Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land-use approval

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Land-use approval'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Land-use approval"

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McDaniels, Timothy L., and Karen Thomas. "Eliciting preferences for land use alternatives: A structured value referendum with approval voting." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 18, no. 2 (1999): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199921)18:2<264::aid-pam4>3.0.co;2-f.

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McLeod, Donald M., Jody Woirhaye, and Dale J. Menkhaus. "Factors Influencing Support for Rural Land Use Control: A Case Study." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 28, no. 1 (April 1999): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000964.

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Agricultural land is being converted into rural residences at an unprecedented rate in the Inter-mountain West. Survey data have been collected for Sublette County, Wyoming concerning preferences for private land use and land use controls. Selected land use controls include zoning, purchase of development rights and cluster development. Local in-migration appears to be driven by the pursuit of open space and environmental amenities. Logit models are estimated for public and private choice co-variates. Private concerns about land use are the chief determinants of land use control approval.
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Park, Shin-Won, Sang-Hee Choi, and Young-Tae Cho. "A Research on the Application of Eco-Friendly Approval Criteria in Forest Land-use." LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5804/lhij.2012.3.1.033.

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He, Xin, and Chun Hui Yang. "Non-Cooperative Game Between Governments and Landlord in Land Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.605.

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The game between central government local government and land user were structured and analyzed. The aim is to explore the equilibrium strategies between policy maker, executor and target groups in the process of policy making and implementing in land planning. The reasonable planning and approval system should be established to solve the current problems in land use, the overall interests of the regions should be considered from the perspective land use planning.
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LINDSAY, KATE M., CLARK P. SVRCEK, and DANIEL W. SMITH. "EVALUATION OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT INFRIENDS OF THE WEST COUNTRY ASSOCIATIONv.CANADAAND LAND USE PLANNING ALTERNATIVES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 04, no. 02 (June 2002): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146433320200098x.

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In 1994, Sunpine Forest Products Ltd. sought permits from Alberta government to construct a permanent log hauling road and approvals from the federal government for construction of required bridges associated with the road. A concerned citizens group challenged the Federal Government's subsequent bridge approvals in court, claiming that cumulative effects assessment was not adequately conducted under Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. The original Sunpine court decision agreed with the citizen group that the federal government erred in law by not including related projects and adequately considering associated cumulative effects, sending the approval back to the federal government for reconsideration. Government regulators, industrial foresters, and environmental groups across Canada awaited the appeal to the Sunpine federal court decision. The Sunpine Appeal reversed the original position with much relief from industry and government. The Sunpine case raises important issues about how federal and provincial authorities address environmental impacts, uncertainty in scoping assessments, factors to be considered, and cumulative effect assessments. This paper evaluates the cumulative effects assessment processes followed in the Sunpine case study under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act within an analysis framework of comprehensiveness, fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness. Land use planning models, like the British Columbia land resource management plans and Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act, offer alternative approaches to legislated cumulative effects processes. Sustainability may be better realised with a combination of strategic environmental assessment tools, utilising environmental assessment at the project-level within the context of a regional resource planning process.
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Meng, Y., Y. Cao, H. Tian, and Z. Han. "THE IDENTIFICATION OF LAND UTILIZATION IN COASTAL RECLAMATION AREAS IN TIANJIN USING HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1275-2018.

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In recent decades, land reclamation activities have been developed rapidly in Chinese coastal regions, especially in Bohai Bay. The land reclamation areas can effectively alleviate the contradiction between land resources shortage and human needs, but some idle lands that left unused after the government making approval the usage of sea areas are also supposed to pay attention to. Due to the particular features of land coverage identification in large regions, traditional monitoring approaches are unable to perfectly meet the needs of effectively and quickly land use classification. In this paper, Gaofen-1 remotely sensed satellite imagery data together with sea area usage ownership data were used to identify the land use classifications and find out the idle land resources. It can be seen from the result that most of the land use types and idle land resources can be identified precisely.
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LIM, Tai Wei. "Housing Policies in Hong Kong." East Asian Policy 12, no. 01 (January 2020): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930520000094.

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Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam presented her housing policies at the 2019 annual address in broad strokes, including using ordinances to resume undeveloped land in accordance with the law. The Hong Kong government could use its regulatory power as disincentives for private development of land given the highly bureaucratic, time-consuming and expensive land development approval process. The Hong Kong government would also work jointly with private sector landlords to potentially develop public housing and profit-driven projects, which would then be negotiated based on the Hong Kong government’s terms and conditions.
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Didkovskaya, Olga V., Aleksey Y. Bocharov, Marina V. Ilyina, and Olga A. Mamaeva. "Normative and economic foundations of high-rise construction in the city of Samara." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303011.

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Every year the number of free land plots for construction of buildings is steadily decreasing in cities. In this regard, the participants in the investment and construction process are increasingly seeking to maximize the use of land. A logical way for this is to use high-rise construction. However, until recently, builders encountered serious obstacles in the form of lack of special norms and rules for the design of high-rise buildings. It led to the need for individual coordination of each high-rise facility, the development and approval of special technical conditions, the passage of numerous administrative approvals. Thus, investment activity regarding the construction of high-rise buildings in the Russian Federation is reduced. In 2016, there were regulatory changes that substantially alleviated these difficulties. In this article, the authors analyze the features of the town-planning normative-legal field of high-rise construction and its development, track the interrelations between the regulatory regulation of the construction of similar facilities, with the real need, the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of their construction in the urban district of Samara. Conclusions and suggestions are also based on the analysis of the norms of urban zoning, the residential real estate market and the value of land plots.
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Bird, Laura Marie. "Crown–Coastal First Nation governance of the Great Bear Rainforest: An introduction to my research." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 05 (October 2012): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-100.

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This article introduces a 2011 Master’s thesis that undertook two objectives. First, it assesses whether the Coastal First Nations, a coalition of First Nations on the coast of British Columbia, have acquired a share of governmental decision-making authority for three types of decisions: land use zones, ecosystem-based management (EBM) operating rules, and approval of operational plans. Second, it provides an overview of the unique government-to-government process that evolved for the resource management for British Columbia’s North and Central Coast, and the framework for shared decision-making that has been established between the Crown and the Coastal First Nations regarding the three land use planning decisions under investigation.
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Chen, Taizheng, Zhun Chen, Mingjie Tian, and Xi Wang. "Optimization of Land Resource Information Management System Based on Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5172393.

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The business process model of information management is also optimized, while helping the relevant departments using the system to improve their work efficiency. After research and analysis, this paper shows that the land resource information management system can be divided into four functional modules, which are basic land resource information management, land resource land use approval management, official document information management, and office business management, and these modules can effectively complete the work related to land resource management. The full and reasonable use and protection of land resources can ensure the implementation of sustainable development policies, and the development of land resource management is the basic requirement of national modernization and the inevitable trend in the country, and because land resource management covers a large amount of information involving a wide range of information, including information within the scope of work, it is very necessary to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of land resources and information. The information system can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of land resources and information. Information system can effectively improve the development, management, research, and use of land resources; electronic government system can help land resources to obtain accurate analysis and research and detailed access to the ability to understand the status of resources, in the daily changing data information dynamic understanding of the development of information changes, and grasp the latest trends in land resources, the trend of analysis, and monitoring of market resources, to provide customers with reliable decision support. It is a powerful background data guarantee for customers to provide reliable decision support.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land-use approval"

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Štola, Josef. "Srovnání vybraných způsobů ocenění pro nemovitost typu pozemek v lokalitě Znojmo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232489.

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The subject of my thesis is a comparison of selected methods of measurement suitable for land in the Znojmo area, assess the appropriateness of valuation methods in comparison with the cost of actually realized by sale, devise a procedure for pricing and evaluating the most common method of valuation of land in the selected location. For this work I chose the land, the sale was conducted last year by one of Znojmo Realtors.
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Minihan, Erin Smith Shortle J. S. "The impact of ethanol production on agricultural land use in Pennsylvania." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3232/index.html.

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Parker, Barbara. "An evaluation of the applicability of conditions granted for approvals of special consent applications for various land uses within the eThekwini Municipality." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2095.

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Land use management and development control play an important role in achieving integration and sustainability in developing societies such as South Africa today. Town Planning Schemes are generally used as a tool for achieving this by making provision for land uses that are freely permitted, permitted by special consent or prohibited, thereby ensuring that incompatible land uses are not allowed. However, these town planning schemes are interpreted by different officials, with different levels of planning experience and qualification, as well as different opinions in the interpretation, which can result in inconsistency in decision-making and subsequent development patterns. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to investigate a range of special consent applications, the decision-making process applied to them and the applicability of any conditions attached thereto. The spatial focus of this dissertation is the South Municipal Planning Region of the Ethekwini Municipality which was established during the 2000 demarcation process. Inherent is this amalgamation is the fact that there are now thirty eight different town planning schemes in the Municipal area, with nine of them found in the South Municipal Planning Region.
Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
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Hayslett-McCall, Karen L. "Neighborhoods, land-use, and robbery rates a test of routine activity theory /." 2002. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/PSUonlyIndex/ETD-236/index.html.

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Chambers, Judith R. Alter Theordore. "After the planning's over multi-municipal comprehensive plans in Pennsylvania /." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3833/index.html.

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Wang, Li. "Spatial econometric issues in hedonic property value models model choice and endogenous land use /." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1646/index.html.

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Yenerall, Jacqueline Nicole Ready Richard C. "The effects of climate change and biofuel policy on agricultural land use in Pennsylvania." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4023/index.html.

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Buda, Anthony R. "Tracing stream nitrate in a Central Pennsylvania mixed land-use basin using stable isotopes, bacteria, and inorganic chemicals." 2007. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2176/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Land-use approval"

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Davies, H. W. E. The approval of reserved matters following outline planning permission. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Schmidt, Donald J. ANR: Plans not requiring approval under the Subdivision Control Law. [Boston]: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, The Executive Office, 1990.

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Chandos, Ray. Reversing a development approval in the California courts. Fountain Valley, CA: Orange County Fund for Environmental Defense, 1992.

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Montana. Legislature. Legislative Audit Division. Subdivision approval process, Department of Environmental Quality: Performance audit. Helena, MT: Legislative Audit Division, 2000.

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Schmid, Robert L. Environmental and natural resources permits: Federal approval standards and procedures. Salem, N.H: Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1991.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Record of decision for the approval of the amendment of the Yuma District resource management plan. [Yuma, Ariz.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Arizona State Office, Yuma District Office, 1992.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Battle Mountain District. Ruby Hill project: Record of decision and plan of operations approval. Battle Mountain, Nev: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Battle Mountain District, 1997.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Lewistown District. Record of decision and resource management plan summary for the approval of portions of the West HiLine resource management plan and environmental impact statement. Lewistown, Mont.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Lewistown District, 1988.

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Corporation, Canada Mortgage and Housing. Mediation as a tool to resolve land-use disputes : how Kamloops integrated mediation into its land development approval process : Development Services Department, City of Kamloops, British Columbia : case study =: La médiation : un outil de résolution des conflits sur les utilisations des sols : comment Kamloops a intégré la médiation dans son processus d'approbation des projets d'aménagement foncier : Development Services Department, Ville de Kamloops (Colombie-Britannique). Ottawa, Ont: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation = Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement, 1997.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Jackson Field Office. Louisiana: Approved planning analysis decision record. Jackson, Miss: The Office, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land-use approval"

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Dale, Peter, and John McLaughlin. "New Directions in Land Administration." In Land Administration. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233909.003.0017.

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The role of property in fostering good governance, robust economies, and strong civil societies has received fresh attention in the wake of the dramatic global changes that have occurred during the past decade. Innovative and cost effective ways to formalize property rights have emerged, linking these with new strategies and tools for building and maintaining the infrastructure necessary for sustaining a property regime. Land administration functions have been re-engineered and there have been legal reforms that have focused on modernizing, standardizing, and simplifying legislation relating to land and property. There have been new concepts of risk management, the introduction of new technologies, and a variety of organizational reforms. Many of these reforms have been the consequence of political changes, especially as a result of the collapse of communism, the adoption of a market driven approach to the economy and the impact of information technology. The processes of re-engineering have focused on a diverse package of measures dealing with land tenure security, land and property transactions, and access to credit. They have also been concerned with the provision of support for physical planning, the sustainable management and control of land use and of natural resources, and facilitating real property taxation. Internationally funded projects have also been concerned with the protection of the environment, the provision of land for all people whatever their gender but especially for the poor and ethnic minorities, and the prevention of land speculation and the avoidance of land disputes. As Burns et al. have reported: . . . The policy environment for land titling projects is becoming more complex, and a range of issues must now be addressed if a project is to pass through a Multilateral or Bilateral funding agency’s approval process. These include impact on gender, impact on the environment, resettlement requirements and impact on indigenous groups (Burns et al 1996). . . . Gender issues, fix example, are becoming increasingly important with the international funding institutions demanding that gender equity be present both in law and in practice; this requires performance indicators to demonstrate compliance with the regulations.
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Blaesser, Brian W., Clyde W. Forrest, Douglas W. Kmiec, Daniel R. Mandelker, Alan C. Weinstein, and Norman Williams. "Negotiated (Rezoning) Approvals." In Land Use and The Constitution, edited by Brian W. Blaesser and Alan C. Weinstein, 156–59. Routledge, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351179027-18.

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Lund, Christian. "Another Fine Mess." In Nine-Tenths of the Law, 151–74. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300251074.003.0007.

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This chapter studies three neighborhoods in Medan to map out the contentious patterns of legalization of urbanizing land. The city's expansion has largely taken place on land that was once under plantation leases. People and developers have not always waited for the land to be legally released for other purposes, and when leases finally lapsed, new urban neighborhoods or industry, rather than plantation crops, would already stand on it. This produced a legal conundrum. When a plantation lease expired, land would revert to the state of Indonesia. The state would then have several options: renewal of the lease or a change in land use and the issuing of other new leases. Renewal of a plantation lease for a densely built neighborhood spelled trouble, but so did issuing new leases for other land uses. In reality, a third, messier, option was often preferred: inaction, referral, kicking the can down the road, post festum approval, and leaving it to land-hungry people, movements, gangs, companies, soldiers, and government agencies to rough it out.
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Hanson, Royce. "Retrofitting Suburbia." In Suburb. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705250.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the trials, tribulations, and results of planning and managing redevelopment of two activity centers in Montgomery County: Friendship Heights and the Hills and Bethesda. It first considers the decision of the Committee on the Planning, Zoning and Development of Central Business Districts and Transit Station Areas to rethink its development strategy for the twelve Metro station areas under county jurisdiction. It then describes the committee's proposal for three Central Business District zones, called CBD-1, CBD-2, and CBD-3, which secured the approval of the Montgomery County Council. It also discusses the planning politics of Friendship Heights and Bethesda and shows how the two projects provided tests of the legal theories underlying new hybrid zones and for balancing land use with the capacity of public facilities, especially transportation.
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Lorbiecki, Marybeth. "Save That Game: 1915– 1919." In A Fierce Green Fire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0012.

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On January 15, 1915, a week after returning from his father’s funeral and two days before his twenty-eighth birthday, Leopold handed in a memo on how to restore game in District 3. He proposed that Forest Service policy should: • Consider game animals as forest “products” (just as trees are); • Manage the wild species scientifically for count and quality; Set aside land for game refuges where hunting permits would be sold and limited; • Use the profits to pay rangers to work on predator control and enforce state game laws. A plan that covered these points, claimed Leopold, could successfully bring game back to the forests of the Southwest. Ringland gave the memo his ardent approval. He recognized that, in essence, Leopold was asking the Forest Service to expand its definition of its responsibilities, and the proposal had importance for forests nationwide. Ringland advised Leopold to schedule a meeting with a representative from the Washington, DC office, Leon Kneipp. Kneipp rejected Leopold’s plan. The Forest Service would not sink any money into an expensive gamble. Kneipp felt that rangers should protect game out of a sense of public duty, and not expect any pay or time off from their tasks to do so. Nor would the Forest Service set aside land for game refuges until the public demanded it. Needless to say, Leopold was disappointed. The rejection came at a time when he faced head on the shortsightedness of the Forest Service’s policies in the grazing office. Leopold could see no way to encourage new seedlings without granting fewer grazing permits. His supervisor, John Kerr, cared only about revenues. He pushed Leopold to increase the number of permits, as well as to work out the forms and petty details. The two ended up in daily headlocks. Frustration built up in Leopold like a mountain storm. Ringland hated to see one of his most innovative foresters wasted in paperwork. He knew he would lose Leopold if he didn’t act quickly to find a position that suited Aldo’s ambitions and abilities.
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Wei, James. "Safety, Health, and Environment." In Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0016.

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There was a time when the primary concerns of the product engineers were the needs of the buyers and consumers of their products, and they concentrated most of their efforts on design and manufacture of products with the goal of meeting their requirements and approval. A product will certainly fail if it does not have the steady and continued confidence of the consumers. The CPI, just like any other industry at that time, were accountable mostly to the consumers. This was a two-party transaction, where the buyer gave the seller money in return for a satisfactory product. This form of two-party transaction is no longer valid, as there are many bystanders whose welfare can be damaged in the transaction and their welfare must also be safeguarded. The manufacturing and marketing of chemical products is now a multiparty transaction, as the public and the governments have forcefully placed themselves into part of the bargain. The product engineers must become cradle-to-grave stewards of their products, and must solve many safety and environmental problems: from the extraction of raw material from farms and mines, to transportation on land and over water, to manufacturing in plants, to use in the customers hands, and finally to recycle back to nature. Before you begin to design the product, you need to focus your attention on the customer and their needs, but you also need to focus your attention on the potential hazards that the product poses to the safety and health of your workforces and the neighbors, and to the environment. You need some familiarity with the history of past mistakes, with the current government regulations, and with methods to deal with these potential problems. Over a long period of history, commercial transactions were primarily a two-party affair, between the seller and the buyer. In the last few decades, a third party has forcefully entered into the transaction, based on concerns about safety and the environment, and on public opinion and government regulations. This is shown in figure 10.1.
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Ross, Andrew. "Land for the Free." In Bird on Fire. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199828265.003.0013.

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In November 2006, just as the real estate bubble was running out of hot air, Arizona voters approved a proposition with drastic consequences for land-use regulation. Proposition 207 was promoted as a property-rights initiative that barred municipalities from taking private property through eminent domain for some other private development. In this respect, it was a direct response to the Supreme Court’s 2005 Kelo ruling, which had partially legalized such powers. But a more far-reaching, and less publicized, provision of the Arizona proposition required local governments to compensate property owners if a government action, such as a zoning change or enactment of an environmental or other land-use law, led to a drop in the property’s value. Bankrolled by Howard Rich, a libertarian developer tycoon from New York, the initiative was pushed onto the ballot in several states, but Arizona voters were the only ones to bite. Passage of the proposition put a large question mark over all plans to alter land use in the state. Fear of lawsuits that could drain their coffers prompted city officials to think twice about making any changes to zoning ordinances, the bread and butter of municipal planning. More comprehensive eff orts at regulating fringe growth or re-urbanizing downtown areas were beset by uncertainty about the newly hostile legal landscape. Prop 207 was the latest, and most urban, challenge to the exercise of government power over land use in the West. The Sagebrush rebellion of the 1970s and 1980s, which pushed for more local control over public land holdings, was a rural assault on federal regulatory efforts such as the protection of environmentally sensitive land as wilderness. The ensuing rise of the anti-takings movement, launched by Richard Epstein’s 1985 book, Takings : Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain was also directed against government support for environmentally minded initiatives like smart growth. Fallout from these backlashes turned the West into a prime zone of conflict over land use.
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Herrmann, Rachel B. "Black Loyalist Hunger Prevention in Sierra Leone." In No Useless Mouth, 178–99. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501716119.003.0009.

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This chapter describes how, from 1792 to 1800, black colonists in Freetown, Sierra Leone—also referred to hereafter as “black Loyalists” and “Nova Scotians”—won several battles in the fight against black hunger. The Nova Scotians arrived in Africa in 1792 imbued with a sense of how to use food laws to exert dominance, and within half a decade, they had learned to behave as British subjects entitled to enforce that power. Whereas in Nova Scotia white Loyalists' food laws had controlled former bondpeople's access to food, in Sierra Leone, black colonists gained the right to enact their own antihunger rules, which white colonists uniformly approved, beginning in 1793. These Nova Scotians fought famine first by regulating their trade in alcohol, bread, fish, and meat. Later, the black Loyalists tried to regulate the trade of Africans, particularly Susu and Temne. These laws enabled former victual warriors to try to become victual imperialists by altering African food sales while occupying African land. This attempt failed because violent Temne and Susu reactions to colonists' price-fixing encouraged white councilmen in Sierra Leone to curtail black Loyalist lawmaking; those councilmen would later try to interfere with Africans' trade.
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Boarnet, Marlon, and Randall C. Crane. "A Case Study of Planning." In Travel by Design. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195123951.003.0014.

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The facts, figures, and inferences in chapter 7 regarding municipal behavior toward transit-oriented housing opportunities illustrate many points. Still, there is much that even a careful statistical analysis might miss or misunderstand. For that reason, we also explored what we could learn by talking to real planners about these issues. The case of San Diego is interesting and useful for several reasons. First, the San Diego Trolley is the oldest of the current generation of light rail projects in the United States. Unlike many newer systems, the age of San Diego’s rail transit (the South Line opened in 1981) allows time for land use planning to respond to the fixed investment. Second, the San Diego system is no stranger to modern transit-based planning ideas. The San Diego City Council approved a land-use plan for their stations that includes many of the ideas promoted by transit-oriented development (TOD) advocates (City of San Diego, 1992). Third, the light rail transit (LRT) authority in San Diego County, the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB), is often regarded as one of the more successful municipal LRT agencies. The initial parts of the MTDB rail transit system were constructed strictly with state and local funds, using readily available, relatively low-cost technology (Demoro and Harder, 1989, p. 6). Portions of San Diego’s system have high fare-box recovery rates, including the South Line, which in its early years recovered as much as 90 percent of operating costs at the fare box (Gómez-Ibáñez, 1985). All of these factors make San Diego potentially a “best-case” example of TOD implementation. When generalizing from this case study, it is important to remember that the transit station area development process in San Diego is likely better developed than in many other urban areas in the United States. The results from San Diego County can illustrate general issues that, if they have not already been encountered, might soon become important in other urban areas with rail transit systems. Also, given San Diego County’s longer history of both LRT and TOD when compared with most other regions, any barriers identified in San Diego County might be even more important elsewhere.
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Conference papers on the topic "Land-use approval"

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Nilsen, Birgir. "Type Approval for UV based system, USGC vs IMO." In IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.002.

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Optimarin AS, a pioneer in ballast water treatment, has become the first system supplier to receive the USCG Type Approval (TA) Letter meeting the most stringent US Coast Guard test requirements. In a series of land-based tests, both the standard Most Probable Number (MPN) (regrowth) method and the more exacting technique known as FDA/CMFDA, or ‘instant kill’, benchmark was successfully assessed. Testing of the Optimarin system was carried out by DNV GL at the Norwegian Institute of Water Reseearch (NIVA) test facility in Norway. The system was also tested in parallel on a bulk carrier trading worldwide for the ship board portion of the TA testing. Optimarin's objective has been to keep the system that have been TA under the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regime as is so that existing users can continue to use it as a USCG TA system. This paper details the challenges and differences with the USCG required Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) test protocol versus the existing and new G8 test protocol used for IMO TA testing, especially the challenges using Ultraviolet (UV) to meet the CMFDA counting method for organism between 10 to 50 μm.
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Nelson, Roger, and Alton D. Harris. "A National Perspective: Establishing and Implementing a Characterization Program in the U.S. for Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7129.

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The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for waste management from nuclear weapons production and operates the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) for permanent disposal of defense-generated transuranic waste (TRU), as authorized by Congress in 1979. Radioactive waste in the U.S. has historically been managed in one of two ways depending on its penetrating radiation dose rate. Waste with surface dose rates above 200 millirem/hour (0.002 sievert/hour) and waste that has been managed remotely (remote-handled). In 1992, Congress passed the WIPP Land Withdrawal Act, which created the regulatory framework under which DOE was to operate the facility, and authorized disposal of waste up to 1,000 rems/hour (10 Sievert/hour). Subsequently, DOE submitted applications to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), at the Federal level, for certification to operate WIPP, and to the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED), at the State level, for a hazardous waste permit. Both applications described the characterization methods that DOE proposed to use to ensure only compliant waste was shipped to WIPP. No distinction was employed in these methods concerning the surface dose rate from the waste. During the applications review, both regulatory agencies came to the conclusion in their approval that DOE had not demonstrated that remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) waste could be adequately characterized. Therefore, WIPP was only granted approval to begin waste disposal operations of waste with surface dose rates less than 200 millirem/hour (0.002 sievert/hour) — or contact-handled transuranic (CH-TRU) waste. Emplacement of CH-TRU waste in WIPP began March 26, 1999. However, WIPP was designed for disposal of both CH- and RH-TRU waste, with the RH-TRU waste in canisters emplaced in the walls of the underground disposal rooms and CH-TRU waste in containers in the associated open drifts. Therefore, as disposal rooms filled with CH-TRU waste, the space along the walls for RH-TRU waste disposal was lost. This made removal of the regulatory prohibition on RH-TRU waste a very high priority, and DOE immediately began an iterative process to change the two regulatory bases for RH-TRU waste disposal. These changes focused on how DOE could rely on CH-TRU characterization methods for adequate characterization of RH-TRU waste. On January 23, 2007, the first shipment of RH-TRU waste was finally received at WIPP. The revised EPA certification and NMED permit now both consider all waste characterization methods to be equally effective when applied to either CH- or RH-TRU waste, as DOE maintained in the original applications over 10 years ago.
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Cloma, Clint A., and Lorie Cris S. Asube. "Conformity of Urban Development to the Approved Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Butuan City." In TENCON 2020 - 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293880.

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PARSOVA, Velta, and Edvins KAPOSTINS. "LAND POLICY IN LATVIA: IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF RESULTS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.046.

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The use and protection of land are essential for the development and existence of any country. Therefore it is necessary to develop a national policy for rational administration and management of the land, because at least 20 % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can be obtained from the land, real property and construction. One of the main aims of the Sustainable Development Strategy of the European Union is environmental protection, at the same time maintaining capacity of land to support life in all its diversity, bearing in mind that natural resources are limited. The challenge is to ensure environmental protection and improvement of the environment, to promote sustainable production and consumption in order to break the link between economic growth and environmental degradation. This can be achieved by improving the effectiveness of management of resources as well as avoiding over-exploitation of renewable or non-renewable natural resources and stopping the loss of biodiversity. In 2008 in Latvia the Land Policy Guidelines for the time period till 2014 were approved defining the national policy in land use as well as determining activities for promotion of sustainable land use. The article analyzes the problems of land use, the aims set in the land policy and the achieved results as well as gives recommendations for further development of the land policy.
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Myachina, Ksenya V. "PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN STEPPE LANDSCAPES CAUSED BY OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-57-59.

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The depth and scale of man-made transformations of steppe landscapes in the course of oil and gas production remain underestimated. The sites provided for the development of oil and gas fields are not allocated to a separate category of the Russian Land Fund . Often there is a mismanagement of subsoil companies to the plots provided to them, provoked by the loyal attitude of the Supervisory authorities. Approved projects of oil and gas development often demonstrate minor significance of section on assessing the impact on the environment. Optimization of this type of land use becomes necessary at this stage of oil and gas production development.
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BACIOR, Stanisław, Barbara PRUS, and Małgorzata DUDZIŃSKA. "MODELING OF THE OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF MOTORWAY OVERPASSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE A4 MOTORWAY SECTION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.112.

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The developed, innovative method of estimating the impact of motorway on agricultural land allows determination of all the losses associated with the directions of this impact. The basis for the determination of losses is the analysis of variability in land use and the quality classes and location of access roads to the land along the axis of the planned motorway. The approved measure of the multidirectional impact of the motorway on agricultural land is a change in the value of land, which is designated taking into account the differentiation of their suitability for agricultural production. The developed method of determining the impact of motorway on agricultural land was presented on the example of A4 motorway section between Bratkowice and Mrowla. The existing section of motorway was assessed and then for the same section the calculations were made again, but with an alternative location of the motorway overpasses. In the case of the existing section, the construction of one kilometer of the section of motorway under consideration will result in a reduction in the value of agricultural land of 1725 cereal units. Acquisition of land for the construction of the motorway and its negative impact cover about 69% of the total reduction in value of agricultural land. The remaining 31% of the land value reduction is related to the increase in transport and the deterioration of the parcels layout. On the other hand, in the case of the section with alternative arrangement of viaducts, the value of agricultural land is reduced of 1538 cereal units. Acquisition of land under construction and its toxic impact will be equal 75%, while the combined effect of transport growth and deterioration of the layout makes 25%.
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Moses, Clifford A., and Petrus N. J. Roets. "Properties, Characteristics, and Combustion Performance of Sasol Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50545.

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In 1999, as the only inland petroleum refinery in South Africa was reaching capacity, Sasol gained approval of a semi-synthetic jet fuel (SSJF) for civil aviation to augment production and meet the growing demand for jet fuel at the airport in Johannesburg. Prior to this, all jet fuel had to be refined from petroleum sources. SSJF consists of up to 50% of an iso-paraffinic kerosene produced from coal using Fischer-Tropsch processes. The production of SSJF remains vulnerable to the production capacity of conventional jet fuel, however. To ensure supply, Sasol has proposed producing a fully synthetic jet fuel (FSJF) using synthetic kerosene streams that contain aromatics and satisfy all the property requirements of international specifications for jet fuel. Being fully synthetic, it was necessary to demonstrate that the fuel is “fit-for-purpose” as jet fuel, i.e., behaves like conventional jet fuel in all aspects of storage and handling as well as air worthiness and flight safety. Four sample blends were developed covering the practical range of production. Extensive tests on chemistry and physical properties and characteristics demonstrated that Sasol FSJF will be typical of conventional jet fuel. As a final demonstration, the engine manufacturers requested a series of engine and combustor tests to evaluate combustion characteristics, emissions, engine durability, and performance. The performance of the synthetic test fuel was typical of conventional jet fuel. This paper identifies the tests and presents the results demonstrating that Sasol fully synthetic jet fuel is fit-for-purpose as jet fuel for civilian aviation. Sasol FSJF is the first fully synthetic jet fuel approved for unrestricted use.
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Buszynski, Mario E. "Public Issues Associated With Planning a Large Diameter Pipeline in a Multi-Use Urban Corridor." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0142.

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The lack of foresight by municipalities and others in preserving corridors for utilities means that there are increasingly fewer opportunities to locate linear facilities in large urban centers such as the City of Toronto. In those corridors that do exist, there are competing land uses that make it difficult to accommodate any new use. Many of these land uses are directly related to the people living adjacent to and in the vicinity of the corridors. In 2003, the Ontario Energy Board approved new “Environmental Guidelines for the Location, Construction and Operation of Hydrocarbon Pipelines and Facilities in Ontario”. The Guidelines include specific new requirements for planning pipelines in urban areas. Among other things, these new requirements involve the identification of indirectly affected landowners and a more detailed analysis of public issues and how they were resolved. Through the use of a case study, this paper identifies the public issues that were encountered in planning the location of a NPS 36 (Nominal Pipe Size 914 mm or 36 inch diameter) natural gas pipeline through residential neighbourhoods in the City of Toronto and the Town of Markham. It also describes how the public involvement requirements contained in the Ontario Energy Board’s new guidelines were incorporated into the planning process. The case study begins with a rationale for the study area selected. A description of the public issues follows. The techniques used to address these issues and the success of the public involvement program that identified 180 directly affected and 3,200 indirectly affected landowners is documented. The study results illustrate that it is possible to plan a right-of-way through an urban corridor in such a manner as to satisfy the general public, be compatible with existing development, conform to the new Ontario Energy Board Guidelines and minimize the amount of remedial work required to mitigate the impacts occurring on and adjacent to the right-of-way.
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Schneider, Jerry, Jeffrey Wagner, and Judy Connell. "Restoring Public Trust While Tearing Down Site in Rural Ohio." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7319.

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In the mid-1980s, the impact of three decades of uranium processing near rural Fernald, Ohio, 18 miles northwest of Cincinnati, became the centre of national public controversy. When a series of incidents at the uranium foundry brought to light the years of contamination to the environment and surrounding farmland communities, local citizens’ groups united and demanded a role in determining the plans for cleaning up the site. One citizens’ group, Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH), formed in 1984 following reports that nearly 300 pounds of enriched uranium oxide had been released from a dust-collector system, and three off-property wells south of the site were contaminated with uranium. For 22 years, FRESH monitored activities at Fernald and participated in the decision-making process with management and regulators. The job of FRESH ended on 19 January this year when the U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson — flanked by local, state, and national elected officials, and citizen-led environmental watchdog groups including FRESH — officially declared the Fernald Site clean of all nuclear contamination and open to public access. It marked the end of a remarkable turnaround in public confidence and trust that had attracted critical reports from around the world: the Cincinnati Enquirer; U.S. national news programs 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, and 48 Hours; worldwide media outlets from the British Broadcasting Company and Canadian Broadcasting Company; Japanese newspapers; and German reporters. When personnel from Fluor arrived in 1992, the management team thought it understood the issues and concerns of each stakeholder group, and was determined to implement the decommissioning scope of work aggressively, confident that stakeholders would agree with its plans. This approach resulted in strained relationships with opinion leaders during the early months of Fluor’s contract. To forge better relationships, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) who owns the site, and Fluor embarked on three new strategies based on engaging citizens and interested stakeholder groups in the decision-making process. The first strategy was opening communication channels with site leadership, technical staff, and regulators. This strategy combined a strong public-information program with two-way communications between management and the community, soliciting and encouraging stakeholder participation early in the decision-making process. Fluor’s public-participation strategy exceeded the “check-the-box” approach common within the nuclear-weapons complex, and set a national standard that stands alone today. The second stakeholder-engagement strategy sprang from mending fences with the regulators and the community. The approach for dispositioning low-level waste was a 25-year plan to ship it off the site. Working with stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to convince the community to accept a plan to safely store waste permanently on site, which would save 15 years of cleanup and millions of dollars in cost. The third strategy addressed the potentially long delays in finalizing remedial action plans due to formal public comment periods and State and Federal regulatory approvals. Working closely with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) and other stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to secure approvals of five Records of Decision on time – a first for the DOE complex. Developing open and honest relationships with union leaders, the workforce, regulators and community groups played a major role in DOE and Fluor cleaning up and closing the site. Using lessons learned at Fernald, DOE was able to resolve challenges at other sites, including worker transition, labour disputes, and damaged relationships with regulators and the community. It took significant time early in the project to convince the workforce that their future lay in cleanup, not in holding out hope for production to resume. It took more time to repair relationships with Ohio regulators and the local community. Developing these relationships over the years required constant, open communications between site decision makers and stakeholders to identify issues and to overcome potential barriers. Fluor’s open public-participation strategy resulted in stakeholder consensus of five remedial-action plans that directed Fernald cleanup. This strategy included establishing a public-participation program that emphasized a shared-decision making process and abandoned the government’s traditional, non-participatory “Decide, Announce, Defend” approach. Fernald’s program became a model within the DOE complex for effective public participation. Fluor led the formation of the first DOE site-specific advisory board dedicated to remediation and closure. The board was successful at building consensus on critical issues affecting long-term site remediation, such as cleanup levels, waste disposal and final land use. Fluor created innovative public outreach tools, such as “Cleanopoly,” based on the Monopoly game, to help illustrate complex concepts, including risk levels, remediation techniques, and associated costs. These innovative tools helped DOE and Fluor gain stakeholder consensus on all cleanup plans. To commemorate the outstanding commitment of Fernald stakeholders to this massive environmental-restoration project, Fluor donated $20,000 to build the Weapons to Wetlands Grove overlooking the former 136-acre production area. The grove contains 24 trees, each dedicated to “[a] leader(s) behind the Fernald cleanup.” Over the years, Fluor, through the Fluor Foundation, also invested in educational and humanitarian projects, contributing nearly $2 million to communities in southwestern Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Further, to help offset the economic impact of the site’s closing to the community, DOE and Fluor promoted economic development in the region by donating excess equipment and property to local schools and townships. This paper discusses the details of the public-involvement program — from inception through maturity — and presents some lessons learned that can be applied to other similar projects.
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Reports on the topic "Land-use approval"

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Comparing international approaches to food safety regulation of GM and Novel Foods. Food Standards Agency, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.rdg239.

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The global area of genetically modified (GM) crop production has considerably increased over the past two decades, with GM crops now cultivated in about 28 countries, accounting for over 10% of the world’s arable land. A 'novel food' is any food or substance that has not been used for human consumption to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997. Since then, there has been over 90 novel foods authorisations approved for use by the EU. Novel foods and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are subject to a large variation in regulatory approaches around the world, for which many countries have specifically developed their own regulatory frameworks to control the placement of such products on their markets.
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