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McKay, Shannon Ashley. "Land use politics southern style : the case of cash proffers in Virginia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73801.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-327).
The linkage between the political dynamics at the state level and actual implementation of land use regulations at the local level is the focus of this dissertation. This focus is explored through the genesis and efficacy of cash proffers, a land use regulatory tool in Virginia. Using a mixed methods approach, I answer research questions on how and why cash proffers came into existence; are implemented; and affect housing development. The importance of this dissertation topic stems from the uniqueness of the case. Virginia is the only state in the United States using cash proffers on such a large-scale as a growth management tool. It is important to understand whether this tool has applicability beyond Virginia. Further, the "politics of land use" are complicated with important consequences for society. We need to understand the role of state level interest groups in the efficacy of local land use regulations, as well as, how the dynamics underlying these regulations at the local level feedback into the statewide debate on growth management and land use. Finally, the costs of servicing new development with public infrastructure have rapidly increased over time. Localities are in search of new revenue sources to cover these infrastructure costs. This dissertation addresses whether cash proffers can be considered as one such source. Through historical analysis of archival materials as well as interviews, I find that cash proffers were an unintended practice resulting from the implementation of state-approved conditional zoning at the local level political process. Data collected through a self-conducted statewide survey of Virginia counties plus state mandated revenue reports shows counties trying to add more certainty to their implementation of cash proffers in the face of the tool's high revenue variability. Multivariate regression results for a short panel of counties suggest that a county's cash proffer activity is negatively associated with new housing construction.
by Shannon Ashley McKay.
Ph.D.
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Zhou, Yushuang. "Development of integrated prognostic models of land use/land cover change case studies in Brazil and China /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3053828.
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Morapeli, Matšeliso. "Land management institutions at the community level : the case of village land allocation committees in Lesotho." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29998.
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Replacement of traditional land administration institutions with modern institutions has been one of the strategies used by the Lesotho Government to solve land management problems. This thesis uses a case study approach to analyze the effectiveness of one modern institution, the Village Land Allocation Committees (VLAC), at the community level in Lesotho.
Customarily, land in Lesotho was allocated by traditional chiefs who could for various purposes revoke it. The system was allegedly open to abuse and under the Land Act 1979, the authority to allocate land was shifted from traditional chiefs to the VLAC, which is partly elected and partly nominated by the government. The thinking behind this change was that VLAC would be more democratic and efficient, representing local as well as national interests.
The study consists of three stages: a) review of background literature on Lesotho; b) a comparison of land tenure reforms in Tanzania, Kenya and Botswana; and c) field research carried out through questionnaires administered to VLAC members, community members and government officials responsible for land administration at the community level in Lesotho.
Conclusions drawn from this study are that lack of clear policy guidelines, lack of connection between land allocation and the overall planning and lack of meaningful community participation in the land allocation process, are among the major problems in the operation of VLAC.
The study's major recommendations are: a) integrating land allocation with the overall land use planning; b) recognizing the continuing influence of traditional institutions and incorporating them into VLAC activities; c) providing VLAC with clearer goals and necessary resources; and d) building a planning and evaluation component into VLAC procedures. The need for further research on the composition and election process of VLAC is identified.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Lee, Cliff Keak Le. "Inegration of land use and transportation planning : Singapore as a case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68330.
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Ngamsirijit, Wuttigrai. "Manufacturing flexibility improvement : case studies and survey of Thai automotive industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10552/.
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To deal with dynamic and uncertain business environments, agile manufacturing is of interest to academics and practitioners. However, in order to achieve agile manufacturing, one of its dimensions is of major importance - manufacturing flexibility. It is not possible to achieve agile manufacturing with ineffective management of manufacturing flexibility. Most firms acknowledge how flexibility can be improved but few can successfully implement it to its full potential. In addition, manufacturing firms today tend to improve and implement manufacturing flexibility at a strategic level. This means higher perception of benefits and better awareness of risks. This research studied the current awareness and practices of manufacturing flexibility improvement in a manufacturing setting, particularly the Thai automotive industry. Through case studies, they can extract more information about the experiences of companies in the planning, implementation and operations of manufacturing flexibility. Thus, the following contributions were made: First, this research will provide comprehensive overviews and insights on various manufacturing flexibility improvements on aspects of pragmatic management perspectives. Second, this research explored the issues or factors taken into account when manufacturing firms, especially Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), improve their flexibility. Third, the research also explored and validated the major problems in achieving manufacturing flexibility and operating issues critical to manufacturing flexibility performance within manufacturing and supply chain aspects, especially suppliers. The underlying concepts to enhance manufacturing flexibility as well as barriers and enhancers of manufacturing flexibility within individuals and between OEMs and suppliers can be then obtained. In consequence, a framework of manufacturing flexibility improvement incorporating key elements from case studies and surveys was derived. Finally, the decision-making framework including managerial guidance and strategic evaluation methodology for better evaluating flexibility improvement strategies and achieving manufacturing flexibility were developed and tested. This is sought to create a formal and rational process that guides manufacturers through the strategic evaluation process in relation to manufacturing flexibility improvement. These can be the basis for follow up research in a specific area within flexibility improvement and enhance the development/deployment of flexibility in automotive and other manufacturing enterprises. Overall, an operations strategy can be well established and the highest level of manufacturing flexibility can be achieved. Hence, the firm can maintain or increase its competitive advantages and profitability under uncertain circumstances of manufacturing and supply chain.
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Qiu, Yun. "Managing quality in the Chinese context : case studies of Shanghai manufacturing industries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14386/.
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Most ideas of industrial Quality Management (QM) originated in the USA and Japan, and have since spread globally. New QM models and concepts have been developed, disseminated and adopted (or indeed adapted) in many countries. Considering the evolution QM thinking over the last few decades, many QM models and concepts involve both 'hard' and 'soft' aspects. The former may involve use of procedures and a range of tools and techniques; whereas soft aspects are concerned with human factors such as culture. Much current literature in the QM field tends to emphasize the hard aspects. The author, however, argues that it is important to understand and investigate the soft aspects (particularly the organizational culture and management practices, the relationships between QM and culture) in an organization, which are key success factors for successful QM implementation. On the other hand, many researchers have studied QM dissemination and adoption phenomena from the perspectives of both management fashion and diffusion theory. Following Abrahamson (1996), this research proposed that QM initiatives can be considered as management fashions, disseminated from 'fashion-setter' (i.e. the supply side) to 'fashion-consumer' (i.e. the demand side), and the impact and results being influenced by various adoption factors. While trends in academic and professional publication rates related to QM initiatives can help to identify fashionable approaches on the supply side, there was lack of empirical evidence to explain the behaviour of 'fashion-consumers' on the demand side, in an international context (e.g. why do managers adopt certain QM tools? What are their criteria for decision-making on QM adoption?). This research aimed to explore the behaviour of 'fashion-consumers', so as to fully understand the QM dissemination and adoption process, in a Chinese context. Because of its economic importance, large manufacturing industry and distinct culture, China plays an important role in the global supply chain, and has attracted academic interests from various fields. Therefore, the author focused on the . management of quality in Chinese manufacturing industry; to provide insights into the relationships between QM, organizational culture and national culture; and explain the phenomenon of dissemination and adoption of QM from the perspective of Chinese fashion-consumers, based on multiple case-studies of Shanghai manufacturing industry. The research was based primarily on interviews with managers at six case-study companies, supplemented by interviews with quality experts and professionals. The Competing Values Framework (CVF) was used to characterize organizational culture, in the context of this primarily qualitative study. The key outcomes of this research relate to: 1) the development and current status of QM implementation in companies with different ownership types; 2) the organizational culture issues in companies with different ownership types; 3) the relationships between QM and culture; and 4) a dissemination and adoption framework for QM that contains nine observed dissemination and adoption factors, and is compatible with current theory relating to management fashions and also diffusion of innovations. The research has made a contribution to knowledge in all these four areas, while extending general understanding of QM dissemination in the context of current theory. It has provided framework and a richer knowledge of dissemination, adoption and 'soft' aspects of QM in the Chinese context, and of relationships between QM and culture from organizational and national culture perspectives. The differences observed among enterprises with different ownership types are of particular note. The application of CVF to complement qualitative research is also considered a methodological advance.
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Thawesaengskulthai, Natcha. "Selecting quality management and improvement initiatives : case studies of industries in Thailand." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10298/.
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Many organisations invest a considerable amount of capital and resources, implementing new techniques to improve their operating performance. Many approaches and techniques are available. New fashionable methods tend to displace older approaches, which may still have value. An effective strategy for selecting and implementing improvement initiatives is an important issue to ensure stakeholder satisfaction. This research aims to investigate quality management and continuous improvement practices, study and analyse several approaches leading to continuous improvement (CI), then construct a framework to assist senior management teams, by providing a decision aid for selecting improvement initiatives. Six key improvement approaches including Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma, ISO9001, Business Process Reengineer (BPR), Lean production (Lean), Business Excellence framework (BE) were selected as the focus in this study. The research was carried out in three phases. Phase One established a conceptual background for the adoption of CI initiatives based on qualitative and quantitative studies of the literature. It described the two decision criteria of fashion setting and pay-offs. Phase Two provided empirical studies of the Quality Management (QM) approaches adopted in three case companies in Thailand. Different decision criteria for the selection of CI approaches were identified from these case studies, together with suggestions from fourteen quality experts and two additional case companies. In-depth analyses of each case study plus interviews with quality experts provided a context and guidance in development of the decision-aid framework for selecting CI approaches. Then in Phase Three the decision-aid framework was proposed, verified, and refined in testing with a multinational case company of four different plants in the Asia Pacific region and two groups of Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) using action research and assessment questionnaires. The primary outcome of this research is a decision-aid for selecting CI approaches, which demonstrated high utility in practice. The main contributions of this research are a decision-aid for selecting CI initiatives, which was developed and tested, and a number of advancements to the theory of QM and CI, the theory of management fashion, and the application of operations strategy in the QM context.
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Schofield, A. J. "The interpretation of surface lithic collections : Case studies from Southern England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382963.
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Rockwell, Sarah M. "Alternative techniques for resolving land use disputes : two case studies in Denver, Colorado." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77514.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaf 90.
by Sarah M. Rockwell.
M.C.P.
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Naranjo-Preciado, Veronica. "A case study of land use plans and regulations in downtown Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69386.
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Power, James. "Land use and vegetation change in agricultural landscapes : case studies from north-west Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267681.
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Bresnen, Michael J. "A study of forms of project organisation and matrix management : case studies from the construction industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12144/.
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This study investigates the forms and processes of interaction that occur in the organisation and management of projects. It takes as its empirical focus of enquiry the situation in the UK construction industry; and uses, as its database, five case studies of medium to large-scale, 'one-off' construction projects. The literature on project organisation and management is reviewed, with attention directed towards the phenomenon of matrix forms of organisation and related processes of management. A critique is developed which assesses the implications of inter-organisational linkages in the coordination and control of project task work. This critique forms the basis for a model of construction organisation and management from which a series of propositions are derived for empirical investigation. Five case studies of construction projects, explored longitudinally and using qualitative research techniques, are described and analysed. The main finding to emerge from the study is that: the more there is a need for a more 'flexible' administrative arrangement and approach towards managing work that is complex, uncertain and interdependent, the less likely this is in fact to occur, to the extent that 'contractual' considerations inform the parties' approaches. This is contingent upon three sets of features: the form and basis of the relationship, and its meaning to those involved; the broader relationship between the organisations concerned (eg their goals, resources); and the internal setting within each organisational group. The implications of the findings for models of project and matrix organisation are assessed. A recommendation is made for the more explicit and separate treatment of interorganisational relationships, due to the differential motivational basis underlying interaction.
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Gilat, Michael 1976, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering. "Coordinated transportation and land use planning in the developing world : the case of Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8525.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-139).
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.
Transportation, land use and the environment are inextricably linked. In recent decades there have been efforts, primarily in the developed world, to coordinate transportation and land use planning so as to use land resources more efficiently and promote the use of transit and non-motorized transport (walking and biking) at the expense of the automobile. This is done in order to reduce congestion and pollution and to provide more equitable access to jobs. This thesis examines the applicability of coordinated transportation and land use planning methods such as transit-oriented development (TOD) in the developing world, and more specifically, in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). TOD is a policy that promotes dense, mixed land uses near transit stations. Essential to its success are an extensive transit system, government incentives to developers and zoning regulations, and a strong real estate market. In the developing world, where cities are growing fast and most people still do not own cars, TOD provides an opportunity to design the urban form of the growing cities to be transit-oriented. Low-income people can thus be served by cheaper high capacity transit, and can thus spend less of their meager income on transportation and have better access to jobs. They will make fewer and shorter trips by low capacity transit such as informal modes, reducing congestion and pollution. In the long term, TOD may slow down motorization and mitigate its effects. Mexico City faces a crisis of mobility, environment and equity. It needs coordinated transportation and land use planning to curb further sprawl, which would worsen these problems. It has many of the prerequisites for TOD. It has the densities, an extensive Metro system (although not extensive enough), and embryonic (and still weak) metropolitan planning organizations. Opportunities for coordinated transportation and land use planning there include station area development, downtown redevelopment, real estate development along the proposed suburban rail line, and a policy of building new affordable housing within walking distance of high capacity transit. The greater the geographical scope of each option, the more government involvement it requires, and the larger its potential positive impact is.
by Michael Gilat.
M.C.P.
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Kiblitskaya, Marina. "Formal and informal relations : comparative case studies of the privatisation of Russian and British railway repair plants." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108488/.
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The thesis examines the role of formal and informal relations in the social organisation of production through a case study of two railway repair plants, one in Britain and one in Russia, both of which privatised in the course of the research. Although many Western commentators have noted the importance of informal relations in the social organisation of production, very little systematic research has been devoted to this theme, while in Russia it has only just begun to be a legitimate object of research. Moreover, most of the studies of informal relations have viewed their role within the framework of workers’ resistance rather than seeing them as a universal aspect of social organisation which perform functions for all actors and which are a contested terrain. This thesis studies informal relations as a field of conflict and compromise between workers and managers. The thesis is based on fieldwork carried out in both plants over the period 1993-7. In each case special attention is paid to a number of key areas of informal organisation: the management of the production process, the determination of wages, the differentiation of the labour force, the role of line managers and relations with customers. Both enterprises were state enterprises at the beginning of the research and were surprisingly similar, with a very formal hierarchical management structure and an extensive network of informal relations. The rigid planning system led to similar problems of meeting the plan, and similar informal solutions to those problems. In both plants the initial preparation for privatisation was associated with formal initiatives to restructure the internal relations of the plant, but these had very little impact. The striking contrast came when the plants were fully privatised. While privatisation for the Russian plant was a means of consolidating its privileged monopoly position, leading to few real changes within the plant, the British plant was subjected to a very radical restructuring which sharply reduced the significance of informal relations, although these changes were not made without resistance and informal relations began to take on new forms. In both plants the power of workers was at the same time being sharply reduced by the growing threat of redundancy.
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Lung, Hoi-yan, and 龍凱茵. "The impacts of land development on ecological conservation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125469X.
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Cornell, Judith Emily. "Trade unions and the restructuring of working class health care in South Africa : case studies in the clothing, leather and transport sectors, 1992-1996." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104943/.
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Health care is an unusual issue for collective bargaining. It was forced onto the bargaining agendas of some unions in South Africa by a combination of failing and racially discriminatory public sector health care and inflationary private sector health care. Sick Funds arc industry-specific health insurance schemes in South Africa, which give their members access to specific and limited private sector medical benefits, sick pay and sometimes maternity pay. They are jointly funded and managed by employer and trade union representatives, through the collective bargaining structures of Industrial Councils. This research, a case study of three Sick Funds for clothing and leather workers, and a more elaborate health insurance scheme for workers in the public transport sector, examines the process of restructuring the content and delivery of medical services, and the management of the schemes. This is done in the context of dramatic political developments on the national stage from 1992, through the period of South Africa’s first democratic election in 1994, to 1996. The membership of the Sick Funds was highly homogeneous, comprising low-paid black workers, predominantly women. Recommendations for reform and expansion of the Sick Funds focused particularly on a shift from reliance on contracted doctors to the establishment of a network of neighbourhood-based worker health centres, with medical staff employed directly by the Funds. The other major recommendation was the extension of benefits to dependants for the first time. The fourth case highlights the difficult process of transforming a much more elaborate scheme in a complex multi-union situation in a large publicly owned company facing privatisation. Membership of the transport scheme was much more heterogeneous: overwhelmingly male and predominantly black, there was a substantial minority of white members and a far greater range of income. The argument is that under certain conditions, trade unions can transform existing arrangements for health care for their members, imprinting a trade union character on both the services and their management. The projects achieved their aims to varying degrees. The thesis explores the conditions for success and failure. The studies do not produce a model, which can be extracted from its context and applied generally. The argument is that struggle is part of the model. Nevertheless, these projects raise crucial questions about proposals for mandatory social health insurance and have important implications for the national project of restructuring the health system for equity.
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Means, Peter T. "Forest stewardship council certification of public forests| Five case studies." Thesis, Colorado State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1564491.
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This study characterizes the experience of five states that have chosen to pursue third party sustainable forest certification of publicly owned lands using the principles and criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Studying the impact of FSC certification on Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania may provide the Colorado State Forest Service and other forest stakeholders with an improved understanding of the potential impact of FSC certification of Colorado's public forests. This issue is especially pertinent to Colorado green builders who are attempting to acquire structural lumber from sustainably managed forests within a 500 mile (805 km) area of the construction site, as prescribed by US Green Build Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED) standards. As there are no FSC certified forests in Colorado or neighboring states, sustainable builders cannot comply with some pertinent green building standards. Additionally, It is intended that this study will support sustainable forest policy studies and facilitate continuing research on the impact of FSC certification of Colorado public forests.
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Mzembe, Andrew. "Corporate social responsibility in Malawi : case studies of the mining and agricultural industries." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17510/.
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This thesis reports on an exploratory study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a developing countries context and with special reference to the mining and agricultural industries in Malawi. CSR in Malawi is progressively becoming a significant and complex area of investigation not only for business ethics scholars, but also to development scholars and practitioners. It is considered a crucial issue not only because of the complexity of the social, economic and political environment in which companies operate, but also because of the many social and environment impacts which business activities have on Malawian society. Whereas it is generally accepted that firms have moral responsibilities to respond to societal issues, crucially, evidence suggests that there has been lack of consensus on the nature of the responsibilities which a company should assume in a given society. Hence, the enlightened self-interest and stakeholder theories are critically examined to provide insights and inform the exploratory but empirically based CSR research which is fundamental to this thesis. Using a qualitative interpretative based case study strategy, this study examined the CSR agenda pursued by two firms operating in the mining and agricultural industries in Malawi. Findings from this study suggests that the current form of the CSR agenda practised by the case study companies in Malawi is largely guided by instrumental rationality rather than the normative perspective; the perspective some CSR theorists consider to associated with the CSR agenda pursued by companies in the developing countries. As such, this viewpoint can be understood to have a profound influence on the extent to which these companies make decisions about the CSR initiatives and stakeholder engagement practices they pursue as part of their CSR agenda in Malawi. This study makes the following contributions to the wider CSR literature. Firstly, it has provided an empirically based investigation of the CSR agenda in Malawi, and has directly contributed to attempts by scholars to develop an in-depth understanding of the nature of CSR in a developing country context; an area which is currently under-researched. Specifically, it has not only provided insights into managerial and stakeholders’ perceptions about CSR and about CSR drivers, but has also attempted to explore the link between the CSR agenda and the stakeholder engagement practices which the case study companies pursued. Secondly, this study pushes the normative frontier by showing that stakeholder engagement can be strategic, and can be used by companies in developing countries to pursue long-term corporate interests. It has done so by showing that corporate stakeholder salience patterns are a reflection of a series of complex interactions between instrumental influences (business case) and industry influences on firm. Finally, by having a combined focus on the stakeholder and the enlightened self-interest theories, this thesis has addressed the dearth of CSR research that draws insights from both perspectives in order to have a better understanding of variations in corporate orientations towards societal issues.
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Wall, Reinius Sandra. "Tourism attractions and land use interactions : Case studies from protected areas in the Swedish mountain region." Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-954.
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Byahut, Sweta. "Influence of land use characteristics on household travel related emissions: A case of Hamilton County, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342716550.
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Chileshe, Roy Alexander. "Land tenure and rural livelihoods in Zambia: case studies of Kamena and St. Joseph." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study explores how land and natural resources in rural communities are accessed, used, and managed in livelihoods. In particular it examines first, crop field tenure, and livelihoods in natural resources. Second it explores factors that mediate access, use and control of land and natural resources within village communities. Empirical data are explored from two rural village communities of Kamena and St. Joseph located in the Northern and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia respectively. The study argues first that land and natural resource rights underpin land based livelihood activities of rural people, the most important of which are subsistence and cash crop farming, and the gathering and processing of common property resources. Second the thesis argues that land tenure reform impacts on the rural population as a whole and not just on cash crop farmers, and should thus situate the needs of farmers for secure tenure within the wider context of diverse rural household livelihood strategies. The study concludes that social differences (along the axes of wealth, gender and descent), traditional institutions (uxorilocal or virilocal marriage, polygamy, inheritance and succession) and government policy are central in determining access, use and control of land and natural resources in rural livelihoods. It is submitted that, rather than being replaced, customary land tenure, and traditional land administration structures in rural Zambia should be adapted to current social and economic realities in which individuals and households create their multiple livelihoods. Further, it is concluded that land tenure reform is not a sufficient condition for rural livelihood sustainability. Thus complementary agrarian measures to address the vulnerability context of rural households are recommended.
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Runner, Adam D. "Investigating informal development: a case study of Kibera and Sultanbeyli." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8617.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jason Brody
As global development trends continue, planners and social scientists of the future will have an increasingly pressing responsibility to effectively and sensitively address and interact with informal development. This report seeks to provide theoretical research to expand the knowledge base of planners and social scientists with respect to informal development. It aims to begin to explore and explain how informal development and living conditions interact, and to understand what the role of the planner and social scientist should be in interfacing with informal development in the future. Through case study this report considers two distinct typologies of informal settlements in order to compare and contrast factors in each settlement‘s history and development, living conditions, and overarching administrative relationships to identify trends in the development and manifestation of informal settlements.
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Cook, Isabel Christine. "Intra-organizational opportunities and career paths for managers : case studies in the UK automotive industry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55487/.
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This thesis examines intra-organizational opportunities and career paths for managers in the context of a general trend of downsizing. The thesis presents new evidence on the impact of the trend on the traditional career and aims to produce an analysis that moves beyond the optimistic and pessimistic accounts. The strength of an in-depth investigation was sought in companies within the same industrial environment and labour market. All the research sites are in the automotive sector and geographically located in the Midlands, England. Field work was carried out at Rover Group Ltd., LucasVarity Aerospace Ltd., GKN Automotive Driveline Division UK Operations Plc., and Valeo (UK) Wipers Systems Ltd., and covered also Mayflower Vehicle Systems Plc. and Peugeot Motor Company Plc. as ancillary sources of information. This is a long-established sector of the economy where change may have a more dramatic impact. The case-study was the format chosen as the best suited for my predominantly exploratory endeavour. The main tools of data collection were a questionnaire and semi- structured interviews directed at managers. The former concentrated on core matters such as the managers' education and past career paths. The latter enabled deep-probing so as to explore detail and perceptions. Primarily with a qualitative orientation, collected data were sorted and analysed within categories that emerged from inside this same material. A quantitative element was incorporated with a complementary controlling function. This joint approach elicited findings which answered some important questions. In face of a pessimistic literature on managers in the downsized organization, Dopson and Stewart (1990) suggested that there might still be some hope. Other optimistic authors came to emphasize managerial empowerment to an extreme, notably Heckscher (1995) with the vision of a `professional' manager in a post-corporate era. My results can be linked, instead, to existing studies that adopt a middle ground between optimism and pessimism, such as Watson's (1994) and, more recently, Gratton et al. 's (1999). My own distinctive contribution is two-fold. The boundaries of current knowledge are expanded at an empirical level with fresh evidence on the management career, revealing how managers are making sense of, and living with, a situation of career uncertainty and pressure. At an analytical level, the thesis develops a theoretical model which condenses the key conclusions of the present research study and depicts the emerging structure of a spiral career, with limited upward movement for many and further spiralling upwards for the minority. The former is for `the majority of us'; the latter is for the `high flyers' and the `shining stars'. Optimism applies to this group while for the rest there is not uniform reluctance but realistic acceptance of the situation by many combined with cynicism expressed by some.
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Fernandes, Ruiz Ricardo. "Alternative land uses to forestry in the Western Cape : a case study of La Motte plantation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53247.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African government started the restructuring process of the state’s forest assets in 1998. The privatisation process includes all the assets of the South African Forestry Company (SAFCOL) and half of the former homelands’ 150 000 hectares of forest. In August 2000 SAFCOL released their “Operational Plan for Implementing Exit from Forestry in the Southem-Cape Portion of the Western Cape Region”. This plan identified only major land uses (agriculture, forestry, and conservation). A more detailed and intensive land evaluation study was required to specify land utilisation types that are tailor-made to each land unit of the study area. The main intention of this research study is to develop a more detailed evaluation process that elaborates on the land uses proposed by SAFCOL, which is site-specific in terms of the type of agricultural system to be used on specific areas, or the type of indigenous vegetation to be restored in conservation areas. La Motte plantation was taken as the case study and the SAFCOL digital database for the study area was used as the input data. The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) was the computer software package used to build the expert system to evaluate land according to the method presented in the FAO 1976 report. The ALES model built in this research study had 15 decision trees (one per land utilisation type) resulting in a total of 1678 branches, which relate land characteristics to severity levels of land qualities. During the computation of an evaluation ALES attempts to place each map unit into one of the four severity levels of land qualities within each landutilisation type. Physical suitability of each land unit for each land utilisation type was determined by the maximum limitation method. ALES is not a GIS and does not by itself display maps. The evaluation result matrix was exported into ArcMap for further optimisation and geographical analysis to enable the spatial representation of the results. After completion, taking into account the theoretical background, optimal terrain units were identified for the different land uses considered and the results are presented as tables and maps. Fynbos is the most suitable alternative land use for the study area followed by Pears, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay vines. Pinotage, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc vines were least suitable as alternatives. The study found that the SAFCOL’s database is not sufficient to meet the requirements of a detailed site-specific land evaluation process. The polygon attribute table of the soil coverage only provided a subset of the land characteristics necessary to build and run the model. Data fields like soil form, depth, drainage, wetness, terrain type, aspect and climatic information had to be created because most of the data provided were in a non-digital form. The database was not complete and more precise data are needed to improve the system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het in 1998 met die herstruktureringsproses van die bosboubates van die Staat begin. Die privatiseringsproses het al die bates van die Suid-Afrikaanse Bosboumaatskappy (SAFCOL) en die helfte van die vorige tuislande se 150 000 hektaar ingesluit. In Augustus 2000 het SAFCOL sy Operasionale Plan vrygestel vir die implementering van sy onttrekkingsprogram van bosbou uit die Suid-Kaap gedeelte van die Weskaap-streek. Hierdie plan het slegs die hoof landgebruike geidentifiseer, bv. landbou, bosbou en natuurbewaring. ‘n Meer gedetaileerde en intensiewe grondgebruikstudie was nodig om geskikte gebruikstipes te identifiseer wat optimale altematiewe gebruike spesifiseer vir elke landeenheid in die studie-area. Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsingstudie is om ‘n meer gedetaileerde proses te ontwikkel ter uitbreiding van die altematiewe landgebruike wat deur SAFCOL voorgestel was. Hierdie voorstel moet meer ligging-spesifiek wees in terme van die tipe landbougewas of die tipe inheemse plantegroei wat in natuurbewaringsgebiede gevestig moet word. Die La Motte-plantasie is as voorbeeld gebruik om hierdie gevalle-studie te doen en die inligting is vanaf die SAFCOL digitale databasis verkry. Die rekenaar sagteware-pakket wat gebruik is om die land-evalueringstelsel te bou, is die “Automated Land Evaluation System” (ALES). Dit berus op die metode wat in die verslag van die FAO in 1976 voorgestel is. Die ALES model wat in hierdie navorsingstudie benut is, het 15 beslissingsbome (“decision-trees”) (een per landgebruikstipe) wat ‘n totaal van 1678 vertakkings lewer. Landeienskappe word hierdeur in verband gebring met verskillende geskiktheidsvlakke vir verskillende gewasse. Gedurende die berekening van hierdie evaluasie, het ALES elke gebiedseenheid in een van die vier geskiktheidsvlakke per grondgebruikstipe geplaas. Fisiese geskiktheid van elke landeenheid vir elke grondgebruikstipe is bepaal deur die maksimum beperkingsmetode. ALES is nie ‘n GIS nie en op sy eie vertoon dit nie kaarte nie. Die uitslag van die geskiktheidsmatriks is na ArcMap uitgevoer vir verdere optimisering en geografiese analises ten einde die resultate ruimtelik voor te stel. Na afhandeling, met inagneming van die teoretiese agtergrond, is optimale terrein-eenhede gei'dentifiseer met inagneming van die verskillende landgebruike en is die resultate in tabel en kaartvorm aangebied. Fynbos is die mees geskikte altematiewe landgebruik vir die studiegebied gevolg deur Pere, Sauvignon Blanc en Chardonnay wingerde. Pinotage, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon en Cabernet Franc wingerde is minder geskikte altematiewe. Die studie het bevind dat die SAFCOL databasis nie voldoende was om aan die vereistes van ‘n gedetaileerde liggingspesifieke landevalueringsproses te voldoen nie. Die poligoon-attribuuttabel van die grondoorleg het net ‘n subversameling van die landeienskappe verskaf wat benodig was om die model te bou en uit te voer. Datavelde soos grondvorm, diepte, dreinering, vogtigheid, terreintipe, hellingrigting en klimaatinligting moes geskep word, omdat meeste van die data wat verskaf is nie in ‘n digitale vorm beskikbaar was nie. Die databasis was nie volledig nie en meer presiese data word benodig om die stelsel verder te verbeter.
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Liao, Pei-Ling. "The adaptation of the cultural and creative industries cluster policy in Eastern Asian cities : the case studies in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5229/.
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Cultural and creative industries (CCIs) clusters have been a privileged policy approach to expand urban and economic development in Eastern Asian cities, such as Singapore, Hong-Kong, Shang-Hai and Taipei. Most CCIs clusters examples in Eastern Asian cities, combine both urban planning and economic rationales and take the form of mega-projects and various initiatives. These restricted economic and planning approaches generate debates on the effects of cluster policy on the development of CCIs in Eastern Asian cities because policy-makers emphasize the economic effect of CCIs, but neglect the local contexts in terms of existing and potential markets and consumption levels. The thesis presents a more holistic approach including cultural, economic and planning components to assess the effectiveness of a bottom-up initiative Hua-Shan Cultural Park and a top-down initiative NanKang Software Industrial Park in Taipei. The research is based on a longitudinal approach and discusses the perspectives of the various actors involved in this initiative over time: the cluster operators, the policy makers and the CCIs representatives (including individual workers, companies and NGOs). By contrasting these different perspectives, this article demonstrates the types of issues, conflicts and compromises that can happen during the implementation process of cluster policies as well as potential emerging collaboration and impacts on CCIs actors. This thesis concludes by exploring the implications of taking into account the local contexts when implementing such policies and further suggests ways for policy makers to better do so in Eastern Asian cities.
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Kiang, Kam-yin, and 姜錦燕. "Planning for conservation: a case study of Stanley." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257562.
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Jencks, James. "A case study of four North American casino communities : comparative physical land use impacts, based on regional monopoly status." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67438.
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Yung, Hung-tan Nelson, and 翁胸坦. "Office land use planning and Information Technology (IT): a case study of banking sector in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260457.
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Spilotros, Asia. "The Impact of Implementing Different Cordon Size Designs on Land Use Patterns in Portland, OR." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5095.
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The purpose of this research dissertation is to compare the effects of using small, medium, and large cordon designs in road tolling on residential and commercial neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon. Changes in land use patterns are assessed by comparing the projected output of each cordon scenario to a "no toll" alternative in 2035. The performance of each cordon design is tested using two different prices ($1.65 and $8) and compared to a default scenario 25 years after the initial implementation in MetroScope's year 0, 2010. The following areas embedded within the cordon perimeter were considered in determining changes in land use: all the zones closest to the boundaries, the entire city of Portland, and the neighborhood towns surrounding Portland.
Understanding the impact of choosing the "right" cordon size on economic development and residential location choices can be of utmost interest to lawmakers when they assess economic development policies.
Unanswered questions remain regarding the impact a cordon scheme has on economic development and business location decisions, as well as its effect on the spatial pattern in the city. While studies on optimal toll pricing are abundant, there are very few studies that determine the optimal cordon location and size for a particular network. Accordingly, a critical question is whether cordon pricing will influence the centralization or decentralization of land use and affect jobs, population, and economic activities. The implementation of a cordon scheme is expected to affect areas both inside and outside of the designated perimeter and is further expected to contribute to changes that will affect land use. Existing studies have ignored land use effects and, instead, assume a monocentric city model.
What sets this study apart is that instead of using a monocentric model to test the hypothetical cordon scenarios, the MetroScope model is used to predict changes in economy, demographics, and land use. The MetroScope model is one of only a few models that can assist in forecasting changes in both land use and prices.
This study found primary evidence that the implementation of diverse sizes of cordon designs differently affect residential and non-residential land use patterns and trends.
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Selkregg, Sheila Ann. "The Decision and Rationale which Led to Construction on High-risk Land after the 1964 Alaska Earthquake: Analysis of Risk-based Cultural Dissociation." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1302.
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Many lives and much property are lost in disasters when individuals and communities choose to ignore information which could mitigate the potential disaster. This case study examines community and individual decision processes and rationale which led to construction of a high-occupancy high-rise courthouse on land designated as high risk after the 1964 Alaska earthquake. The study reviews policy and decision making, psychology, and risk management literature to explore the psychological mechanisms and processes of hazard mitigation decisions.
It questions why individuals and communities choose not to mitigate when they have the information which makes risk mitigation possible. The hypothesis theorizes risk-based cultural dissociation and submits that individuals and society process risk-related information in a manner that allows for interpretation and acknowledgement of information so that it is compatible with individual and social agendas and constructs. Society and individuals can and do completely deny or dissociate from risk-related information.
This exploratory research uses macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis to examine the environmental setting, land ownership and power, and professional and public seismic information. This examination is placed in the context of Anchorage's post-earthquake reconstruction momentum.
Indepth interviews with elected officials, a bank president, insurance executives, investors, builders, appointed officials, private and public professionals, court representatives, a judge, a juror, and citizens provide insight into risk perception and individual and community agendas. The interviews revealed each level of analysis had different perceptions of risk and different agendas.
Professional warnings not to reconstruct on high-risk land were ignored. Downtown economic interests and powerful individuals significantly impacted the community decision process. One charismatic leader played a major role in the community reconstruction and courthouse decisions.
Research findings support the hypothesis. Individuals consistently chose to deny earthquake potential in their daily lives. Selective interpretation of information allowed individuals to support their own agendas. Community decision processes allowed deletion of important information and a transference of responsibility, resulting in no decision body or individual feeling responsible for the decision. Risk-based cultural dissociation is defined and presented in this research as a direction for future study.
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Chan, Hoo-kong Patrick, and 陳浩江. "Redevelopment of Mong Kok KCR station phase 2." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258372.
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Ngobeni, Ntombifuthi. "Investigating the introduction of economic land use developments to create rail contra-flow using a strategic model: a case study of Johannesburg." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30937.
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South Africa is still recovering from the effects of the apartheid government and spatial design that marginalises the demographic that resides at the edges and outskirts of cities. The country has come a long way from where it was, but still has a long way to go to eradicate the effects this fragmentation has had on access to socio economic opportunities. Diversifying land use and creating localised economic hubs may provide a helping hand in reducing the need to travel far distances to seek opportunity, and by extension create an attraction for surrounding communities. The dual role of nullifying past prejudice implemented through strategic spatial design while introducing the perspective of using the relationship between land use and transport to create rail contra flow and localised socio-economic hubs is one that can be achieved strategically. The modelling software that will help to demonstrate the model output of the research, which will be a simulation of contra-flow after the introduction of economic land use developments, is PTV VISUM.
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Cruz, Annie Kathleen Freeland. "A critique of the CEQA process in evaluating land use impacts on a transit system : the Natomas Village Center case study." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260618.
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This study examines how well California's Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) evaluates land use redesignations on transit projects, in particular light rail. A case study of the Natomas Village Center, a proposed project in Sacramento, California, is analyzed in relation to its Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and the CEQA process.Specifically, the focus of the investigation is on assessing the impacts of land use changes on the Downtown-Natomas-Airport light rail alignment. The CEQA methodology and how it is employed are critiqued for their effectiveness in documenting and mitigating the environmental impacts on light rail transit adjacent to the Natomas Village Center.Department of Urban Planning
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Pecarski, Randall George. "Comprehensive community planning within B.C. Indian communities : a case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26897.
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This thesis investigates the role and nature of comprehensive community planning (CCP) within B.C. Indian communities, and analyzes the outcomes of a specific CCP experience where an outside consultant and an Indian community concentrated on planning the nature, rather than the product, of the process.
The approach used is a literature review of CCP in B.C. Indian communities and theoretical concepts relevant to this type of planning. The thesis develops a normative definition of CCP which proposes use of five process characteristics that should enhance Indian planning capabilities. These are: a comprehensive scope and approach; a formal/systematic method; a developmental approach; a participatory application; and mutuality of insider/outsider relationships. A case study method is applied to the Similkameen Indian Bands' Comprehensive Community Plan. Analysis of the case uses the CCP definition to identify the nature and outcomes of the process.
Indian experiences and perspectives of community planning indicate control over the process, learning from the process, and communicating in the process are difficult to achieve when outsiders are involved. This thesis argues this is due to a lack of attention to planning the nature of the process itself. For Indian communities preparing for self-government CCP may be an important developmental tool if it: improves their planning process skills and self-management capabilities; and, uses outsiders to facilitate this capacity-building without loss of control over the process.
The Similkameen experience indicates that application of the proposed normative characteristics of CCP is possible. The outcomes of this case suggest that increased attention to the planning process, by insiders and outsiders, improves the nature of the process as well as producing substantive outputs. Improvements to the nature of the process include extensive community participation by involving community members in 'planning for planning'. An intensive effort was made to fully engage community members in the planning process before determining specific directions for substantive planning. Community participation allowed formal/systematic planning methods to be applied with sensitivity to Indian culture. Developmental outcomes of this participatory process include improvements in the community's planning process skills and self-management competency. 'Planning for planning' also resulted in a mutuality of insider/outsider relations to develop. This relationship placed insiders and outsiders on equal terms which contributed to mutual learning and provided opportunities for the community to direct outsiders' work in ways that best served their needs.
A community plan was produced in the Similkameen case that addressed a comprehensive scope of substantive planning areas such as: Band organization and administration; social development; recreation and culture; economic development; infrastructure; and, land use. This a significant outcome given the low completion rate among other B.C. Bands for this type of plan, and the importance of CCP's in guiding overall community development. Self-direction in the full range of community functions is at the heart of self-government. Use of a -comprehensive approach enabled the community to consider inter-relations between proposed substantive actions and to consciously develop priorities for implementation. Several instances of implementation of the Similkameen Plan were observed and expressed by community members which indicate it is being used to direct action in substantive areas.
Case-specific opportunities and constraints faced in preparing the Similkameen Plan are also identified. Constraints included political and organizational complexity, loss of key participants, cultural differences within the community, potential for dependency on the consultant, and time. Opportunities included ease of communication, the Band's desire to improve self-management capabilities, Indian culture, insider/outsider trust, and access to Band planning funds.
Implications of this study for similar communities are identified and areas for future research are suggested.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Schlagintweit, Elizabeth. "The fiscal implications of land use decisions : an analysis of three municipal expenditure-revenue analyses undertaken in Greater Vancouver." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26914.
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This thesis explores the theory and practice of incorporating a financial perspective into land use planning. Although it is well known that land use changes have definite consequences on municipal finances, there is little empirical information to guide municipal planners in analyzing and understanding the fiscal consequences of their decisions.
In this thesis the role of municipal expenditure-revenue analysis in land use planning is analyzed. Municipal expenditure-revenue analysis represents a methodology used to quantify the net cost to a municipal government of providing services to specified land use categories. The nature and historical development of municipal expenditure-revenue analysis is described, and criteria for the evaluation of such analyses are developed. On the basis of these criteria, three municipal expenditure-revenue studies, undertaken in metropolitan Vancouver, are analyzed and evaluated in order to highlight current field practice and key issues in this area of analysis.
The evaluation of the three case studies illustrates that despite considerable efforts on behalf of the analysts involved, the results of the studies have little direct application in planning and policy formulation. All three studies were found to have shortcomings which place in question the reliability and validity of the results. Despite these shortcomings, it is concluded that the process of undertaking expenditure-revenue analysis is valuable in that it provides an explicit framework in which planners and other municipal officials can consider the financial implications of land use decisions.
On the basis of the analysis and evaluation undertaken in this thesis five recommendations are developed which will help analysts to improve the reliability of both the process and results of future expenditure-revenue analysis. This, in turn, will increase the potential of the direct application of these studies' results in planning and policy formulation. The recommendations made in the concluding chapter of this thesis are listed below: (1 ) Municipal expenditure-revenue analysis should be undertaken under objective circumstances;
(2) The resources available to municipal expenditure-revenue studies should allow a thorough and in-depth analysis of the expenditure and revenue associated with the specified land use categories;'
(3) The study methodology should combine the range of approaches discussed in Chapter 2 of this thesis;
(4) Municipal expenditure-revenue analysis should be computerized; and (5) All aspects of an expenditure-revenue analysis should be clearly documented.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Pang, Lai-fai Willy, and 彭禮輝. "An appraisal of the existing environmental protection policies and itsimplications on land use planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30269052.
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Maingi, John Kaunda. "Land use and vegetation change in response to river basin development in the lower Tana Basin of Eastern Kenya." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1998_377_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Wang, Ya Ping. "A comparative study of urban land use planning systems in Scotland and China, with case studies in Edinburgh and Xian." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2117.
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Miao, Zhongzhen. "The impact of China's national system of innovation on bottom-up learning for innovation in firms : case studies of China's automobile and railway equipment sectors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8176/.
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Existing National System of Innovation (NSI) literature mainly focuses on the impact of NSI on national-level or sectoral-level innovations. Whether and how NSI impacts firm-level innovation still lacks comprehensive theoretical exploration. This study aims to address the knowledge gap by developing a theoretical framework to analyse and evaluate how two aspects of institutions in China’s NSI might contribute to the development of a firm’s innovation through bottom-up learning (BUL). The two aspects of institutions in focus are corporate governance and the firm’s access to capital. This research adopts a multiple case study method. 37 in-depth interviews in seven leading firms in China’s automobile and railway equipment sectors were carried out. The case samples included central State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), local SOEs and private firms. The author performed multiple case analyses to identify and examine the impact of corporate governance along with the firm’s access to capital, and how these factors influence the likelihood of the firm’s adoption of BUL practices. This study fills the research gap in three ways. First, by expanding the Corporate Governance and Financial (CG&F) framework by Tylecote and colleagues (Tylecote and Conesa, 1999) this study establishes how NSI shapes a firm’s BUL choices for innovation depending on four institutional factors: (1) whether the top manager of a firm is an insider or outsider, (2) the length of employment of the top manager, (3) the firm’s access to capital, and (4) the level of competition faced by the firm. Second, based on the analysis of the above four factors, a new finding is that central and local SOEs should be separately considered because the institutional conditions they face for BUL for innovation are different. Third, to support the analysis between NSI and BUL, the study operationalises the concept of BUL by systematically introducing five underlying practices.
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Ma, Yin-Shan. "The Correlation between Land-use Mixture and Home-based Trips (The case of the city of Richmond)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2670.
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The city of Richmond has practiced mixed land-use policies to encourage non-private-vehicle commuting for decades based on the successful examples or the empirical evidence of other cities. However, the idea violates one of common logical fallacy—“all things are equal.” Using the indices of land-use diversity, this study explores the correlation between land-use mixture and home-based trip for the city of Richmond. This paper calculates two common indices of land-use mixture—entropy, and dissimilarity. The results indicate that although Richmond’s land-use mixture and home-based trip do have a correlation, the correlation is weak. One possible reason is that socioeconomic actors have a stronger influence on transportation than land-use mixture. However, this assumption still needs further analysis in order to be verified.
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Van, Niekerk Adriaan. "CLUES : a web-based land use expert system for the Western Cape." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1360.
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Turner, David Samuel. "Supportable retail capacity : a downtown Vancouver case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31237.
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Planning for the provision of retail growth and change within our increasingly complex urban areas is a challenge facing all large urban areas in Canada. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the need for retail market analysis and its use as a tool for policy makers in predicting the consequences of long range planning policy options.
This study suggests that the notion of supportable retail floorspace is a concept which relies to a significant extent on non-market forces and as such, meaningful forecasts can only be achieved based on clearly defined regional and local government planning policy.
The literature review discusses the major theoretical contributions in retail evolution and modelling techniques to provide a context for the step-by-step approach to retail market analysis conducted in the case study. This is followed by a review of major trends in retail supply and demand which will affect retail development over the next decade. Lastly, a theoretical review of commercial development trends and an analysis of trends in the G.V.R.D. over the past decade is presented, highlighting the growth of regional town centres.
The case study applies the principles discussed by conducting a trade area analysis to develop a detailed retail expenditure potential model from which supportable retail floorspace estimates for the Downtown Vancouver peninsula are derived. The study utilizes secondary data sources including Statistics Canada, the G.V.R.D., and the City of Vancouver, as well as data from numerous other public and private sources. From the range of "planning options" or market share scenarios run, it becomes clear that the amount of retail floorspace supportable on the downtown peninsula depends to a large extent on regional market and non market forces outside the control of Vancouver planning authorities.
Conclusions derived from the analysis are of both practical and theoretical significance. From a practical standpoint it is clear that Vancouver's downtown peninsula will support additional retail growth over the next decade. However, the wide range of supportable floorspace estimates obtained through the five scenarios run highlights the need for both municipal and regional government to more vigorously identify the role that Downtown Vancouver should play within the regional market into the next century. This would enable the city to be proactive rather than reactive to retail development initiatives and proposals from developers by narrowing the supportable retail capacity to a more meaningful range.
From a theoretical perspective it is demonstrated that the step-by-step approach to market analysis is a useful tool in highlighting the market effects of long range planning options. It is also noted that retail models typically deal almost exclusively with the econoomic aspects of shopping activity and to be truly meaningful retail policy must also include social criteria relating to shopping activity. Furthermore, it is recognized that retail models are best used as a part of a wider analysis for an evaluation of the costs and benefits of retail development which also takes into account other policy fields and issues such as municipal finance, transportation planning, urban form and environmental considerations.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Jaradat, Ruba. "The impact of donor and recipient government policies and practices on the effectiveness of foreign aid to a middle income developing country : case studies from Jordan." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2008. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/2975/.
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This research investigates the foreign aid policies and practices of donor countries and of Jordan, a middle-income aid recipient country, through an examination of case studies of recent aid provision to Jordan. It examines the bearing of these policies on the effectiveness and efficiency of aid projects. The research concentrated on four case studies carefully chosen by the criteria of different donor nations and policies; and the different nature of the projects that cover the four main areas of development needs for Jordan. The case studies consisted of analysis of documentation and outcomes, and significant interviews with the selected participants. The case studies were chosen to explore the different mission statements, policies and practices and included the GTZ- funded Petra Stone Preservation Project, the USAIDfunded ICT Initiative, the DFID-funded Capacity Building in the Management of Jordan’s Education Services Project, and the JICA-funded Improvement of Water Supply System to Greater Amman Project. The study examines the effectiveness of aid in poor policy environments. It shows that the role of donors in ensuring the effectiveness of the aid they present goes beyond selecting recipients based on their policies and governance. Indeed, foreign aid is not donor-neutral and its effectiveness is not only dependent on the quality of governance and institutions of the recipients. The research demonstrates that a donor’s national interests and the influence of stakeholders determine the course and benefits of aid, and that judgements of success or failure vary between the standpoints of the donor and the recipient. The study investigates the impact of a number of variables on the effectiveness of foreign aid. Those variables include aid project design and delivery mechanisms, and institutional capacity and cultural constraints of aid recipients. The research focuses on relationships between donors and recipients and the differences in interests and objectives. It also looks at the impact of conditionality and tied aid on the sustainable benefits of the aid intervention. ii Although existing literature does address some of these considerations, there is very little direct evidence which links development theory with detailed practical examples. Where such examples are available, they are invariably weighted heavily by evidence which originates with, and is interpreted through, donor perceptions. This study provides a balanced analysis of four initiatives taking account of both donor and recipient expectations, experiences and assessments.
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Kirkpatrick, Emma. "Modeling the Suitability of Landscapes for Managed Honeybees - A Case Study in the Northern Great Plains." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437147684.
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Manville-Ailles, Marianne. "Authority models of planning and their influences on the 7-Utes Mountain case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29982.
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The question which this thesis addresses is how authority or responsibility for decision making influences the planning process. Planning is defined as a process which guides change, is future oriented, leads to action, is on-going, is linked to politics and is socially acceptable. The process consists of a series of sequential steps including goal formulation, identification and evaluation of alternatives, selection of appropriate alternatives, and implementation and evaluation of alternatives.
Three authority models of planning are discussed. They represent three points on a continuum. The Central Authority Model (CAM) is at one end of the continuum and is characterized by a strong well defined central authority which makes all decisions. At the other end of the continuum is the Participatory Adaptive Model (PAM). It is characterized by decentralized authority and the inclusion of impacted interests in all steps of the planning process. The third model discussed, the Lead Agency Model (LAM), lies in the middle of the continuum. It incorporates elements from both of the other models. Authority is somewhat decentralized but decision making is still the responsibility of a well defined authority. The public is, however, included in the planning process to a degree.
A case study of 7-Utes Mountain, located in the northern Colorado Rockies, is presented. Proposals have been submitted to develop the mountain as a destination ski resort. Several levels of government are responsible for making land use decisions for 7-Utes Mountain. Each level of government has a different approach to
decision making. Those different approaches have influenced the land use decisions which have been made regarding the mountain's development or, in this case, non-development.
The decision making approaches used by the different levels of government closely parallel the three authority models of planning. The case study can therefore be defined in a planning context by the models and the results of the planning processes can be analyzed.
It is the conclusion of this work that while each of the models has merit and can be successfully applied, none is by itself appropriate in every circumstance. In fact, more than one model may be necessary to achieve optimal land use decisions. Further, the models must be flexible to account for unanticipated events. Successful planning can be measured by its ability to educate participants and/or result in action. If the plan which results from the planning process is not implemented or if the process does not serve to educate participants, it makes no difference what type of process was used or how authority influenced that process.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Lee, Chang-Bin. "An investigation into the interrelationship between tourism and cultural policy in the discourse of urban regeneration : case studies in Birmingham and Liverpool." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5080/.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, tourism and cultural policy have been seen as an important means of the revival of many western cities. A number of post-industrial cities- some whose principal concern is of improving their economic and physical structures and of transforming their image- have adopted these means as a key element of urban regeneration. This research examines two case studies featuring urban regeneration strategies that have been instrumental in developing tourism and cultural policy and the thinking behind them. Focusing on the case studies of Birmingham and Liverpool, it critically investigates the interrelationship that emerges between tourism and the use of high-profile projects and cultural industries in the discourse of urban regeneration. This research considers four research questions- their concepts as elements in urban policy, the nature of cultural policy and its influence on tourism activities, their implementation associated with place promotion activities, and the effectiveness of cultural policy to develop tourism provision- as constituent parts of a wider justification for the existence of this interrelationship. The findings demonstrate that there is indeed a strong interrelationship between tourism and cultural policy in the discourse of urban regeneration. This research contributes to an emerging and structured dialogue between tourism studies and cultural policy studies to broaden out what has been so far developed in that existing body of knowledge relating to regeneration strategies.
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Ruzow, Holland Ann Hope. "Participatory Planning for a Promised Land: Citizen-Led, Comprehensive Land Use Planning in New York’s Adirondack Park." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1292545997.
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Lau, Oi-ha Joanne, and 劉愛霞. "Planning for the urban-rural fringe areas of Hong Kong: case study of Wo Yi Hop Village." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260561.
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Howard, Jacob M. "Form Based Codes and Economic Impacts: A Multivariate Regression Analysis and Case Study." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2044.
Full textAbstract:
After a 100-year history, traditional zoning practices are being challenged as a contributing factor in a number of social, heath and economic problems facing cities in the United States. In this context, form based codes have emerged as a possible alternative way for cities to guide development. Growing out of the New Urbanist movement, form based codes frequently mix uses, allow for a greater variety of housing types and encourage development that is both denser and more compact. Despite an established literature which links land-use regulations, and zoning in particular, to fiscal outcomes, the impacts that form based codes have on public finance in the growing number of cities which have adopted them has yet to be fully investigated. The goal of this research is to examine if and how form based codes alter property tax and sales tax generation in the cities that adopt them. To examine the relationship between form based codes and public finance a series of two multivariate regression analyses were conducted using historic property and sales tax data. The first regression analysis was performed using the full list of 122 cities which have adopted form based standards from between 1984 and 2009. In an attempt to limit the diversity of sample cities and improve the ability to generalize results a second regression analysis was performed using a smaller list of 47 cities with populations between 50,000 and 200,000 thousand that had adopted form based standards between 1984 and 2009. The results of the first analysis established that a statistically significant positive relationship existed between the presence of form based standards which were implemented citywide and observed property tax revenue both in total and on a per capita basis. Similarly, a statistically significant positive relationship between the presence of form based standards implemented at the neighborhood level and total property tax revenue was observed. No significant relationship was found between the presence of neighborhood level standards and per capita property tax revenue. Further no significant relationship was found between form based standards and sales tax revenue. In general, these findings support the theory that form based codes and the development they allow, does alter the amount of property tax a city collects, but does not support the theory that form based codes affect sales tax revenues by facilitating the development of a more conducive urban, walkable environment or for any other reason. The results of the second regression analysis using data from cities with populations between 50,000 and 200,000 showed a significant positive relationship between the presences of citywide form based standards and total property tax revenue and per capita property tax revenue. Analysis of sales tax data showed a positive relationship between total sales tax revenue and the presence of form based standards at the neighborhood level. No other significant relationship between form based standards and sales tax revenue was observed. Similar, to analysis of all cities, the results for cities with population of 50,000 to 200,000 support the theory that form based codes and the development they allow does alter the amount of property tax a city collects, and that form based codes do not affect sales tax revenues except in the case of codes adopted at the neighborhood level, where a generally positive relationship was identified at the 10% confidence interval. Following this multivariate regression analysis, a case study of Saratoga Springs, New York was completed. Located in the far reaches of the Albany Metropolitan Area, Saratoga Springs developed as a popular tourist destination in the mid 1800’s. After experiencing economic decline in line with that of its peer cities in the mid to late 20th century, Saratoga Springs has experience a boom and now boast some of the highest home values in Upstate New York. In 2003 the city was one of the first in country to adopt form based standards, which have guided a significant amount of development in the city’s historic downtown as the city re-emerged as a popular tourist destination. Since the adoption of form based standards in Saratoga Springs both property tax and sales tax receipts have doubled.
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Rachmawati, Tutik. "Public entrepreneurialism and democratic values : how might local public leaders pursue successful economic development? : case-studies from Indonesian local government." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6654/.
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This thesis focuses on local economic development in developing countries and, on the basis of research conducted in Indonesia, it examines how local governments balance ‘public entrepreneurialism’ with ‘democratic values’. Through four case studies, the thesis explores how the values of innovation and development are matched by concern for democratic accountability and respect for local cultures and traditions. The case-studies provide complementary and contrasting perspectives on local leadership and its impacts on local economic development, focusing respectively on development of the informal economy, exploitation of the potential of technology and the creative industries, modernisation of agriculture, and the securing of increased foreign investment. The key finding from these case-studies is that effective leadership in local economic development does indeed call for the spirit of entrepreneurialism and innovation to be balanced by sensitivity towards local democratic values and principles. However, rather than it being necessary for the formal head of the local government personally to provide the required leadership in both respects, it may equally be feasible for two (or more) different individuals within the hierarchy of the organisation and with respective strengths in entrepreneurialism and democratic values to work together to ensure that the desired balance is indeed achieved.