes over farmland constitute an important challenge for tenure security, economic growth and social stability. Land titling is a theoretically promising policy instrument that can enhance tenure security and reduce the occurrence of farmland disputes in the developing world. However, the impact of land titling on the occurrence of disputes has been found to be highly conditional. Empirical evidence on this issue has been surprisingly limited and has often lacked the consideration of a specific context. In this study, whether land titling affects the incidence of farmland disputes in the context of China is investigated, focusing particularly on the interaction between land titling and social capital and household capability. Both the probit and CLL models are applied, using household data entailing a total of 3693 samples located in rural China. The results show that (1) land titling in China reduces the incidence of farmland disputes, and that (2) the analysis based on interaction terms indicates that households who are disadvantaged in social capital and household capability are more likely to experience fewer disputes. Implications for the government and organizations are as follows: (1) the titling programme should seriously consider the current tenure arrangement. Confirmation of current tenure is recommended over the establishment of a new system to avoid possible institutional shopping and overlapping claims; and (2) land titling, if well implemented, is recommended to redress local power asymmetry and to help vulnerable groups defend their property.

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10

Li, Guo, Scott Rozelle, and Loren Brandt. "Tenure, land rights, and farmer investment incentives in China." Agricultural Economics 19, no. 1-2 (September 1998): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1998.tb00515.x.

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11

Mullan, Katrina, Pauline Grosjean, and Andreas Kontoleon. "Land Tenure Arrangements and Rural–Urban Migration in China." World Development 39, no. 1 (January 2011): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.08.009.

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12

Li, G. "Tenure, land rights, and farmer investment incentives in China." Agricultural Economics 19, no. 1-2 (September 1, 1998): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(98)00046-2.

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13

Prosternan, Roy. "Land Tenure, Food Security and Rural Development in China." Development 44, no. 4 (December 2001): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1110297.

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14

Wang, Hui, Jeffrey Riedinger, and Songqing Jin. "Land documents, tenure security and land rental development: Panel evidence from China." China Economic Review 36 (December 2015): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2015.09.005.

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15

Zeng, Siyan, Fengwu Zhu, Fu Chen, Man Yu, Shaoliang Zhang, and Yongjun Yang. "Assessing the Impacts of Land Consolidation on Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Producers: A Survey from Jiangsu Province, China." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072490.

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Since the year 2000, China has implemented large-scale land consolidation, which was used to reduce land fragmentation, enhance grain yield capability, facilitate land tenure transfer, and promote agricultural operational scale. However, the impacts of land consolidation on agricultural technical efficiency of producers in practice is not yet clear. A field survey was executed at two points of time during July 2010 and July 2016. A total of 900 producers were chosen from 30 land consolidation projects at random in the Jiangsu Province. The agricultural technical efficiency caused by land consolidation was calculated by using a stochastic frontier analysis method. The results of a stochastic frontier production function reveal that land tenure transfer, land fragmentation, non-agricultural income, and crop diversity has undergone significant changes after land consolidation. The overall agricultural technical efficiency of producers had also increased considerably and the average technical efficiency was estimated at 0.924 after land consolidation. Land consolidation directly promotes land tenure transfer while indirectly encouraging non-agricultural employment, which could improve agricultural technical efficiency of producers. Non-agricultural income and crop diversity had a significant correlation with agricultural technical efficiency, but land fragmentation after land consolidation does not significantly improve technical efficiency. These conclusions are helpful in understanding the impacts of land consolidation, which enriches the academic literature in related fields and improves the policy of land consolidation in China and other developing countries.

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16

Gessesse, Abrham Tezera, and Ge He. "Land Tenure and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Tea Producers: The Case of Ya’An City, China." E+M Ekonomie a Management 24, no. 2 (June 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2021-2-002.

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70 percent of the world and 80 percent of China’s tea production produced by smallholder farmers. However, the tea production per unit area significantly unchanged in the past decades. Understanding factors affecting the technical efficiency of smallholder tea producers is very important to maximize tea production. Aimed at examining the impact of land tenure security and land certification on smallholder tea producers’ technical efficiency, this paper employs the Cobb- Douglas Stochastic Production Frontier (CD-SPF) and Translog Stochastic Production Frontier (TL- SPF) methods for Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) with cross-sectional data collected from 161 randomly selected tea farm plot households in Ya’an city, China. We found that an 1 mu (0.067 ha) increase in the tea farm size will produce a 1.086 tea yield advantage for smallholder tea farmers. We also found that the values of input-output elasticity of land size, household income and labor decrease in turn with 0.144, 0.105 and 0.010 respectively. The results show that farm size is a more crucial input for tea production than income and labor. Moreover, we identify the determinations which enhance the technical efficiency of smallholder tea producers such as land certification, land tenure security age, education, farming experience, total farm size holding, chemical fertilizer, plot steepness and plot distance from home and find that the elimination of land tenure insecurity through land registration and certification makes a clear difference in that. We therefore recommend that tea farmland need to expand and enlarge for better production through comprehensive land consolidation program. We also suggest endorsing the land certificates of all land holders as this will help improve land tenure security, enhance technical efficiency and promote the tea production of smallholder producers.

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17

Zhou, Chao, Yunjuan Liang, and Anthony Fuller. "Tracing Agricultural Land Transfer in China: Some Legal and Policy Issues." Land 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010058.

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This paper traces the evolution of land tenure changes in contemporary China since 1949. The transfer of land from peasant households to family farms and commercial sized units is on a vast scale and forms one of the greatest land reforms we have ever seen. The agrarian question forms both the policy and academic context in which this legislative account of land transfer is assessed and raises the question of whether land assembly in China resembles previous agricultural transformation policy and processes in industrialized countries or to what extent it has special characteristics of its own. The security of land holding in rural China, established with the household responsibility system, is seen to mature slowly over three to four periods of adjustment, always protecting the rights of peasants while improving conditions for increasing land productivity, resulting in an extension of the two rights of peasant holdings to three rights in the new millennium. The introduction of a third right, a land management right which is transferable from peasants to outsiders, has enabled a huge land assembly movement affecting millions of small holdings. This process of land tenure restructuring raises such questions as the consequences of the capitalization of agriculture, peasant land dispossession, proletarianization, and the prospect of a future land market in rural China, all topics for further research.

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Zhou, Chao, Yunjuan Liang, and Anthony Fuller. "Tracing Agricultural Land Transfer in China: Some Legal and Policy Issues." Land 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010058.

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This paper traces the evolution of land tenure changes in contemporary China since 1949. The transfer of land from peasant households to family farms and commercial sized units is on a vast scale and forms one of the greatest land reforms we have ever seen. The agrarian question forms both the policy and academic context in which this legislative account of land transfer is assessed and raises the question of whether land assembly in China resembles previous agricultural transformation policy and processes in industrialized countries or to what extent it has special characteristics of its own. The security of land holding in rural China, established with the household responsibility system, is seen to mature slowly over three to four periods of adjustment, always protecting the rights of peasants while improving conditions for increasing land productivity, resulting in an extension of the two rights of peasant holdings to three rights in the new millennium. The introduction of a third right, a land management right which is transferable from peasants to outsiders, has enabled a huge land assembly movement affecting millions of small holdings. This process of land tenure restructuring raises such questions as the consequences of the capitalization of agriculture, peasant land dispossession, proletarianization, and the prospect of a future land market in rural China, all topics for further research.

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19

Mao, Hui, Yujia Chai, and Shaojian Chen. "Land Tenure and Green Production Behavior: Empirical Analysis Based on Fertilizer Use by Cotton Farmers in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094677.

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Stable land rights can increase farmers’ expectations regarding the future and encourage their adoption of green production methods, which is an important guarantee for promoting the development of green agriculture development. This paper takes the fertilizer use as an example and systematically investigated the impact of land tenure stability on the green production behavior of heterogeneous farmers based on a field survey data of 349 cotton-planting farmers from Xinjiang, China. Furthermore, this research aims to assess the differential impact of land tenure stability on different risk preferences, organizational forms and ethnic groups. This study is a continuation of previous studies on factors influencing green production behavior. The results show that land transfers have an inhibiting effect on farmers’ green production behavior and this effect is more significant among risk-averse farmers, local farmers and minority nationalities farmers. The land tenure period can promote the green production of farmers and alleviate the restraining effect of land transfers on farmers’ green production behavior. Additionally, farmers of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) and large-scale households are more inclined to green production. The Chinese Government needs to further promote land transfer to large-scale households, improve the stability of land rights and adopt differentiated policies for heterogeneous farmers to encourage their green production.

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Yang, Yang, Hua Li, Long Cheng, and Youliang Ning. "Effect of Land Property Rights on Forest Resources in Southern China." Land 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040392.

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The land tenure reform is important for forest resource management worldwide. Since China initiated a new round of collective forestland tenure reform (CFTR) in 2003, improving forest output by clarifying property rights plays a crucial role in realizing sustainable forest resource management. Using survey data of 312 bamboo plantation households from Southern China, this paper empirically examines the impact path of land property rights on forest resources. The estimation results show that both the forestland use right and disposal right are able to significantly improve the forest output by encouraging households to invest and optimizing the allocation of forestry labor. Particularly, the results reveal that the use right has a positive impact on forest output through forestland investment. With regard to the disposal right, we find that it has a positive effect on forest output through forestland investment, but it has a negative impact on forest output through the forestry labor allocation. The findings of this study suggest that to promote the growth of forest resources, the government should endow households with a more complete set of rights, and further strengthen their understanding of property rights. In addition, our findings enhance the understanding of the collective forestland tenure reform in China; they also have implications for the decentralized management of forestry elsewhere in the world.

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Liu, Ran, and Yuhang Jia. "Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China." Land 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121284.

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Recent policies in China have encouraged rural-urban circular migration and an “amphibious” and flexible status of settlement, reacting against the recent risks of economic fluctuation in cities. Rural land, as a form of insurance and welfare, can handle random hazards, and the new Land Management Law guarantees that rural migrants who settle in the city can maintain their rights to farmland, homesteads, and a collective income distribution. Existing studies have pointed out that homeland tenure can reduce migrants’ urban settlement intentions (which is a self-reported subjective perception of city life). However, little is known about how the rural-urban circularity and rural tenure system (especially for those still holding hometown lands in the countryside) affect rural migrants’ temporary urban settlements (especially for those preferring to stay in informal communities in the host city). The existing studies on the urban villages in China have focused only on the side of the receiving cities, but have rarely mentioned the other side of this process, focusing on migrants’ rural land tenure issues in their hometowns. This study discusses the rationale of informality (the urban village) and attests to whether, and to what extent, rural migrants’ retention of their hometown lands can affect their tenure security choices (urban village or not) in Chinese metropolises such as Beijing. Binary logistic regression was conducted and the data analysis proved that rural migrants who kept their hometown lands, compared to their land-loss counterparts, were more likely to live in a Beijing urban village. This displays the resilience and circularity of rural-urban migration in China, wherein the rural migrant households demonstrate the “micro-family economy”, maintaining tenure security in their hometown and avoiding the dissipation of their family income in their destination. The Discussion and Conclusions sections of this paper refer to some policy implications related to maintaining the rural-urban dual system, protecting rural migrant land rights, and beefing up the “opportunity structure” (including maintaining the low-rent areas in metropolises such as Beijing) in the 14th Five Year Plan period.

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22

Bossen, Laurel. "Changing Land Tenure System in China: Common Problem, Uncommon Solution." Sociological Bulletin 40, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022919910103.

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23

Ma, Xianlei, Nico Heerink, Ekko van Ierland, and Xiaoping Shi. "Land tenure insecurity and rural-urban migration in rural China." Papers in Regional Science 95, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 383–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12129.

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Liu, Min, Liesbeth Dries, Wim Heijman, Xueqin Zhu, Xiangzheng Deng, and Jikun Huang. "Land tenure reform and grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia, China." China Economic Review 55 (June 2019): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.04.006.

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Cheng, Jing, and Xiaowei Luo. "Analyzing the Land Leasing Behavior of the Government of Beijing, China, via the Multinomial Logit Model." Land 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030376.

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In this paper, the government behavior of leasing different land use rights in Beijing, China, is analyzed using data analysis based on the multinomial logit model. The factors that lead the government to lease different land use rights are considered from the aspects of the land features, geographical location of the land, district economic development, government finance and political tenure of the district head, etc. Considering the factors as the variables, the multinomial logit model is presented to analyze the factors that affect the district government behavior on leasing different land use rights. The data of the variables are obtained in Beijing at the district level from 2004 to 2015. From the results, we can see that the area and price of the land, gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, distance of the land from airport, distance of the land from city center, distance of the land from the nearest industrial park, government fiscal deficit and tenure of the district head all influence the district government behavior on leasing land. Finally, the policy implications are proposed. The results and implications can be referenced by other metropolises in China and other developing countries with public ownership of land.

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Brandt, Loren, Susan H. Whiting, Linxiu Zhang, and Tonglong Zhang. "Changing Property-Rights Regimes: A Study of Rural Land Tenure in China." China Quarterly 232 (June 29, 2017): 1026–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017001035.

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AbstractThrough two rounds of land contracting, rural households have been allocated a bundle of rights in land. We observe significant differences across villages in the amount of land to which villagers retain a claim and the institutional mechanisms governing the exchange of land rights. This study reveals the perpetuation and expansion of non-market mechanisms accruing to the benefit of village cadres and state officials and only limited emergence of market mechanisms in which households are primary beneficiaries. It identifies factors in economic, political and legal domains that incentivize and enable state officials and local cadres to capture returns from use of land. Relatedly, the study finds differences in conflict over property-rights regimes. Drawing on a pilot survey carried out by the authors in November of 2011 in Shaanxi and Jiangsu provinces (192 households in 24 villages), this paper seeks to explain heterogeneity and change in property-rights regimes over time and across space.

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Zhang, Juan, and Qin Chen. "The Impact of Farmland Tenure Security on China’s Agricultural Production Efficiency: A Perspective of Agricultural Production Factors." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316266.

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Improving agricultural production efficiency is an effective means to ensure food security and promote agricultural sustainable development in China. Stable agricultural land property rights help optimize the allocation of production factors and improve production efficiency, and it is of great practical significance to study the influence of farmland tenure security on agricultural production efficiency. Therefore, this research utilizes the 2018 data of the China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS) to analyze the influence of farmland tenure security on agricultural production efficiency and its internal transmission mechanism under the background of agricultural land ownership confirmation. The results show that the enhancement of farmland tenure security not only directly improves agricultural production efficiency, but also indirectly affects agricultural production efficiency through the intermediary variable of agricultural investment. Moreover, it also shows that farmland tenure security has heterogeneity effects on different farmer regions and production modes and can significantly improve the production efficiency of farmers in plain and hilly areas who adopt fully mechanized and partially mechanized farming. We suggest that policymakers should also deepen the reform of the rural factor market, develop diversified rural financial institutions, actively promote the involvement of small farmers in the public sector economy, and improve the service level of agricultural machinery in order to guide the development of the tertiary industry in non-plain areas and to reduce the land endowment effect of farmers.

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Xu, Hengzhou, Yihang Zhao, Ronghui Tan, and Hongchun Yin. "Does the policy of rural land rights confirmation promote the transfer of farmland in China?" Acta Oeconomica 67, no. 4 (December 2017): 643–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2017.67.4.7.

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Land tenure security and land transfer markets are once again a topmost priority in the policy development agenda because of their expected outcomes in terms of equity and efficiency in the rural sector of China. The policy of rural land rights confirmation has been implemented since 2010 to enhance land tenure security and the transferability of farmland. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the effect of rural land rights confirmation on farmland transfer. Therefore, we use household-level survey data from 48 villages across Tianjin City and Shandong Province to explore whether rural land rights confirmation promotes the transfer of farmlands. Our empirical results show that rural land rights confirmation has significant and positive effects on the likelihood and amount of transfer-out land at the 5% significance level, but the effect on transfer-in farmland is insignificant. The results of the study have several policy implications. For instance, the agricultural comparative advantage should be improved through various agricultural subsidy policies. Moreover, the intermediary service network for farmland transfer should be established, and strengthening the non-farm employment skills and improving the non-agricultural employment market are necessary for the rural labour force.

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Hu, Xiangming, and Qi Dong. "Rural Land Policy of China: Investigation and Speculation." Chinese Public Administration Review 2, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1.2.38.

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The transformation of land policy, or land system reform, has been the key issue in rural economic reform in China. Based on a practical investigation, this essay proposes to analyze the system orientation and performance diversities of the types of land-use systems under the new rural policies in China: the household responsibility contract system (with remuneration linked to output), the two-fieid system, the operation of scale management, the auction of the Four Sorts of Wasted Land tenure, and the cooperative shareholding system. The essay brings forward specifically the two points of policy design in the current land policy in China: (a) building up fanners’ expected briefs in land use and (b) appropriate collocation of land resources. which are significant in advancing the reform of the land property rights system and cultivating the land property rights market.

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Hu, Xiangming. "Rural land policy of China: Invesitigation and speculation." Chinese Public Administration Review 2, no. 1/2 (November 1, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1/2.38.

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The transformation of land policy, or land system reform, has been the key issue in rural economic reform in China. Based on a practical investigation, this essay proposes to analyze the system orientation and performance diversities of the types of land-use systems under the new rural policies in China: the household responsibility contract system (with remuneration linked to output), the two-field system, the operation of scale management, the auction of the Four Sorts of Wasted Land tenure, and the cooperative shareholding system. The essay brings forward specifically the two points of policy design in the current land policy in China: (a) building up farmers' expected briefs in land use and (b) appropriate collocation of land resources. which are significant in advancing the reform of the land property rights system and cultivatin the land property rights market.

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Hsing, You-tien. "Land and Territorial Politics in Urban China." China Quarterly 187 (September 2006): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000385.

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In this article I examine the politics of urban land development in large Chinese municipalities in the 1990s and 2000s. I find that under the state land tenure and socialist legacy, China's urban land lease markets have evolved around two sets of state players: municipal governments and socialist land masters. In their competition for urban land control, municipal leaders' success depends on their political capacity to deal with socialist land masters from above, their organizational capacity to discipline the fragmented sub-municipal units from within to achieve accumulation, and their moral capacity as social protectors and market regulators to maintain legitimacy. In this process, municipal leaders face the challenges and opportunities to define and defend the boundaries of their territorial power, which is not predetermined by the grand scheme of decentralization policies.

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32

Ghimire, Subash. "Land tenure in hydropower development: A review." Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 2 (January 3, 2013): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i2.7332.

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Land tenure issues such as tenure forms and its allocation and land acquisition procedure are not extensively considered in hydropower development. As a result hydropower projects are not sustainable. The main aim of the study is to find the role of land tenure in hydropower development. Desk study is carried out and is followed by the scientific literature review. The study reveals that the concession with broader negotiations and agreements is carried out for interfering the land rights for the construction of hydropower project in Norway because of which the Aurland hydropower project got successful. The capability and economical willingness to include land and environmental issues from the start of the project to operation stage made the development successful while concession is practiced in China without broader negotiations and public participation as in Nu river project. Therefore, a Chinese hydropower concession is controversial. Many of the proposed dam is situated in UNESCO world heritage site and in the conservation area. Nu river project affects number of distinct ethnic groups who maintain their religious and cultural tradition. Resettlement is not possible on this ethnic group because of integration into population of various customs, languages and agricultural tradition. In case of Nepal in general, concessions is not practiced during hydropower development. Transparency in information dissemination, decision making, involvement of key stakeholders on key issues and time bound solution can hardly be found during hydropower development. Mostly, land is expropriated for the development of the hydropower project. The study finds that Land tenure has very important role in hydropower development. Therefore, it should be extensively considered for sustainable development of the hydropower projects. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 8, No. II, December, 2012, 101-108 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i2.7332

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33

Song, Min. "The Farming System under the Rural Land Tenure System of China." Journal of Rural Problems 40, no. 1 (2004): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.40.2.

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34

Qin, Ping, and Jintao Xu. "Forest land rights, tenure types, and farmers' investment incentives in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561371311294829.

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35

Zhao, Ya, Lennon H. T. Choy, and Kwong Wing Chau. "Political Circles and Land Supply for the Service and Industrial Sectors: Evidence from 284 Cities in China." Land 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030573.

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This study examines how political career incentives drive city leaders to strategically lease land to the service and industrial sectors within their terms of office and trigger political circles in land supply. Drawing on a comprehensive panel dataset covering 284 cities in China from 2006 to 2020, the results of panel regressions reveal a U-shaped correlation between mayors’ tenure in office and the quantity and proportion of land leased to the service sector for the 2006–2013 period, when economic growth was the overwhelming indicator of political performance. Newly appointed mayors are more motivated to stimulate long-term economic growth and supply more land to the industrial sector. As their tenure in office increases, mayors become less concerned with maximizing long-term economic growth and opt to lease more land to the service sector for immediate one-off proceeds. However, the U-shaped relationship has disappeared since 2013, when the cadre evaluation system was amended to prohibit using GDP growth as the primary criterion for evaluating local officials’ performance.

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36

Hu, Wei. "Household land tenure reform in China: Its impact on farming land use and agro-environment." Land Use Policy 14, no. 3 (July 1997): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8377(97)00010-0.

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37

Ren, Guangcheng, Xueqin Zhu, Nico Heerink, Shuyi Feng, and Ekko van Ierland. "Perceptions of Land Tenure Security in Rural China: The Impact of Land Reallocations and Certification." Society & Natural Resources 32, no. 12 (February 8, 2019): 1399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2018.1559382.

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38

Karrar, Hasan H. "The Politics of Land and Belonging in North Pakistan." Current History 123, no. 852 (April 1, 2024): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2024.123.852.141.

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Pakistan’s mountainous north borders China. Deepening bilateral ties, together with increasing investments from within Pakistan, have amplified local anxiety over loss of control over resources. A complicated history left the area with multiple land tenure systems. Much of this region, today known as Gilgit-Baltistan, is disputed with India. Consequently, it has a constitutionally liminal status and its people do not enjoy equal citizenship rights. With the construction of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, a major part of the global Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese influence has been entangled in local histories and political economies.

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39

Wang, Ziyu, Qiran Zhao, and Yueqing Ji. "The Impact of Off-Farm Employment Recession and Land on Farmers’ Mental Health: Empirical Evidence from Rural China." Land 13, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13060837.

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The agricultural land management under the household responsibility system (HRS) in rural China empowers farmers with land tenure rights, meeting the basic needs for their livelihoods and employment by cultivating the land. This paper investigates the pivotal role of agricultural cultivated land as a social safety net, ensuring livelihood security for farmers confronting a recession in off-farm employment. Our analysis is based on data collected from six provinces (Heilongjiang, Henan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Shandong, and Anhui) in the rural areas of China from 2019 to 2020. We investigated the impact of the off-farm employment recession on the mental health of farmers and the moderating effect of land as a social safety net on the relationship between the off-farm employment recession and mental health. The analysis points to the following results: (1) The majority of farmers have significantly reduced off-farm working time during employment recession. (2) The off-farm employment recession has worsened farmers’ mental health. (3) Farmers’ land assets through tenure rights provide both income and employment security functions, which can mitigate the adverse effects of the off-farm employment recession on their mental health. The findings of this study highlight the crucial role of land assets to reduce the negative impact of unemployment in the context of economic recession, emphasizing the significance of the policies supporting the land rights among vulnerable rural groups.

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Zinda, John, and Zhiming Zhang. "Land Tenure Legacies, Household Life Cycles, and Livelihood Strategies in Upland China." Rural Sociology 83, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12164.

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41

Li, L. H., K. G. McKinnell, and A. Walker. "Convergence of the land tenure systems of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan?" Journal of Property Research 17, no. 4 (January 2000): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09599910010001439.

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42

Rao, Fangping, Max Spoor, Xianlei Ma, and Xiaoping Shi. "Land tenure (in)security and crop-tree intercropping in rural Xinjiang, China." Land Use Policy 50 (January 2016): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.001.

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43

Krusekopf, Charles C. "Diversity in land-tenure arrangements under the household responsibility system in China." China Economic Review 13, no. 2-3 (January 2002): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-951x(02)00071-8.

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44

Zhao, Xiaoxue. "Land and labor allocation under communal tenure: Theory and evidence from China." Journal of Development Economics 147 (November 2020): 102526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102526.

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45

Rao, Fangping, Max Spoor, Xianlei Ma, and Xiaoping Shi. "Perceived land tenure security in rural Xinjiang, China: The role of official land documents and trust." China Economic Review 60 (April 2020): 101038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.03.009.

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46

CAO, Yu, Jie Zou, Xiaoqian Fang, Jiayi Wang, Yu Cao, and Guoyu Li. "Effect of land tenure fragmentation on the decision-making and scale of agricultural land transfer in China." Land Use Policy 99 (December 2020): 104996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104996.

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Lin, Ying, Mei Qu, Can Liu, and Shunbo Yao. "Land tenure, logging rights, and tree planting: Empirical evidence from smallholders in China." China Economic Review 60 (April 2020): 101215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.08.011.

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48

Huang, Zhonghua, and Xuejun Du. "Farmers’ attitudes toward land titling and its potential effects on rural development in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2015-0130.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate farmers’ attitudes and behavior toward land titling and to study its potential effects on rural development. Design/methodology/approach Using household survey data collected from five provinces of China in 2010, this paper assesses farmer’s attitudes toward land titling and examines the potential effects of land titling on rural land transferring and labor migration. Findings Rural residential land titling has significant effects on farmers’ attitudes toward land transferring and their migration intention. Farmers who have more non-agricultural development opportunities are more likely to welcome land titling. The titling of rural residential land could provide secure property rights for farmers, and thus stimulate them to trade, mortgage their rural residential property, and migrate to urban areas. Research limitations/implications Land titling in rural China will probably affect rural land transferring and encourage rural labor migrate to urban, and thus promote rural development. Originality/value This paper investigates farmers’ attitudes and behavior toward land titling, and examines its potential effects on rural land transferring and labor migration, based on national survey data. This paper sheds new lights on farmers’ demand for types of land tenure reforms and how these reforms would affect the perceived opportunities available for farmers.

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Shepherd, John R. "Rethinking Tenancy: Explaining Spatial and Temporal Variation in Late Imperial and Republican China." Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 3 (July 1988): 403–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015310.

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Studies of the role of land tenure in the economic and social history of China are flawed by the unexamined assumption that the sale of land by impoverished farmers was the only process that generated high rates of tenancy and concentration of ownership of land. Debt-sales are assumed to occur as part of a cycle of immiserization in which a peasant population outgrows its landed resources and owner-farmers are forced to sell their lands and become the tenants or hired laborers of wealthy landlords. This essay demonstrates the improbability of such a scenario and establishes its opposite: that rates of tenancy and concentration of landownership rise, not in periods of economic decline but in periods of prosperity, and not through debt-sales but through the alternate processes of reclamation, migration, and changes in the mode of landlord farm management.

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50

Xu, Zhongguo, Yuefei Zhuo, Guan Li, Rohan Mark Bennett, Rong Liao, Cifang Wu, and Yuzhe Wu. "An LADM–based model to facilitate land tenure reform of rural homesteads in China." Land Use Policy 120 (September 2022): 106271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106271.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Land tenure – China'

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