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1
WONG, TAI-CHEE. "LAND TRANSPORT POLICY AND LAND-USE PLANNING IN SINGAPORE." Australian Planner 35, no. 1 (1998): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1998.9657808.
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Yuen, Belinda. "Computer-assisted land use planning in Singapore." Land Use Policy 8, no. 3 (1991): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(91)90035-h.
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Gantner, Urs. "Verdichten mit «Greening», oder was wir von Singapur lernen können (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, no. 4 (2015): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0219.
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Densification by greening, or what we can learn from Singapore (essay) Singapore, a city-state with a high population density, wants to give its population, its tourists and its economy a living and livable city and has developed the concept of the Garden City. Parks, nature reserves, forest, green corridors, trees, botanical gardens, horizontal and vertical greening of buildings, as well as popular participation, are all important for this vision of the city. Singapore is counting on dense construction alongside “greening” and biodiversity. Let us be prepared to learn from Singapore's example! Our land is also a non-renewable resource. To protect our ever more limited agricultural land, we should renounce any extension of building land, and free ourselves from the expanding carpets of suburban development. Let us build multiple urban neighbourhoods with mixed use and more biodiversity. Let us develop new types of communal gardens. Urban gardens in the widest sense – from private gardens to garden cooperatives, to parks and botanical gardens – are a part of our living space. The city should be our garden.
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Wu, Wei, and Yong Zheng. "Discussion on Land Use Planning of Modern Mixed-Use Industrial Parks - A Case Study of Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City (SSGKC)." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.224.
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Mixed-use industrial park represents a new development approach of the modern industrial parks. Complying with this tendency, the land use planning of Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City (SSGKC) proposes land relevance, non-interference and proportion control principles; discusses various mixing-use modes of commercial service land, residential land and industrial land. The plan also put forward a new type of cluster using layout to enhance the mixed land uses and eventually shape up a new industrial park that well integrates city with Industrial Park and industry with residence.
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Wood, Jacob, Caroline Wong, and Swathi Paturi. "Vertical Farming: An Assessment of Singapore City." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics 19, no. 2 (2020): 228–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.19.2.2020.3745.
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Urban planners, government leaders, and the farming community have noted the important role cities play in producing their own food to manage higher levels of domestic demand, food insecurity, environmental concerns and affordability. To better understand these issues our research examines urban farming; in particular, the use of vertical farming methods. Such approaches can be used to overcome not only food safety and land resource issues, but also better manage the threats posed by rapid urbanisation. With technological developments in hydroponics, aeroponics and aquaponics, vertical farming has become a much more efficient and affordable means of farming in urban spaces. Overall, these high-tech systems signify a shift in the ways farming and food production can be operationalised. The results from our analysis show that Singapore, a tropical city in Asia, is making significant strides in vertical farming with substantial public and private investment in R&D through high-tech, high-yielding, land-limited farms in high-rise buildings. Despite these initiatives, Singapore faces a highly constrained urban environment where land scarcity is exacerbated by a complex regulatory land use framework.
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Song, Haihong, Tingchao Qin, Jianbin Wang, and Tony H. F. Wong. "Characteristics of Stormwater Quality in Singapore Catchments in 9 Different Types of Land Use." Water 11, no. 5 (2019): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051089.
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Stormwater quality is well known for its highly stochastic nature and not necessarily well explained by mechanistic urban build up and wash off models. Therefore, local empirical data (based on land use) are an essential compliment to statistical analyses of global data. This paper reports on a large-scale monitoring of the 12 key water quality parameters of suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals for stormwater runoff in urban discharges from nine urban land uses with varying sizes in Singapore. It was found that, in general, the average of the event mean concentrations for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total suspended solids (TSS), and phosphate in parkland land use were higher than the other eight studied land uses. Based on Pearson’s correlation analysis, significant correlation between pairs of water quality parameters was observed. Particularly, there was significant correlation between TSS and most of the other tested water quality parameters in all land uses. A pollutant data set from this study will assist in developing appropriate stormwater quality models, guide the establishment of stormwater treatment objectives and preliminary designs for Singapore catchments, as well as provide an essential complement to statistical analyses of global data for stormwater characteristics.
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Wong, Tommy S. W., and Charng-Ning Chen. "Use of a Tropical Basin Model to Assess the Importance of Urbanized Land Condition on the Increase of Flood Peak." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (1994): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0661.
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Using the computer model of the Upper Bukit Timah Basin of Singapore, the effect of urbanized land condition on the flood peak increase due to urbanization has been assessed. The model results are presented in isopleths, which are lines of equal ratio of flood peak after and before urbanization. The degree of urbanization is expressed in terms of the percentage of area developed and the percentage of area channelized. By subjecting the Basin to the Singapore 2-year rainfall, the results show that the transformations from a forest to a developed land with 30% imperviousness may cause a three-fold increase in the flood peak. If the imperviousness of the developed land were to increase to 100%, the flood peak increase could be as high as five times. Evaluation of flood peak increase is therefore highly dependent on the degree of imperviousness of the urbanized land.
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LEE, Jack Tsen-Ta. "We Built This City: Public Participation in Land Use Decisions in Singapore." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 2 (2015): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2015.15.
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AbstractThis article considers the extent to which the legal framework for making land use decisions in Singapore allows for public participation. It examines the issue from two angles: the creation and preservation of the built environment, and the transient use of public space. The first angle is discussed primarily from a heritage law viewpoint, focusing on planning law, compulsory acquisition law, and the legal regime for creating national monuments. As for the second angle, the article looks at how the use of common spaces for assemblies and processions is regulated. The foregoing are examined in the context of Edward Soja’s assertion in Seeking Spatial Justice (2010) that the equitable distribution of resources, services, and access in cities is an important right.
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Kardinal Jusuf, Steve, N. H. Wong, Emlyn Hagen, Roni Anggoro, and Yan Hong. "The influence of land use on the urban heat island in Singapore." Habitat International 31, no. 2 (2007): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2007.02.006.
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Górna, Ada, and Krzysztof Górny. "Singapore vs. the ‘Singapore of Africa’—Different Approaches to Managing Urban Agriculture." Land 10, no. 9 (2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090987.
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Through structured comparison, this article seeks to present the different approaches to urban agriculture in the cities of Singapore and Kigali. The former is seen as a model ‘smart city’ worth following worldwide, while the latter is frequently referred to as the ‘Singapore of Africa’. The research conducted was divided into two stages. The first one was desk-based and included the analysis of satellite and aerial images along with the analysis of legal documents regarding land ownership and urban agriculture management. The second one was based on field work carried out in 2019 in both cities and comprised the mapping of areas encompassed by urban agriculture, the collection of photographic documentation, field observations, as well as semi-structured interviews. The research was summarized in line with a comparative analysis of institutional and legal framework of urban agriculture and policy towards its development; spatial features of urban agriculture, including distribution, location, and area; as well as inherent features of urban agriculture, including systems of production, main crops, production methods, and functions. The process makes it clear that despite the fact that urban agriculture is considered in planning documents of both cities, the scale of the activity and the approach towards it differ markedly. In Singapore, the authorities support mainly the high-technology and land-efficient solutions, with other, low-profit forms of agricultural activity being pushed out from the urban space. In turn, in Kigali, where the scale of agricultural activity is incomparably greater, the inhabitants enjoy a certain freedom to make use of unused land in cultivation, which increases their food security and enhances their ability to cope with external stresses.
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Zhu, Jieming, Loo-Lee Sim, and Xuan Liu. "Place Remaking under Property Rights Regimes: A Case Study of Niucheshui, Singapore." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 10 (2007): 2346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38333.
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From the perspective of institutional analysis, this paper evaluates the place-remaking process of Niucheshui in Singapore. It is found that the redevelopment of Niucheshui since the 1960s has been substantively shaped by the property rights regime over land and buildings. As property rights are defined by the state in the forms of statutory land-use planning, compulsory land acquisition, rent control, land leasing, and conservation of historical buildings, the free market for land redevelopment is reined in heavily by the state. The built form of Niucheshui before 1960 was by and large the product of many private individuals' and communities' initiatives. Those players have faded from the scene since the 1960s, and the redevelopment of Niucheshui is the result of interactions between the state and market forces, though public participation is practised in the land-use planning process. In view of the urban land market behaving and performing within a framework defined by institutions, and property rights being one of the most important institutions, we argue that, not warranted by rhetoric public participation, pluralism and diversity in the built environment are protected by a diverse structure of land property rights which should be incorporated into the place-remaking process.
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Sze, Mayers Ng Mei, and Benjamin K. Sovacool. "Of fast lanes, flora, and foreign workers: Managing land use conflicts in Singapore." Land Use Policy 30, no. 1 (2013): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.03.008.
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Ong, Seow Eng, Tien Foo Sing, and Lai Choo Malone‐Lee. "Strategic considerations in land use planning: the case of white sites in Singapore." Journal of Property Research 21, no. 3 (2004): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09599910500140122.
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DECRAENE, JAMES, CHRISTOPHER MONTEROLA, GARY KEE KHOON LEE, and TERENCE GIH GUANG HUNG. "A QUANTITATIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF URBAN LAND USE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 24, no. 01 (2013): 1250092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183112500921.
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We have developed a procedure that characterizes the land use pattern of an urban system using: (a) Spatial entropy that measures the extent of spread of residential, business and industrial sectors; and (b) Index of dissimilarity that quantifies the degree of mixing in space of different sectors. The approach is illustrated by using the land use zoning maps of the city state of Singapore and a selection of North American cities. We show that a common feature of most cities is for the industrial areas to be highly clustered while at the same time segregated from the residential or business districts. We also demonstrate that the combination of entropy of residential and dissimilarity index between residential and business areas provides a quantitative and potentially useful means of differentiating the land use pattern of different cities.
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Karthikeyan, Muthusamy, Ganeswara Rao Dasari, and Thiam-Soon Tan. "In situ characterization of land reclaimed using big clay lumps." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 2 (2004): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-087.
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Dredging works in the sea and excavations in built-up areas produce large quantities of clay lumps in Singapore. The use of these clay lumps for land reclamation is an attractive proposition for solving the problem of finding dumping grounds for disposal and at the same time creating new land. When these big clay lumps are used for reclamation, however, the land will have large initial interlump voids. These large interlump voids may not close completely, even with surcharge, and may lead to excessive settlement when a structure is constructed on land reclaimed using this material. Two major engineering issues related to the use of clay lumps for reclamation are the size of interlump voids at the end of consolidation and the engineering properties of such ground. The need to know the ultimate state of the ground reclaimed using large clay lumps is critical to its acceptance as a viable fill material. To our knowledge, data on the ultimate state of such reclaimed lands are not available. An extensive site investigation was performed at a test site on the island of Punggol Timor in Singapore, which was reclaimed about 12 years ago using big dredged clay lumps. The thrust of the investigation is to evaluate the present state of the reclaimed land, with special emphasis on identifying the size of current interlump voids. The radioisotope cone penetration test was employed to measure the in situ density of the site. The site investigation also included high-quality soil sampling and laboratory testing to determine the present strength and deformation characteristics of the reclaimed land. The results indicate that the initially large interlump voids have been reduced to the size of intralump voids. However, the layer formed from clay lumps is heterogeneous and exhibits variable engineering properties. Key words: in situ characterization, land reclamation, radioisotope cone penetration tests, wet density, big clay lumps.
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Sidhu, Nanki, Edzer Pebesma, and Gilberto Câmara. "Using Google Earth Engine to detect land cover change: Singapore as a use case." European Journal of Remote Sensing 51, no. 1 (2018): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2018.1451782.
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Francesch-Huidobro, Maria. "Statutory Bodies, Land Use Planning and Conservation in Singapore: Issues and Challenges for Governability." Public Organization Review 6, no. 3 (2006): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11115-006-0017-9.
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Lee, Der-Horng, and Sreyus Palliyani. "Sustainable transport policy - An evaluation of Singapore's past, present and future." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 1, no. 1 (2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v1i1.23.
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The whole world is in a fuel crisis nearly approaching exhaustion, with climate change knocking at our doorsteps. In the fight against global warming, one of the principle components that demands technocratic attention is Transportation, not just as a significant contributor to atmospheric emissions but from a much broader perspective of environmental sustainability. From the traditional technocratic aspect of transport planning, our epiphany comes in the form of Land Use integrated sustainable transport policy in which Singapore has been a pioneer, and has led the way for both developed and developing nations in terms of mobility management. We intend to investigate Singapore’s Transport policy timeline delving into the past, present and future, with a case by case analysis for varying dimensions in the present scenario through selective benchmarking against contemporary cities like Hong Kong, London and New York. The discussions will include themes of modal split, land use policy, vehicular ownership, emission policy, parking policy, safety and road traffic management to name a few. A visualization of Singapore’s future in transportation particularly from the perspective of automated vehicles in conjunction with last mile solutions is also detailed.
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Zhang, Li Chao, and Chao Yang Li. "Pedestrian System of Singapore and its Enlightenment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.666.
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Walking, as the most fundamental trip mode of humanity, is also a trip mode with no energy consumption, no emission and good for health. With the deterioration of the environment of pedestrian transportation in China, the citizens are looking forward to building a safe, harmonious, high-quality pedestrian environment. By analyzing the successful experience in planning, design, construction, management and other aspects of pedestrian system in Singapore, the paper has summarized the beneficial enlightenment on propaganda, education, land use, planning, design, laws and regulations, which will provide reference to green transportation and living trips of citizens for the cities in developing countries.
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Wang, Tao. "Spatial-Temporal Landscape Analysis of Kallang-Seletar Transect, Singapore." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-393-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Industrialization and urbanization have been vastly reshaping the physical landscape of Singapore under guided urban planning in the last more than half a century, accompanying Singapore’s successful economic growth and social management. Reconstructing and evaluating the transformation process of physical landscape can help appreciate anthropogenic activities in this progress and explore dynamic urbanizing frontiers into natural and rural environment in different periods. A geographic transect running from Seletar to Kallang in central Singapore Island is delineated for detailed investigation of physical transformation. Typical geographic features at different times, including road networks, terrain, buildings and water bodies were extracted from a series of georeferenced historical topographic maps from 1940s to 2010s. Description, analysis and interpretations of geographic changes and temporal processes are made in this specific transect at different spatial scales. These geographic layers coupled with historical land use and economic policies are considered as key components of transformation analysis of physical landscape in this work. Singapore’ current situation benefits from its unique transformation journey, which is marked by top-down integral spatial planning, and integrating social/demographic and economic policies. Reflection on the transition of this central transect can help us appreciate the current physical status of Singapore Island and better project the path of other booming urbanization areas in surrounding regions. Although Singapore’s chosen path of developments led to remarkable results, careful and comprehensive considerations of social and historical factors must be taken when transferring its policies and strategies to other aspiring regions. One conclusion of this work demonstrates the power of maps for recording physical environment and support scholars in geography, history and urban research to build a temporal image of landscape changes.</p>
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LOK, A. F. S. L., K. X. TAN, W. F. ANG, and H. T. W. TAN. "THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (LAM.) DE WIT SSP. LEUCOCEPHALA (FABACEAE) IN SINGAPORE." COSMOS 06, no. 01 (2010): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607710000462.
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Leucaena leucaena ssp. leucocephala has become the fourth-most-rampant tree weed in Singapore, after Acacia auriculiformis, Falcataria mollucana, and Spathodea campanulata. The spread of the species around the island in recent times is believed to have been established from seed-contaminated soil, brought in from Malaysia or Indonesia for land reclamation and soil works. However, the species is more easily controlled because of its smaller size. It may be a potential candidate for use in reforestation projects in Singapore's nature reserves, to improve impoverished soils on exposed sites as well as to provide shade for seedling or saplings of forest species planted. More research should be done to ascertain the full potential of this species before categorizing it as another nuisance weed species.
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Li, Risheng. "Study of Rail Transit and Urban Spatial Structure Based on Urban Economics." Urban Transportation & Construction 2 (December 2, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/utc.v2i1.4.
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The spatial changes of utilization intensity of urban lands are decided by the dual substitute relation of transportation costs and rent’s substitute and elements substitute (producer) or consumption substitute (residence). The land use intensity affects the urban spatial form directly. This paper aims to study the relation between construction of rail transit and urban spatial form from the perspectives of urban economics, urban traffic conditions and spatial structure evolution. It takes the metropolitan areas of Tokyo and Singapore as sample cases to analyse the influence of urban development brought by the rail transit.
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Cao, Kai, Muyang Liu, Shu Wang, et al. "Spatial Multi-Objective Land Use Optimization toward Livability Based on Boundary-Based Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study in Singapore." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010040.
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In this research, the concept of livability has been quantitatively and comprehensively reviewed and interpreted to contribute to spatial multi-objective land use optimization modelling. In addition, a multi-objective land use optimization model was constructed using goal programming and a weighted-sum approach, followed by a boundary-based genetic algorithm adapted to help address the spatial multi-objective land use optimization problem. Furthermore, the model is successfully and effectively applied to the case study in the Central Region of Queenstown Planning Area of Singapore towards livability. In the case study, the experiments based on equal weights and experiments based on different weights combination have been successfully conducted, which can demonstrate the effectiveness of the spatial multi-objective land use optimization model developed in this research as well as the robustness and reliability of computer-generated solutions. In addition, the comparison between the computer-generated solutions and the two real planned scenarios has also clearly demonstrated that our generated solutions are much better in terms of fitness values. Lastly, the limitation and future direction of this research have been discussed.
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Siriwardane-de Zoysa, Rapti, Tilo Schöne, Johannes Herbeck, et al. "The ‘wickedness’ of governing land subsidence: Policy perspectives from urban Southeast Asia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0250208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250208.
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Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic ‘wicked’ policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city–the ‘Sinking Capital’ (Jakarta), ‘Fortress Singapore’, and the ‘Disaster Capital’ (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: as a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem.
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Sabri, S., Y. Chen, A. Rajabifard, T. K. Lim, V. Khoo, and M. Kalantari. "A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ANALYTICS PLATFORM TO SUPPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR LIVEABLE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W15 (September 23, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w15-75-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> New urban strategies encourage compact city and higher density urban development due to unprecedented city growth and rapid urbanisation. This has led to greater attention to multi-dimensional representation, modelling and analytics of urban settings among urban planners, decision makers, and researchers. Nowadays, urban planning and urban design practitioners and scholars leverage the advancements in computer technology and multi-dimensional visualisation in examining the development scenarios from physical, environmental, social, and economic aspects. However, many urban planners still rely on two-dimensional (2D) land information and urban designers use three-dimensional (3D) graphic-based engines to asses a proposed building or assess the impact of changing development regulations. This limits the decision makers from a holistic approach through integrating the urban systems with other application domains such as transport, environmental, and disaster management to ensure the liveability of cities. This paper describes the design, and development of a multi-dimensional and spatially enabled platform to support liveability planning in Singapore. A Quantitative Urban Environment Simulation Tool (QUEST), developed in Singapore, leveraged 3D mapping data captured under the Singapore Land Authority’s (SLA) 3D National Topographic Mapping project. SLA's 3D data including Building Information Model (BIM), CityGML, and other geospatial data (building footprints and land use) were processed and adapted as a service for a series of urban analytics. The paper concludes that the prerequisites for any urban environmental simulation system to be integrated with other application domains are 3D mapping data and a digital urban model, which must be spatially accurate and based on open data standards.</p>
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Singh, J., K. Yeo, X. Liu, R. Hosseini, and J. R. Kalagnanam. "Evaluation of WRF model seasonal forecasts for tropical region of Singapore." Advances in Science and Research 12, no. 1 (2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-69-2015.
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Abstract. The Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model is evaluated for the monsoon and inter-monsoon seasons over the tropical region of Singapore. The model configuration, physical parameterizations and performance results are described in this paper. In addition to the ready-to-use data available with the WRF model, the model configuration includes high resolution MODIS land use (500 m horizontal resolution) and JPL-NASA sea surface temperature (1 km horizontal resolution) data. The model evaluation is performed against near surface observations for temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, available from a dense network of weather monitoring stations across Singapore. It is found that the high resolution data sets bring significant improvement in the model forecasts. The results also indicate that the model forecasts are more accurate in the monsoon seasons compared to the inter-monsoon seasons.
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N. Z. Akhmetova,, N. Z., and Zh E. Sekenova. "Zoning of territory of lands of settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-1-2708-9991.17.
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This article presents the existing methodology of determining the cadastral value of land in settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The concept of State appraisal of the value of land plots is reflected on the basis of the standard land payment rate, market approaches to the cadastral registration of land use. The influence of real estate market on payment for land in the category of land of settlements is considered. The article presents the foreign experience of American and Western European systems of zoning of territories, as well as countries such as Japan and Singapore, which are perceived in unity with the settlement mechanism and as an instrument of territorial development. It is proposed to introduce a new coefficient for commercial purposes for land plots located in the RS. As an example, the cadastral value of one land plot has been calculated. It was revealed that method of zoning the lands of Kazakhstan is in many respects identical with the foreign one. Its shortcomings are shown and proposals on improvement by the type of Nur-Sultan are given. The existing number of zones is analyzed, their frequent fragmentation is noted. The expediency of combining 1 and 2, 25 and 26 zones is indicated. The conclusion: zoning of land in settlements is carried out in order to determine the boundaries of assessment zones and correction factors to the basic land plots payment rates, and is also necessary as a tool for managing land resources in built-up areas.
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Ahmad Al Jafari, Syed Muhammad Adib Termizi. "Wakaf Masjid Secara Bertempoh di Singapura Menurut Perspektif Syariah." Journal of Fatwa Management and Research 5, no. 1 (2018): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol5no1.87.
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Masjids symbolise purity with which it is a requirement for a mosque to be free from being owned by anyone and the sole beneficiary is for Allah the Al Mighty. However, Singapore’s needs for land and space to ensure its growth and progress as well as maintaining economy that changes over time made every mosque in Singapore to undergo a change in the lease period or dependant on the legal notice that allows the government to takeover control of the mosque at any point in time. These two issues clearly trespass the basis of beneficiary (wakaf) in Islam in which it is stated that properties that are classified as wakaf, have to be sustainable and are not bound to any conditions. As such, this paper is written to discuss on how a building, that is limited to a specific time period, can be regarded as a mosque, according to the views by scholars of Islamic law. A descriptive and inductive approach is being used in this research’s methodology to gather the scholar’s opinions, as well as their arguments. Analytical and critical approach is used to discuss their views and their arguments to find the opinion that is the closest match with the truth and suffice the needs of the Muslim community in Singapore and their interests. The result of this research shows that there is no consensus among the Islamic jurists that mosques must be built on land that is on wakaf property, which therefore validate the status of mosques in Singapore. This is achieved by using the opinions of scholars that allow mosques to be built on land that is on lease or rent as well as opinions of scholars that allow the use of mats or carpet to be used as a mosque.
 Keywords: Wakaf, mosque, Islamic law, wakaf property
 Abstrak
 Masjid adalah sebuah bangunan yang mempunyai kesucian, sehingga mana disyaratkan bagi sesebuah masjid hendaklah ia terlepas dari hak milik sesiapa dengan di wakafkannya hanya untuk Allah Taala. Akan tetapi keperluan Singapura terhadap tempat dan tanah untuk memastikan ia terus membangun dan maju serta dapat melaksanakan dasar ekonomi yang berasaskan perubahan dari masa ke semasa menjadikan setiap masjid yang berada di dalam pulau ini dihadkan dengan waktu atau tergantung dengan undang-undang yang membolehkan kerajaan mengambil alih masjid tersebut pada bila-bila masa. Kedua-dua pekara itu dengan jelas melanggar asas hukum wakaf yang mensyaratkan agar mana wakaf itu mestilah berkekalan dan tiada tergantung dengan sebarang syarat. Oleh yang demikian kertas kerja ini bertujuan membincangkan sejauh manakah sesebuah bangunan yang terhad dengan waktu tertentu, harus dianggap sebagai masjid pada pandangan fiqh Islami. Pendekatan deskriptif dan induktif telah diguna pakai dalam metodologi kajian ini untuk mengumpul pendapat ulama’, serta hujah-hujah mereka. Manakala pendekatan analitikal dan kritikal pula digunakan bagi membincangkan pandangan para ulama’ serta hujah-hujah mereka untuk mencari pendapat yang paling dekat dengan kebenaran serta menjaga kepentingan dan maslahat masyarakat Islam Singapura. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tiada kesepakatan di antara fuqaha bahawa masjid itu mesti didirikan di atas tanah yang diwakafkan, yang mana ini menjadikan masjid di Singapura sah dianggap sebagai masjid dengan menggunakan pendapat yang mengharuskan ia dibina di atas tanah yang disewa di samping pendapat yang mengharuskan hamparan atau tikar dijadikan sebagai masjid.
 Kata Kunci: Wakaf, tanah wakaf, masjid, Undang-undang Islam
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Tan, Seck. "Will Curtains Come Down for the Sustainable Theatre – Evaluating Growth Challenges from an Island Nation." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (2019): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p470.
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Sustainable development (as defined by The Brundtland Report, 1987) points to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. However, sustainable development denotes different perspectives to different audience; and for development to be truly sustainable, growth must be inclusive and demands equal attention to the tri-nexus of economy, society and the environment. Unfortunately, this is far from reality. In an effort to continue growing, economies pedestalize economic progress where attention is skewed towards economic performance with an intentional disregard of the environment and to the degradation of the environment. For the purpose of this paper, sustainable development focuses on debates between the twin-nexus of economy and the environment. This paper highlights sustainable development challenges for Singapore (an island nation). While most studies centered on Singapore‟s miraculous growth, few have examined the island‟s use of its environmental capital for economic growth. Island economies face similar development challenges like most global economies; the difference lies in their natural endowments (or the lack of). This underlines the need for policies to advance ecosystem preservation in land-scarce Singapore. With the use of a simple environmental valuation framework, it is demonstrated that the island nation has not fared too badly in protecting its environmental capital.Keywords: Ecosystem, Environmental Capital, Island Nation, Singapore, Sustainable Development
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Ng, Tze Pin, Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt, Faysal Kabir Shuvo, et al. "The Neighborhood Built Environment and Cognitive Function of Older Persons: Results from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study." Gerontology 64, no. 2 (2017): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480080.
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Background: We investigated the association of subjective (perceived) and objective (geographical information system [GIS]-based) measures of the neighborhood built environment (BE) attributes with cognitive function among older persons, and the mediating effect of transportation physical activity (TPA) and leisure time (physical, social and productive) activities (LTA). Method: A cross-sectional study of 402 residents aged 55 years and above in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Perceived neighborhood BE attributes (residential density, street connectivity, land use mix - diversity, land use mix - access, infrastructure for walking or cycling, aesthetics, traffic safety, and crime safety) and objective GIS measures of walkability and accessibility were related to participants' cognitive global and domain-specific performance measured by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurocognitive Status (RBANS). Results: Controlling for age, sex, education, race, chronic medical illnesses, self-rated health, Geriatric Depression Scale depression score, POMA measures of balance and gait, and other BE attributes, the subjective measure of land use mix-diversity (standardized coefficient β = 0.161, p = 0.008) and GIS measure of walkability (β = 0.163, p = 0.002) were positively and significantly associated with RBANS global z-score, and immediate and delayed memory recall, visuospatial/ constructional ability and language, except attention. In hierarchical modeling, TPA and LTA attenuated the effect estimates, but the associations remained significant. Conclusion: BE features which increase opportunities and easy access to a diversity of destinations for services and facilities that promote physical, social and cognitively stimulating activities is associated with better cognitive functioning in older people.
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Niu, Shaofei, Ang Hu, Zhongwei Shen, Stephen Siu Yu Lau, and Xiaoyu Gan. "Study on land use characteristics of rail transit TOD sites in new towns—taking Singapore as an example." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 18, no. 1 (2019): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2019.1586712.
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Aziz, M. A., and Lawrence C. C. Koe. "Potential Utilization of Sewage Sludge." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 12 (1990): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0122.
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Singapore, a tropical-island city-state, is served by six modern sewage treatment plants with a combined design capacity of around 900,000 m3/day. Currently, 96.5 percent population of Singapore is served by sewer systems. Total production of raw sludge and digested dewatered sludge from six sewage treatment works in 1988 was about 2,546,000 m3 and 39,000 m3 respectively. Mast of the dewatered sewage sludge is used as a soil conditioner and landfilling. Since land is limited in Singapore, alternative means of disposal of dewatered sewage sludge are essential. Therefore, studies were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using dewatered sewage sludge for producing building materials and products like aggregates, bricks, paving blocks, tiles, drain sections and pipes. Studies were also conducted to use sewage sludge as a conditioning additive to improve the characteristics of poor subgrade soils for road construction. Attempts were also made to utilize sewage sludge as a filler material in concrete and bituminous mixes. Findings of these investigations have shown encouraging results. This paper presents the results of these studies on potential application of sewage sludge for beneficial uses.
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HE, JIE. "FARMING OF VEGETABLES IN SPACE-LIMITED ENVIRONMENTS." COSMOS 11, no. 01 (2015): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607715500020.
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Vegetables that contain most of the essential components of human nutrition are perishable and cannot be stocked. To secure vegetable supply in space limited cities such as Singapore, there are different farming methods to produce vegetables. These include low-cost urban community gardening and innovative rooftop and vertical farms integrated with various technologies such as hydroponics, aquaponics and aeroponics. However, for large-scale vegetable production in space-limited Singapore, we need to develop farming systems that not only increase productivity many-fold per unit of land but also produce all types of vegetable, all year-round for today and the future. This could be resolved through integrated vertical aeroponic farming system. Manipulation of root-zone (RZ) environments such as cooling the RZ, modifying mineral nutrients and introducing elevated RZ CO2 using aeroponics can further boost crop productivity beyond what can be achieved from more efficient use of land area. We could also adopt energy saving light emitting diodes (LEDs) for vertical aeroponic farming system to promote uniform growth and to improve the utilisation of limited space via shortening the growth cycle, thus improving vegetable production in a cost-effective manner.
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van Son, R., S. W. Jaw, J. Yan, et al. "A FRAMEWORK FOR RELIABLE THREE-DIMENSIONAL UNDERGROUND UTILITY MAPPING FOR URBAN PLANNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W10 (September 12, 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w10-209-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> To optimise the use of limited available land, land-scarce cities such as Singapore are increasingly looking towards the underground in search of more space. A good understanding of what already exists underground is essential for the planning of underground spaces. In particular, utility services make up a significant part of what exists underground. To meet planning needs, the Singapore government has initiated efforts towards bringing records of existing utility networks together in a single database and share its contents to support planning, design, and construction of underground developments. However, these records can not be relied on to support these critical processes: They are not guaranteed to represent today’s state of the underground, are not accurate or of unknown accuracy, are inconsistently modelled, and may indicate as-design information instead of as-built information. This lack of reliability leads to an increase in cost and a loss in efficiency caused by the need to repeatedly survey to locate existing utility services on-site, and can have potentially disastrous outcomes when an excavation would damage existing services. Technological advances in utility surveying and mapping devices such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and gyroscopic pipeline mapping devices offer the potential of accurately mapping utilities in three dimensions (3D) at a large scale and high speed. However, a better understanding of the benefits and limitations of these technologies in a practical context is needed, as well as their suitability for mapping to support applications such as urban planning and land administration. The Digital Underground project is a collaboration between Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore Land Authority and the City of Zürich that aims to develop a roadmap towards a reliable 3D utility map of Singapore. To enable the development of utility mapping standards and guidelines, the 3D mapping workflow for underground utilities is studied extensively based on market research, literature study, and case studies. This work presents the beginnings of a framework for 3D mapping of underground utilities as one of the initial results of the Digital Underground project as it is in progress. From these experiences, it can be concluded that, together with existing data, data captured using various surveying methods can indeed contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a consolidated and reliable utility map. To this end, a multi-sensor, multi-data 3D mapping workflow is proposed to integrate data captured using different surveying techniques during different moments in the development lifecycle of utilities. Based on this framework, this work also identifies areas for improvement and critical gaps to be bridged that will ultimately form part of the roadmap.</p>
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ASHER, MUKUL G., AZAD SINGH BALI, and CHANG YEE KWAN. "PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN SINGAPORE: KEY CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTS." Singapore Economic Review 60, no. 03 (2015): 1550032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500320.
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Public financial management (PFM) has played an important role in Singapore's remarkable economic success since its independence. This paper analyzes select characteristics of Singapore's PFM strategy and prospects for their continuation. An underlying theme has been ensuring that PFM is consistent with and enables Singapore's location-based growth strategy. Other characteristics include conducting economic activities outside the conventional government budget giving rise to a much larger role for the public sector than reflected in the budget; extensive use of non-conventional sources of revenue such as from the lease of land, creating property and usage rights to generate tax-like revenue; and limited social risk pooling in financing national spending on healthcare and pensions. As Singapore's business-location-based strategy reaches its limits, and an affluent and ageing population aspires for greater economic and social security, transparency, and effective participation in public policies, current PFM practices will need to undergo significant changes towards a more citizen-centric governance focus. Policymakers' response will not be constrained by lack of fiscal resources, or by institutional and organizational capacities.
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Li, Meizhi Irene, Diyar Mailepessov, Indra Vythilingam, et al. "Prevalence of simian malaria parasites in macaques of Singapore." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (2021): e0009110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009110.
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Plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite currently recognized as the fifth causative agent of human malaria. Recently, naturally acquired P. cynomolgi infection in humans was also detected in Southeast Asia. The main reservoir of both parasites is the long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, which are indigenous in this region. Due to increased urbanization and changes in land use, there has been greater proximity and interaction between the long-tailed macaques and the general population in Singapore. As such, this study aims to determine the prevalence of simian malaria parasites in local macaques to assess the risk of zoonosis to the general human population. Screening for the presence of malaria parasites was conducted on blood samples from 660 peridomestic macaques collected between Jan 2008 and Mar 2017, and 379 wild macaques collected between Mar 2009 and Mar 2017, using a Pan-Plasmodium-genus specific PCR. Positive samples were then screened using a simian Plasmodium species-specific nested PCR assay to identify the species of parasites (P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi, and P. inui) present. All the peridomestic macaques sampled were tested negative for malaria, while 80.5% of the 379 wild macaques were infected. All five simian Plasmodium species were detected; P. cynomolgi being the most prevalent (71.5%), followed by P. knowlesi (47.5%), P. inui (42.0%), P. fieldi (32.5%), and P. coatneyi (28.5%). Co-infection with multiple species of Plasmodium parasites was also observed. The study revealed that Singapore’s wild long-tailed macaques are natural hosts of the five simian malaria parasite species, while no malaria was detected in all peridomestic macaques tested. Therefore, the risk of simian malaria transmission to the general human population is concluded to be low. However, this can be better demonstrated with the incrimination of the vectors of simian malaria parasites in Singapore.
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Zhao, Xu, Jie Zhang, Ning Zhang, Yiik Diew Wong, Yufang Zhou, and Meng Meng. "A GIS-CA Model for Planning Bikeways upon the Footpath Network." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 8926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168926.
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This study proposes a geographic information system (GIS)-based cellular automata (CA) model, which is designed for planning bikeways upon existing footpath networks within an urban area. The CA model was developed based on a GIS platform as a visual interface whereby spatiotemporal characteristics and spatial processing can be combined in a highly effective way. The host value of each CA cell is conditioned upon four indicator variables, namely cycling demand level, land-use nature, social value, and traffic safety. This model gives traffic planners a quick and intuitive framework to develop cycling facilities under limited land resources. A model prototype has been developed in a common desktop GIS and applied to a mid-sized rapidly developing area in Singapore.
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McNeill, Donald. "Volumetric urbanism: The production and extraction of Singaporean territory." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 4 (2019): 849–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19830699.
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This paper examines how state territorial development strategies, financial and regulatory practices and architectural and engineering expertise shape ‘volumetric’ urban space. In doing so, it frames the built environment as being an envelope through which state accumulation strategies are materialized through both the technical manipulation of territory and the metrics that accompany it. It focuses on a key site of post-Independence Singaporean urbanism, the Marina Bay area, to examine how dimensional urban development has been combined with governance practices to produce and extract new territory. The paper illustrates this through three processes: the engineering of land platforms that could be developed to expand the logistical productivity of Singaporean territory; the deployment of ‘atmospheric engineering’ such as the use of air-conditioning technologies in creating controlled environments that maximize the value of interiorized territory; and the creation of a calculative regime for governing underground space. It describes how Singaporean state agencies have deployed experts in engineering, surveying and architecture, as well as implementing new legislation and regulation in producing these volumetric affordances. It is argued in conclusion that the calculative manipulation of key sites in the built environments of global cities such as Singapore should be accorded more significance within studies of nation-state territorial strategy, and the geopolitics of cities.
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Lim, J., Ng Wun Jern, K. L. Chew, and V. Kallianpur. "A model for decentralised grey wastewater treatment system in Singapore public housing." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 9 (2002): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0206.
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Global concerns over the sustainable use of natural resources provided the impetus for research into water reclamation from wastewater within the Singapore context. The objective of the research is to study and develop a water infrastructure system as an integral element of architecture and the urbanscape, thereby reducing the need for the large area requirements associated with centralised treatment plants. The decentralised plants were considered so as to break up the large contiguous plot of land otherwise needed, into smaller integrated fragments, which can be incorporated within the housing scheme. This liberated more usable space on the ground plane of the urban housing master plan, enabling water-edge and waterscape relationships within both the private and public domains of varying scale.
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Purnomo, H., B. Okarda, B. Shantiko, et al. "Forest and land fires, toxic haze and local politics in Indonesia." International Forestry Review 21, no. 4 (2019): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827906799.
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Forest and land fires are among the major catastrophic events that occur in Indonesia. They are a major cause of deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Their multiple sources are most diverse and root in nature and society. The immediate fire effects directly and the long-term landscape ecosystem degradations indirectly cause major and persisting and serious problems of public health and ecosystem service. Smoke haze from the forest and land fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan in 2015 caused significant environmental and economic losses in Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. We describe the different types of land uses and land cover where fires and smoke haze took place, and how local politics have affected fire use from 2001 to 2017. We calculated hot spots from satellite imageries as proxies for fire occurrences and applied regression analysis to understand the link between fire and local politics in Sumatra and Kalimantan. The results show that the greatest frequency of hot spots occurred in wood and oil palm plantations and logging concessions (47%), followed by conservation areas (31%) and community land (22%). Local elections involve land transactions, and fires were used as a cheap way to increase the land value. The use of fire as means of land clearing was strongly influenced by local politics. Their frequency and abundance obviously increased about a year prior to local elections. The reasons behind the correlation need to be understood so that appropriate incentives and sanctions can be put in place and deter political leaders from using fire as an incentive to their advantage.
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Khee-Jin Tan, Alan. "Forest Fires of Indonesia: State Responsibility and International Liability." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, no. 4 (1999): 826–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300063703.
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During the last few months of 1997, vast areas of South-east Asia were choked by air pollution caused by smoke arising from massive forest fires in Indonesia. Thick smoke blanketed not only Indonesian territory, but significant transboundary pollution was also caused to several neighbouring States, primarily Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore.1The problem was caused largely by the indiscriminate use of fire in the clearing of land by large-scale plantation owners and timber concessionaires on Indonesian territory. Land-clearing by government-sponsored transmigration programmes also involved significant burning. To lesser extents, small-scale “slash-and-burn” agricultural practices were implicated as well.2The problem was exacerbated by the onset of severe droughts associated with the El Nino climatic phenomenon and the presence of combustible peat bogs in several parts of the sprawling Indonesian archipelago.
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Gerber, Rod, and Tammy Kwan. "Adolescent Students' Conceptions of Different Environments Through Photographs." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 17 (2001): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081406260000238x.
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AbstractPhotographs of familiar and unfamiliar environments are used extensively in studies about areas around the world. The study reported here describes a pilot investigation of how 27 Australian secondary school adolescent students understood and interpreted a familiar environment (represented by Australia) and unfamiliar environments (represented by Singapore and Hong Kong) through 18 coloured photographs. Few of these adolescent students had visited Singapore or Hong Kong, but most of them have travelled in their home country, Australia. They have viewed more of the Australian environment than the Asian environments through media such as television.The results from this pilot study revealed considerable variation in their understanding of Australian as opposed to Asian environments. The familiar Australian environments were described in physical and human terms whereas the less familiar Asian environments were described in human and cultural terms. Qualitatively different conceptions were also derived from the adolescent students' interpretation of land use and environment from these photographs.
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Goh Ze Song, Shawn. "Making Space for the Gods: Ethnographic Observations of Chinese House Temples in Singapore." Religions 11, no. 7 (2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11070349.
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Space for religious use is highly regulated in Singapore. Specific plots of land are reserved for religious groups to bid for, and create, “official” spaces of worship. However, religious practices continue to exist within “unofficial” sacred spaces, such as house temples and wayside shrines, negotiating and resisting the overt management of religion by the Singapore state. Scholars, including Vineeta Sinha and Terence Heng, demonstrate how sacrality infused into everyday secular urban spaces defies neat binaries of “sacred/profane” and “legal/illegal”, and how Chinese house temples or sintuas—temples located within public housing flats—sustain sacred spaces, despite being technically illegal under housing regulations. Drawing upon a series of ethnographic observations conducted over a year of four sintuas and their activities in Singapore, this paper explores the different ways through which sintuas produce sacred space as a response to spatial constraints imposed by the state. These include (1) re-enchanting everyday urban spaces during a yewkeng—a procession around the housing estate—with the help of a spirit medium; (2) using immaterial religious markers (e.g., ritual sounds and smells) to create an “atmosphere” of sacredness; (3) appropriating public spaces; and (4) leveraging the online space to digitally reproduce images of the sacred.
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Mo, Baichuan, Yu Shen, and Jinhua Zhao. "Impact of Built Environment on First- and Last-Mile Travel Mode Choice." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 6 (2018): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118788423.
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The paper studies the impacts of built environment (BE) on the first- and last-mile travel modal choice. We select Singapore as a case study. The data used for this work is extracted from the first- and last-mile trips to mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in the Household Interview Travel Survey of Singapore in 2012 with nearly 24,000 samples. The BE indicators are quantified based on four “D” variables: Density, Diversity, Design, and Distance to transit. We also take into account sociodemographic and trip-specific variables. Mixed logit (ML) modeling frameworks are adopted to estimate the impact of BE and the heterogeneity of taste across the sample. Based on the availability of light rail transit (LRT) in different areas, two modeling structures are implemented with binary ML models for non-LRT areas where “walk” and “bus” are the available travel modes, and multinomial ML models for areas where LRT is an additional alternative. The modeling results shed light on the following findings: BE—especially distance to MRT station, transportation infrastructures, land-use mix, and socioeconomic activities—significantly influences the first- and last-mile travel behaviors. Those who live or work close to MRT stations and in an area with high socioeconomic activities and land-use mix may have stronger preferences to walk for the first- and last-mile trips. The impact of physical BE (i.e., distance, infrastructures) is relatively homogeneous among the sample, while the impact of socioeconomic BE factors (i.e., floor space density, entropy) tends to vary across the sample.
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Chin, K. K., and S. L. Ong. "Experience of Non-Potable Reuse of Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (1992): 1565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0600.
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Land area in the City State of Singapore is highly urbanized. Although 48% of the total land area of 620 square kilometres is reserved for water catchment and parks, water collected is insufficient to meet its needs. It derives its water mainly from Johor, Malaysia. To conserve water, reuse and recycling of wastewaters is encouraged in both the residential and industrial sectors. The Jurong Industrial Water Work was designed to reclaim treated sewage from the Ulu Pandan Sewage Treatment Plant. It has a capacity of 45,000 cubic metres per day. Pilot scheme to use this water for toilet flushing in housing estate was tried out. The scheme although highly successful is being suspended. The demand for reclaimed water from sewage for industrial water, however, increases steadily. This paper summarises the experience gained on reclaiming sewage for industrial uses.
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Madala, Srikanth, Santo V. Salinas, Jun Wang, and Soo Chin Liew. "Customization of the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model over the Singapore region: impact of planetary boundary layer schemes, land use, land cover and model horizontal grid resolution." Meteorological Applications 26, no. 2 (2019): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/met.1755.
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Rode, Philipp, Alexandra Gomes, Muhammad Adeel, Fizzah Sajjad, Andreas Koch, and Syed Monjur Murshed. "Between Abundance and Constraints: The Natural Resource Equation of Asia’s Diverging, Higher-Income City Models." Land 9, no. 11 (2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110426.
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This paper investigates how natural resource conditions impact the physical development of cities and how, once built, the urban spatial structure leads to different patterns of resource use. The point of departure for this research is the common “resource urbanisms” assumption that cities are directly affected by the availability and costs of natural resources, and that in turn, different urbanisms result in substantial differences in resource use and consequent impact on the environment. Considering extreme and divergent, higher-income urban models of Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Hong Kong and Singapore, the paper focusses on two resources, land and energy, and the case of building cooling and transport energy demand. The research uses a mixed methods approach which includes qualitative methods such as expert interviews, analysis of planning documents and historic planning decisions, alongside quantitative methods such as remote sensing, GIS and data analysis and energy modelling. The paper suggests that land availability is a major driver of urban form while energy prices may play a secondary role. It also finds that urban form-induced energy efficiencies for transport and cooling energy diverge in the four cities by a factor of five and two, respectively.
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Tablada, Abel, Vesna Kosorić, Huajing Huang, et al. "Design Optimization of Productive Façades: Integrating Photovoltaic and Farming Systems at the Tropical Technologies Laboratory." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (2018): 3762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103762.
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Singapore’s high dependence on imported energy and food resources, and the lack of available land requires an efficient use of the built environment in order to increase energy and food autonomy. This paper proposes the concept of a productive façade (PF) system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) modules as shading devices as well as farming planters. It also outlines the design optimization process for eight PF prototypes comprising two categories of PF systems: Window façade and balcony façade, for four orientations. Five criteria functions describing the potential energy and food production as well as indoor visual and thermal performance were assessed by a parametric modelling tool. Optimal PF prototypes were subsequently obtained through the VIKOR optimization method, which selects the optimal design variants by compromising between the five criteria functions. East and West-facing façades require greater solar protection, and most façades require high-tilt angles on their shading PV panels. The optimal arrangement for vegetable planters involves two planters located relatively low with regard to the railing or window sill. Finally, the optimal façade designs were adjusted according to the availability of resources and the conditions and context of the Tropical Technologies Laboratory (T2 Lab) in Singapore where they are installed.
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Yan, Jingya, Siow Jaw, Kean Soon, Andreas Wieser, and Gerhard Schrotter. "Towards an Underground Utilities 3D Data Model for Land Administration." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (2019): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171957.
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With the pressure of the increasing density of urban areas, some public infrastructures are moving to the underground to free up space above, such as utility lines, rail lines and roads. In the big data era, the three-dimensional (3D) data can be beneficial to understand the complex urban area. Comparing to spatial data and information of the above ground, we lack the precise and detailed information about underground infrastructures, such as the spatial information of underground infrastructure, the ownership of underground objects and the interdependence of infrastructures in the above and below ground. How can we map reliable 3D underground utility networks and use them in the land administration? First, to explain the importance of this work and find a possible solution, this paper observes the current issues of the existing underground utility database in Singapore. A framework for utility data governance is proposed to manage the work process from the underground utility data capture to data usage. This is the backbone to support the coordination of different roles in the utility data governance and usage. Then, an initial design of the 3D underground utility data model is introduced to describe the 3D geometric and spatial information about underground utility data and connect it to the cadastral parcel for land administration. In the case study, the newly collected data from mobile Ground Penetrating Radar is integrated with the existing utility data for 3D modelling. It is expected to explore the integration of new collected 3D data, the existing 2D data and cadastral information for land administration of underground utilities.
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Chidambara Raj, C. B., Tan Ee Kwong, Sharon Shi, and Puah Aik Num. "Dissolved organic carbon and potential for disinfection byproducts in Kranji, Pandan and Tengah reservoirs in Singapore." Water Supply 8, no. 4 (2008): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.101.
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Fresh water from three western reservoirs of Singapore was assessed for the formation of trihalomethanes and the removal of precursors in a pilot-scale study. Raw water was processed through flocculation-sedimentation modules in a pilot plant with a capacity of 45 m3/day. Alum was the primary coagulant. Normal coagulation removed 10–60% of THM precursors. Kranji Reservoir, which has a watershed with thick vegetation, had relatively higher levels of dissolved organic matter with correspondingly higher potential for the formation of THM than Pandan Reservoir; Pandan is largely an urban catchment. Land-use pattern and proximity to seashore seem to influence THM formation. UV254 and SUVA were found to be better surrogates than DOC for THM. A benchmark criterion (UV254&lt;0.08 cm−1) for on-line monitoring of THM was deduced from SDS-THM data and this criterion would vary slightly among the water works.