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Journal articles on the topic 'Land-use approval'
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1
McDaniels, Timothy L., and Karen Thomas. "Eliciting preferences for land use alternatives: A structured value referendum with approval voting." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 18, no. 2 (1999): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199921)18:2<264::aid-pam4>3.0.co;2-f.
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McLeod, Donald M., Jody Woirhaye, and Dale J. Menkhaus. "Factors Influencing Support for Rural Land Use Control: A Case Study." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 28, no. 1 (April 1999): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000964.
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Agricultural land is being converted into rural residences at an unprecedented rate in the Inter-mountain West. Survey data have been collected for Sublette County, Wyoming concerning preferences for private land use and land use controls. Selected land use controls include zoning, purchase of development rights and cluster development. Local in-migration appears to be driven by the pursuit of open space and environmental amenities. Logit models are estimated for public and private choice co-variates. Private concerns about land use are the chief determinants of land use control approval.
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Park, Shin-Won, Sang-Hee Choi, and Young-Tae Cho. "A Research on the Application of Eco-Friendly Approval Criteria in Forest Land-use." LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5804/lhij.2012.3.1.033.
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He, Xin, and Chun Hui Yang. "Non-Cooperative Game Between Governments and Landlord in Land Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.605.
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The game between central government local government and land user were structured and analyzed. The aim is to explore the equilibrium strategies between policy maker, executor and target groups in the process of policy making and implementing in land planning. The reasonable planning and approval system should be established to solve the current problems in land use, the overall interests of the regions should be considered from the perspective land use planning.
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LINDSAY, KATE M., CLARK P. SVRCEK, and DANIEL W. SMITH. "EVALUATION OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT INFRIENDS OF THE WEST COUNTRY ASSOCIATIONv.CANADAAND LAND USE PLANNING ALTERNATIVES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 04, no. 02 (June 2002): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146433320200098x.
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In 1994, Sunpine Forest Products Ltd. sought permits from Alberta government to construct a permanent log hauling road and approvals from the federal government for construction of required bridges associated with the road. A concerned citizens group challenged the Federal Government's subsequent bridge approvals in court, claiming that cumulative effects assessment was not adequately conducted under Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. The original Sunpine court decision agreed with the citizen group that the federal government erred in law by not including related projects and adequately considering associated cumulative effects, sending the approval back to the federal government for reconsideration. Government regulators, industrial foresters, and environmental groups across Canada awaited the appeal to the Sunpine federal court decision. The Sunpine Appeal reversed the original position with much relief from industry and government. The Sunpine case raises important issues about how federal and provincial authorities address environmental impacts, uncertainty in scoping assessments, factors to be considered, and cumulative effect assessments. This paper evaluates the cumulative effects assessment processes followed in the Sunpine case study under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act within an analysis framework of comprehensiveness, fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness. Land use planning models, like the British Columbia land resource management plans and Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act, offer alternative approaches to legislated cumulative effects processes. Sustainability may be better realised with a combination of strategic environmental assessment tools, utilising environmental assessment at the project-level within the context of a regional resource planning process.
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Meng, Y., Y. Cao, H. Tian, and Z. Han. "THE IDENTIFICATION OF LAND UTILIZATION IN COASTAL RECLAMATION AREAS IN TIANJIN USING HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1275-2018.
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In recent decades, land reclamation activities have been developed rapidly in Chinese coastal regions, especially in Bohai Bay. The land reclamation areas can effectively alleviate the contradiction between land resources shortage and human needs, but some idle lands that left unused after the government making approval the usage of sea areas are also supposed to pay attention to. Due to the particular features of land coverage identification in large regions, traditional monitoring approaches are unable to perfectly meet the needs of effectively and quickly land use classification. In this paper, Gaofen-1 remotely sensed satellite imagery data together with sea area usage ownership data were used to identify the land use classifications and find out the idle land resources. It can be seen from the result that most of the land use types and idle land resources can be identified precisely.
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LIM, Tai Wei. "Housing Policies in Hong Kong." East Asian Policy 12, no. 01 (January 2020): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930520000094.
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Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam presented her housing policies at the 2019 annual address in broad strokes, including using ordinances to resume undeveloped land in accordance with the law. The Hong Kong government could use its regulatory power as disincentives for private development of land given the highly bureaucratic, time-consuming and expensive land development approval process. The Hong Kong government would also work jointly with private sector landlords to potentially develop public housing and profit-driven projects, which would then be negotiated based on the Hong Kong government’s terms and conditions.
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Didkovskaya, Olga V., Aleksey Y. Bocharov, Marina V. Ilyina, and Olga A. Mamaeva. "Normative and economic foundations of high-rise construction in the city of Samara." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303011.
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Every year the number of free land plots for construction of buildings is steadily decreasing in cities. In this regard, the participants in the investment and construction process are increasingly seeking to maximize the use of land. A logical way for this is to use high-rise construction. However, until recently, builders encountered serious obstacles in the form of lack of special norms and rules for the design of high-rise buildings. It led to the need for individual coordination of each high-rise facility, the development and approval of special technical conditions, the passage of numerous administrative approvals. Thus, investment activity regarding the construction of high-rise buildings in the Russian Federation is reduced. In 2016, there were regulatory changes that substantially alleviated these difficulties. In this article, the authors analyze the features of the town-planning normative-legal field of high-rise construction and its development, track the interrelations between the regulatory regulation of the construction of similar facilities, with the real need, the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of their construction in the urban district of Samara. Conclusions and suggestions are also based on the analysis of the norms of urban zoning, the residential real estate market and the value of land plots.
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Bird, Laura Marie. "Crown–Coastal First Nation governance of the Great Bear Rainforest: An introduction to my research." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 05 (October 2012): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-100.
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This article introduces a 2011 Master’s thesis that undertook two objectives. First, it assesses whether the Coastal First Nations, a coalition of First Nations on the coast of British Columbia, have acquired a share of governmental decision-making authority for three types of decisions: land use zones, ecosystem-based management (EBM) operating rules, and approval of operational plans. Second, it provides an overview of the unique government-to-government process that evolved for the resource management for British Columbia’s North and Central Coast, and the framework for shared decision-making that has been established between the Crown and the Coastal First Nations regarding the three land use planning decisions under investigation.
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Chen, Taizheng, Zhun Chen, Mingjie Tian, and Xi Wang. "Optimization of Land Resource Information Management System Based on Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5172393.
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The business process model of information management is also optimized, while helping the relevant departments using the system to improve their work efficiency. After research and analysis, this paper shows that the land resource information management system can be divided into four functional modules, which are basic land resource information management, land resource land use approval management, official document information management, and office business management, and these modules can effectively complete the work related to land resource management. The full and reasonable use and protection of land resources can ensure the implementation of sustainable development policies, and the development of land resource management is the basic requirement of national modernization and the inevitable trend in the country, and because land resource management covers a large amount of information involving a wide range of information, including information within the scope of work, it is very necessary to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of land resources and information. The information system can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of land resources and information. Information system can effectively improve the development, management, research, and use of land resources; electronic government system can help land resources to obtain accurate analysis and research and detailed access to the ability to understand the status of resources, in the daily changing data information dynamic understanding of the development of information changes, and grasp the latest trends in land resources, the trend of analysis, and monitoring of market resources, to provide customers with reliable decision support. It is a powerful background data guarantee for customers to provide reliable decision support.
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Koshkalda, Iryna, Tetiana Anopriienko, Maryna Pilicheva, and Lubov Maslii. "Methodology of Application of Modern Technologies in Land Inventory of Territorial Communities." Baltic Surveying 14 (July 3, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2021.14.002.
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The article defines that the land inventory allows to form land plots of state and communal property, to fill the State Land Cadastre with information about objects and subjects of land relations and to eliminate existing errors. The aim of the article is to improve the procedure of conducting the land inventory in Ukraine, taking into account modern technologies within the current regulatory framework. The methodology of land inventory using modern technologies has been developed, which includes the following components: surveying of the inventory object, topographic and geodetic works, vectorization of its territory using remote sensing data, project works, creation of a consolidated inventory plan, development of technical documentation, its state expertise, adjustment and approval, entering data into the State Land Cadastre. It is established that an effective method of implementation of topographic and geodetic works during updating of the cartographic materials is a combined method, which includes the use of aerial images with simultaneous geodetic surveying of complex areas. The use of geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data is allowed to optimize the duration and frequency of land inventory. In particular, the classification of land should be performed in the attribute tables. Ways to solve problems of protection and rational use of the lands of the inventory object have been developed. They include registration of land plots without cadastral numbers; control of compliance of land and environmental legislation, taking into account the results of land inventory for updating statistical cadastral information and making changes of the State Land Cadastre data.
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Dwi Oga, Mochammad Yefrie, and Lathifah Hanim. "The Role Of Land Deed Official (PPAT) In Application Of Transfer Function On Agricultural Land To Be Non- Agricultural In Tegal (Certificate Study Of Ownership Right Number 998 / Pakembaran)." Jurnal Akta 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v6i2.5064.
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The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) The role of the Land Deed Official (PPAT) in registration of rights to land conversion of agricultural to non-agricultural to residential in Tegal. 2) The procedure of registration of land rights over the function of agricultural to non-agricultural to residential in Tegal. 3) Obstacles and solutions of conversion rights over agricultural land into non-agricultural to residential in Tegal. This study uses empirical juridical approach or socio-legal research. Data collected through literature, observation and interviews. Based on data analysis concluded that: 1) The role of PPAT in enrollment over the function of rights over agricultural land into non-agricultural to residential houses which provide information on the law relating to the procedure of land conversion and registration of land rights after deters conversion and the making of letters or deeds relating for their particular legal acts such as the breakdown of plot, behind the name, as well as buying and selling land. 2) The procedure of registration of land rights over the function of agricultural to non-agricultural to residential implemented through several stages of the formation of the assessment team, the assessment of land use change object, the trial of the determination, the recommendations and the issuance of a decision on approval of land use changes. 3) Obstacles and solutions in the conversion of agricultural land rights into non-agricultural to residential namely population growth, land agricultural diminishing and changing the status of land use. The solution in the conversion of rights over agricultural land into non-agricultural to residential houses of government is more emphasis on the rules on agricultural land and non-agricultural order later on agricultural land does not decrease faster than society itself should be aware of the importance of agricultural for food security community own.Keywords: Notary / PPAT; Role; Registration; Transfer Function; Land.
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Avrunev, Evgeny, and Danila Blokhin. "GIS SOFTWARE TO ESTABLISH THE BOUNDARIES OF AN EASEMENT IN THE TERRITORIAL EDUCATION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 2 (2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-3-2-3-11.
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The article deals with the technology of joint application of geographical information systems (GIS) MapInfo Professional and CREDO Transform for the purpose of establishing the boundaries of the easement on the land without cadastral works and without its registration in Rosreestr. According to the results of research in the field of GIS and effective regulation of land and property relations, in terms of the establishment of easement is necessary: 1) implement the use of GIS MapInfo Professional and CREDO Transform in the administrations of municipalities and public institutions competent in the provision and registration of land; 2) to Improve the skills of public sector employees, including civil servants, competent in matters of registration and provision of land plots in terms of the use of MapInfo Professional and CREDO Transform; 3) fix at the legislative level and to develop a technique of application of GIS regarding carrying out cadastral works without carrying out geodetic works on the district with the approval in the Ministry of justice of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation.
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Ryder, John L., Philippa McNeil, Jeff Hamm, Wendy A. Nixon, Don Russell, and Shawn R. Francis. "An integrated assessment of Porcupine caribou seasonal distribution, movements, and habitat preferences for regional land use planning in northern Yukon Territory, Canada." Rangifer 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.27.4.353.
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This study was undertaken to improve understanding of Porcupine caribou herd distribution, movements, and habitat preferences to assist with developing a regional land use plan for the North Yukon Planning Region, Yukon Territory. Three different methods were used to identify current and historical patterns of caribou distribution and habitat preferences within the region to prioritize conservation areas. Two of the approaches focused on incorporating information on caribou distribution and migrations from scientific and local knowledge, while the third focused on identifying and mapping habitats suitable for supporting caribou. Local knowledge dating back to the 1930s and two decades of satellite telemetry data confirmed that most of the planning region is used by the Porcupine caribou herd and highlighted areas of concentrated use. Maps of suitable winter habitat derived from expert opinion ratings of habitat use did not agree with the other information sources. The local knowledge and satellite telemetry analyses were used to identify spatially explicit priority areas for caribou conservation and the results were applied to develop conservation recommendations for a draft regional land use plan. The plan will be submitted to government approval bodies for review in the spring of 2007. The success in implementing conservation strategies for the Porcupine caribou herd will be reviewed and evaluated following adoption of a final approved plan.
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de Tores, Paul J., and Sue Elscot. "Estimating the population size of a threatened arboreal marsupial: use of distance sampling to dispense with ad hoc survey techniques." Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10090.
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Context. Long-term land-use decisions potentially affecting the conservation status of rare fauna are often based on a dearth of relevant biological information and population estimates are regularly derived from ad hoc methodologies. This can significantly affect the outcomes from development assessment and approval processes. Aim. Our aims were to apply distance-sampling techniques to derive robust, quantitative estimates of the population size of a threatened arboreal marsupial, the western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis Thomas, 1888), demonstrate the advantages of this approach and, in doing so, provide conservation managers, decision makers and consultants with a reliable framework for surveying the species. Methods. We used line-transect sampling to derive estimates of density and abundance for P. occidentalis at two sites in south-western Western Australia where estimates were previously derived through ad hoc techniques. Key results. Our findings support the assertion that previous surveys of P. occidentalis populations have underestimated the population size to a varying extent at both of our survey sites. Land-use and development-application decisions have previously been based on similar surveys. Conclusions. Distance sampling, if applied routinely when surveying P. occidentalis, will reduce the uncertainty associated with derived estimates of abundance. Implications. Appropriate use of distance-sampling methods will enable managers and decision makers to assess more quantitatively the potential effect from, and place appropriate approval conditions on, proposals that modify or destroy P. occidentalis habitat. The use of the program Distance will enable such decisions to be based on robust, repeatable estimates of population size, with quantified confidence limits and variance estimates.
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Bai, Yang, Wei Zhou, Yanjun Guan, Xue Li, Baohua Huang, Fengchun Lei, Hong Yang, and Wenmin Huo. "Evolution of Policy Concerning the Readjustment of Inefficient Urban Land Use in China Based on a Content Analysis Method." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030797.
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In a 21st century context characterized by the inefficient use of urban construction land, to optimize land use structure and transform resource utilization methods, it is necessary for the Chinese government to improve land use efficiency. Promoting the readjustment of inefficient urban land use has become essential. The purpose of this paper is to sort through the policies addressing the readjustment of inefficient urban land use in China, identify the promulgation date, longitudinal hierarchy, and horizontal composition of the relevant policies, and summarize the evolutionary trend of such policies. This study aims to provide a reference for the adjustment and improvement of relevant policy systems in China. The content analysis method was used in this study, and NVivo 12 software was used to compare and verify the analysis process. The results show the following: (1) A large number of relevant policies have been promulgated, with a total of 12 items from 1988 to 2012, increasing to six items annually on average from 2013 to 2019. The Communist Party of China Central Committee, the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic, the State Council and relevant ministries promulgated 13.46%, 11.54%, 28.85%, and 46.15%, respectively, of the relevant policies. (2) The existing policies are mostly issued in the form of notices, opinions, management regulations, etc.; therefore, their level of effectiveness is low, and the role of norms is weak. (3) Finally, the policy content experienced stages of initial exploration, basic establishment, and continuous improvement. It also covered aspects such as Standard Control, Market Configuration, Overall Planning, Incentive Mechanisms, Income Distribution, and Supervision Evaluation. The system for policies addressing readjustment of inefficient urban land use has basically been perfected, although post approval supervision still needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the process of readjusting inefficient urban land use should be optimized, new modes of readjustment should be constantly explored, and inefficient land use should be addressed across the entire territory.
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Salmanova, R., and R. Ismailova. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE BUSINESS PROCESS FOR THE PROVISION OF LAND FOR THE CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.156.
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The issue of efficient use of the land, as well as obtaining land from the government is one of the urgent issues in Kazakhstan. The article assesses the current system of public services “Provision of a land plot for the construction of a facility within the boundaries of a populated locality” This public service is provided for the construction of social facilities or the implementation of investor projects that are necessary for economic development. During the analysis, problems such as duplication of functions made by state bodies, dysfunctional system of request according to the principle of “One window”, bureaucracy for the consideration and the approval of a package of documents for granting the land plot were identified. To solve these problems, it was proposed to optimize the business processes of the public service “Provision of a land plot for the construction of a facility within the boundaries of a populated locality”, which allowed reducing the time, excluding duplicate functions, and increasing the transparency of the activities of state bodies.
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Ismail, Mahli. "The Problem of Property Rights to Land Acquisition of State (Jurisprudence and Conditions in Land National Law)." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.393.
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This study aims to answer the problem of construct and control of the state land by various parties to acquire the property. Structurally scholars of jurisprudence establishof three procedures, such as identification, turn and obtain approval from the government to acquire the property. While the provisions of the National Agrarian Land Legislation of Indonesia set-up of property rights happen in three ways; the determination of the government, the provision of conversion and based on customary law. These requirements include the identification of former state land and wastelands and conditions, cultivation way, and obtaining permission from the government. While distinctive occur in terms designation and use of land in the Treasury Office into the absolute requirement for bookkeeping administrative enforcement of land rights. While the jurisprudence is not required certain types of plants or buildings in the enforcement of land rights administration books. While in general terms there should be plants and buildings as well as the limits of the fence is needed as a requirement in jurisprudence. While at the acreage requirement in the Treasury Office required two hectares per household, is an important requirement for the Treasury Office, because they want to regulate the distribution and people's livelihood of farmers` equalization.
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Urets, Е., and V. Fenenko. "PECULIARITIES OF CARRYING OUT OF TERMS OF EXAMINATION OF PROJECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT BY DISPOSAL OF LAND PLOTS WITH CHANGE OF THEIR TARGET DESIGNATION." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 19, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2019.26.
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The issues of conducting forensic examinations on land management issues in the study of land management projects regarding the allocation of land plots with changes in their intended use are considered. The following regulatory acts regulating the issue of land plots with the change of their intended purpose and at present indicates the lack of the reference literature, methodology, methodological recommendations that would regulate the issues of conducting forensic expertise on land management projects regarding th e allocation of land with a change in their purpose appointment.
It specifies the main tasks and necessary materials related to the possibility of conducting surveys of land management projects in relation to the allocation of land with a change in their intended use.
The list of issues and their sequence are indicated, which are necessary for carrying out the full study of the relevant documentation on land management. The questions concerning composition, content and rules of registration of the corresponding normative and technical documentation on questions of implementation in land management are set. The main issues concerning the assignment (transfer) of land to one or another category of land, as an example, are disclosed in the classification (transfer) of the category of land - agricultural land to the category land of industry. The procedure for granting land plots with change of their intended purpose, coordination of documentation with the land management by the relevant services, competent for the approval of the land management project and land plots provision. The attention is drawn to the presence of a conclusion of the state examination of land management documentation on the produced documentation of land management and its obligation in accordance with the norms of legislation.
This method and approach will enable full conduct of forensic examinations on land management issues in the study of land management projects for allotment of land plots with a change in their intended purpose, which is the basis for the formation of conclusions of judicial examinations.
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Dewi, Aflinda. "PENINGKATAN HAK GUNA BANGUNAN RUMAH TINGGAL DIBEBANI HAK TANGGUNGAN MENJADI HAK MILIK DIATAS HAK PENGELOLAAN." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33760/jch.v5i1.121.
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The time period given to Building Utilization Rights for houses and used as collateral for debts by the Debtor, will cause legal problems in the future, the debtor does not have legal certainty regarding his rights, and for Creditors it will be difficult to sell in the event of bad credit. Debtor based on PerMenAg / Ka. The Land Agency Number 5 of 1998, can apply for an increase in ownership rights without paying off the debt first. Requests for increased rights can be processed after the Debtor has received written approval from the Creditors. For the continuity of credit guarantee prior to HM Upgrade, SKMHT is made. This article is based on the implementation of the Increased Right to Use for Residential Buildings which are burdened with Underwriting rights to Ownership Rights at the Land Office of Padang City by using the Empirical Juridical Method, where the author conducts research directly into the Padang City land office. Conclusion of the implementation of increasing use rights of residential buildings which are burdened with mortgage rights at the Land Office based on the Minister of Religion / Head of BPB No. 5 of 1998, carried out according to the procedure, does not take a long time and costs a lot.
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Garcias, Marcos de Oliveira, and Ana Lucia Kassouf. "Assessment of rural credit impact on land and labor productivity for Brazilian family farmers." Nova Economia 26, no. 3 (December 2016): 721–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/2761.
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Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rural credit on land and labor productivity for Brazilian family farmers and assess factors influencing the rural credit approval process. The study employs data contained in the 2006 Brazilian Municipality1 Agricultural Census and a “trade index” (TI) specifically constructed to differentiate family farmers. The impact of credit on land and labor productivity was calculated by comparing the productivity of a group of family farmers that received credit with the productivity of a group of family farmers that were credit restricted. The groups were constructed with the aid of propensity score matching. When statistically significant, the average effect of credit was found to increase the recipient’s productivity of land and labor. It was also found that productivity increases due to the use of credit aligned with the level of the family farmer’s integration into the commercial market and, therefore, one credit policy does not fit for all Brazilian family farmers.
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LAMA, ILICH, and DEREK SAIN. "A case study review of wood ash land application programs in North America." February 2021 20, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.2.111.
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Several regulatory agencies and universities have published guidelines addressing the use of wood ash as liming material for agricultural land and as a soil amendment and fertilizer. This paper summarizes the experiences collected from several forest products facility-sponsored agricultural application programs across North America. These case studies are characterized in terms of the quality of the wood ash involved in the agricultural application, approval requirements, recommended management practices, agricultural benefits of wood ash, and challenges confronted by ash generators and farmers during storage, handling, and land application of wood ash. Reported benefits associated with land-applying wood ash include increasing the pH of acidic soils, improving soil quality, and increasing crop yields. Farmers apply wood ash on their land because in addition to its liming value, it has been shown to effectively fertilize the soil while maintaining soil pH at a level that is optimal for plant growth. Given the content of calcium, potassium, and magnesium that wood ash supplies to the soil, wood ash also improves soil tilth. Wood ash has also proven to be a cost-effective alternative to agricultural lime, especially in rural areas where access to commercial agricultural lime is limited. Some of the challenges identified in the review of case studies include lengthy application approvals in some jurisdictions; weather-related issues associated with delivery, storage, and application of wood ash; maintaining consistent ash quality; inaccurate assessment of required ash testing; potential increased equipment maintenance; and misconceptions on the part of some farmers and government agencies regarding the effect and efficacy of wood ash on soil quality and crop productivity.
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Honová, Kristýna, and Jiří Mališ. "Surface Mines of Mining Area Žacléř – Creating and Using of Financial Reserves for Remediation and Reclamation." GeoScience Engineering 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2018-0007.
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Abstract Companies engaged in mining are legally obliged to ensure remediation and reclamation of land affected by mining. Creation and use of financial reserves are subject to approval and control of the Mining Authorities. However, the methodology of creating financial reserves is decided by the mining company itself. In the paper, we describe the methods of creating financial reserves of a specific mining company GEMEC Union for remediation and reclamation after coal surface mining. The paper provides chronological comparisons of coal mining in two open pit mines, including the principles for creating and using financial reserves for remediation and reclamation.
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Hui, Eddie Chi Man, and Ka Hung Yu. "THE DYNAMICS OF HONG KONG'S OFFICE RENTAL MARKET." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2006.9637550.
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Forecasting office rents is among the most researched topics in real estate study. However, there are still heated debates on how predictions can be best done. This study provides a generator approach, on the basis of both system dynamics and econometric modeling. The findings suggest that the office rental values in Hong Kong appear to be more volatile and uncertain under better economic conditions, likely due to both the supply side of the property market being over‐optimistic of economic trends and the development lags and adjustment cost, under the influence of the current land policies in Hong Kong, are the main issues behind this phenomenon. In order to minimize the uncertainties on the office leasing market, the government should relax the approval procedures concerning changing land use, and the subsequent rearrangements of premium payment. Further, the current policies on land sales need to be revised, especially the application list system. Those measures could reduce the time and transaction cost incurred, thus leading to more timely response to demand changes over time.
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Fazlieva, Liliya K. "Local Self-Government Powers to Establish the Target Purpose of Lands and Their Permitted Use: Analysis of Theoretical Problems." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/31.
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The study aims to determine the powers of local authorities in defining the legal regime of lands and to study problems in this area. Legal uncertainty in the relationship between territorial planning and urban planning zoning, the inconsistency of the three basic federal laws regarding the powers of urban and rural settlements to establish land use and development rules have been revealed. The impossibility of replacing urban planning zoning with a territorial one is argued. The research methods are the dialectical method of cognition, general methods of formal logic, certain general research methods (systems aspect, analysis of regulatory legal sources), and specific methods of law (formal-logical method of interpretation of law, comparative legal method). Based on the study, the following conclusions are made. (1) There is still legal uncertainty on the issue of zoning, which is contained in documents of different legal force – results of territorial planning and urban planning zoning: the site plan, which is equal in the status to a regulatory legal act and rules of land use and development. At the same time, the text of the site plan does not meet the requirements of legal technology in contrast to rules of land use and development. To eliminate internal contradictions in the legislation, it is proposed to fix the correlation of the site plan and the rules of land use and development in a codified urban planning law, and to establish requirements for the development of the site plan. (2) Urban planning and land codified laws do not distinguish between the powers of urban and rural settlements in the field of approving land use and development rules (Part 3 of Article 8 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, Paragraph 1 of Article 39.30 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation). Moreover, the approval of land use and development rules was removed from the rural settlement’s issues of local importance and transferred to the municipal areas (Part 4 of Article 14 of Law No. 131-FZ). Consequently, the different interpretation of the categorical elements of issues of local importance leads to an ambiguous understanding of municipal rights and obligations. The author considers it necessary to bring the norms regarding the powers of local self-government contained in the industry laws in line with the norms of Law No. 131-FZ. (3) In order to improve the state policy on the use of the land fund of Russia, it is planned to replace urban planning zoning with territorial zoning, which involves the removal from circulation of the principle of dividing land for its intended purpose. It has been established that territorial zoning performs only the functions of detailing and concretizing the legal regime of the corresponding land plot. In this regard, the principle of dividing land into categories for the intended purpose should be considered as the main principle of legal regulation of land relations arising from the provisions of Article 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
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Zimmermann, Willi. "Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2012." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0135.
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Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2012 Swiss national forest policy in 2012 was marked by the enactment of the revised Forest Law as well as preparations for the changes in the related Forest Ordinance. No new directions have emerged in the routine forest relevant tasks of the Parliament, Federal Council and the Public Administration. Exceptions to this trend were the numerous parliamentary interventions about the forest and timber industry. In addition, the number of Federal Court decisions about forest legal issues has slightly increased this year. In the policy fields related to forest policy, the passage of the Second Apartment Initiative and the revision of the Land-Use Law brought new angles into land-use policy. In terms of biodiversity policy, the Federal Council's approval of the Biodiversity Strategy Switzerland has set the stage for its implementation. Finally, the reorganization of Swiss energy policy has become the new dominant topic on the political agenda. The Federal Council has accomplished the related preparations for the new energy policy and has submitted its Energy Strategy 2050 for consultation.
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Supriyanto, Heroe, Kurnia Warman, and Zefrizal Nurdin. "Granting of the Usufructuary Rights over Customary Land for Oil Palm Plantations in Nagari Inderapura of Pesisir Selatan Regency." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (October 11, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1068.
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The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe and explain the granting of oil palm plantation licensing which becomes usufructuary rights, 2) describe and explain the release of customary rights for the oil palm plantation business, and 3) describe and explain the granting and registration of usufructuary rights of oil palm plantation originating from customary rights. This study employs an empirical juridical approach. Granting of oil palm plantation business licensing occurs with the approval of the principle of oil palm plantation cultivation business, application for location permits and a letter from the Governor of the Level I Region of West Sumatra Province regarding licensing for land clearing for the oil palm plantation business. Currently, the release of customary rights for the oil palm plantation business in Nagari Inderapura is carried out using the custom of “diisi limbago dituang” method through consensus agreement with payment of silihjariah money to ninik mamak with a total land area of ± 11,930 hectares. Granting and registration of usufructuary rights of oil palm plantations must be registered in the land book at the land office and must also advance the rights of local customary people. In this case, the main target of the use of customary land is to improve the welfare and prosperity of customary people. In addition, in agrarian reform, land redistribution is required to provide at least 20% (twenty percent) of the land area used for the local community.
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Mejias, Luis, and Elizabeth Deakin. "Redevelopment and Revitalization along Urban Arterials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1902, no. 1 (January 2005): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190200104.
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Urban arterials are both promising and problematic locations for infill development and urban revitalization. San Pablo Avenue, a multilane urban arterial traversing nine cities and two counties along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in California, is considered here. The road developed over a long period: first as a streetcar line, then as an intercity automobile route, and most recently as a subregional traffic and transit route. Land uses from each of these transportation eras are still present along the avenue and range from neighborhood retail to automobile-oriented strip development. Recent transit service improvements and a strong housing market are leading to new developer interest in San Pablo Avenue. Findings are reported from interviews with 11 developers who recently built infill housing and mixed-use projects on or near the arterial. Developers see San Pablo Avenue's accessibility as a major asset but view transit services as a bonus instead of a necessity; transit availability allows developers to argue for reduced transportation impact fees and reduced parking requirements. Other aspects of the arterial's design, including high speeds and unattractive streetscapes, are problematic, as are zoning ordinances that require high parking ratios, large setbacks, and lengthy, discretionary approval processes. Small land parcels, incompatible adjacent uses, and high development costs are also drawbacks but, with creative development, are manageable. Local governments could provide incentives for private development along arterials such as San Pablo Avenue by improving street designs, reducing parking requirements, and updating zoning codes and approval processes.
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Hall, Joshua. "Does school district and municipality border congruence matter?" Urban Studies 54, no. 7 (December 15, 2015): 1601–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015619868.
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Research on zoning typically assumes that city planners aim to maximise housing prices with their land use decisions, either explicitly for public choice reasons or implicitly through the approval of land uses that create local net benefits. Noncongruence of school district and municipality borders severs the link between costs and benefits in the eyes of the median voter, however, which could result in excessive residential development and fiscal externalities that lower property values. This paper uses a hedonic approach to indirectly observe the presence of these externalities. Border congruency between school districts and municipalities in Ohio is measured using GIS data and matched with a data set of 56,717 home sales. The hedonic results indicate that noncongruence is associated with lower housing prices, while the degree of noncongruence is positively related. For most school districts, the negative effect of noncongruency dominates. My results are robust and consistent across different model specifications and empirical approaches.
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Tamrakar, Rabindra Man. "Consolidation of Stakeholders' Initiatives to Mitigate Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Nepalese Context." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 12 (October 31, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v12i0.9067.
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Although Nepal contributes very low emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) compared to the developed nations, it is the fourth most vulnerable country in the world due to the effects of climate change. These effects have already lead to more natural disasters, loss of biodiversity, increase in mountain snow melt, uncertainty in precipitation, shortage of food, water and energy etc. resulting in devastating impacts on the life of people living in both mountain and plain areas. Climate change therefore is the vital issue in the country. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change, Government of Nepal since last two decades has taken significant initiatives in response to the effects of climate change including the participations in international conventions, the approval of Climate Change National Policy 2067 (2010), and establishment of a high level Climate Change Council (CCC) under the chairmanship of the Rt. Hon'ble Prime Minister of Nepal. In addition, The Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MoEST), being the National Designated Authority (DNA) in Nepal for United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has executed several programmes and projects related to mitigation and adaptation of climate change effects including Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects and National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). International Nongovernmental Organizations such as UNFCCC, DANIDA, DFID, UNEP, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, World Bank, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Asian Development Bank (ADB) etc. as well have carried out numerous climate change projects and activities in Nepal in conjunction with various government agencies.Studies have revealed that the major sources of GHGs are from the burning of fossil fuel (75%), land use changes (20%), and other sources (5%). It has also been postulated that the effects of climate change can be significantly reduced through the implementation of land use policy and activities. Ministry of Land Reform and Management (MoLRM), Government of Nepal (GoN) is the central agency in Nepal dealing with the formulation and implementation of land related policies and activities in the country. MoLRM has commenced to formulate the National Land Policy and has planned to complete it at the end of fiscal year 069/70. This policy will definitely assist in mitigating the effects of climate change in the country. Another essential policy for the mitigation of the impacts of climate change in the country is National Land Use Policy which was prepared by MoLRM and has been approved by GoN in 2012, but it is yet to be implemented. One of the important policies that it has focussed on for the mitigation of climate change effects is to increase the present forest coverage to 40% of the total area of the country while protecting the government land by forestation and plantation programmes on degraded lands. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 1-9
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Shaw, Jamie, Matt Silverman, Geoff Dunn, and Katrina O'Mara. "Maximising safety and environmental performance during onshore seismic acquisition using cable-less technology." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13069.
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Recent advances in the acquisition of onshore seismic data without cables have greatly reduced impacts on environmental and heritage values and increased recording efficiency. Onshore oil and gas exploration has expanded significantly across Australia. As a result, the need to gather quality data while reducing the environmental, social, and safety impacts of the activities has driven innovation in exploration technologies. In WA, exploration permits are granted for areas that include privately held farm land, pastoral leases or unallocated crown land. This can result in tensions between exploration companies, their contractors, and land holders. Cable-less seismic data acquisition systems provide significant opportunities to reduce the environmental, community, and safety impacts. Cable-less systems typically require significantly fewer trips along the acquisition line, considerably reducing the likelihood of negative impacts on plants, animals, and soils in the area. Other benefits include reducing fuel consumption, vehicle and traffic movement and the risk of injury to the seismic crew associated with the deployment of cables. This extended abstract reviews the recent use of a cable-less system for Fleet Resources’ seismic acquisition conducted by Terrex Seismic in the Carnarvon Basin, WA, demonstrating the environmental, social, and safety benefits compared with traditional cabled systems for both 3D and 2D seismic programs. This extended abstract also draws on the experiences of Terrex’s use of the technology on behalf of UIL Energy and it explores the opportunities for capturing these benefits during the preparation of environmental and safety plans for regulatory approval.
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Crepelle, Adam. "White Tape and Indian Wards: Removing the Federal Bureaucracy to Empower Tribal Economies and Self-Government." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 54.3 (2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.54.3.white.
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American Indians have the highest poverty rate in the United States, and dire poverty ensnares many reservations. With no private sector and abysmal infrastructure, reservations are frequently likened to third-world countries. Present-day Indian poverty is a direct consequence of present-day federal Indian law and policy. Two-hundred-year-old laws premised on Indian incompetency remain a part of the U.S. legal system; accordingly, Indian country is bound by heaps of federal regulations that apply nowhere else in the United States. The federal regulatory structure impedes tribal economic development and prevents tribes from controlling their own resources. This Article asserts the federal regulatory “white tape” is unconstitutional. By focusing on restraints upon trust land and Indian trader laws, this Article demonstrates that contemporary federal regulations impeding tribal economic development are based upon flagrantly racist ideas. This Article explores the unique relationship between Indians and the Constitution and concludes that restrictions on tribal trust land and Indian trader laws should be subjected to strict scrutiny rather than the usual rational basis review applied to legislation relating to Indians. These regulations cannot survive strict scrutiny. Once tribes are liberated from these antiquated regulations, this Article proposes that tribes be able to craft their own land use and economic policies without federal approval.
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Matthews, Kate, and Philippa Forge. "A glass half full analysis: lessons learnt from land access experiences for the emerging shale gas industry in Western Australia." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12037.
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Western Australia (WA) is on the cusp of developing shale gas. The Australian shale industry is still in its infancy, which is an opportune time to reflect on the challenges faced by its predecessors. The legacy from ongoing coal seam gas (CSG) projects, and the uncertainties associated with this emerging industry, will heighten community scrutiny and potentially require industry players and regulatory authorities to understand and work in new regulations covering this new industry. The shale industry must acknowledge and meet head on the challenges posed by this environment. Shale gas is typically drilled and produced in a similar way to conventional natural gas reserves. As a result of shale’s low permeability, however, shale gas development also requires fracture stimulation and more closely spaced wells. For example, often six to ten wells may be concentrated on one pad. Technological advancements in gas drilling have fundamentally changed the market, making shale gas a realistic option for supplying part of future global energy requirements. This peer-reviewed paper examines the lessons learnt from the land use conflicts associated with CSG projects in Queensland and onshore shale developments in the US. In particular, it highlights the importance of understanding the land access approval process and engaging stakeholders effectively, so as to reduce permitting and negotiation delays, which are a key risk to the commercialisation of significant shale reserves. This peer-reviewed paper also explores what approval requirements constrain the delivery of these future projects and what recommendations can be made from the Queensland and United States examples to ensure the viability of onshore shale projects in WA.
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Podschwit, Harry, Colton Miller, and Ernesto Alvarado. "Spatiotemporal Prescribed Fire Patterns in Washington State, USA." Fire 4, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4020019.
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We investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of prescribed fire and wildfire within Washington State, USA using records from the state’s Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Spatiotemporal comparisons of prescribed fire and wildfire area burned revealed that (1) fire activity broadly differed between the eastern and western portion of the state in terms of total area and distribution of burn sources, (2) over the 2004–2019 period, wildfire largely replaced prescribed fire as the predominant source of burning, and (3) wildfire and prescribed fire occur during distinct months of the year. Spatiotemporal variation in prescribed fire activity at regional levels were measured using five parameters: total area burned, total biomass burned, burn days, burn approval rates, and pile burn frequency. Within-region spatial variability in prescribed fire parameters across land ownership categories and bioclimatic categories were often detectable. Regression models of the annualized prescribed fire parameters suggested that prescribed fire activities have been declining in multiple administrative regions over the 2004–2019 period. A descriptive analysis of seasonal trends found that prescribed fire use largely peaked in the fall months, with minor peaks usually occurring in the spring. Lastly, we described how area burned, biomass burned, and pile burn frequency differed between prescribed fires approved and denied by the DNR, and found that approved prescribed fires were typically smaller and burned less biomass than denied fires.
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Kresna Purnama, Komang Adhi, I. Nyoman Alit Puspadma, and Ni Gusti Ketut Sri Astiti. "Pelaksanaan Perubahan Hak Guna Bangunan yang Dibebani Hak Tanggungan Menjadi Hak Milik Untuk Rumah Tinggal." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2984.144-148.
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This study aims to analyze the implementation of changes in building rights that are burdened with mortgage rights into ownership rights for households The research method used in this study is normative legal research The approaches used in this research are the statute approach and the case approach The technique of processing legal materials that have been collected is done qualitatively data processing is done by describing and describing all legal materials as a result of document studies and interviews which are perfected with literature studies and studies of applicable provisions The results of this study indicate that the Implementation of the Changing of Building Rights to Ownership Rights in the Land Office is processed in accordance with the provisions of the State Minister for Agrarian Affairs / Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 1998 These changes can be made at the request of the right holder with written approval from the Underwriting Rights holder accompanied by a Mortgage Certificate at the Land Office where the object of the Mortgage is located And for the Implementation of Changes in Building Use Rights that are still burdened with Mortgage Rights into Ownership it has legal consequences that the ortgage in question is written off (stated) as stated in the provisions of Article 18 paragraph (1) letter d of the UUHT but does not cause the cancellation of guaranteed debt
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Margarita Nikolaevna, IGNAT’EVA. "Legal support for the restoration of lands disturbed by mining operations: Experience in the Russian Federation." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2021-2-183-190.
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The effectiveness of the restoration of lands disturbed by mining operations largely depends on the perfection of the legislation regulating this process. The purpose of the study is to identify evolutionary changes in the legal framework for reclamation and bottlenecks that require the improvement of legal acts. Research methods – scientific generalization, comparisons, analogy method, comparative and evolutionary analysis. Результаты. The relevance of reclamation in modern conditions has been substantiated, which is confirmed by the basic requirements of sustainable subsoil use and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The information concerning the legal support of reclamation is generalized and analyzed, the stages of this process are determined; setting back by a decade in the formation of legal support for reclamation in Russia of the Soviet period from foreign countries is identified. In Russia, the initial stage is attributed to the period of the 1950s– 1970s, when legislative documents were sporadic and did not practised on such a systematic basis. The period of the 1970s–1980s was defined as the main one, during which there was the approval of the “Basic provisions on the reclamation of lands disturbed during the development of mineral deposits and peat, conducting geological exploration, construction and other works” (1977), which have been successfully used for almost 20 years. At the same time, GOSTs and standards regulating reclamation began to operate. The following were subject to regulation: financing, accounting for the costs of reclamation work, compensation for any damage caused by the recipient, transfer of reclamation lands to land users, etc. Since the 1990s, there has been a certain decline in research focused on reclamation, although this period is characterized by the approval of quite important legislative acts, including the “Basic Provisions on Land Reclamation, removal, conservation and rational use of the fertile soil layer” (1995). Reclamation provisions are reflected in a number of federal laws and strategic documents. The highly anticipated government act defining the procedure for land reclamation and conservation was adopted in 2018. Deficiencies in the existing legislation regulating reclamation were identified, requiring amendments and additions to the latter. First of all, this concerns the Federal Law called “On Subsoil”, as well as the regulation of the financing of reclamation. Conclusion. Improving the legal framework for reclamation work will undoubtedly help to increase the efficiency of this process.
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Zhang, C., and C. Fang. "THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SPATIAL PLANNING BASIC MAP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2245-2018.
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The “Provincial Space Plan Pilot Program” issued in December 2016 pointed out that the existing space management and control information management platforms of various departments were integrated, and a spatial planning information management platform was established to integrate basic data, target indicators, space coordinates, and technical specifications. The planning and preparation will provide supportive decision support, digital monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the plan, implementation of various types of investment projects and space management and control departments involved in military construction projects in parallel to approve and approve, and improve the efficiency of administrative approval.<br> The space planning system should be set up to delimit the control limits for the development of production, life and ecological space, and the control of use is implemented. On the one hand, it is necessary to clarify the functional orientation between various kinds of planning space. On the other hand, it is necessary to achieve “multi-compliance” of various space planning. Multiple spatial planning intergration need unified and standard basic map(geographic database and technical specificaton) to division of urban, agricultural, ecological three types of space and provide technical support for the refinement of the space control zoning for the relevant planning. The article analysis the main space datum, the land use classification standards, base map planning, planning basic platform main technical problems. Based on the geographic conditions, the results of the census preparation of spatial planning map, and Heilongjiang, Hainan many rules combined with a pilot application.
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Sandman, M. S. "DEVELOPMENTS IN NATIVE TITLE." APPEA Journal 39, no. 2 (1999): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98063.
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Amendments to the Commonwealth Native Title Act came into force on 30 September, 1988.The amendments are complicated and detailed and significantly alter the manner in which resource companies and governments are required to act in order to comply with native title legislation. Some of the most significant features of the legislation are as follows:Native Title applications will be made to the Federal Court instead of the National Native Title Tribunal.The right to negotiate is subject to change.Native Title applicants are required to pass a new registration test to gain the right to negotiate.New State and Territory bodies may assume the role of the National Native Title Tribunal. These bodies will require State and Territory legislation and the approval of the Commonwealth Minister.People making an application for a determination of Native Title will be required to confirm that they have the authority of the people on whose behalf the application is made. Native title representative bodies will have a new certifying role to confirm this authority.Changes have also been made to broaden the type of land use agreements that can be entered into in relation to native title, that will be specifically recognised by the Native Title Act. These are described as Indigenous Land Use Agreements (ILUA's).In addition, recent seemingly conflicting decisions of the Federal Court have only added to the uncertainty.
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Buist, Ian, Tim Nedwed, Amy Tidwell, Peter Lane, Peter Newsom, and Ken Flagg. "Update on Developing and Commercializing Oil Herders for In-Situ Burning." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1441.
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ABSTRACT Since the 2011 Conference (Buist et al. 2011 and Buist and Nedwed 2011), work on advancing oil herding agents for in-situ burning (ISB) has focused on three areas:Obtaining regulatory approvals for their use in North America;Developing an application system for use in a helicopter; and,Researching the effectiveness of herders for rapid-response ISB in open water. Desmi-AFTI worked in conjunction with S.L. Ross Environmental Research to get approval to use herders in North American waters. The proscribed test data from an accredited laboratory in Louisiana on three candidate herding agents (also called surface collecting agents) was submitted to the U.S. EPA for approval to list them on the National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule. Two herders have been placed on the list and are now commercially available. These two can be used, with the FOSC's concurrence, for spill response operations in U.S. waters. Samples of all three herders have been sent to Environment Canada, along with all the EPA test data, for their consideration. Quantities (200 L) of the two herders listed on the NCP Product Schedule have been produced and are stockpiled at Desmi-AFTI in Buffalo, NY. An application system, consisting of a pump, controls and reservoir has been designed to be placed inside an appropriate helicopter. It incorporates a reel-able hose that is used to lower the application nozzle to the correct height above the water for herder application. Dry land, static trials were conducted in September 2013 and helicopter flight trials are planned for summer and fall 2014. A back-pack sprayer system for herder application from a small vessel is available off-the-shelf, with only minor modifications required for cold-temperature use. The US Department of the Interior's Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement sponsored a series of laboratory and Ohmsett experiments to see whether herders could contract oil slicks in wave conditions in open water. The results showed that the monolayer of each of the two best herders will survive for more than 45 minutes in a calm sea. The presence of breaking or cresting waves rapidly disrupts the herder monolayer and the oil slick resulting in the production of many small slicklets from the herded slick and the re-spreading of the oil to thin slicks. The monolayer survives for considerable periods of time in a swell condition, but the constant stretching and contracting of the herded slick results in elongating the oil slick and slowly breaking the slick into smaller segments. Testing of the helicopter application system with a herding agent on a 10 m3 experimental crude oil release in drift ice is planned for spring 2015. Further laboratory study of the approved herders is also planned with the goals of better understanding their toxicity and biodegradation and the window of opportunity for their effective use on weathered, emulsified and waxy oils.
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Aouad, Andrew, Randall Taylor, Neil Millar, Robert Meagher, and Deidre Brooks. "Seismic on the edge—the Speculant 3D Transition Zone Seismic Survey." APPEA Journal 52, no. 1 (2012): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11025.
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The Speculant 3D Transition Zone (TZ) Seismic Survey was acquired by Origin Energy in the Otway Basin, about 30 km east of Warrnambool, Victoria, during November and December 2010. The objective of the survey was to fill a data gap between existing marine and land 3D seismic surveys. Although the survey covered a small surface area, it included part of the Bay of Islands Coastal Park, dairy farms, southern rock lobster fishing grounds and the migration route for the Southern Right Whale. Numerous exclusion zones were required to address a variety of stakeholder concerns, avoid environmentally sensitive areas, combat a physical landscape dominated by 60 m sea cliffs and the large Southern Ocean surf. These access restrictions required the innovative use of modern seismic technology to enable a survey that could simultaneously record onshore and offshore without a physical connection between recording systems. On land a GSR cable-free recording system was used for the first time in Australia, eliminating the need for any line preparation or vegetation clearing. Offshore an ocean bottom cable system was used. The survey employed smaller sources than traditionally used in the region. A 900 in3 generator–injector airgun array was used offshore while a single Vibroseis unit was used on land. This paper shares the lessons learnt during the planning, approval and acquisition of the Speculant Seismic Survey with the steps taken to reduce the operation’s footprint while maintaining data quality.
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Van Wyk, Jeannie. "PLANNING AND ARUN's (NOT SO STRAIGHT AND NARROW) ROADS." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 19 (May 9, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a1162.
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Arun Property Development (Pty) Ltd wished to subdivide portions of the farm Langeberg 311, Durbanville. The 1988 structure plan for the area had indicated that certain roads would traverse the property. These and other roads all formed part of a new subdivision known as Sonstraal Heights. As is customary, the ownership of the roads in the subdivision vested in the municipality in terms of section 28 of the Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985 (C) (LUPO) on the date of approval of the subdivision. Central to this provision is that no compensation is payable to the developer if the provision of the public roads is based on the normal need therefor arising from the subdivision. Since the developer was of the opinion that the roads it had provided exceeded the normal need, the issue that had to be resolved was whether compensation must be paid for roads beyond what would normally be required for a subdivision. The main issue that the courts, from the Western Cape High Court to the Constitutional Court in Arun Property Development (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town 2015 2 SA 584 (CC), had to deal with was whether the vesting of roads beyond the normal need therefor arising from the subdivision amounted to an expropriation of land for which compensation is payable in terms of section 25(2) of the Constitution. This case note looks at the different stages of the case, and in the process highlights the historical and legislative background and the subdivision process. It shows that the vesting of the ownership of roads in the municipality is similar to the payment of a development contribution, both of which can be categorised as deprivations of property in terms of the constitutional property clause. On 1 July 2015 LUPO was effectively superseded by the new Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) and the Western Cape Land Use Planning Act 3 of 2014 (LUPA). Since SPLUMA does not and LUPA does contain a reference to the "normal needs" provision, the implications of Arun for the new legislative dispensation are addressed.
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Баснукаев, И. Ш., В. Х. Хадисов, З. М. Асхабова, and А. А. Исламов. "FUNDAMENTALS OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDINGS AND SPECIAL STRUCTURES." Вестник ГГНТУ. Технические науки, no. 3(21) (December 14, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34708/gstou.2020.92.23.005.
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Строительство - это отрасль материального производства, продуктом которой являются готовые к эксплуатации здания, сооружения и их комплексы. Ключевыми этапами строительного процесса являются инженерные изыскания, землеотвод, проектирование, согласование проектной документации, возведение здания или сооружения и дальнейший ввод его в эксплуатацию. Каждый из этих этапов представляет собой сложный технологический процесс, требующий комплексных знаний, специального оборудования и материалов. В рамках данной статьи рассматриваются основы технологий возведения зданий и специальных сооружений. Construction is a branch of material production, the product of which is ready-to-use buildings, structures and their complexes. The key stages of the construction process are engineering surveys, land acquisition, design, approval of project documentation, construction of a building or structure and its further commissioning. Each of these stages is a complex technological process that requires comprehensive knowledge, special equipment and materials. This article discusses the basics of technologies for the construction of buildings and special structures.
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Williams, Y. J., S. McDonald, and S. J. Chaplin. "The changing nature of dairy production in Victoria, Australia: are we ready to handle the planning and development of large, intensive dairy operations?" Animal Production Science 60, no. 4 (2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18476.
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Around the world, dairy production continues to intensify, with farmers increasing stocking rates, feeding more supplements, and transitioning into fully housed systems. Dairy production in Victoria is no exception and farmers are starting a move towards intensive (i.e. permanently housed) dairy operations. Challenges associated with these transformations have included difficulties, or failure, to obtain planning approval and public concern around the effect of intensive developments on environmental degradation, animal welfare and industry image. We examined current land-use planning provisions, environmental requirements, animal-welfare regulations, industry guidelines and codes of practice for their applicability and suitability to the implementation of intensive dairy-production operations, particularly large-scale ones, in Victoria, Australia. Our aim was to clearly identify factors that have the potential to hinder the growth and expansion of existing dairy-production systems into intensive operations, and the establishment of new intensive dairy enterprises. The majority of legislation examined posed no obstacles to the development of large-scale intensive dairy operations. New definitions for intensive livestock production and the inclusion of an intensive dairy-farm category in the State planning provisions will reduce current confusion across and within planning departments. A standard methodology to determine separation distances is required and a code for intensive dairy farming would greatly assist with the planning-approval process. Many advisory publications fall short when applied to intensive dairy operations as they are currently written for pasture-based farms with limited infrastructure for regularly feeding or housing large herds of >700 cows.
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Baum, Fran, and Sharon Friel. "Politics, policies and processes: a multidisciplinary and multimethods research programme on policies on the social determinants of health inequity in Australia." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e017772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017772.
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IntroductionThe development and implementation of multisectoral policy to improve health and reduce health inequities has been slow and uneven. Evidence is largely focused on the facts of health inequities rather than understanding the political and policy processes. This 5-year funded programme of research investigates how these processes could function more effectively to improve equitable population health.Methods and analysisThe programme of work is organised in four work packages using four themes (macroeconomics and infrastructure, land use and urban environments, health systems and racism) related to the structural drivers shaping the distribution of power, money and resources and daily living conditions. Policy case studies will use publicly available documents (policy documents, published evaluations, media coverage) and interviews with informants (policy-makers, former politicians, civil society, private sector) (~25 per case). NVIVO software will be used to analyse the documents to see how ‘social and health equity’ is included and conceptualised. The interview data will include qualitative descriptive and theory-driven critical discourse analysis. Our quantitative methodological work assessing the impact of public policy on health equity is experimental that is in its infancy but promises to provide the type of evidence demanded by policy-makers.Ethics and disseminationOur programme is recognising the inherently political nature of the uptake, formulation and implementation of policy. The early stages of our work indicate its feasibility. Our work is aided by a Critical Policy Reference Group. Multiple ethics approvals have been obtained with the foundation approval from the Social and Behavioural Ethics Committee, Flinders University (Project No: 6786).The theoretical, methodological and policy engagement processes established will provide improved evidence for policy-makers who wish to reduce health inequities and inform a new generation of policy savvy knowledge on social determinants.
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Karim, H., D. A. L. Abu Seman, M. A. Mohamad Dali, S. Z. Othman, and S. C. Bernad. "A PROPOSAL TO IMPLEMENT INTEGRATED GIS SYSTEM IN DISSEMINATING SPATIAL INFORMATION FOR MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL (STAKEHOLDERS AND APPLICANTS) – A CONCEPT PAPER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-347-2019.
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Abstract. Every year, World Bank Group (WBG) is conducting assessment for 190 countries and produces a ranking report based on Doing Business performance – an initiative to measure benchmark efficiency on business regulation and their enforcement by a sample study (e.g. for Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur City Hall - DBKL). One of the ranking categories is based on Dealing with Construction Permits (DCP) which made us proud as announce Malaysia ranks for 2019 is #3 (based on 2018 assessment). This achievement was based on continues efforts and studies from the last bottom of #137 (since, 2007), #113 (2012) and continues with positive results (straight improvement) respectively till this year. Maintaining the top three ranks is not an easy task; however, is not impossible either. Lots of study in innovations, suggestions and implementation should be carried out to maintain and improve Malaysian DCP ranks. As per DCP of this year assessment, Work Bank has suggested all countries with 5 new suggestions (new additional marking schema). One of them is to engage Geographic Information System (GIS) for land use, cadastre, water, electricity and sewage related datasets. This paper propose an initial study (concept paper) towards engaging GIS in DCP activity as a response (first action) suggested by World Bank Group; crucial in maintaining DCP rank for 2020 as well as to provide better business regulations and enforcements for DBKL or other local authority. Later, an impact study will be conducted, utilizing new integrated GIS system publishing service (GeoMap) and the output of the study will indicate whether Malaysia Productive Corporation (MPC) should engage or ignore the 5th suggestion by World Bank Group, or to enhance with other initiatives.
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Anwar, Yuli. "TINJAUAN SEWA BARANG MILIK NEGARA BERDASARKAN PERATURAN MENKEU RI NO. 33/PMK-06/2012 PADA KPKNL BOGOR." Jurnal Ilmiah Binaniaga 9, no. 1B (June 21, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/jib.v9i1b.335.
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Article 1 Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) of Government Regulation 6 of 2006 on the Management of State Property governing is not just a purely administrative, as well as to handle state assets, by improving the efficiency, effectiveness and create added value in managing assets , Therefore, the scope of the management of state assets include demand planning and budgeting; procurement; use; utilization; security and maintenance; assessment; deletion; alienation; administration; coaching, supervision, and control. Utilization of State Property other than land or buildings that are not being used to support the implementation of the basic tasks performed by the user after obtaining the approval of the manager. Utilization of State implemented based on technical considerations with due regard to the interests of the state or region and the public interest. Shapes or patterns of utilization of state property. form: Lease; Borrow and Use; Utilization of cooperation; To wake up Wake Serah Serah and Guna. Considerations for Lease of State Property State Property Rental done to optimize the utilization of state property that has not been or are not utilized in the implementation of the basic tasks and functions of governance, support the implementation of the basic tasks and functions of the ministry or agency, or prevent the use of state property by other parties illegally.Key word: lease of state
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McNaughton, Howard. "Negotiating Marae Performance." Theatre Research International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000037.
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Since 1980, the term ‘marae theatre’ has been used to account for attempts within the Māori cultural renaissance to produce new plays which draw on the protocols of the marae, the traditional physical centre of the tribe. The marae, however, has been seen as an arena of performative interaction, quite independent of any element of play production. The 1998 revival for marae performance of Songs to the Judges by white playwright Mervyn Thompson, dealing with issues of Māori sovereignty and land rights, eighteen years after its first performance for a liberal urban audience, addressed a totally different audience in a radically altered mode of address. Marae communication is symmetrical, with local people and visitors following strict protocols, and actors performing to the authority and approval of the host marae. There arise familiar issues of cultural constraints, property and appropriation, mobilized with a special intensity here in the use of actual utterances of historical Māori resistance leaders, transposed into other mouths. The Western concept of performance itself is brought into a state of crisis, as are the foundations of a ‘postcolonial drama’.
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Faria, Gislaine Garcia de. "As Leis de Zoneamento de Uso e Ocupação do Solo: Instrumento para a Efetiva Gestão Compartilhada dos Recursos Hídricos (The Laws of Use Zoning and Land Use: Instrument for Effective Management of Shared Water Resources)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 3 (September 24, 2011): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232735.
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O presente texto discorre sobre a importância dos governos locais no planejamento e ordenamento do território e as conseqüências na conservação dos recursos hídricos. É atribuição dos municípios a elaboração e aprovação de instrumentos relacionados ao ordenamento territorial, tais como os planos diretores e as leis de zoneamento do uso e ocupação dos solos, bem como outras atividades relacionadas à preservação ambiental que em conjunto representam impacto direto nas águas. Por seu papel de instrumento básico de desenvolvimento urbano, o Plano Diretor condiciona a validade de outras leis. É dele a responsabilidade de traçar diretrizes para o ordenamento do uso do solo que deverão ser detalhadas, quando necessário, por leis específicas. Assim, o objetivo dessa comunicação é o de apresentar as formas de organização, em termos de diretrizes de ordenamento territoriais, dos municípios de Londrina, Arapongas, Rolândia e Cambé (norte do estado do Paraná-Brasil), e que possuem, na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Três Bocas, território comum. Desse modo, evidenciando a complementaridade e os avanços dos instrumentos de gestão do território urbano e a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos, manejo, território urbano. The Laws of Use Zoning and Land Use: Instrument for Effective Management of Shared Water Resources ABSTRACT This text discusses the importance of local governments in planning and land use planning and the consequences of such management on the conservation of water resources. IT IS award of the cities the drafting and approval of instruments related to spatial planning, such as the master plans and the laws of zoning of the use and occupation of the soil, as well as other activities related to environmental preservation which together represent direct impact in the waters. For its role in basic tool for urban development, the Director Plan determines the validity of other laws. IT IS his responsibility to draw up guidelines for the planning of the use of the soil should be detailed, when necessary, by specific laws. Thus, the objective of this communication is to present the forms of organization, in terms of guidelines for territorial planning, from the municipalities of Londrina, Arapongas, Rolandia and Cambé (north of the state of Paraná-Brazil), and that they have, in the river basin of ribeirão Three Mouths, common territory. In this way, evidencing the complementarity and the advances of instruments for the management of the urban territory and the management of water resources. Keywords: water resources, management, urban territory.
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Stickley, Amanda, Sharon Christensen, W. D. Duncan, and Jacinta Buchbach. "Predictive technology and natural hazards: risk for Australian planning authorities?" International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-12-2015-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the improvements in technology that enhance community understanding of the frequency and severity of natural hazards also increased the risk of potential liability of planning authorities in negligence. In Australia, the National Strategy imposes a resilience-based approach to disaster management and stresses that responsible land-use planning can reduce or prevent the impact of natural hazards upon communities. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses how the principles of negligence allocate responsibility for loss suffered by a landowner in a hazard-prone area between the landowner and local government. Findings The analysis in this paper concludes that despite being able to establish a causal link between the loss suffered by a landowner and the approval of a local authority to build in a hazard-prone area, it would be in the rarest of circumstances that a negligence action may be proven. Research limitations/implications The focus of this paper is on planning policies and land development, not on the negligent provision of advice or information by the local authority. Practical implications This paper identifies the issues a landowner may face when seeking compensation from a local authority for loss suffered because of the occurrence of a natural hazard known or predicted to be possible in the area. Originality/value The paper establishes that as risk managers, local authorities must place reliance upon scientific modelling and predictive technology when determining planning processes to fulfil their responsibilities under the National Strategy and to limit any possible liability in negligence.
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Crosby, Clara, John Bauer, and Dale Gardner. "THE ALASKA SHORELINE CLEANUP GUIDANCE AND STANDARDS MANUAL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1209.
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ABSTRACT The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) Spill Prevention and Response Division is compiling a Shoreline Cleanup Guidance and Standards Manual that captures statewide standards for oil-impacted shoreline cleanup and the lessons learned from previous spill response efforts, including the MIV Selendang AYU (2004), the M/V Kuroshima (1997), and the T/V Exxon Valdez (1989) oil spills. Important elements of the manual include the capture of cleanup endpoint criteria and prescribed controls required for specific techniques. The criteria and controls have been developed as a result of experience from previous oil spill cleanups. The criteria, reviewed and approved by State resources agency representatives from the Alaska Departments of Environmental Conservation, Fish and Game, and Natural Resources, now sets the statewide standard for shoreline cleanup of persistent oiling. The manual presents not only the State of Alaska'S shoreline endpoint standards but also the State'S requirements, policies, and expectations for cleanup of oil-impacted shorelines, including: the cleanup approval process; prescribed controls required for specific techniques; and the identification of current, ‘alternative’, or chemical shoreline treatment techniques that may be considered during shoreline cleanup operations. The manual describes many common shoreline cleanup techniques and outlines “best-use” practices, but does not identify new techniques or technologies. Conditions specific to Alaska are summarized, including primary shoreline types and primary oil types that are transported in bulk or most likely to be of concern. In most instances, the primary users will be incident management teams facilitating development of incident-specific shoreline cleanup plans. The manual will also serve ADEC staff, Responsible Parties, State and federal trustee agencies, and land managers.