Academic literature on the topic 'Land use, Rural - Planning - Data processing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Land use, Rural - Planning - Data processing"
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Van Niekerk, Elna. "Visual interpretation of ASTER satellite data, Part II: Land use mapping in Mpumalanga,South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 26, no. 4 (September 22, 2007): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v26i4.137.
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Since the initiation in 1960 of the era of satellite remote sensing to detect the different characteristics of the earth, a powerful tool was created to aid researchers. Many land-use studies were undertaken using Landsat MSS, Landsat TM and ETM, as well as SPOT satellite data. The application of these data to the mapping of land use and land cover at smaller scales was constrained by the limited spectral and/or spatial resolution of the data provided by these satellite sensors. In view of the relatively high cost of SPOT data, and uncertainty regarding the future continuation of the Landsat series, alternative data sources need to be investigated. In the absence of published previous research on this issue in South Africa, the purpose of this article is to investigate the value of visual interpretation of ASTER satellite images for the identification and mapping of land-use in an area in South Africa. The study area is situated in Mpumalanga, in the area of Witbank, around the Witbank and Doorndraai dams. This area is characterised by a variety of urban, rural and industrial land uses. Digital image processing of one Landsat 5 TM, one Landsat 7 ETM and one ASTER satellite image was undertaken, including atmospheric correction and georeferencing, natural colour composites, photo infrared colour composites (or false colour satellite images), band ratios, Normalised Difference Indices, as well as the Brightness, Greenness and Wetness Indices. The efficacy with which land use could be identified through the visual interpretation of the processed Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 TM and ASTER satellite images was compared. The published 1:50 000 topographical maps of the area were used for the purpose of initial verification. Findings of the visual interpretation process were verified by field visits to the study area. The study found that the ASTER satellite data produced clearer results and therefore have a higher mapping ability and capacity than the Landsat satellite data. Hence, it is anticipated that the use of the full range of the spectral resolution of the ASTER satellite data – which were not available for this study – in statistical pattern recognition and classification methods will enhance the value of the process. Statistical methods are often used to produce visual information which could be applied to prepare land-use change inventories. This should be addressed in future research projects. Should the Landsat programme be terminated, ASTER satellite data might provide the best alternative for a variety of research projects, but if the Landsat project is continued, the ASTER satellite data could be used very effectively in conjunction with the Landsat satellite data. Since it is foreseen that the ASTER satellite data will be available for at least the next 12 to 15 years, it will continue to provide exciting possibilities for the development of programmes to monitor land-use and land-use change. This could then be used by all three levels of government to reach their goals in terms of agricultural planning, town and regional planning and environmental management. These requirements are described in the Integrated Development Programmes (IDP) of the different local governments.
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Mundhe, N. "IDENTIFYING AND MAPPING OF SLUMS IN PUNE CITY USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-57-2019.
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Abstract. In India, rapid growth of slums in urban areas, especially in metropolitan cities, has become a major problem for the planners and decision-makers. The slum expansion is mainly due to the rural-urban migration and pressure of the population on un-used, un-protected, and un-suitable public land. It leads to many issues like poverty, unemployment, lack of access to clean water, lack of durable housing, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, insufficient living area, inadequate sanitation, scarcity of land, inappropriate land use, skyrocketing land value and insecure tenure, etc. Planning controls are usually ineffective in slum areas due to lack of timely information and people having little regard for such things in the absence of any other alternative. In most of the municipal bodies, proper updated information/map of slums are not available, which, create a problem in the decision-making process. Thus, there is an imperative need to resolve above-mentioned issues with the help of Geospatial techniques. This paper aims to identify and mapping of slums in Pune City using Geospatial techniques. The slums were identified based on high-resolution satellite images such as Resourcesat-2 (LISS-IV) data with the help of visual interpretation and standard image processing techniques, i.e., image rectification, enhancement, and classification. Afterward, the database was created and labeled with the help of the GIS tool. In Pune, there is around 40 percent of the urban population resides in slums. Such a large proportion of slum population also adds to the burden of already scarce resources and on overall urban infrastructure. The entire slum population of the city was accommodated in a total of 477 slums of which 238 and 239 were declared and undeclared slums respectively. The most of the slums in Pune mainly occurred in the central part due to natural increases as well as migration. But, the peripheral areas it’s happen due to vacant land/open areas along to river, canal, railway line and hill slope. The study reveals that more than 200 slums are located near environmentally sensitive areas and encroachment activities are increased in southern part of the city i.e., Ambegaon Bk., Vithhal Nagar and Warje areas.
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Delmanto Júnior, Osmar, Sergio Campos, Lincoln Gehring Cardoso, and Zacarias Xavier de Barros. "DETERMINAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE USO DAS TERRAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MANUEL - SP." IRRIGA 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2003): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2003v8n2p142-149.
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DETERMINAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE USO DAS TERRAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MANUEL - SP Osmar Delmanto JuniorSérgio CamposLincoln Gehring CardosoZacarias Xavier de BarrosDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: seca@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO Esse trabalho objetivou a elaboração da carta de capacidade de uso das terras do Município de São Manuel - SP, visando o planejamento adequado da ocupação do solo, utilizado-se de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A bacia situa-se entre as coordenadas geográficas 22º 28’ 20” e 22º 53’ 10” de latitudes S e os meridianos 48º 21’ 52” e 48º 48’ 00” de longitudes W Gr., apresentando uma área de 60.988ha. O mapa de capacidade de uso da terra do município foi elaborado a partir dos mapas de classes de declive e de solo, tomando-se por base as características de cada um e utilizando-se da tabela de julgamento de classes de capacidade de uso. As áreas da classe e subclasses de capacidade de uso das terras determinadas pelo SIG –IDRISI foram: IIe,s (22,64%); IIIe (8,62%); IIIe,s (15,83%); IIIs (29,97%); IVe (10,82%); VIe (3,95%) e VIIe (0,96%). Os resultados permitiram inferir que as subclasses mais significativas foram a IIIs e IIe,s. As classes de declive de 0 a 20% ocorrem em mais de ¾ do Município, sendo as áreas planas, as mais representativas, pois ocorrem em quase 1/3 da área total. O SIG mostrou-se uma excelente ferramenta para determinação da capacidade de uso da terra, demonstrando que a utilização do geoprocessamento facilita e agiliza o cruzamento dos dados digitais, permitindo seu armazenamento, que poderão ser utilizados para outras análises em futuros planejamentos geoambientais. UNITERMOS: Sistema de Informações Geográficas, unidades de solo, classes de declive, capacidade de uso da terra DELMANTO JUNIOR, O.; CAMPOS S.; CARDOSO, L.G.; BARROS, Z.X. LAND USE CAPABILITY DETERMINATION OF SÃO MANUEL MUNICIPALITY-SP 2 ABSTRACT The present work purposed a land use capability chart development from São Manuel Municipality-SP using a Geographical Information System - Idrisi aiming to contribute for a better territorial organization and soil occupation planning. The basin is located in the 22º 28’ 20” geographical co-ordinates at 22º 53’ 10” S latitude, 48º 21’ 52” and 48º 48’ 00” meridian of W Gr. longitude, presenting an area of 9180,12ha. The chart of the basin land use capability was elaborated from the soil and sloping class charts based on each one characteristics and using the class table of use capability. The class and subclass areas determined through the Geographical Information System IDRISI presented the following values: IIe,s (22,64%), IIIe (8,62%), IIIe,s (15,83%), IIIs (29,97%), IVe (10,82%), VIe (3,95%) and VIIe (0,96%). The results allowed to infer that the most significant sub classes were IIIs and IIe,s. The 0 to 20% sloping classes have occurred in more than ¾ of the district. Plane areas were the most significant since they occur in nearly 1/3 of the whole area. The Geographical Information System IDRISI has been an excellent tool to determine land use capability, specially related with geo-processing use. The later also facilitates the input, analysis and display of spatial environmental information as well as data digital storage which could be used for other analyses in further geo-environmental design. KEYWORDS: Geoprocessing, land-use capability, Geographical Information Systems.
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Zheng, Cai Gui, Dao Xian Yuan, Qing Yuan Yang, Xiao Cheng Zhang, Shi Chuan Li, and Yong Qing Wang. "Study on Reconstructing Chinese Territorial Planning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3593.
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This paper researches on the territorial system of urban and rural integration to provide reference resources for solving urban-rural dual economy and society structure and land-use management. Methods of documentary data and theory are applied. The result of study indicates that: (1) build up five-level territorial planning at national, province, district, county and regional level to strategically arrange land-use; (2) build up line planning of various types of land to manage scientifically and efficiently; (3) compile land reclamation planning at town-level, village planning to enrich land use detailed planning and promote operation of available; (4) form long-term territorial planning, five-year line planning and annual land use program. The conclusion of this paper shows that: (1) modify urban-rural planning law to unify the planning law provisions; (2) establish planning management committee to unify management of urban-rural territorial; (3) work out unified basic map and standard land classification to unify technical standard system; (4) improve the degree of public participation at different planning stage; (5) implement planning qualification management and industry access system and strengthen planning implementation and modification supervision management.
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McIntyre, Neil, Caroline Ballard, Michael Bruen, Nataliya Bulygina, Wouter Buytaert, Ian Cluckie, Sarah Dunn, et al. "Modelling the hydrological impacts of rural land use change." Hydrology Research 45, no. 6 (March 27, 2013): 737–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.145.
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The potential role of rural land use in mitigating flood risk and protecting water supplies continues to be of great interest to regulators and planners. The ability of hydrologists to quantify the impact of rural land use change on the water cycle is however limited and we are not able to provide consistently reliable evidence to support planning and policy decisions. This shortcoming stems mainly from lack of data, but also from lack of modelling methods and tools. Numerous research projects over the last few years have been attempting to address the underlying challenges. This paper describes these challenges, significant areas of progress and modelling innovations, and proposes priorities for further research. The paper is organised into five inter-related subtopics: (1) evidence-based modelling; (2) upscaling to maximise the use of process knowledge and physics-based models; (3) representing hydrological connectivity in models; (4) uncertainty analysis; and (5) integrated catchment modelling for ecosystem service management. It is concluded that there is room for further advances in hydrological data analysis, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods and modelling frameworks, but progress will also depend on continuing and strengthened commitment to long-term monitoring and inter-disciplinarity in defining and delivering land use impacts research.
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Zhao, Mei, Yi Min Nie, Jian Hua Zhang, and Yang Wang. "Study on Layout Suitability of Rural Settlement at County Level Based on GIS — A Case Study of Pingyi." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1170.
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The construction and development of rural is the basis of social harmony and stability. Suitability evaluation of Land is the early stage of land planning. At present, research on suitability evaluation in China is more focused on agricultural land and urban construction land than rural construction land. This paper take Pingyi County as an example, with the new round of land planning and site survey data, by using GIS spatial analysis function, carried out the layout suitability evaluation of rural settlement, offered solutions for solving the extensive land use problems in current construction of the rural settlement such as disordering,hollowing and “one household, multiple houses”, improving the “dirty, disordering and poor” phenomemon of village living environment, changing the lagging situation that all sorts of infrastructure and public facilities in the village, meanwhile provided a theoretical basis for the rural settlement planning in the new round of land planning and consolidation.
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Subakanya, Mitelo, Gelson Tembo, and Robert Richardson. "Land Use Planning and Wildlife-Inflicted Crop Damage in Zambia." Environments 5, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5100110.
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Damage to crops from wildlife interference is a common threat to food security among rural communities in or near Game Management Areas (GMAs) in Zambia. This study uses a two-stage model and cross-sectional data from a survey of 2769 households to determine the impact of land use planning on the probability and extent of wildlife-inflicted crop damage. The results show that crop damage is higher in GMAs as compared to non-GMAs, and that land use planning could be an effective tool to significantly reduce the likelihood of such damage. These findings suggest that there is merit in the current drive to develop and implement land use plans to minimize human-wildlife conflict such as crop damage. This is especially critical as Zambian conservation policies do not explicitly provide compensation for damage caused by wildlife.
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Kleef, H. van, and T. J. Linthorst. "Geographic information for land-use management." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i3.16786.
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Interest in non-urban areas in the Netherlands has greatly increased. This necessitates careful management, especially in rural areas which are affected by the influence of urbanization. Knowledge of the local situation is increasingly important. These trends have had a considerable impact on the development of land use planning and policy. The number of computerized information systems for geographic information has increased considerably. New techniques have been developed to collect and present geographic information, by means of digitizing maps and the use of drawing machines in direct communication with computers. The paper discusses the requirements of geographic information systems with special attention to linking of geographic data and flexible output. Finally, some developments in land use management are presented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Ho, Samuel P. S., and George C. S. Lin. "Emerging Land Markets in Rural and Urban China: Policies and Practices." China Quarterly 175 (September 2003): 681–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741003000407.
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This article examines the evolution of China's land system in the past two decades. Since the early 1980s, China has altered its land use arrangements and introduced new regulations to manage land use changes. In the process the administrative allocation of land to users has been transformed into a complex hierarchical system of primary and secondary markets for land use rights. The changes in China's land system were adopted primarily for two reasons: to develop land markets to allocate land more efficiently and to protect agricultural land. An analysis of available data suggests that the development of land markets is still at an early stage, that the conversion of land to non-agricultural use continues but at a slower pace, and that illegal land use is pervasive. The article concludes with an assessment of the new land system and a discussion of some likely future changes.
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Appiah, Divine Odame, Felix Asante, and Bernice Nketiah. "Perspectives on Agricultural Land Use Conversion and Food Security in Rural Ghana." Sci 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010014.v1.
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Rapid peri-urbanization has resulted in increasing demand for and pressure on peri-urban lands at the expense of agricultural lands. Households’ decision to convert from agricultural land uses to residential and commercial land uses is driven by a myriad of factors, ranging from social to economic, in the Asante-Akim South district of the Asante region, Ghana. The paper examined the effects of agricultural land use trade-off on food production in the district. Using a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods, 115 household respondents were proportionately sampled from three selected communities in the district, for the collection of data through the administration of questionnaires. The data were subjected to the Pearson’s chi-square, embedded in the SPSS V.16, to test for association among the variables. We report that the increasing rate of agricultural land uses conversions was as a result of increasing demand for residential and commercial land usage at the expense of agricultural land uses. Converting prime agricultural lands into other land uses was seen as profitable to agricultural expansion. A re-examination of the district land use plans by the Ghanaian Physical (Town and Country) Planning Department in tandem with the Lands Commission is therefore recommended.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land use, Rural - Planning - Data processing"
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Miller, David B. "Decision support systems for land evaluation : theoretical and practical development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24865.
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The challenge of resolving land use allocation and policy questions depends to a large degree on the conversion of data into information, and the effective integration of information into the decision process. Land evaluation is one of the fundamental means of generating information for land planning. Information products have however, been inconsistently and ineffectively used in the decision process.
This thesis develops a decision centered approach to land evaluation as a response to this concern. Included in this development is a description of important theoretical concepts, as well as a practical demonstration of the use of decision support systems as a design approach.
Initially, a conceptual model is introduced illustrating the technical and use components of information generation, as well as the adaptive design cycle. Various terms and techniques involved in the technical aspects of land evaluation are reviewed. Decision making concepts including decision structure, environment, analysis, and criteria are outlined. Three existing methods of land evaluation are then compared from a use or decision making perspective.
Having completed a review of current approaches, Decision Support Systems are introduced as a logical progression towards a decision centered approach. Decision Support System design is demonstrated using a portion of the Central Fraser Valley Regional District as a case study area combined with an interactive microcomputer land planning tool (LANDPLAN).
The demonstration emphasizes the advantages of the flexible, interactive capabilities of Decision Support Systems in aiding the decision process. Iterative design is also promoted with several needs identified if a more complete system is to be developed. In particular, data on strategic long term supply and demand factors is required, as well as continuous rating functions for assessing land performance.Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
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Breytenbach, Andre. "GIS-based land suitability assessment and allocation decision-making in a degraded rural environmen." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16599.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rural development problems faced by the impoverished communities in the Transkei, South Africa, are numerous, and environmental degradation has already taken much of its toll. By working at a micro-catchment-level both the socio-economic and biophysical appreciation of the land resources were captured as encapsulated in the concept of resource management domains. Participatory decision-making allowed functional land use goals and evaluation criteria to be incorporated into computerised multi-criteria evaluation and multi-objective land use allocation models in order to reach an idealised or more sustainable land use situation. In the execution of the decision-making process seven procedural steps were followed, which are discussed in detail and applied in the case study. Synthesis of the results emphasised the envisaged rural planning potential of the methods used.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In terme van plattelandse ontwikkeling staar talle probleme die behoeftige gemeenskappe van Transkei, Suid-Afrika, in die gesig en omgewingsdegradering neem ongehinderd sy tol. Deur op ‘n mikro-opvangsgebied vlak te werk kon beide die sosio-ekonomiese en biofisiese waarde van die gebied se hulpbronne bepaal word en uitgebeeld word in hulpbron bestuursdomeine. Deur deelnemende besluitneming is funksionele grondgebruiksdoelwitte en evaluasie kriteria gebruik in gerekenariseerde meervoudige kriteria evaluering en veeldoelige grondgebruiksaanwysingsmodelle ten einde die ideale of ‘n meer volhoubare grondgebruik situasie te verkry. Vir die uitvoering van die besluitnemingsproses is van sewe opeenvolgende stappe gebruik gemaak en die uitvoering daarvan word in diepte bespreek in hierdie gevallestudie. Sintese van die resultate het die potensiaal van hierdie beoogde landelike beplanningsmetodes beklemtoon.
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麥淑嫻 and Shuk-han Ann Mak. "Automating knowledge acquisition and site-selection in a generic knowledge-based GIS system: a theoreticalstudy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240720.
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Mugadza, Precious. "An assessment of the usefulness of spatial agricultural land resource digital data for agritourism and ecotourism." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1125.
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Bourbonnais, Richard Joseph II. "Visual assessment and relational database management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43671.
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Protection of the visual environment begins with a comprehensive
documentation and evaluation of existing conditions followed by the development of guidelines pertaining to future alterations. This thesis examines existing methods of visual assessment and the needs of the land planner for the purpose of understanding the necessary components of evaluating the visual environment effectively. The objective has been to develop a new method of visual documentation and evaluation that can be utilized by land planners for the visual assessment of road corridors.
In order to achieve this objective, a visual assessment of a Significant road corridor
in Blacksburg, Virginia has been conducted. Various necessary components
have been included in the assessment and a relational database management
program has been used in the storage of all collected data. As a result of this process, it was found that a new method, which borrows from past processes, addresses the needs of the land planner, and utilizes an interactive medium for storage of data, is successful in addressing the objective. The new method has been successful in including the necessary components such as qualitative evaluation with adaptive descriptive nomenclature and photographic documentation of the existing corridor.
The database has many qualities which are meaningful to land planners.
Relational database management programs have the capability of storing text as
well as photographs. For land planners to view the various aspects of the corridor,
a simple pressing of their computer mouse button moves the them from one
aspect to another.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Peacock, Peter Graham. "A framework for applying spatial decision support systems in land use planning." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4805.
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For local authorities to manage land policies effectively data bases of land use information that
are current and mirror development on the ground are required. At present local authorities have
no mechanisms in place to acquire maintain and spatially link land use information. Detailed land
use information is not generally available at the local level. Generally little attention is paid to
maintaining the expensive data which is assembled when planning schemes, development plans or projects are prepared. Land use planning has traditionally focussed on the control rather than the facilitation of
development. Details of the actual land use on the ground are generally ignored as tariffs for tax
purposes are set on the zoning of the land or a flat rate rather than the actual land use.
This lack of land use information, which is exacerbated by informal settlement, causes delays in
approving new land uses. There is generally no data available for informal areas and land use
and tenure is subject to the informal rules that have evolved with such settlements. If these areas
are to be included in the formal land management systems, ways of including and maintaining
land use information about these settlements must be developed.
By reviewing land information theory, the South African legal land development framework and
using a small town as a case study, I have shown that provided certain conditions are met a Spatial
Decision Support System (SDSS), designed to record and maintain the land use data necessary to
support land use planning in both formal and informal contexts, could be a valuable land management tool. Such a system should be implemented in partnership with local communities and should;
• support local level land use decision making and regulation
• serve as a land management tool to integrate formal and informal communities
• have mechanisms to keep land use information current
• be transparent about the type of land use information
• develop linkages with regional government to provide detailed land information over time.Thesis (M.Sc.Sur.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
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Kavela, L. T. T. "Developing a land information systems (LIS) application for communal land dispute resolution : a case study of the Oshana Communal Land Board." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3437.
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The issue of land recording and keeping in the Communal Area of Namibia has been
a severe dilemma to the Government. Various types of land disputes are on increase
and continue to be predominant despite various Acts, Policies and other related
Legislations on the Land Administration and Management passed by Namibian
Parliament. Since the establishment of the Oshana Communal Land Board, effort was
made to keep conventional records of information pertaining to land parcels in
communal areas of Oshana Region. However, spatial information about the land
ownership records is still not available in a well-designed and organised system.
The non-existence of Land Information Management (LIM) System using Land
Information Systems (LIS) application as management tool contributed to this
problem. However, Oshana Communal Land Board used manual based system with
incomplete coverage and less comprehensive information. In most cases decision
makers have to make critical decisions based on little or no information.
Therefore, LIM System and data sharing are the major features of the OSHCLB and
in order to facilitate these processes there is a need for the introduction of LIS
application. Adequate land information is crucial to sustainable development and
sound information systems are of vital importance to land management systems. This
is also been expressed in the various reports including the Operational Manual for
Communal Land Board in Namibia.
The user needs and requirements were carefully considered during the data collection
stage. The system was designed using proven methodologies, which were explained
and reasons for the choice is discussed. However, the detailed LIS applications can be
pursued by other researchers or consultants in the future to make the system complete.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
Books on the topic "Land use, Rural - Planning - Data processing"
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Jeffers, J. N. R. Expert systems as decision tools for land use planning. Brussels: FAST Programme, 1987.
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Sloan, Peggy. Improved land use decision-making in rural communities: GIS in the 1990s. Amherst, MA: Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Food and Natural Resources, 1992.
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Hoanh, Chu Thai. Development of a computerized aid to integrated land use planning (CAILUP) at regional level in irrigated areas: A case study for the Quan Lo Phung Hiep region in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Enschede, the Netherlands: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, 1996.
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Dhabriya, S. S. Existing land use system and possible strategy to evolve an optimum land use plan, Jaipur District (rural): Based on the interpretation of satellite remotely sensed data products. Jaipur, Rajasthan, India: Social Policy Research Institute, 1986.
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Zängerle, Rudolf. Ein Informationssystem zur Erzeugung quantitativer Schätzungen für die Planung: Beispiel, schweizerisches Energiewesen. Zürich: Verlag der Fachvereine, 1987.
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Martin, Larry R. G. Monitoring urban development in the Toronto Region employing Landsat Earth Satellite data. [Ottawa, Ont: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation], 1985.
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Costello, Thomas R. Water data management (WDM) system: User guide. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.
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Lewis, David J. A spatial econometric analysis of land-use change with land cover trends data: An application to the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2014.
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Beazley, Susan L. Monitoring changes in agriculture using computer-assisted cartography: Land use. Truro, N.S: Rural Research Centre, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, 1996.
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Institute, International New Town, ed. Model town: Using urban simulation in new town planning. Amsterdam: SUN, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Land use, Rural - Planning - Data processing"
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Adad, Moulay Abdeslam, El Hassane Semlali, and Fatiha Ibannain. "Comprehensive Ontology Model of Moroccan Land Administration Domain Applied to the National Land Governance." In Geospatial Technologies for Effective Land Governance, 28–47. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5939-9.ch003.
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Moroccan land and real estate are characterized by a large number of properties and an advanced and varied typology. Among the related shortcomings is how to identify various land statuses and the stakeholders in the sector. These characteristics of land are multidimensional, including urban, suburban, and rural; land use plan; lands under formal and informal registration systems and multiple regulatory frameworks; the importance for the state, the public, and private individuals; regarding its heritage, urban planning, and taxation; the development projects in each sector; etc. The complex character and distinct fields of land administration in Morocco necessitates the creation of a unified and standardized land data model for use by all public and private actors who have a relationship to land. The present study contributes to the perception of an applied taxonomy and aims to define the basic concepts of the land domain ontology. Such expertise is a prerequisite for land governance and land policy that integrate land and real estate into national development processes.
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Serena Sanseviero, Ermelinda. "Uncertainty Management in Engineering: A Model for the Simulation and Evaluation of the Operations Effectiveness in Land Use and Planning." In Uncertainty Management in Engineering - Topics in Pollution Prevention and Controls [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96519.
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The quality of the environment is essential for our health, our economy and our well-being. However, it faces a number of major challenges, not least those related to climate change, unsustainable consumption and production, and various types of pollution.Spatial planning policies (and EU legislation) protect natural habitats, keep water and air clean, ensure adequate waste disposal, improve knowledge of toxic substances and support the transition of businesses towards a sustainable economyThe goal of the work is to develop a standardized methodology for the monitoring and management of spatial information as the basis for spatial planning. The present work makes use of data analysis methods in spatial planning, where the proposed “mathematical” model is of help in supporting decision making. In fact, certain decisions often arise only from the evaluation of certain parameters, which are always small; it is necessary to consider them all, even in a disaggregated way, and give the right weight to each one. The proposed model describes the territorial system as an interaction between the physical system and the social system; it interpret needs and identify problems concerning the physical system and the social system; and formulate purposes and deduce objectives expressed in quantitative magnitude; formulate forecasts on the consequences of decisions to change the uses of the physical system, through electronic processing. The model could be used to evaluate alternative guidelines for change; andto choose from among the possible alternatives the one that is believed to contribute most to the pursuit of the objectives.
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Tsoumakas, G., and I. Vlahavas. "Land Evaluation - An Artificial Intelligence Approach." In Environmental Information Systems in Industry and Public Administration, 158–66. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-02-0.ch009.
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A major environmental concern of today’s scientists is the inefficient exploitation of natural resources. The land is the ultimate source of wealth and the foundation on which civilization is constructed. Inappropriate land use, leads to destruction of the land resource, poverty and other social problems, and even to the destruction of civilization. To avoid such phenomena, land evaluation is employed, for rational land use planning and appropriate and sustainable use of natural and human resources (Rossiter, 1994). The management of land use is an interdisciplinary activity that relies on large amounts of information from different sources. Land evaluators need to collect information from soil surveyors, climatologists and census takers on land resource. They also need the expert knowledge of soil scientists, agronomists and economists on land use. In addition, land evaluators must select and apply the most appropriate analytical methods to evaluate land qualities and to combine these into overall physical and/or economic suitability. This evaluation is then calibrated against expert judgement and related experience. Finally they must present the results of the evaluation with reports and maps. This output has to be dynamic, considering the continuous refinement of the whole land evaluation process. The above characteristics of land evaluation denote that the management of such a process definitely requires the support of computer systems, especially expert systems, remote sensing and image processing systems, and geographical information systems (GIS). Such systems exist, but they are usually stand-alone units, hence human intervention (land evaluators) for the flow of information from one system towards the other is indispensable. Therefore, integrated systems are highly desirable. The latest research and development trends in this area progressively encompass Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to a greater extent, in order to achieve an optimal performance in the analysis of the vast geographical data. Expert systems were included early on, in an effort to model the domain knowledge of land evaluation from experts. Now, such systems introduce fuzzy logic to cope with uncertainty within the data sources and the inference procedure. Machine learning techniques are also included to model the land evaluation procedures when expert knowledge is insufficient or even absent. In general, there exists an amount of both symbolic and non-symbolic AI techniques, which scientists are keen on combining and integrating with traditional land information systems. This chapter is structured as follows. An overview of three of the most used AI techniques in land evaluation problems is given. Following that, the next section introduces ISLE (Tsoumakas and Vlahavas, 1999), an Intelligent System for Land Evaluation that is designed as a framework for the integration of AI techniques with a geographical information system. The final section discusses conclusions and future trends in this field.
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Sikder, Iftikhar U., Aryya Gangopadhyay, and Nikhil V. Shampur. "Web-Based Geospatial Services." In Geographic Information Systems, 47–65. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch006.
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This chapter characterizes the requirements of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) middleware and its components for dynamic registering and discovering of spatial services specifically for collaborative modeling in environmental planning. The chapter explores the role of Web services with respect to implementation standard and protocols and identifies implementation features for exposing distributed GIS business logic and components via Web services. In particular, the chapter illustrates applications of the interoperability specifications of Open GIS Consortium’s (OGC) Web Mapping Service and (WMS), Web Processing Standards (WPS) with respect to implementation feature. The chapter demonstrates a prototype implementation of collaborative environmental decision support systems (GEO-ELCA- Exploratory Land Use Change Assessment) where Web service-enabled middleware adds core functionality to a Web mapping service. The application demonstrates how individual workspace-based namespaces can be used to perform Web mapping functionality (such as spatial analysis in visualization) through the integration of environmental simulation models to explore collective planning scenario. Built on OGC compliant connector and supports WMS and WPS, the system includes interactive supports for geospatial data query, mapping services and visualization tools for multi-user transactions.
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Sikder, Iftikhar U., Aryya Gangopadhyay, and Nikhil V. Shampur. "Web-Based Geospatial Services." In Web Engineering Advancements and Trends, 281–97. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-719-5.ch017.
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This chapter characterizes the requirements of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) middleware and its components for dynamic registering and discovering of spatial services specifically for collaborative modeling in environmental planning. The chapter explores the role of Web services with respect to implementation standard and protocols and identifies implementation features for exposing distributed GIS business logic and components via Web services. In particular, the chapter illustrates applications of the interoperability specifications of Open GIS Consortium’s (OGC) Web Mapping Service and (WMS), Web Processing Standards (WPS) with respect to implementation feature. The chapter demonstrates a prototype implementation of collaborative environmental decision support systems (GEO-ELCA- Exploratory Land Use Change Assessment) where Web service-enabled middleware adds core functionality to a Web mapping service. The application demonstrates how individual workspace-based namespaces can be used to perform Web mapping functionality (such as spatial analysis in visualization) through the integration of environmental simulation models to explore collective planning scenario. Built on OGC compliant connector and supports WMS and WPS, the system includes interactive supports for geospatial data query, mapping services and visualization tools for multi-user transactions.
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Plant, Jane A., and Barry Smith. "Environmental Geochemistry on a Global Scale." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0028.
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Recent population growth and economic development are extending the problems associated with land degradation, pollution, urbanization, and the effects of climate change over large areas of the earth’s surface, giving increasing cause for concern about the state of the environment. Many problems are most acute in tropical, equatorial, and desert regions where the surface environment is particularly fragile because of its long history of intense chemical weathering over geological timescales. The speed and scale of the impact of human activities are now so great that, according to some authors, for example, McMichael (1993), there is the threat of global ecological disruption. Concern that human activities are unsustainable has led to the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development Our Common Future (Barnaby 1987) and the establishment of a United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development responsible for carrying out Agenda 21, the action plan of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Considerable research into the global environment is now being undertaken, especially into issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and water quality. Relatively little work has been carried out on the sustainability of the Earth’s land surface and its life support systems, however, other than on an ad-hoc basis in response to problems such as mercury poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in Amazonia or arsenic poisoning as a result of water supply problems in Bangladesh (Smedley 1999). This chapter proposes a more strategic approach to understanding the distribution and behavior of chemicals in the environment based on the preparation of a global geochemical baseline to help to sustain the Earth’s land surface based on the systematic knowledge of its geochemistry. Geochemical data contain information directly relevant to economic and environmental decisions involving mineral exploration, extraction, and processing; manufacturing industries; agriculture and forestry; many aspects of human and animal health; waste disposal; and land-use planning. A database showing the spatial variations in the abundance of chemical elements over the Earth’s surface is, therefore, a key step in embracing all aspects of environmental geochemistry. Although environmental problems do not respect political boundaries, data from one part of the world may have important implications elsewhere.
Conference papers on the topic "Land use, Rural - Planning - Data processing"
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ATKOCEVIČIENĖ, Virginija, Jolanta VALČIUKIENĖ, Daiva JUKNELIENĖ, and Edita JUOČYTĖ. "LAND USE AND PLANNING IN RURAL AREAS (A CASE STUDY OF GIEDRAIČIAI SUBDISTRICT)." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.022.
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The rational use of land should be ensured, soil-friendly agricultural branches should be developed as well as attractive environment for work, living and resting in the countryside should be created in promoting rural development in Lithuania. Areas with favourable natural conditions have a high degree of economic activity, farm size, and economic development. However, not everywhere the natural conditions for the development of agriculture are favourable. The research was carried out in the Giedraičiai rural area of Molėtai district, which deals with the factors influencing the use of land, the declared area of land, the problem of land abandonment. The methods of legal analysis, analysis of literature, analysis, comparison and aggregation of statistical data were used during the research. After the fulfilment of the analysis of the declared area of land during the period between the years 2012 and 2016, it was established that the area of agricultural land declared during the five years increased by 655 hectares, the number of farmers who declared agricultural land decreased by 104, and the number of declared parcels declined even to 1729. The process of the growing of farms is likely to occur. The area of abandoned land in Giedraičiai subdistrict reaches 300 hectares, the number of abandoned areas exceeds 800. Estimating the statistical data and solutions of the general plan of the Molėtai district area preliminary solutions for the management of the territory of the Giedraičiai subdistrict for agriculture and rural development are being provided, i.e. it is planned to implement rural development land use planning projects for the management of farms, and to select a farmhouse farm site. To reduce the abandoned land areas, it is advisable to plan forests, expand the areas of meadows and natural pastures, apply organic farming and adapt the areas for recreation.
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Lan, Zeying, Yanfang Liu, and Dan Chen. "Extraction of land-use information within rural residential area from high-resolution RS images." In International Conference on Earth Observation Data Processing and Analysis, edited by Deren Li, Jianya Gong, and Huayi Wu. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.816112.
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Yuxiang Cao. "A searching and extraction technology of non-overlapping polygons in the land use planning base data processing." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetc.2010.5529722.
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Sánchez Galiano, Juan Carlos, Jairo Casares Blanco, Patricia Fernández Aracil, and Armando Ortuño Padilla. "A CASE STUDY OF IDENTIFY IMPORTANCE OF LAND USE PLANNING IN ROAD SAFETY, BENIDORM." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3429.
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This research analyses how urban form, land use and urban density, may influence the incidence of traffic-related crashes injuries and deaths. It begins with a theoretical overview of studies which deal with the study of the relationship between urban patterns and road safety. Next, it details the development of a database of crash incidence and urban form at the district level for the city of Benidorm (Alicante, Spain) in 2010. Subsequently, it is developed a negative binomial approach for intra-city motor vehicle crash analysis. One-year crash data for Benidorm (the fourth largest tourism destination of Spain, after Barcelona, Madrid and San Bartolomé de Tirajana, and exclusively tourist-oriented city) are analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to generate relevant inputs for the analysis. In general, the study finds that a strong land use mix results on fewer road accidents, whereas accidents are more common but less severe in areas of high urban density. Finally, pedestrian accidents research showed that rural and low density environment is related to an important road accident numbers unlike tourism-oriented zones, much more safe for them. Based on these findings, the paper discusses the implications for urban design practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3429
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Holtzhausen, Stefan, S. Schreiber, Ch Scho¨ne, R. Stelzer, K. Heinze, and A. Lange. "Highly Accurate Automated 3D Measuring and Data Conditioning for Turbine and Compressor Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59902.
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The measurement of compressor or turbine blades is very interesting for quality control and inspection checks. Especially for mechanical wear valuation it is important to inspect the whole geometry of a blade with main focus on the airfoil. This 3D measurement task, which involves many identical components, and high accuracy, as well as high point density in the airfoil edge regions, demands detailed planning of the appropriate 3D-measuring machine, measurement planning, reproducibility as well as analysis and provision of measuring values for the user. Preliminary investigations were carried out to select an appropriate measuring method providing both a complete geometric and as automatic as possible acquisition of blade geometries. Another constraint was that the technique had to make efficient use of time and be accurate. A data processing routine using software developed at TU Dresden is used for automated analysis and provision of measuring values for the user. The approach to linking automated complete 3D data acquisition by means of strip projection with automated analysis of measuring data opens up the option of using it as an efficient 3D-measuring machine for high accuracy requirements and higher quantities. The method shown can be transferred to other objects that need to be scanned in larger quantities.
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Li, Yanqun, Hong Geng, and Erpeng Shi. "Response Path Adapted to the Unbalanced Shrinkage of Small Towns in Metropolitan Areas." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/aeut4486.
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Along with the global wave of urbanization, urban agglomerations with megacities as the core have become the main form of urbanization in various countries. The polarization effect around the metropolis leads to the centripetal flow of capital, labour, land and other resource elements in the surrounding small towns, which causes the shrinkage of small towns in the metropolis, such as population reduction, economic recession, idle housing and dilapidated space. The shrinkage of small towns in the metropolis has become a global issue. However, as an important spatial unit in the spectrum of urbanization that serves, connects and couples urban and rural areas, the shrinking phenomenon faced by small towns has an important influence on the healthy development of urbanization. Exploring the development path of adaptive shrinkage for small towns has become an important part of the healthy urbanization of metropolises. Based on the public data of population, land and economy in Wuhan, China from 2004 to 2014, this paper uses GIS and other spatial analysis technologies to comprehensively measure the relevant characteristics of the shrinkage of small towns. The results showed that the small towns in Wuhan are in the form of "unbalanced shrinkage" under a local growth. And the towns present a spatial pattern of "circle increasing shrinkage" around the boundary of main downtown. With a further exploration of the formation mechanism of "unbalanced shrinkage", it is found that this shrinkage pattern is caused by a combination function of various factors, such as downtown deprivation in the policies supply, centripetal delivery of social capital and reconstruction of regional division of labour network. Based on this, this paper tries to propose some response paths for small towns in metropolitan areas to adapt to the "unbalanced shrinkage". First of all, the small towns should integrate into the regional differential development pattern and strive for the institutional dividend. Secondly, the small towns should promote an industrial transformation, and then attract the market release of social capital. Thirdly, the small towns should improve the living environment and promote intensive use of land. Through these paths, we can stabilize the three-level structure system of “urban-township-village”, and ensure the healthy urbanization of metropolitan areas.
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Patterson, Grant, Mike Bennett, Andy Nelius, William Irby, and Owen Boals. "Preparations for Smart Sensor Usage in Aircraft Gas Turbine Testing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53601.
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The preparation and planning process for smart sensor usage in aircraft gas turbine testing is described. The smart sensors are planned for usage in a process called Snap-In/Snap-Out (SISO). The current instrumentation setup process for testing in an altitude test cell requires a multitude of aerodynamic pressure lines (up to 600 lines) and electrical cables for instrumentation measurement and excitation (up to 800 cables) be routed through patch panels to pressure scanners, power supply/signal conditioners, analog-to-digital (A/D) systems, and acquisition systems for processing, display, recording, analysis, and transmission of the data. The process is manpower intensive in both setup and configuration control. The SISO process will use smart sensors with calibrations and measurement information on the sensors plus consolidation of all sensor outputs before they exit the engine test stand; this configuration offers the opportunity to reduce the number of connections for measured data to one or at most a few wires. Measurement information stored with the sensor reduces the probability of configuring the instrumentation system incorrectly. The SISO process is presented here along with attendant cost reductions for instrumentation setup time, configuration management, and infrastructure maintenance. The discussion of planning activities includes certifying the smart sensor units for operation in the test cell environment, assessing the uncertainty of the sensor units, the schedule for implementation, and future requirements for smart sensors. Also discussed are the use of state-of-the-art smart sensors and legacy sensors, for several applications (pressure, temperature, position, and voltage) and for both transient and dynamic measurements.
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Chanden, Mysore Chandrashekar, J. S. Aadithyaa, P. S. Prakash, and Haridas Bharath. "Machine learning for building extraction and integration of particle swarm optimization with sleuth for urban growth pattern visualization for liveable cities." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pukd9844.
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Rapidly increasing population and migration from rural areas to nearby urban agglomerations develop tremendous pressure on system of the existing cities without compromising socioeconomic and cultural linkages. Policy interventions, both at global and local scale, have created newer avenues for the researchers to explore real-time solutions for problems world-wide. For instance, the outcome of 2015 United Nations agenda for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030 primarily focuses on urbanization issues and probabilistic modelling of future scenarios to obtain a robust alternative for resource utilization and further for maximizing sustainability through land use pattern analysis. This is the clear indication toward the very important role of “ever dormant” urban planning, especially in the case of a rapidly developing country such as India. Remote sensing and geo informatics along with Machine learning can provide extremely relevant information about the pattern change in cities and as input to visualize the future growth pockets. In this context, potential of cellular automata (CA) in urban modelling has been explored by various researchers across the globe. In the recent past, models have been drawing majority of the attention along with geographic CA processes about urban growth and urban sprawl studies. Most recent approaches include optimization of transition rules based on machine learning techniques and evolutionary algorithms that follow nature-inspired mechanism such as Genetic Algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), simulated annealing, Grey Wolf optimizer etc. Irrespective of any modelling technique, model calibration remains one of the challenging and most crucial steps towards obtaining realistic results. This research communication tries to demonstrate a novel idea of integrating PSO with SLEUTH post calibration of the spatial-temporal footprint of urban growth from the year 1990 to 2017 for Kolkata, a historical megacity of Eastern India. Results were evaluated and validated using statistical fit measuresreveals PSO-SLEUTH performed substantially better compared to traditional Brute Force calibration method (BFM). Another significant development was in terms of computation time of optimized values from days (BFM) to hours (PSO). The study identifies Kolkata region to be sensitive to spread and road gravity coefficients during calibration procedure. Results indicate growth along the transport corridors with multiple agents fuelling the growth. Further, with the aid of high spatial resolution data, buildings were extracted to understand the growth parameters incorporating neural networks. Using the results, renewable energy aspects were explored to harness and provide a suitable local solution for energy issues in energy gobbling cities. Pattern of landscape change, development of better process of modeling and extraction of building from machine learning techniques for planning smart cities with self-sustaining energy is presented in this research work.
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Gilarranz, Jose´ L. "Uncertainty Analysis of a Polytropic Compression Process and Application to Centrifugal Compressor Performance Testing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68381.
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In recent years, several papers have been written concerning the application of uncertainty analyses for isentropic compression processes under the assumption of ideal gas behavior. However, for high-pressure ratio machines, the ideal gas model fails to capture the physics of the process. Still, the estimation of test uncertainty for polytropic processes is hindered by the complexity of the equations used to calculate the performance parameters and by the incorporation of real gas equations into the models. This paper presents an uncertainty analysis developed to estimate the error levels in data gathered during factory aero-performance tests of single- or multi-stage centrifugal compressors. The analysis incorporates the effects of the variation and uncertainty levels of every parameter used to calculate centrifugal compressor aero-thermal performance. Included are the variables used to define the thermodynamic states of the fluid inside the compressor, as well as geometric and operational parameters associated with the machine and test loop. Two different methods have been utilized and the results compared to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of each. The first method is based on the direct use of the Monte Carlo simulation technique combined with real gas equations of state. The second method employs uncertainty propagation equations and the methodology included in the ASME PTC-19.1 (1998) Test Code. Both approaches utilize the polytropic compression model and equations for performance evaluation that are included in the ASME PTC 10 (1997) Power Test Code for compressors and exhausters. The methods and results from this work may be easily extended to the isentropic compression model as well. The use of real gas equations of state make the methods applicable to virtually any gas composition. Although the analysis was intended to be applied to ASME PTC 10 Type 2 tests, the method can be extended to evaluate Type 1 and/or on-site field tests, as long as certain considerations are addressed. The uncertainty analysis presented is then used to evaluate data from several machines, ranging from a low-pressure ratio gas pipeline compressor to an eight-stage machine used for natural gas processing. Comments are offered concerning the effects of machine pressure ratio on the levels of uncertainty, as well as the importance of proper selection of instrumentation to minimize the error level of the test data. Special emphasis is placed on the benefits of using this analysis during the planning phase of the test program, to determine the optimal combination of instruments, to guarantee acceptable levels of uncertainty.
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Elkafrawy, Sameh, Sameh Elkafrawy, Akram Soliman, Akram Soliman, Mohamed Bek, and Mohamed Bek. "EVALUATING SHORELINE, URBAN AND ROADS CHANGES IN THE HURGHADA AREA, EGYPT, USING MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9422c50d28.22324330.
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The rapid urban development in the Hurghada area since the 1980s has dramatically enhanced the potential impact of human activities. To inventory and monitor this urban development effectively, remote sensing provides a viable source of data from which updated land cover information can be extracted efficiently and cheaply. In this study, data from three satellite datasets, Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and Terra/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), acquired during 1987, 2000 and 2005, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada's urban expansion. Five change detection techniques were tested to detect areas of change. The techniques considered were image differencing, image ratioing, image overlay, multidate principal component analysis (PCA) and post-classification comparison. The post-classification comparison was found to be the most accurate procedure and produced three land use/land cover (LULC) maps of the years 1987, 2000 and 2005 with overall accuracies of 87.8%, 88.9% and 92.0%, respectively. The urban expansion analysis revealed that the built-up area has expanded by 40 km2 in 18 years (1987–2005). In addition, 4.5 km2 of landfill/sedimentation was added to the sea as a result of the coastal urban development and tourist activities. The booming coastal tourism and population pressure were considered to be the main factors driving this expansion, and some natural and artificial constraints constrained the physical shape of the city. The expansion is represented by urban fringe development, linear, infill and isolated models. Topography, lithology and structures were also analysed as possible factors that influenced the expansion. The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of Hurghada's urban expansion is the cornerstone for formulating a view about the future urban uses and for making the best use of the limited resources that are available [1]. A Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of 1987 and a Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of 2000 were used to examine changes in land use/land cover (LULC) around Hurghada, Egypt, and changes in the composition of coral reefs offshore. Prior to coral reef bottom type classification, the radiance values were transformed to depth invariant bottom indices to reduce the effect of the water column. Subsequently, a multi component change detection procedure was applied to these indices to define changes. Preliminary results showed significant changes in LULC during the period 1987–2000 as well as changes in coral reef composition. Direct impacts along the coastline were clearly shown, but it was more difficult to link offshore changes in coral reef composition to indirect impacts of the changing LULC. Further research is needed to explore the effects of the different image processing steps, and to discover possible links between indirect impacts of LULC changes and changes in the coral reef composition [2]. Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the north western Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities [3]. The coastline of Hurghada has experienced considerable environmental stress from tourist and residential recreational activities. Uncontrolled tourist development has already caused substantial damage to inshore reefs and imbalance in the hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments. The objective of this paper is to investigate environmental changes using multitemporal, multispectral satellite data to identify changes at Hurghada caused by anthropogenic influences. Major detected changes include resort beaches, protection structures and landfill areas; these changes are mainly due to human intervention. Two Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images acquired in 1984 and 1997 are used for this analysis. The landfill areas formed during this period are calculated at about 2.15 Km2 . Whilst landfill creates new inexpensive land and improves access to the sea for tourists, it is the cause of environmental problems. In addition, land-use/land-cover and beach changes are determined over the 13-year period [4]. The Red Sea coastal zone is characterized by its sensitive, fragile, unique natural resources and habitats. In the Hurghada coastal region, major changes in the tourism industry have taken place in the last few decades. The detection of environmental changes, in a selected site of the Red Sea coastal zone, will be helpful to protect and develop this coastal environment. A methodology for separating natural and man-made changes in satellite images was developed. It was based on the following assumptions: (1) slow changes, which occur within the range of the class reflectance, represent a natural change rather than an anthropogenic one; (2) natural changes tend to be in the same land-use/land-cover class in each date, i.e. slow changes in the reflectance, not leading to changes in the type of land-use/land-cover class from the master image to the destination one; and (3) rapid changes in the reflectance of the Earth's objects are usually related to anthropogenic activities. This technique is used to identify and assess changes along the coast of Hurghada and Ras Abu Soma, the Red Sea. Results indicate serious human impacts and the necessity for control measures and monitoring. Recommendations are presented [5]. The rapid urban development of the Hurghada area began in early 1980 to build villages and huge tourist resorts and this has continued urban development and subsequent land filling and dredging of the shoreline and the destruction of coral so far. These coastal developments have led to an increase in shoreline land filling and dredging. Despite all the environmental laws of the organization to reduce infringement on the shoreline, the abuses are still ongoing. Change detection analysis using remote sensing is a very good tool to monitor the changes condition in urban development and shoreline. Four sensors was used in this study, three of them are, Landsat Multispectral Scanner (Landsat 1 MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat 5 TM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat 7 ETM+) and the another one is SPOT XS 4 (Originally Système Probatoire de l’Observation de la Terre), acquired during 1972, 1984, 1992, 2004 and 2011, respectively, were used to detect and evaluate Hurghada’s urban expansion and shoreline changes. After the images have been geometrically, radio-metrically and atmospherically corrected using ENVI 5.0 software, the digital number was transformed to the reflectance values and the images were ready to change detection process with the integration of geographic information system using Arc GIS 10 software. The results show that changes during the 39 years of the shoreline is 6.29 km2, (5.65 km2 accretion and 0.64 km2 erosion) and urban development is 16.47 km2 the road network is the 8.738 km2.