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1
Mukuka, Dominic Mulenga. "The Impact of Land Act of 1995 on Customary, State and Church Lands." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 3, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v3i1.26.
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The article sets out to examine the concept of customary or traditional land within the context of Zambia’s dual land system that is categorized as: customary/traditional land. In turn, the traditional land is controlled, allocated, and regulated through the Chiefs. Then there is formal land that is owned and controlled by the State through the Commissioner of Lands who works in consultation with the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, in conjunction with the Ministry of Local Government and its District Councils. The article will thus examine the history of dual land system in Zambia; and will further evaluate the Land Act of 1995, whose purpose was to propose a wave of new land system reforms. The latter was intended to establish a more efficient system of land tenure conversion in Zambia. The article also examines the administration of conversion process of traditional/customary and State land. The article sets out on the premise that without effective tenure conversion policies in administering land, sustainable development in both traditional or customary and State areas will be hampered. To this effect, the issue of boundaries in customary or traditional communities will be discussed as a way of building territorial integrity and land management in customary land, through cadastral surveys that is apparent with the rise in population and demand for market-based activities in rural areas. The article will argue that without clearly defined systems of administration and demarcation of boundaries, between customary/traditional and State/formal lands in Zambia, this process will be prone to more land conflicts hindering socio-economic progress. Hence, the aim of the article is to investigate how the United Church of Zambia’s land has been administered and managed, considering the fact that most of its land is based both in customary/traditional areas that are controlled by the Chiefs and formal or State lands that are largely controlled by the government institutions. The methodology that will be used in or der to examine how the United Church of Zambia manages and administer its land will be qualitative methodology. The article will conclude that there is need for the United Church of Zambia to develop a land management policy that will assist the Church to manage and administer its lands that is both located in the traditional and government areas. Above all, the Church needs to ensure that leasehold conversion that is both customary and traditional authorities through the local Chiefs and the government through its Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, Commissioner of Lands, together with the Ministry of Local Government are legitimately acquired.
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Middelberg, Susanna L., Pieter van der Zwan, and Cobus Oberholster. "Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0079.
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AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.
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James, Deborah. "Tenure reformed." Focaal 2011, no. 61 (December 1, 2011): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2011.610102.
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This article explores the contradictory and contested but closely inter- locking efforts of NGOs and the state in planning for land reform in South Africa. As government policy has come increasingly to favor the better-off who are potential commercial farmers, so NGO efforts have been directed, correspondingly, to safeguarding the interests of those conceptualized as poor and dispossessed. The article explores the claim that planned “tenure reform” is the best way to provide secure land rights, especially for laborers residing on white farms; illustrates the complex disputes over this claim arising between state and NGO sectors; and argues that we need to go beyond the concept of “neoliberal governmentality” to understand the relationship between these sectors.
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Rakodi, C. "Urban Land Policy in Zimbabwe." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28, no. 9 (September 1996): 1553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a281553.
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Related to the functions of the central state and local state, a range of interventions in the urban land-development process may be pursued. Typically, policies and practices related to land are devised at different times for different purposes and are administered by different agencies. Rarely are the relationships between them, their implementation, and their overall impact considered systematically, especially for developing countries. In this paper I evaluate urban land policy in Zimbabwe. I consider tenure, land-use planning and development control, taxation, and direct public sector intervention in the land market. Particular attention is given to the local administrative context and to the relationship between central and local government as portrayed in the paths of land delivery for private developers, municipalities, and central government. The overall conclusion is that Zimbabwe's urban land administration system works effectively. However, it is formal and complex, which is restricting its ability to play an appropriate role in catering for rapid urban growth and the needs of low-income residents.
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Hecht, Robert M. "Immigration, land transfer and tenure changes in Divo, Ivory Coast, 1940–80." Africa 55, no. 3 (July 1985): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160583.
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Opening ParagraphThe relationship between land tenure forms and the twentieth-century transformation of agriculture throughout much of Africa from a strong subsistence to a market orientation – and from food crop production to predominantly export crop production – is a topic of great importance both to Africanists and to policy-makers. From a scholarly perspective, contemporary Africa presents an unusual opportunity to study dramatic changes in land use and especially in land tenure, similar to changes which took place in other parts of the world as commercial farming developed. From a policy-maker's point of view, too, the current shift in land tenure has major implications for possible government measures affecting security of tenure and land distribution – and, in turn, patterns of agricultural investment, productivity and output.
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Tramel, Salena. "The Tenure Guidelines in Policy and Practice: Democratizing Land Control in Guatemala." Land 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8110168.
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This paper explores the challenges for democratizing land and natural resource control in Guatemala through use of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries, and Forests (Tenure Guidelines). This international human rights instrument comes at a critical moment, in which the current global land rush has shaped contemporary agrarian transformation with serious implications for the right to food and control of natural resources. The Tenure Guidelines provide us with a unique opportunity to put land and natural resource tenure squarely under the prescriptions of international human rights law, rather than allowing tenure to be subsumed by a narrow understanding of property rights based on civil and merchant law. In Guatemala, we are witnessing a political opening, where the government has incorporated the language of the Tenure Guidelines into its regulatory framework unlike any other country in Latin America. At the same time, the world watches on while a slow-motion coup engulfs the Central American country, reflecting a global trend of gutting democracies and coopting the language and legislation meant to protect them. Thus, the implementation of the Tenure Guidelines is strongly contested by state and corporate actors seeking to use the instrument in order to gain political legitimacy for the expansion of agribusiness like oil palm and sugarcane, and other forms of extractive industry. This paper’s findings indicate that when applied together with a rights-based approach, the Tenure Guidelines are a powerful social and political tool. Such is especially true of the most marginalized populations who require protection and respect for their existing tenure rights, promotion of reforms for better access to and control over land and resources, and restoration of tenure rights resulting from displacement or dispossession.
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Kashwan, Prakash. "Forest Policy, Institutions, and REDD+ in India, Tanzania, and Mexico." Global Environmental Politics 15, no. 3 (August 2015): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00313.
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This article investigates forest policies and institutions surrounding REDD+ in three heavily forested countries: India, Tanzania, and Mexico. The comparative analysis leads to three key insights. First, each of the case study countries has multiple land tenure statutes that result in different distributions of the costs and benefits of forest protection for key stakeholders. Second, land tenure regimes that offer local communities the most secure forest rights are not necessarily those associated with benefit-sharing mechanisms outlined in national REDD+ policy proposals. Third, a credible commitment by government to share REDD+ benefits with forest-dependent people is contingent on the interests of key actors involved in the policy process. Political and administrative structures that limit the power and authority of forest government bodies lead to more responsive and accountable policy outcomes.
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Lupale, Mubanga, and Godfrey Hampwaye. "Inclusiveness of Urban Land Administration in the City of Lusaka, Zambia." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 46, no. 46 (December 20, 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0034.
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AbstractMany cities in developing countries are experiencing urbanization characterised by the continu-ous proliferation of informal settlements. In the City of Lusaka over 70 percent of residents live in informal settlements. The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of how inclusive land administration is in the City of Lusaka using the perspective of good governance principles. The sample comprised 10 key informants purposively selected from government institutions/ civil society organisations and 60 respondents conveniently drawn from informal settlements. The findings were analysed thematically and using descriptive statistics. The findings show that there is need to create policies and legislation that assists in developing viable, liveable and inclusive townships. Most indicators of the five good governance principles recorded negative responses of at least 60 per cent. Formal urban land development arrangements in the city have not been able to cope with the demands of the majority of urban residents. The study suggests that land and housing policies be revised to serve a broader purpose beyond the provision of shelter in order to suit the dynamic and contemporary needs of specific societies. Further re-search is needed on tenure responsive land use planning in order to understand existing commu-nity dynamics (economic and social support networks) and implement practical changes for tackling informality if Zambian cities and communities are to be sustainable and resilient.
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Mackenzie, Fiona. "Land and territory: the interface between two systems of land tenure, Murang'a District, Kenya." Africa 59, no. 1 (January 1989): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160765.
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Introduction: ‘Land Reform’ and Rural SecurityThe objective of this paper is to examine the nature of the interface between two systems of land tenure in an area of smallholdings, Murang'a District, Central Province, Kenya. The first, the ng'undu system, evolved in the fertile, dissected plateau area east of the Nyandarua Range since the Kikuyu migrated there in the early seventeenth century (Muriuki, 1974: 62–82; Government of Kenya, 1929: 6); the second, a freehold system of individual land tenure, was introduced by the colonial state in the mid-1950s as a political instrument to counter the force of Mau Mau (Lamb, 1974; Leys, 1975). The latter system, it was intended, would replace the former, thereby laying the basis for an intensification of African agriculture which was also, under the Swynnerton Plan, to include production for the urban and export markets (Heyer, 1981; House and Killick, 1983). Commitment to this same principle continues to inform present agricultural policy (Government of Kenya, 1984a, Kenya Development Plan 1984–1988, p. 187; 1986,: 88).
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Xu, Jiabo, and Xingping Wang. "Reversing Uncontrolled and Unprofitable Urban Expansion in Africa through Special Economic Zones: An Evaluation of Ethiopian and Zambian Cases." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 9246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219246.
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Despite the growing attention on uncontrolled and unprofitable urban sprawling in many African countries, few pragmatic solutions have been raised or effectively implemented. While uncontrolled and unprofitable urban expansions happened primarily due to poor land use management and dysfunctional land market, the cost of land management enforcement and reform is high. This paper suggests that the recently re-emerging special economic zones (SEZs) in Africa could be a practical way of using government intervention to reduce uncontrolled urban expansion and optimize urban land use. By evaluating the spatial impacts of two SEZs on their host cities in Ethiopia and Zambia, this paper demonstrates that SEZs could notably change urban expansion in terms of its speed, direction, and spatial structure. By using SEZs as an experimental area for land policy reform, the government can also effectively unlock a profitable urban development model with the functional primary and secondary land market. However, the diverging results in Ethiopia and Zambia also show that the optimizing effect can be significant only when the government is participatory and can fulfil its public function, including delivering proper planning in advance, lunching land policy reform, and even executing compulsory land acquisition for public interests.
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Nepal, Harisharan, and Anil Marasini. "Status of Land Tenure Security in Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 17, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v17i1.23005.
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Land is a fundamental natural resource for living, an economic asset for production, legal entity with multiple rights over it and above all, a societal factor for self-actualization. So, ownership of land has multi-faceted understanding around the world. For the developing country like Nepal having diverse societal arrangements, land tenure system plays important role in economic, social and political structure. As Nepal is in the process of implementing federalization, assessment of land tenure security shall be one of the instruments for developing new land related policies and assessing the effect of new policies afterward. The objective of this paper is to perform SWOT analysis on the status of land tenure security in Nepal by reviewing the history of the tenure system and current tenure system, studying country reports and research papers and analyzing policies and institutions. The study shows that despite some initiatives by government, NGOs, bilateral agencies and media to improve land tenure security, land tenure insecurity prevails in all areas of the country even in registered lands. It is found that stable rganization, registration of most of the built-up and cultivated land, advocacy to protect the right of landless has strengthened the land tenure security. However, the tenure rights of socially and economically disadvantaged people and displaced people from disasters have not been properly addressed and those people are at high risk of eviction from the place they are living. The study recommends that land tenure insecurity arising from political, legislative and organizational behavior should be managed by appropriate interventions and policy reforms. As most of the analyses of land tenure security in Nepal have been performed in a descriptive way, this study explicitly investigates the issue through SWOT analysis.
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VYZDRYK, Vitalii, and Oleksandra MELNYK. "AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE WEST UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 32 (2019): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-211-221.
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The article covers the preconditions and features of the agrarian reform in Western Ukraine. The land question is characterized since it demanded quick actions of the government in the legislative field because of the war with Poland. In the article, the regulatory framework is investigated, which regulated the powers of the authority and administration in the agricultural sphere. Legislative resolution of the land issue for farmers would help to rebuild the destroyed farms, which would be extremely important for the future state. The purpose of the study is to justify the preconditions for land reform, its significance for the Galician peasantry, and the adoption of a legislative framework. The agrarian reform was in charge of the State Secretariat of Land Affairs, and its responsibilities included the preparation and control of land tenure reform. He was subordinated to the district referendums at the state county commissariats, who gradually grew into the land division. The methodological basis for scientific research is the principles of scientific cognition, historicism, and objectivity; both general scientific and special methods of cognition were used to study the main methodological principles and aspects of this theme. It is shown the content of the agrarian reform and its ethnopolitical direction, highlighted the role of the land management system in the economic development of the village, considered the policy of the leading Ukrainian parties concerning the agrarian question. Keywords West Ukrainian People’s Republic, agrarian reform, Ukrainian National Council, agricultural legislation.
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Setiawan, Tomi. "DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE TO POLICY: STUDY ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S RECOGNITION OF LAND RIGHTS DISCOURSE IN PUBLIC POLICY." Jurnal Wacana Kinerja: Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik 24, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v24i1.669.
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One of the major themes in contemporary public policy studies is to making public policy based on or based on science by relying on various research results. Knowledgee is continually being discourses through a set of studies until finally it can be used as a basis for making good public policy. This paper aims to analyze the land tenure struggle within the public policy in the context of developing knowledge for policy after New Order Era. Conceptually the tenure discourse is understood as a recognition by the state over the rights of indigenous people land that essentially becomes a reflection of the willingness the state power bearers to recognize the existence of autonomous indigenous peoples. The method used in this paper is qualitative method, with research technique of literature study and document analysis, and also participatory observation. In conclusion, the agenda to recognize community rights over land and other natural resources should be formulated with new provisions and / or use of the old provisions, which maintain harmony between people who are de facto entitled to land and natural resources, with government authorities on the basis of the political conception of the state property rights, contained in the law on land and natural resources.
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Gedefaw, Abebaw Andarge, Clement Atzberger, Walter Seher, Sayeh Kassaw Agegnehu, and Reinfried Mansberger. "Effects of Land Certification for Rural Farm Households in Ethiopia: Evidence from Gozamin District, Ethiopia." Land 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110421.
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Economic theory notes tenure security is a critical factor in agricultural investment and productivity. Therefore, several African countries’ development initiatives enabled land titling to enhance tenure security. This paper examines the effect of land certification on tenure security, land investment, crop productivity and land dispute in Gozamin District, Ethiopia. In addition, the impact of land certification on farm households’ perceptions and confidence in land tenure and land use rights is investigated. Face-to-face interviews with 343 randomly selected farm households, group discussions and expert panels are the sources of primary data. Quantitative data are analyzed using various statistical tools and complemented by qualitative data. According to the results, most farm households (56%) feel that their land use rights are secure after the certification process. Only 17% fear that the government at any time could take their land use rights. The majority of farm households (71.7%) identified a reduction of disputes after certification and land management practices improved from 70.3% before certification to 90.1% after certification. As key factors for the increase of terracing and the application of manure, the study determined total farm size, the average distance from farm to homestead, perception of degradation, access to credit, training to land resource management, fear about land take-over by the government and total livestock holdings. Crop productivity improved significantly after land certification. The results should encourage policy makers to minimize the sources of insecurity, such as frustrations of future land redistribution and land taking without proper land compensation. Land certification is the right tool for creating tenure security, enhancing farmers’ confidence in their land rights and—supported by a proper land use planning system—improving land-related investments and crop productivity.
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Nkomoki, William, Miroslava Bavorová, and Jan Banout. "Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and food security threats: Effects of land tenure in Zambia." Land Use Policy 78 (November 2018): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.07.021.
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Gebremichael, Brightman. "Public Purpose as a Justification for Expropriation of Rural Land Rights in Ethiopia." Journal of African Law 60, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 190–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855315000285.
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AbstractExpropriation of private land rights involves two contradictory interests: there is a public need for land; and landholders expect security of tenure and protection of their private property rights. A satisfactory expropriation policy must strike a balance between these interests. Legislation must therefore only authorize the government to expropriate land rights for a clear and limited public purpose under the supervision of an independent body. The author argues that Ethiopia's rural land laws have defined the public purpose for the expropriation of rural land rights in different ways depending on the nature of the landholders. For peasants and pastoralists the public purpose requirement is defined vaguely and broadly, whereas for investors the concept is limited to projects implemented by government. The author argues that the protection of private property rights and security of tenure are further undermined by a legislative failure to authorize affected people to appeal to an independent body on the basis that the public purpose requirement has not been satisfied.
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Mengesha, Ayelech Kidie, Reinfried Mansberger, Doris Damyanovic, and Gernot Stoeglehner. "Impact of Land Certification on Sustainable Land Use Practices: Case of Gozamin District, Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 5551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205551.
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Agroforestry is attracting considerable attention in Ethiopia because of its potential for sustainable land use practices. As land tenure insecurity is a major limiting factor for sustainable land use practices in Ethiopia and developing countries in general, the Ethiopian government launched a rural land certification program to secure land tenure. There are limited empirical studies about the impacts of land certification on sustainable land use practices. To fill this knowledge gap, this study was outlined for an area in the Ethiopian Gozamen district. It investigates the impact of land certification on sustainable land use practices and is focused on factors affecting tree plantation based on a household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents practiced sustainable land use practices after their land was certified. Therefore, land certification has a great contribution on sustainable land use practices. In addition, age, consultancy, land size, education, and nurseries proved as significant factors for tree plantation. As access to land is a basic socio-economic precondition for sustainable agriculture and forestry in developing countries, tenure security is a key pathway for the development of the poor and it contributes essentially to achieve sustainable development goals.
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S.IP., MA, Sobri. "Konflik Agraria Antara Masyarakat Dengan Perusahaan Pemegang HPHTI di Kabupaten Pelalawan." SISI LAIN REALITA 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2017.vol2(1).1390.
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Agrarian conflict between the people living in the villages of the pelalawan district is due to the change of government policy related to the pattern of management of natural resources such as forest, land and river, from "subsistence" pattern to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry sector becoming the root of agrarian conflict in Riau province . The change of development policy from the pattern of Subsistence to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry and plantation sectors created by the government led to changes in the control of natural resources such as land, rivers and forests from the "Subsistence" pattern based on ulayat concept, to become widespread land tenure (monopoly) by the owners of capital (the corporations).
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Cramb, R. A., and I. R. Wills. "The role of traditional institutions in rural development: Community-based land tenure and government land policy in Sarawak, Malaysia." World Development 18, no. 3 (March 1990): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90122-e.
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Rubakula, Gelas, Zhanqi Wang, and Chao Wei. "Land Conflict Management through the Implementation of the National Land Policy in Tanzania: Evidence from Kigoma Region." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 6315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226315.
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The land policy in Tanzania, which has been implemented since 1995, aims to resolve land-use problems. This study explored the implementation of land policy in rural Tanzania. A cross-sectional multiple data collection technique was performed during the period July–November, 2017 to examine whether the policy has addressed land issues, including land conflicts. The findings indicate a significant association between immigrants and land conflicts, thus implying an insecure land tenure. The results also show that the realization of land policy was hampered by insufficient budgetary allocation and too few land staff to spearhead the land policy and legislation requirements. In view of these findings, this article suggests that the government must mobilize the resources required for registering communal land and simultaneously reinforce the use of social institutions, cultural norms, and adjoining landowners in securing land rights. This decision will encourage the majority of rural landowners (peasants and herdsmen) to invest in their land for higher and sustainable production.
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Komaruddin, Koko. "Fairness in the distribution of land ownership in Indonesia based on Islamic law perspective." Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 20, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i2.211-234.
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The imbalance of land ownership and tenure, which results in several land cases, becomes the main problem in agrarian sector in Indonesia that needs quick handling. Although the government has issued some policies related to the agrarian sector, such cases have not been completely solved. The main cause of the imbalance of land ownership is not merely about substance or policy related to land, but also the fundamental concept, philosophy, and orientation of the policy. Regarding this matter, this article explains Islamic point of view about fairness in distribution of land ownership as an alternative solution. Methodologically, this research is normative juridical research which is not only descriptive, but also prescriptive with doctrinal approach. According to a research conducted, every policy related to land issued by the government should be based on the principles of public interest or social justice as well as security of life and property, which become part of the concept of maqashid al-syarî’ah. Thus, the government must play an active role in the mechanism for the distribution and revocation of property rights over the land. Additionally, to make a fair and equitable the distribution of land, the government is required to provide supports, such as intensification and extensification so that all people are able to receive, manage, and use land ownership rights.
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Zaim, Zaflis, and Imam Buchori. "Adaptation to the Climate Change Impact through Community Participation on Customary Land Use." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.2.2777.
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Climate Change and global warming have brought some policy to reduce the impacts by adaptation and mitigation strategies. One adaptation strategy is to increase land use size in agriculture area base on community participation. On the other hand, sustainable development needs cooperation mainly on common investment. The aim of the study is to identify the land utilization process, role model and level of participation on customary land. We use observation and deep interview method to analyze this study. The result shows that the customary land utilization process has realized through public deliberation with local Fig.s. The agriculture programs operated with Wanatani concept or agro-forestry by housewives where multi-level strategy is mutually beneficial. Around 30 housewives have been participating in producing agriculture products, i.e., coffee, milk candy, palm sugar, and ginger powder. The level of participation especially for female farmers at RW 01, which shows a percentage of 16.6%. Generally, community participation has encouraged the gotong-royong model while has to contribute in their time, tools and materials to develop the communal shed. In conclusion, the land tenure system has taken with sharing benefits between local government & farmers. The customary tenure has recognized as one of the tenure systems in Indonesia, especially on Adat land management.
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M Chairulbasrun Umanailo, Jati Nurcholis, Tandi Balla, Tandi Balla, Ezra Artasastah,. "Farmers Response on Government Policy in Soybean UPSUS." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 6432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.3172.
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The increase in production of rice commodities, corn, and soy (Pajale) continues to be encouraged by the Government to provide adequate needs to avoid exports. This Program has been conducted intensively on the activities of the state BUDGET-year 2017. The purpose of this research is 1) to know the response of farmers to the soy UPSUS program, and 2) to know the income received by farmers in the soybean UPSUS Program. The method of research is conducted using survey method, the form of primary data collection by providing questions to the respondent, hereinafter, to know the level of admission of soybean farming is done using R/C ratio analysis. As the results, the average age of farmers in productive age (45), all farmers have participated in formal education, and among them, there are 17 people at basic educated. Mostly there are three people as Family members. Experience farming range between 26 and 32 years, and the area of land tenure > = 1.7 ha. Revenue acquisition of farmers Upsus in the 1-time production process (on average four months) obtained a net profit of IDR 4.960.000, -with R/C Ratio acquired the value of 2.03, which means that soybean cultivation deserves to cultivate
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Suhada, Nur, Hariadi Kartodihardjo, and Dudung Darusman. "The Effectiveness of Policy Implementation of Sultan Syarif Hasyim Forest Park in Riau Province." Media Konservasi 24, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.24.1.77-84.
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Since it was established as the Sultan Syarif Hasyim Forest Park in 1999, the implementation of policies management has not been effective due to increase of land tenure issue which has caused deforestation to become oil palm planation. The objective of this study was to formulate a strategy to increase the effectiveness of SSH Forest Park policies management. The SSH Forest Park policy management incapability of facts and implementation were influenced by high political and economic interests, participation and low level of community empowerment, human resources competencies and the low responsiveness of target groups. Those are due to the ineffectiveness of the policy content and policy environment implementation so to improve the implementation of the policy the government needs to streamline the contents of the policy and policy environment implementation. This also needs to be supported by reforms and governance arrangements to address policy gaps and implementation in the field such as strengthening and optimizing protection, agroforestry and ecotourism partnerships, zoning integration, improving communication for targeted groups in terms of implementation effectiveness of SSH management policies. Keywords: effectiveness, forest park SSH, implementation, land tenure, policy
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Chisanga, Kafula, Ernest Mbega, and Patrick Alois Ndakidemi. "Socio-Economic Factors for Anthill Soil Utilization by Smallholder Farmers in Zambia." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 4849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184849.
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In this study, we surveyed two districts of Zambia—Choma and Pemba. The aim of this study was to obtain the perspective of farmers on anthill soil utilization practices for key information that could contribute towards the development of an anthill soil based research agenda. The study employed both a qualitative and quantitative method approach to gather data from the respondents, which included farmers and key informants. Qualitative data was analyzed using the triangulation method and Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS), Nvivo version 10, while data generated from quantitative interviews with a smart phone Application (Open Data Kit) were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results revealed that the key hurdles to the utilization of anthill soil lay in agro-climatic, biophysical, technological, land and institutional constraints. Broadly, farmers reported poor rainfall patterns (95%), decreasing soil fertility (70%), limited farm products (69%), finance (66%), limited access to research and extension services (55%) and security of land tenure (48%) as major constraints. We therefore advocate for strengthenedinstitutional linkages between research and extension for information dissemination, which would aid in decision-making used to promote integrated soil fertility management for improved agriculture production and productivity of rural households.
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Look, Cory, Erin Friedman, and Geneviève Godbout. "The Resilience of Land Tenure Regimes During Hurricane Irma: How Colonial Legacies Impact Disaster Response and Recovery in Antigua and Barbuda." Journal of Extreme Events 06, no. 01 (March 2019): 1940004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737619400049.
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Antiguans and Barbudans have both raised concerns over the disaster recovery solutions put in place to mitigate damages sustained during Hurricane Irma in September 2017. In Barbuda, the potential loss of commonhold land ownership and the possibility of a land grab by foreign investors has tended to portray the island as a victim of disaster capitalism rather than as a resilient community. At the same time, neither island has addressed its vulnerabilities to future extreme events through any substantive legislative response, or immediate policy shifts. While it is vital that we attend to the exploitation of vulnerable populations and the efforts of economic restructuring that follow a disaster to better understand the impact of major weather events, we propose that the threat to commonhold land tenure in Barbuda and the legislative overreach of Antigua’s government on the matter following Hurricane Irma can be understood in terms of various landscape legacies and continuities rooted in ongoing struggles over land in Antigua and Barbuda spanning the periods of slavery, emancipation, and post-colonial independence. This paper situates the past with distinction in order to understand the resilience of land tenure regimes, and the ways in which this resilience affects the quality of post-disaster response in the post-Irma era. Using path dependency theory, we examine the tensions over land tenure in response to Hurricane Irma within the framework of colonial legacies of land rights. More specifically, this paper attempts to examine how these land tenure regimes took shape, and in what ways it has been contested and resisted over time. Our findings demonstrate how the imposition of modern land-use solutions atop a landscape shaped by 18th- and 19th-century practices complicates the mandate to plan for and mitigate the impacts of future disasters. The impact of Hurricane Irma on Barbuda further shows how resistance to legislative change might result in a form of ecological restraint rooted in social-cohesion and commonhold land tenure that is now coming under threat.
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Baller, Josh. "Top-Down or Bottom-Up: Approaches for Addressing Land Degradation in Swaziland and Botswana." Agora: Political Science Undergraduate Journal 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/agora19035.
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The strategies taken by a particular government are largely based upon their socio-cultural and political background. This paper will examine two countries that, while sharing regional proximity and similar conditions surrounding land degradation, have drastically different forms of governance: Swaziland and Botswana. We will examine the problem of land degradation in these countries generally and what aspects of socio-political organization in each country have affected the rate and severity of the problem. This paper will highlight the policy paths taken by Swaziland and Botswana and examine the irony of their methods. Despite Swaziland’s central administration and land tenure systems, they have adopted a more participatory approach to addressing land degradation compared to Botswana, a democratic country.
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Sutrisno, Adi, and Mohammad Wahyu Agang. "RESPONSE OF TARAKAN CITY FOREST MANAGEMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY." Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan 17, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2020.17.2.141-150.
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Community activities in the city forest area have caused degradation and damage, therefore it requires a responsefrom the parties, especially the community in the area. The research aims to describe the supporting policies, the distribution of land area and cover, perceptions, participation, responses, and formulate policy implications. The methods used include qualitative content analysis, remote sensing land cover and geographic information systems and qualitative descriptive analysis using the PSR approach. The results of the research are: supporting policies including Government Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, Ministerial Decrees, Tarakan Mayor Regulations, and Tarakan Mayor Decrees the area has not been distributed proportionally with the dominance in the East Tarakan District, community perception is low which results in activities that are not in accordance with the designation of the land, giving birth to land tenure conditions and the user community does not participate in management. Residents are involved in sustainability and the policy implications of this research are the revised RTRW for the City of Tarakan and model of government and community partnership in management which are formulated and stipulated in the PERDA
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Sutrisno, Adi, and Mohammad Wahyu Agang. "RESPONSE OF TARAKAN CITY FOREST MANAGEMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY." Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan 17, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2020.17.2.141-151.
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Community activities in the city forest area have caused degradation and damage, therefore it requires a responsefrom the parties, especially the community in the area. The research aims to describe the supporting policies, the distribution of land area and cover, perceptions, participation, responses, and formulate policy implications. The methods used include qualitative content analysis, remote sensing land cover and geographic information systems and qualitative descriptive analysis using the PSR approach. The results of the research are: supporting policies including Government Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, Ministerial Decrees, Tarakan Mayor Regulations, and Tarakan Mayor Decrees the area has not been distributed proportionally with the dominance in the East Tarakan District, community perception is low which results in activities that are not in accordance with the designation of the land, giving birth to land tenure conditions and the user community does not participate in management. Residents are involved in sustainability and the policy implications of this research are the revised RTRW for the City of Tarakan and model of government and community partnership in management which are formulated and stipulated in the PERDA
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Panichvejsunti, Thitiya, John K. M. Kuwornu, Ganesh P. Shivakoti, Clemens Grünbühel, and Peeyush Soni. "Smallholder farmers’ crop combinations under different land tenure systems in Thailand: The role of flood and government policy." Land Use Policy 72 (March 2018): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.046.
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Kidido, Joseph Kwaku, John Tiah Bugri, and Raphael Kasim Kasanga. "Youth Agricultural Land Access Dimensions and Emerging Challenges Under the Customary Tenure System in Ghana." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 5, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024917700940.
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The youth constitute an important human capital for the socio-economic growth and development of Ghana. As an agrarian economy, land remains a key resource in national economic development. Consequently, youth access to agricultural land is crucial in harnessing their potential for increased agricultural production. This study examines youth access to agricultural land dimensions under the customary system in Ghana. Using Techiman area as a case study, the study employed multiple sampling techniques to select the study communities and the respondents. In all, 455 youth and 23 elder respondents were covered. The results revealed that the youth have limited access to land for agricultural purpose on permanent basis. Land access mechanisms which convey temporary and limited rights such as licence and rentals were more popular among the youth respondents. This undermines their ability to make long-term investments and participate in cash crop cultivation. The study recommends a targeted youth agricultural land policy by government that will leverage the potential of the youth for increased agricultural production in the country.
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Mekking, Steven, Dossa Victorien Kougblenou, and Fabrice Gilles Kossou. "Fit-For-Purpose Upscaling Land Administration—A Case Study from Benin." Land 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050440.
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The government of Benin in 2013 decided upon a centralized land administration, with the purpose of recording the entire national territory in one land administration system to promote durable economic development by increasing legal certainty in real estate transactions. This is a major challenge, given that currently, of the estimated 5 million cadastral parcels, less than 60,000 parcels have a land title and are registered in the national land administration agency’s central database. This case study describes how a transition to a fit-for-purpose approach in land administration makes it possible to realize the Benin government policy. In the context of Benin, the core of this approach is the introduction of a tenure system based on presumed ownership parallel to the existing title system with state-guaranteed ownership. From a quality perspective, this meant a shift in priorities from “good but slow” to “good enough and fast”. A field test has proven that this new approach is necessary to realize the governmental purpose but puts pressure on the quality aspect and the related interests of established parties such as private surveyors. In the Benin case, this pressure is reduced by designing a land information system based on the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) that makes it possible to include and keep track of both cadastral parcels with state-guaranteed ownership and cadastral parcels with presumed ownership in the database. Both ways of tenure security can therefore coexist, allowing landowners to choose between the level of legal security that best fits their needs and means.
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Jones, Chris. "Plus Ça Change, Plus Ça Reste le Même? The New Zanzibar Land Law Project." Journal of African Law 40, no. 1 (1996): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300007105.
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The picture of pre-Protectorate and Protectorate land tenure that emerges from the reported judicial resolutions of land disputes in Zanzibar and the legislation introduced is that of overlapping interests in one and same parcel of land (such as planting banana trees on someone else's land), a charitable toleration of land occupation by persons who had little but their labour to subsist by (such as not having to pay rents on the Sultan's lands or waqf properties, or at least very little), mobility by way of settlement on unoccupied lands through negotiation or silent acquiescence without formalistic titles as a prerequisite, and a determination to protect land security for families or for the poor against Government taxes, private debt attachments or fragmentary inheritance rules (such as through waqf, perpetual trust). Alongside these elements were the commercial uses and dispositions of land, including outright sales and conditional sales for debts, and the assignment to trees of an economic value distinct from that of the land. Against this complex background the British Protectorate Government extended and consolidated its public land holdings, specifying how the land was to be used for what may be called the “aggregate economic welfare produced by … unequal distribution of resources”, regularizing the charging of rents, and gradually breaking down the security of waqf immovables. After the First World War, despite political stability, social instability relating to land tenure broke out and plagued the Protectorate to its end. There were major dispossessions from land resulting from the government's policy of protecting the landlord's right to charge rents and of allowing creditors to sell land for the purpose of recovering accumulated debts that could no longer be paid during economic depressions. The loss of access to land led to the loss of identification with the land.
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Loftsdóttir, Kristín. "Where My Cord is Buried: WoDaaBe Use and Conceptualization of Land." Journal of Political Ecology 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v8i1.21577.
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A general conception among many government officials and those working in relation todevelopment seems to be that WoDaaBe simply do not have attachment to land, andtraditionally have had no conception of land as a home. These issues are increasinglyimportant in present day Niger, where claims of land have become a very central issue.The goal of this paper is to discuss resource use by a specific lineage group of WoDaaBeand their conceptualization of land. I will explain the dynamics of the seasonal movementsof WoDaaBe, which I believe are partly the reason that WoDaaBe are often seen as nothaving an attachment to land. I will also discuss concepts tied to the WoDaaBeconceptualization of land. I place my discussion in a broad political and ecologicalcontext, explaining the WoDaaBe situation within the nation state.Keywords: Niger, WoDaaBe, land tenure, land policy, pastoralism, Sahel, nation state.
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Turner, Robin L. "Land restitution, traditional leadership and belonging: defining Barokologadi identity." Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 3 (August 8, 2013): 507–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x13000384.
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ABSTRACTHow do government policies and practices affect struggles over collective identity and struggles over land? Examining the interconnections among collective identity struggles, land struggles and state policies and practices in post-apartheid South Africa, this paper argues that the government's contradictory policies and ambivalent practices have aggravated collective struggles over the boundaries of belonging. Specifically, the differing definitions of community set forth in traditional leadership, land tenure and land restitution policies exacerbate existing divisions among ‘communities’ concurrently subject to these policies and create practical policy dilemmas for decision-makers. This paper illustrates the interplay between public policies and collective identity struggles through close examination of struggles among the Barokologadi ba ga Maotwe, a so-called traditional community. The Barokologadi case underscores the necessity of attending to these interactions.
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Budiman, I., T. Fujiwara, N. Sato, and D. Pamungkas. "Another Law in Indonesia: Customary Land Tenure System Coexisting with State Order in Mutis Forest." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 26, no. 3 (December 12, 2020): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.3.244.
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Local wisdom has been coexisting with the state system in several places in Indonesia. The Mountain Mutis Nature Reserve in East Nusa Tenggara province is the strict nature reserves, but a customary land tenure system, called suf, exists so far in the nature reserve. The objectives of this study are (1) to organize the historical territorialization process, (2) to clarify the customary land tenure system and activities for livelihoods by local people, and (3) to discuss the challenges of its land tenure system to manage forests sustainably as well as policy methods to harmonize legal pluralism in Mutis Area. Field observation and in-depth interviews with key informants were employed for data collection, and the collected data were analyzed by a qualitative descriptive method. The findings showed the traditional reward and punishment systems regarding extracting non-timber forest products, grazing livestock, and preventing forest fires were working well for sustainable forest management. However, increased pressure on forests due to future population growth appears to have an impact on the traditional system. It also showed the government officers and local people started some discussions to recognize the suf in the formal legal order. However, there were institutional problems to introduce current state systems. Therefore, it is required to flexibly operate or revise the state laws according to the actual situation to harmonize society between state and people.
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Asrida, Wan, Raja Muhammad Amin, and Auradian Marta. "Bentuk-Bentuk Kekuasaan dalam Pemanfaatan Tanah Ulayat di Kabupaten Kampar." Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 17, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35967/jipn.v17i1.7057.
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This research attempts to analyze the forms of power in the utilization of communal land in Kampar Regency. The interests of indigenous peoples in terms of ulayat land tenure feel threatened by the existence of plantation corporations by bringing large investments which ultimately provide economic added value for the Government and Regional Government. This study uses qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. Data was obtained through interviews conducted with elements of the Kampar District Government, Lembaga Adat Kampar (LAK), the Archipelago Indigenous Peoples Alliance (AMAN) Kampar, and traditional leaders. Technical data analysis in this study was conducted interactively. The argument from this study shows that there are 2 (two) forms of power that influence the implementation of ulayat land use in Kampar Regency. The first is visible power, where the practice of power occurs in the formal sphere in the policy-making process of recognizing and protecting customary law communities in Kampar District. In addition, the practice of visible power is also evident from the interaction between actors in resolving communal land conflicts that occurred in Kampar District. While the second form of power in the utilization of communal land is hidden power. This hidden power practice is carried out by corporate actors who are suspected of taking over customary land by playing their power in licenses issued by the Government.
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Fortin, Elizabeth. "Struggles with activism: NGO engagements with land tenure reform in post-apartheid South Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 383–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000340.
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ABSTRACTIn 2004, a long-awaited piece of post-apartheid legislation, the Communal Land Rights Act – to reform the land tenure of those living in the former ‘homelands’ of South Africa – was passed into law unanimously by parliament. This unanimity, however, conceals the extent to which the process towards this moment was deeply contested. Exploring the efforts by land sector NGOs to secure legitimacy in their engagements with this process reveals the extent to which wider power relations and contestations have determined their positioning. Those within the non-governmental land sector who opposed the legislation pitted themselves against African National Congress politicians and high-profile traditional leaders. However, the adoption of a Mamdani-inspired discourse to contest such politics and oppose the proposed legislation contributed to reinscribing narrow readings of knowledge considered to be legitimate. Their engagements were also shaped by changes in the NGO sector. Reduced funding for land sector NGOs and an increasingly ambivalent relationship between them and government contributed to contestations between NGOs and among people working within them. Their strategic engagements in such wider and internal politics influenced both the frames within which such policy change could be debated and the ways in which individuals working for NGOs consequently positioned themselves in relation to their constituents.
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To, Mahanty, and Wells-Dang. "From “Land to the Tiller” to the “New Landlords”? The Debate over Vietnam’s Latest Land Reforms." Land 8, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8080120.
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Between Vietnam’s independence and its reunification in 1975, the country’s socialist land tenure system was underpinned by the principle of “land to the tiller”. During this period, government redistributed land to farmers that was previously owned by landlords. The government’s “egalitarian” approach to land access was central to the mass support that it needed during the Indochinese war. Even when the 1993 Land Law transitioned agricultural land from collectivized to household holdings with 20-year land use certificates, the “land to the tiller” principle remained largely sacrosanct in state policy. Planned amendments to the current Land Law (issued in 2013), however, propose a fundamental shift from “land to the tiller” to the concentration of land by larger farming concerns, including private sector investors. This is explained as being necessary for the modernization of agricultural production. The government’s policy narrative concerning this change emphasizes the need to overcome the low productivity that arises from land fragmentation, the prevalence of unskilled labor and resource shortages among smallholders. This is contrasted with the readily available resources and capacity of the private sector, together with opportunities for improved market access and high-tech production systems, if holdings were consolidated by companies. This major proposed transition in land governance has catalyzed heated debate over the potential risks and benefits. Many perceive it as a shift from a “pro-poor” to “pro-rich” policy, or from “land to the tiller” to the establishment of a “new landlord”—with all the historical connotations that this badge invokes. Indeed, the growing level of public concern over land concentration raises potential implications for state legitimacy. This paper examines key narratives on the government-supported land concentration policy, to understand how the risks, benefits and legitimacy of the policy change are understood by different stakeholders. The paper considers how the transition could change land access and governance in Vietnam, based on early experience with the approach.
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Haller. "The Different Meanings of Land in the Age of Neoliberalism: Theoretical Reflections on Commons and Resilience Grabbing from a Social Anthropological Perspective." Land 8, no. 7 (June 27, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8070104.
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Recent debates in social anthropology on land acquisitions highlight the need to go further back in history in order to analyse their impacts on local livelihoods. The debate over the commons in economic and ecological anthropology helps us understand some of today’s dynamics by looking at precolonial common property institutions and the way they were transformed by Western colonization to state property and then, later in the age of neoliberalism, to privatization and open access. This paper focuses on Africa and refers to the work of critical scholars who show that traditional land tenure was misinterpreted as customary tenure without full property rights, while a broader literature on the commons shows that common-pool resources (pasture, fisheries, wildlife, forestry etc.) have been effectively managed by locally-developed common property institutions. This misinterpretation continues to function as a legacy in both juridical and popular senses. Moreover, the transformation of political systems and the notion of customary land tenure produced effects of central importance for today’s investment context. During colonial times a policy of indirect rule based on new elites was created to manage customary lands of so-called native groups who could use the land as long as it was of no value to the state. However, this land formally remained in the hands of the state, which also claimed to manage common-pool resources through state institutions. The neoliberal policies that are now demanded by donor agencies have had two consequences for land and land-related common-pool resources. On the one hand, states often lack the financial means to enforce their own natural resource legislation and this has led to de facto open access. On the other hand, land legally fragmented from its common-pool resources has been transformed from state to private property. This has enabled new elites and foreign investors to claim private property on formerly commonly-held land, which also leads to the loss of access to land related common-pool resources for more marginal local actors. Thus, the paper argues that this process does not just lead to land grabbing but to commons grabbing as well. This has furthermore undermined the resilience and adaptive capacity of local populations because access to common-pool resources is vital for the livelihoods of more marginal groups, especially in times of crisis. Comparative studies undertaken on floodplains in Botswana, Cameroon, Mali, Tanzania and Zambia based on a New Institutional Political Ecology (NIPE) approach illustrate this process and its impacts and show how institutional transformations are key to understanding the impacts of large-scale land acquisitions (LSLA) and investments in Africa.
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Xu, Jiliang, Zhengwang Zhang, Wenjing Liu, and Philip J. K. McGowan. "A review and assessment of nature reserve policy in China: advances, challenges and opportunities." Oryx 46, no. 4 (October 2012): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000810.
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AbstractThere were 2,541 nature reserves accounting for c. 15% of China's land territory by 2009. As nature reserves hold the majority of the country's wildlife they play a fundamental role in protecting the country's biodiversity. National policies relevant to nature reserves have had a positive effect on biodiversity although these policies are now facing increasing challenges. We reviewed the development of relevant policy and legislation and identify and assess challenges, using a questionnaire survey and personal interviews. The main challenges identified and assessed included lack of harmonization between government departments, between nature reserves and other protected area designations, and between nature reserves and local communities. In addition, recent transfers of responsibilities between government entities, potential impacts of forest tenure reforms, and issues surrounding natural resource use and ecotourism were identified. These obstacles could undermine the achievements of biodiversity conservation in China if they are not addressed soon. Given these findings, we make recommendations to guide future policy formulation in relation to nature reserve management and development.
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Mukuka, Bridget N. M. "Rethinking land and religion." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 1, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v1i1.21.
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This article is a by-product of a missiological research that examined the power of naming some congregations in the local language, through the concept of culture in the Mutima Walowa wa Makumbi1 Church popularly known as the Mutima Church of Zambia. The article examines how the founder of the Mutima Church acquired land in the name of religion in many parts of the country. Upon the death of the church founder in February 2015, some of the land has been repossessed by either his own relatives or by the Zambian government. To gain ‘ownership’ of the land, the church founder established some congregations across the country which he named under his own Bemba2 cultural worldview. Critically important is the fact that this research wasconducted in six congregations; and strongly indicates that due to lack of proper documentation, some acres of church land have been repossessed by the government and by some relatives of the church founder who donated it a couple of years ago. To make the research valid, thirty church members were interviewed. They comprised of eleven males, nine females, six male youths and four female youths. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group approach, participant observation and document review. Consequently, guided by the feminist narrative methods of inquiry, the article adopts a qualitative approach to answer a key research question: How does the missional policy of the Mutima Church affect some members’ understanding of land and religion in the power of naming? The above discourse is viewed through the lenses of Michel Foucault (1978) and Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza’s (2009) respectively.
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Ramdani, Muhammad Febri. "Implementasi Kebijakan Agraria dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan (Kasus Lahan Eks HGU di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat)." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 4, no. 6 (December 24, 2020): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.v4i6.728.
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ABSTRAKMUHAMAD FEBRI RAMDANI. Implementasi Kebijakan Agraria dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan (Kasus Lahan Eks HGU di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat). Dibimbing oleh MARTUA SIHALOHO.Redistribusi lahan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebuah upaya implementasi kebijakan agraria. Kebijakan agraria tersebut berupa asset reform (penataan aset) eks lahan perkebunan dengan skema legalisasi aset berwujud sertifikasi bidang lahan. Namun dalam pelaksanannya pemerintah mengklaim bahwa kebijakan tersebut merupakan agenda reforma agraria. Atas dasar klaim tersebut, penting untuk meninjau access reform (penataan akses) bekerja, karena pada hakikatnya reforma agraria merupakan asset reform (penataan aset) dan access reform (penataan akses) yang berjalan beriringan, dengan bertujuan untuk menata ketimpangan penguasaan lahan agar terwujudnya keadilan agraria (agrarian justice). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif yang didukung kualitatif dengan pendekatan sensus. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan responden ialah purposive sampling dengan teknik non probability sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji statistik rank spearman untuk melihat hubungan variabel. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa tingkat asset reform berada pada kategori rendah. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa asset reform berhubungan dengan access reform dan asset reform berhubungan dengan ketimpangan penguasaan lahan.Kata kunci: access reform, asset reform, keadilan agraria, reforma agrariaABSTRACTMUHAMAD FEBRI RAMDANI. Implementation of Agrarian Policy and Land Tenure Inequality (Case of Ex-HGU Land in Cipeuteuy Village, Kabandungan District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province). Supervised by MARTUA SIHALOHO.Land redistribution has been done by government as an effort of agrarian policy implementation. The policy came in form of asset reform of ex-plantation land with asset legalization scheme (land-part certification). But the government claimed that this policy is one of the agrarian reform agenda. It is important to observe how this access reform works, because agrarian and access reform can’t be separated one another, with purpose to reduce the inequality of land tenure so that the agrarian justice can be reach. This research used quantitative method supported by qualitative data, using the census approachment. Purposive sampling with non probabilty sampling used to specify the respondent. The data processed by rank spearman statistic test to analyze the relation between variable. This research shows a low level of asset reform. The statistic test shows that the low asset reform have a strong relation to low access reform, and high inequality of land tenure.Key words: access reform, agrarian justice, agrarian reform, asset reform
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Gulyani, Sumila, and Ellen M. Bassett. "Retrieving the Baby from the Bathwater: Slum Upgrading in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 486–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c4p.
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Drawing on project experiences over a thirty-year period and academic literature, this paper focuses on the question: what has worked in slum upgrading in Africa? We find that efforts to regularize land titles to confer de jure security of tenure have not been encouraging. By contrast, infrastructure investment efforts have performed better—they have conferred de facto security of tenure and also ameliorated living conditions. Over time project-based learning and microlevel innovations have helped improve upgrading performance. To create broader and sustainable benefits, however, upgrading needs to go to scale. We propose an upgrading strategy with the following elements—a programmatic approach that links slums to citywide systems, is channelled through government, and combines a community-demand and participation approach with supply-side constraints and rules of access.
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Conrad, David A. "‘Before It Is Too Late’: Land Reform in South Vietnam, 1956–1968." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02101002.
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Attempts by the U.S. government to enact land redistribution in the Republic of Vietnam began in the mid-1950s. At that time. land reform was a linchpin of U.S. foreign policy in Asia. Wolf Ladejinsky, author of the legislation that had virtually eliminated tenancy in occupied Japan, encountered political controversy in Washington and administrative challenges in Saigon in his attempt to bring about greater equality of land ownership in South Vietnam. This initial attempt to modify land tenure arrangements failed when redistribution stalled, far from complete, during 1961. Although new land reform legislation did not appear until 1970, the 1960s were by no means years of inaction on land reform. Years of behind-the-scenes efforts by American policymakers in Washington and Saigon culminated in the Land-to-the-Tiller Law, an ambitious but doomed attempt to complete the work that Ladejinsky had begun over a decade earlier. Documents from the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, many newly declassified, suggest that bureaucratic intrigue and political infighting within the Johnson administration and Congress both hindered and facilitated the emergence of a new land reform program in war-ravaged South Vietnam.
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Duinker, P. N., P. W. Matakala, and D. Zhang. "Community forestry and its implications for Northern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67131-2.
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Community forestry is becoming an increasingly important policy issue for provincial governments in Canada. Many single-industry communities in the northern parts of the provinces, surrounded as they are by forests, are looking to forest resources for possible economic diversification and stability. At the same time as there is increasing interest, there is little understanding about what community forestry could and should be for communities surrounded by Crown land forests. This paper looks at some definitions and dimensions of community forestry, as well as reviewing briefly some experiences with it. We examine various ways in which community forestry might be different from provincial government forestry and industrial forestry, and reflect on whether community forestry could lead to improvements in forest management. We conclude with some thoughts on potential future directions for community forestry in Ontario. Key words: community forestry. Crown land forests, single-industry communities, land tenure, local involvement, economic stability, Northern Ontario
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Osman, Abubaker, and J. A. Groenewald. "Agricultural development problems in a newly independent, war-ravaged country: Eritrea." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i1.3334.
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Eritrea obtained independence in 1992, after a century of foreign rule and war. The agricultural sector has been unable to produce enough food for Eritrea and the situation deteriorated substantially during the war with Ethiopia. It has considerable potential for agricultural, including horticultural, production. Eritrea should therefore develop an export base built on agriculture. The rural economy should be transformed from a subsistence to a commercial economy. Agricultural policy could partially achieve this goal by developing incentives, including (nito alis) changes in land tenure systems, improvement of transport, storage and communications infrastructure, marketing services, and also extension and human capital development. Trade policy should focus on gaining access to foreign markets. The government should not attempt to take over entrepreneurial functions, instead it should focus on empowering this sector.
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Adams, W. M. "Rural protest, land policy and the planning process on the Bakolori Project, Nigeria." Africa 58, no. 3 (July 1988): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159803.
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Opening ParagraphIn the literature and accumulated folk wisdom of development in rural Africa there are numerous instances of government projects which are expensive, ineffective and unpopular. These include now classic failures of the past, such as the Tanganyika Groundnuts Scheme (Wood, 1950; Frankel, 1953), which are still cited as cautionary tales demonstrating the need for proper project appraisal. There are also numerous more recent examples, for the phenomenon of failure has persisted and governments and international agencies continue to implement schemes ‘little better planned than their more spectacularly misbegotten predecessors’ (Hill, 1978: 25). Among recent initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa the large-scale irrigation projects developed in northern Nigeria during the 1970s have attracted particularly extensive adverse criticism. This has focused on the social and economic impact of the introduction of irrigation and particularly on questions of land tenure (inter alia Wallace, 1979, 1980, 1981; Oculi, 1981; Adams, 1982, 1984; Palmer-Jones, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). A number of accounts discuss technical aspects of the land survey carried out at Bakolori {Bird, 1981, 1984, 1985; Griffith, 1984), while others focus on economic problems (e.g. Etuk and Abalu, 1982). However, although economic and technical aspects of these developments have been criticised, it is the social impacts of project development and more particularly the political responses to those impacts which are of greatest interest (Wallace, 1980; Adams, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). This paper examines the bature of the response of farmers affected by one of these schemes, the Bakolori Project in Sokoto State.
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Doly, Denico. "KEWENANGAN NEGARA DALAM PENGUASAAN TANAH: REDISTRIBUSI TANAH UNTUK RAKYAT (THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE IN LAND TENURE: REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND TO THE PEOPLE)." Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v8i2.1053.
Full textAbstract:
State control over land is mandated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The state is mandated to carry out the management and utilization of land based on the spirit of community welfare. Agrarian reform in land sector is a way to reorganize or restructure land management and utilization. State control over land can be found in term of regulation, management, policy, administration, and supervision. The state control over land needs to be specifically regulated in a law governing the land. One form of state control over land is redistribution. The redistribution of land for the people is controlled with its first step of identification on Land Objects for Agrarian Reform (TORA) followed by land management as part of Agrarian Reform. Further, in order to support land redistribution program, the government can impose moratorium on land use for business-oriented development, restrict land tenure and control, control land prices, and revoke any rights to unutilized land. AbstrakPenguasaan negara terhadap tanah merupakan amanat yang tercantum dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD Tahun 1945). Negara diamanatkan untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah yang didasari oleh semangat mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pembaruan agraria di bidang pertanahan merupakan salah satu bentuk perombakan atau penataan ulang terhadap pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah. Penguasaan negara terhadap tanah dapat berupa pengaturan, pengelolaan, kebijakan, pengurusan, dan pengawasan. Bentuk penguasaan negara terhadap tanah ini perlu diatur secara khusus dalam sebuah undang-undang yang mengatur tentang pertanahan. Salah satu bentuk penguasaan negara yaitu dengan melakukan redistribusi tanah. Redistribusi tanah untuk rakyat dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi Tanah Obyek Reforma Agraria (TORA) untuk kemudian dikelola sebagai bagian dari Reforma Agraria. Selain itu, dalam rangka mendukung program redistribusi tanah, pemerintah dapat melakukan moratorium penggunaan tanah untuk pembangunan yang berorientasi pada bisnis, membatasi kepemilikan dan penguasaan tanah, pengendalian harga tanah, dan mencabut hak atas tanah yang tidak dimanfaatkan.
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Ferreira, Gerrit. "Response to Prof Thilo Marauhn's Opening Address on ’Land Tenure and Good Governance from the Perspective of International Law." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 3 (June 9, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i3a2611.
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In an earlier judgment[1] on the right to education delivered by the South African Constitutional Court (the Constitutional Court), the principal focus was on the restriction of access to education through the implementation of the language policy of the school. Language, however, is only one barrier preventing access to education in South Africa. Learners countrywide are denied the right to basic education because of the levying of school fees and other educational charges.[2] This practice is prevalent in spite of the international obligation imposed on the South African government to provide free primary education. This article examines the exact nature of this obligation by exploring the concept of "free" basic education. * Lorette Arendse, Lecturer, Department of Legal History, Coparative Law and Legal Philosophy University of Pretoria. E-mail: Lorette.arendse@up.ac.za[1] Head of Department: Mpumalanga Department of Education v Hoërskool Ermelo 2010 2 SA 415 (CC).[2] Centre for Applied Legal Studies and Social Surveys Africa National Survey.