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Fung, Sze-kiu Cynthia. "The implications of tourism development on land use planning in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21042718.
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Jamal, Mohamed Maleeh. "Exploring tourism development on uninhabited islands /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/3931.
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Chan, Lai-cheung Alvin. "Land use planning for the promotion of tourism development of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425830.
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Beauchemin, Christopher Allen. "Residents and land use commissioners' attitudes toward tourism in New London County, Connecticut /." View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1562.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.Thesis advisor: Richard Benfield. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-102).
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Chan, Lai-cheung Alvin, and 陳禮璋. "Land use planning for the promotion of tourism development of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260470.
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Fung, Sze-kiu Cynthia, and 馮詩喬. "The implications of tourism development on land use planning in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259911.
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Sundermeier, Mark Alan. "TOURISM IN EXURBAN POSTINDUSTRIAL FORESTS IN APPALACHIA." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1292958854.
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Sanders, Dale. "From colonial outpost to popular tourism destination : an historical geography of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region 1829-2005 /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061129.131320.
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Moeng, Motsoka William. "The Impact of eco-tourism on land-use patterns the case of Dinokeng eco-tourism pilot project in Gauteng Province /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05252005-112350/.
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Braun, Christine. "A qualitative analysis of the networks of tourism SMEs in Germany : managing business networks for knowledge transfer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28592/.
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Theoretically, it is said that social capital encourages individuals and entrepreneurs to engage in business networks. Social capital is the sum of the resource benefits an organisation derives from its network of relationships. These external knowledge sources are particularly relevant for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) because of their lack of internal knowledge stock. Yet, social capital theories have primarily been investigated from a structural perspective to measure benefits through centrality and position in structural holes. To understand the resource benefits, however, it is first necessary to understand what knowledge is available, second the content of the relationship, and third the context and conditions that influence these inter-organisational knowledge transfer relationships. Thus, in this thesis, a relational approach is adopted to generate knowledge on inter-firm relationships at the SME level in order to explore how tourism business networks are operated and managed in such a way that enables the knowledge transfer. This study looks into the business networks in which the SMEs of the tourism industry engage, explains the meaning they ascribe to the knowledge transfer potential among these networks, how they exploit the networks, what knowledge is made available, and the managerial as well as contextual factors that influence the network operation and management. A multi-method qualitative strategy was used to investigate naturally emerging business networks in North-East Germany’s tourism industry. A snowball network sampling procedure was applied, from which two network zones emerged, a closed coordinated small network and the members’ individually built business relationships beyond this network. The research was informed by three rounds of qualitative data generation and collection. In total, 12 first-round interviews were used to enter the field, a second-round workshop and discussion group with 31 participants was used to generate preliminary findings and facilitate access, and in the third round 38 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to generate data for the main empirical study. This qualitative data analysis was complemented and supported with data from informal conversations and observations, collected documents and field notes, as well as a secondary data review. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on tourism SME networks and the availability and transfer of knowledge. Its original contribution is in providing a greater knowledge and understanding of the cognitive and relational component of social capital, particularly in the formation of a network. It further adds to both literature and theory on network coordinators by unpacking and circumscribing their boundaries. The study also theorises the cult of personality in a network context. In addition, it contributes to the understanding of the role of regional tourism organisations (RTO) in that it explored how different strategies lead to a collaborative environment, effective communication and member exchange. Thus, this research contributes to the conversation of SMEs, tourism business networks, coordination, and knowledge transfer.
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Makawa, Roy Nelson. "Tourism integration in Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1366/.
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The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has adopted tourism as one of the main vehicles for promoting economic integration within Southern Africa, an approach referred to in the study as 'tourism integration '. Using a critical realist approach, the research investigates the political , economic and social context within which tourism integration has evolved and elicits stakeholder perceptions and attitudes towards the strategy. The study involved three field research visits to Southern Africa over the period 2000 to 2006, intended to find out how the strategy manifests in several areas of economic integration. The findings and recommendations are based on field research on the education and training sector and the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP). The research finds that 'tourism integration' has been prompted by a combination of political, economic and social developments at international, regional and national levels and the study also shows that the strategy faces many challenges including, the large size of the region, asymmetric economies at different levels of economic development, lack of political will among the ruling elite ; limited resources and lack of widespread stakeholder participation in policy processes. From this, the research develops a framework for examining the process of tourism in general and concludes that although SADC has been highly imaginative regarding policy formulation, but this has not been matched in practice since, by the end of 2006, many of the policies had not been implemented. However, a number of factors, including a long history and noticeable successes with economic integration; and the existence of lock-in effects and widespread stakeholder support for tourism integration, make tourism integration a viable and enduring approach to economic integration. In view of this, the research makes a number of recommendations including wider stakeholder participation in policy formulation and implementation, greater resourcing of strategies and more academic research on the desirability and feasibility of using tourism as a basis for promoting wider and deeper economic integration.
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Wall, Reinius Sandra. "Tourism attractions and land use interactions : Case studies from protected areas in the Swedish mountain region." Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-954.
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Kakoudakis, Konstantinos. "Effects of social tourism on unemployed individuals' self-efficacy and job-search behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27941/.
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Findings from social tourism research on low-income groups have shown that social tourism holds several psychological benefits for participants (e.g. Minnaert, Maitland, and Miller, 2009; McCabe and Johnson, 2013). On the other hand, the evidence base about any direct linkages between these individual benefits, and social and economic benefits, remains weak, affecting the promotion of social tourism in the UK policy agenda. In line with the recent debate on social tourism in the country (see All-Party Parliamentary Group on Social Tourism, 2011), the current socioeconomic trends, and more specifically the high rates of general and long-term unemployment (Eurostat, 2013; ONS, 2013b), and the consequences of unemployment for individuals, their families, and the society, this study sets to explore whether social tourism holds any particular psychological benefits for unemployed individuals in Great Britain, and the extent to which, such benefits have, in turn, positive effects on their job-search behaviour (JSB). Drawing upon findings from social tourism studies on low-income groups, psychology studies on unemployment and job-search behaviour, and social psychology theories with specific reference to Bandura’s (1986, 1997) social cognitive theory, this study examines the psychological benefits of tourism participation within the context of self-efficacy beliefs. Self-efficacy (SE) is the main construct of social cognitive theory, and it has been found to play a central role in unemployed individuals’ JSB. Utilising a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis, the study incorporates a pre- post-test non-experimental design (n=57) and semi-structured interviews (n=13), with the aim to investigate any such effects over time, and to understand how they are manifested. Access to the rare target population, became possible through the database of the Family Holiday Association, the main provider of social tourism for low-income families in the UK. Results showed that the holiday-break had positive effects on participants’ SE, which, in turn, had positive effects on their JSB. In addition, the holiday-break was found to have direct effects on participants’ JSB, as it was perceived as an incentive towards employment. On the other hand, such positive effects, and especially with regard to JSB, were not universal among unemployed individuals, mainly due to existing restrictions to work, such as caring responsibilities. This non-effect was counterbalanced by identified positive effects of the holiday-break on participants’ behaviours towards alternative paths to employment (BAPE), such as, volunteering. Overall, findings confirmed the central role of enabling environments in positive mental health, and offered some “tangible” evidence about direct linkages between individual psychological benefits that social tourism holds for participants, and socioeconomic benefits, thus, giving a new insight into the debate on social tourism in the UK, and providing important implications for policy. Given that “active” labour market programmes in the UK have largely overlooked job-seekers positive mental health (see Dolton and O’Neil, 2002; Kluve, 2010), it is suggested that social tourism, if properly tailored and positioned, could be embedded into existing unemployment schemes, helping them to increase their effectiveness.
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Anderson, Jennifer Leigh. "Lives, Livelihoods, and Landscapes: A Study of Land Use and Social Change in Northeastern Nepal." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2238.
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This thesis explores the forces of change in lives and landscapes that have altered the Lamosangu-to-Everest route in northeastern Nepal and shows how a transect in photographs and conversations across the east-central Himalaya allows us insight and a greater understanding into the processes and consequences of this change.
Three forces of change over the last twenty-five years dominated discussions with local informants: the rise of the "People's War"-Nepal's Maoist Insurgency beginning in 1996; the Democratic Revolution of 1990; and dependence on tourism for livelihood after the establishment of Sagarmatha National Park in 1976. Understanding the cultural-historical context for these forces is necessary to understand the concerns of today's residents living along the Lamosangu-to-Mount Everest Base Camp transect.
The visual and ethnographic evidence discussed in this thesis takes a larger role than strict analysis of conspicuous large-scale land use change and I hope the comparative 200 I images will be used as benchmarks for future research as well as for further exploration into the ways people and place have been represented.
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Chobotová, Veronika. "Tourism in the Slovenský Raj National Park : an analysis of its contribution to sustainable rural development." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2350/.
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The structure of this thesis is as follows: In the context of the study area of the Slovenský Raj National Park, section 2 looks into the process of institutional change in the CEE from the ex-post analysis. The ex-post institutional analysis helps to understand how the present came about and how the future might develop. In order to understand the process of the institutional change, this section highlights the importance and necessity of assuming the existence of previous institutions and the influence of this interaction on the durability and stability of new institutional forms. In search for driving forces behind and 15 barriers to sustainable development, Section 3 focuses on the current capacity of the study area to deal with slow and imperceptible changes in the circumstances of the transition countries. Special attention is paid to the concept of robustness, which plays an important role in the context of CEE, more precisely in the area of the SRNAP, where the economic and political transition process has been followed by an increased tourist inflow to the National Park and consequent slow environmental changes, without adequate strategies and considerable societal response. Analysing current situation of the study area helps to identify potential problems and understand what changes and innovation in the current conditions are needed to ensure sustainable development. By applying multi-criteria evaluation, section 4 explores different options with regard to tourism development in the study area and the necessary changes in the institutional arrangements in relation to these options. By analysing the process of institutional building from different time perspectives section 5 (conclusions) illustrates the driving forces behind and barriers of the study area towards robust and sustainable rural development and describes some policy implications.
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Provost, Elizabeth M. "The genesis of Portland's Forest Park : evolution of an urban wilderness." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3990.
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Portland, Oregon, is steward to a 5,126 acre wilderness park called Forest Park. The park's size and proximity to downtown make it a dominate feature of Portland's skyline. Despite its urban location the park provides respite from city life with its seventy miles of trails, which wind through stands of Douglas fir, western red cedar, and western hemlock. Portland citizens enjoy this easy access to nature as well as the park's health and environmental benefits.
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Al-Khayat, Anaam. "The connection between image, symbolism, tourist expectations and satisfaction." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2009. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6491.
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Tourism makes a major contribution to most economies particularly developing economies. In developing countries, tourism is important as a means of earning hard currencies and creating employment. Therefore the means of stimulating tourism and promoting potential destinations is worthy of investigation. In this thesis the focus is on investigating the use of images of nations' culture and heritage to promote those destinations in the developing world to affluent western tourists. An extensive literature review is undertaken in the thesis to demonstrate and understand the relationship between place and its portrayal to give expectations in the minds of tourists. There are many means of portraying the images, notably television, the Internet and paper based brochures which are the subject of this thesis. This review led to the construction of the hypothesis that if images are realistic depictions of place then expectations will be closer to experience. If this gap is small then it is further hypothesised that satisfaction will result. To explore and test this hypothesis a positivist research approach is pursued. The research method used is principally that of case studies in which three countries (Egypt, India and Turkey) are taken as representative of developing/emerging nations. First, the use of images to promote travel to these countries is tested by conducting a content analysis of "quality broadsheet" newspapers. Then a questionnaire based survey is undertaken to understand how people from affluent backgrounds perceive samples of images emphasising culture and heritage and how they identify the images with place. Next, samples of first time tourists to Egypt, India and Turkey are surveyed before experiencing the destination and again after visiting the destination. Then to add depth, samples of the tourists surveyed were interviewed and invited to discuss their experiences. The findings of the content analysis resulted in evidence to support the premise that images of culture and heritage are used to promote destinations to affluent potential tourists. From the first survey, results showed that on the whole potential tourists correctly associated images with the destination. Further, it was found that images judged to be realistic, raised expectations in the minds of potential tourists. Then from the pre and post visit survey, factor analysis was used to create measures of expectations of place and measures of experience of place. The gap between the measures of experience and expectation was then computed and found to be negatively correlated with satisfaction. The in depth interviews gave similar findings to the quantitative analysis and by triangulation helped to validate the research. Thus the hypothesis that accurate representation of place based on culture and heritage imagery leads to expectations which are close to experience is accepted. Further, it was found that if the expectation/experience gap is small then satisfaction is likely to result. These findings give valuable tools, whether company based or in national development agencies, to ensure that the accuracy of portrayal of cultural images to promote destinations to affluent consumers and thus ensuring satisfaction is more likely, which in turn results in an increase in the potential for return visits.
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Feick, Robert David. "A multi-participant spatial decision support system for planning tourism-related land use change in small island states." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51195.pdf.
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Currie, Bianca. "Cost-benefit analysis of land restoration in the Assegaaibos Catchment Area with regard to water yield and tourism benefit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/726.
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With the emergence of the new field of resource economics, one now has the ability to value and to include natural resources in decision making. This thesis aims to explore the valuation of natural resources by reviewing the economic values, techniques, methods and ecological aspects of restoration. Assegaaibos mountain catchment in the Western Cape Province has been used as a case-study example. A cost-benefit analysis of the restoration of the mountain catchment, in terms of the direct benefits of water and tourism, has been performed. The costs of restoration were observed to see whether they outweighed the benefits (income) derived (water and tourism). The results show that the water and tourism benefits did outweigh the costs of a basic restoration scenario. However, the basic restoration scenario did not fulfil the ecological requirements of the project. The results also illustrated that in the moderate restoration scenario, costs only outweighed the benefits when a three percent discount rate was applied. With the optimistic restoration scenario, costs outweighed benefits only when an eight percent discount rate was used. In the comprehensive restoration scenario, costs were shown to outweigh by far the water and tourism benefits over a thirty-year time frame. However, it should be noted that the deterioration of the environment (accelerated erosion, reinvasion, reduced water quality) was not factored into the costs of failure to rehabilitate.
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Chang, Jung-Chen. "The role of tourism in sustainable rural development : A multiple case study in rural Taiwan." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1629/.
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This thesis adopts an integrated tourism research approach to investigate the role of tourism in sustainable rural development. It identifies what the key ingredients of sustainable rural tourism development (SRTD) could be, which include an effective policy framework, good partnerships between stakeholders and a strong connection between tourism and local resources. A qualitative approach is adopted in investigating the cases of the Puli, Yuchih, and Renai townships in Taiwan, and the investigation focuses on three key concepts of policy, partnership and place (3Ps). Several issues emerged from the investigation. Due to dependence on central government support, the public-private partnership appears problematic; however, the strong level of business support networks and community organisations engaging in tourism strengthens local initiative in promoting sustainable development. The effects of tourism on local development are perceived as having more positive outcomes than negative ones, even though, the contribution of tourism to SRTD is still considered limited due to the scale of the rural decline problem it is trying to address. The influential correlations between policy, partnership, and place that emerged from the empirical findings evidently support the 3 Ps integrated tourism concept proposed by this research. This provides a more realistic and holistic understanding of tourism in rural areas. The thesis contributes to the literature by introducing the 3 Ps integrated tourism concept, and empirically, through the case studies, it also contributes to the understanding of current rural tourism development in an East Asian context.
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Ali, Dina Fathi. "Case Study of Development of the Peripheral Coastal Area of South Sinai in Relation to its Bedouin Community." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9565.
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The peripheral region of South Sinai in Egypt is experiencing large-scale tourism development on the Gulf of Aqaba coast. Its Bedouin community is facing great challenges in its struggle for livelihood and transformation from a pastoral and fishing community to an urbanized one. This case study employs a political ecology approach to examine development on the coast in relation to its Bedouin community. The study revealed that the contextual sources of rapid development beginning in 1986 included urban, economic, and national defense policies; increased integration within international tourism markets; and support from international aid agencies.
The study concluded that the tourism development boom contributes to Bedouin marginalization. Bedouin livelihood no longer depends on fishing and grazing as means of subsistence as expansion of tourism resorts along the coast has displaced other land-uses and denied Bedouin fishermen access to the sea. Tourism resorts and tourism operations controlled by multinational corporations leave little economic benefits to local Bedouins who engage in marginal tourism-related activities. Migrant entrepreneurs from other parts of Egypt compete with Bedouins over work opportunities. Regional and local plans point to increased tourism development and in-migration. This will result in further marginalization of Bedouins if development planning does not consider Bedouin interests. This research comes at a critical time to address some of the issues related to Bedouin marginalization and to recommend alternative development approaches and Bedouin community-based projects. It sets the stage for further research on regional development of South Sinai; the role of national parks in sustaining Bedouins; and future role of civil society.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Lee, Chang-Bin. "An investigation into the interrelationship between tourism and cultural policy in the discourse of urban regeneration : case studies in Birmingham and Liverpool." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5080/.
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In recent years, tourism and cultural policy have been seen as an important means of the revival of many western cities. A number of post-industrial cities- some whose principal concern is of improving their economic and physical structures and of transforming their image- have adopted these means as a key element of urban regeneration. This research examines two case studies featuring urban regeneration strategies that have been instrumental in developing tourism and cultural policy and the thinking behind them. Focusing on the case studies of Birmingham and Liverpool, it critically investigates the interrelationship that emerges between tourism and the use of high-profile projects and cultural industries in the discourse of urban regeneration. This research considers four research questions- their concepts as elements in urban policy, the nature of cultural policy and its influence on tourism activities, their implementation associated with place promotion activities, and the effectiveness of cultural policy to develop tourism provision- as constituent parts of a wider justification for the existence of this interrelationship. The findings demonstrate that there is indeed a strong interrelationship between tourism and cultural policy in the discourse of urban regeneration. This research contributes to an emerging and structured dialogue between tourism studies and cultural policy studies to broaden out what has been so far developed in that existing body of knowledge relating to regeneration strategies.
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Silva, Felipe. "Navegação fluvial, turismo e planejamento: as possibilidades de circulação material no território nacional o caso das hidrovias do Tietê, Paraná e Paraguai." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-05082015-134946/.
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A navegação fluvial nas últimas décadas vem gradualmente se consolidando nas hidrovias do complexo, diverso e desigual espaço geográfico brasileiro como um importante sistema de movimento, gerador de fluxos materiais de natureza e quantidade variados. Todavia, esse sistema de transporte não vem sendo utilizado em toda sua plenitude haja vista a imensa rede hidroviária do território em virtude da ausência de infraestrutura (portos, terminais, eclusas), de embarcações adequadas e de serviços de manutenção e conservação das vias fluviais. Essa situação que impacta o território nacional nos mais diferentes lugares e regiões reflete o desinteresse por parte do Estado e da iniciativa privada por longos períodos, notadamente, durante o século XX, momento em que ocorre um investimento maciço e progressivo no sistema automobilístico e na implantação de rodovias. Por outro lado, a relação turismo e navegação fluvial vêm despontando em alguns municípios na extensa rede hidroviária nacional, em especial no tocante a essa tese: Barra Bonita (SP), às margens da hidrovia do Tietê, Presidente Epitácio (SP), à beira da hidrovia do Paraná, e Corumbá (MS), contínuo à hidrovia do Paraguai. No entanto, esse fenômeno vem se desenvolvendo com certas restrições, em decorrência da falta de infraestrutura e de um planejamento que tenha como premissa o uso do território pelo sistema de navegação fluvial. Nesse sentido, [em vista de preencher lacunas teórico-metodológicas como membro do grupo de pesquisa Planejamento Territorial do Turismo no Brasil, cadastrado junto ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq sob a liderança do Prof. Dr. Eduardo Yázigi] defende-se que a viabilização do sistema de navegação fluvial turística requer investimentos progressivos por parte dos atores governamentais e privados em infraestrutura hidroviária, os quais se tornam possíveis mediante um conselho de planejamento do sistema de navegação fluvial com atuação simultânea nas escalas local e regional, subsidiado, por sua vez, pela contrapartida municipal, incumbida de organizar a infraestrutura urbana e valorizar o patrimônio natural ou ambiental urbano e, conforme exigência constitucional, programar ou reavaliar o seu plano diretor, acompanhado de um plano de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral dessa tese consistiu em um esforço de definir diretrizes gerais em vista de uma política para a organização e desenvolvimento desse sistema. No que concerne aos resultados obtidos, destacam-se: a análise e a caracterização do sistema de navegação fluvial turística, fenômeno amplamente desconhecido no âmbito acadêmico, profissional e técnico; o levantamento, a organização e o tratamento de um amplo conjunto de dados e informações; a elaboração de mapas temáticos dos elementos geográficos que compõem o sistema de navegação fluvial e sua relação com o turismo; a identificação territorial concreta dos atores, das normas e dos objetos em escala local, regional e nacional, que configuram as diferentes modalidades de navegação fluvial; e a apresentação de um conjunto de diretrizes gerais para o planejamento do sistema de navegação fluvial turística.Inland navigations in recent decades has been performing and gradually consolidating the waterways of the complex, diverse and unequal national Brazilian geographic space as an important motion system, generating material flows of different nature and amounts. However, this transport system has not been used in all its fullness given the immense territory of the waterways network due to the lack of infrastructure (seaports, terminals, locks), of suitable vessels and maintenance services and conservation in waterways. This situation impacts the national territory in many different places and regions, reflects the lack of interest by the State and the private sector for long periods, especially during the twentieth century, at which time a massive and progressive investment in the automobile system and highway building occurs. On the other hand, the relationship between tourism and inland navigation are emerging in several municipalities in the extensive national waterways network, in particular with respect to this thesis: Barra Bonita (SP), on the banks of the waterway Tietê, President Epitácio (SP), the edge of the Paraná waterway, and Corumba (MS), the continuity of Paraguay waterway. However, this phenomenon has been developing with certain restrictions, due to the lack of infrastructure and planning that has as its premise the land use territory by the inland navigation. In this sense, [in order to fill theoretical and methodological shortcomings as a member of the research group Territorial Planning of Tourism in Brazil, registered in the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Eduardo Yázigi] it is defended the viability of the tourist inland navigation system requires progressive investments by government and private actives in waterway infrastructure, which are made possible by a council planning of river navigation system with simultaneous action on local and regional scales, subsidized, in its turn, by the municipal counterpart, responsible for organizing the urban infrastructure and enhance the natural heritage or urban environment and, as a constitutional requirement, program or reevaluate the master plan, followed by a development plan. In this context, the general objective of this thesis consisted of an effort to define general guidelines in view of a policy for the organization and development of this system. Regarding the results obtained are the following: the analysis and characterization of the tourist river navigation system, largely unknown phenomenon in the academic, professional and technical; the survey, the organization and the treatment of a wide range of data and information; the development of thematic maps of geographic elements that make up the inland waterway navigation system and its relation to tourism; the concrete territorial identification of the actors, the rules and objects in local, regional and national scale, that make up the different types of inland waterway transport; and the presentation of a set of general guidelines for planning the tourist inland navigation system.
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Salem, Mohamed Mahmoud. "Determinants of foreign direct investment in commercial real estate and hotel sectors for selected MENA countries." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6015/.
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Developed, maturing, and emerging market countries are making considerable progress in the legal and institutional reforms necessary to allow and facilitate real estate and tourism (specifically hotel) foreign direct investment (FDI). From a political perspective, countries used to view real estate as one of the "crown jewels" of an economy (Lynn, 2007). No longer does this view hold consistently across countries as countries have recently recognised that real estate and hotel FDI is a way to encourage fixed capital investment, create jobs, and to introduce best practices from multinational corporations. The purpose of this research is to identify the main determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the commercial real estate (CRE) as well as hotel sectors, in selected Middle Eastern countries. Utilising existing theories of FDI, a set of determinants (drivers and barriers) were selected to be empirically tested, utilising Dunning's (Ownership-Location- Internalisation-OLI) eclectic paradigm. As Dunning consider FDI for all industries with a special focus on the manufacturing industry, this research enlarges the scope by commercial real estate and hotels specific considerations. This research utilises the Location dimension of Dunning framework as a basis to explain the determinants of FDI in the CRE and hotel sectors. The literature on both real estate and hotel FDI relies heavily on collecting primary data through surveys; recently however, very few studies (including He & Zhu (2010); He, Wang, & Cheng (2009); Anop (2010) and Rodriguez & Bustillo (2008)) have utilised the availability of data in real estate and started constructing econometric models with the aim of testing set hypotheses. This research fills a gap in the literature by utilising secondary data to develop and test different econometric models, using data from various sources. The empirical work of this research therefore consists of two parts: the first is an econometric analysis of FDI in commercial real estate for eight Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) markets namely, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Tunisia and the UAE during 2003-2009; the second part is an econometric analysis of FDI in hotels for the same countries for the same time period. The econometric analysis is carried out using the pooled Tobin model technique, for panel data, which uses both time-series and cross-sectional data. The findings for the econometric analysis of FDI in commercial real estate shows that country specific factors (i. e. economic health, standards of living and levels human development as well as political stability and absence of violence) as well I as real estate sector-specific variables (size of institutional real estate market), are significant variables and consistently support their hypotheses as explanations for commercial real estate related FDI for the selected MENA countries. The second part of the econometric analysis related to determinants of FDI in hotel greenfield projects, reveals that country specific factors (i. e. taxation environment, human development level and real growth of economy and political stability and absence of violence and terrorism) as well as hotel sector-specific variables (i. e. real visitor expenditure and level of investment freedom); are significant and consistently support their hypotheses as explanations for hotel FDI. These indicators are found to provide -a good explanation of location decision-making in both commercial real estate and hotel sectors.
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Yip, Lilian Lai Hang. "Developing the employability competency for the tourism and hotel industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41927/.
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In 2000, Hong Kong had a major educational reform, which aimed to address the inadequacies of the previous education system in order to enable the majority of Hong Kong’s population to achieve lifelong learning and an all-round education. These are also the overall aims of education in Hong Kong for the 21st century. A new education structure and new curricula for primary and secondary schools were some of the focuses of the reform. The tourism and hotel industry is one of the four pillar industries in Hong Kong. As a growing service industry, it relies heavily on the quality of their employees and the stability of manpower. However, this industry has been facing difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified employees. Many studies have been conducted to discover the ideal employability competency and to develop strategies to attract and retain the right employees. Through the study of employability theories and in-depth interviews with education practitioners in the tourism and hotel industry, this research study links-up two knowledge areas of employability competency for the tourism and hotel industry and the generic competency development in primary and secondary school education in Hong Kong. The results reveal that previous studies have not resolved human capital problems, because these problems are rooted in the incompetence in generic skills, values and attitudes of individuals. This study highlights the foundational role of generic competency in employability. It proposes that a generic competency, which has to be nurtured from a young age, is essential for employability. The findings inspired an extended concept of employability and contributed to a new generic competency structure. For primary and secondary school education, this study proposes the incorporation of a refined generic competency component in the school curriculum, along with strategies to mitigate possible barriers of implementation. The proposed employability structure can also be used by employment consultation services or serve as a recruitment, training, development and retention guide in the tourism and hotel industry. These proposals could nurture new generations with the required employability competency for the tourism and hotel industry, meeting the challenges of the 21st century.
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Mascaro, Sofia de Amorim [UNESP]. "Evolução espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo nas estâncias turísticas de Avaré e Paranapanema, no reservatório de Jurumirim (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86530.
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mascaro_sa_me_rcla.pdf: 3768076 bytes, checksum: b0a3dd509b97c79909cb55128d2cdc3f (MD5)O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi mapear e estudar a evolução espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo na área de influência do reservatório de Jurumirim, sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, utilizando dados de sensoriamento remoto e processamento digital em SIG. Alguns dos algoritmos da classificação digital supervisionada foram testados e comparados para determinar a classificação que produz os mapeamentos mais exatos. Os resultados indicaram que o principal uso do solo na área desde 1972 é a pastagem; o reflorestamento e o turismo são atividades em crescimento enquanto o cerrado está diminuindo em 2003. Os algoritmos máxima verossimilhança e mínima distância são os melhores classificadores quanto a exatidão global e para a categoria cerrado. A implementação de dados de sensoriamento remoto em SIG é uma metodologia muito eficiente para o planejamento ambiental.
The major objective of this research was map and study the temporal-space evolution of the land-use and land-cover in the influence area of Jurumirim reservoir, southwest of São Paulo State, using remote sensing data and digital processing in GIS. Some of the supervised classification algorithms were tested and compared to determine the classification that produces the most accuracy maps. The results indicate that the major land-use in the area since 1972 is the crop; reforestation and tourism are increasing activities while cerrado is decreasing in 2003. Maximum likelihood and minimum distance are the best algorithms to global accuracy and for cerrado forest category mapping. Remote sensing data implemented in SIG is a efficient methodology to improve environmental planning.
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Thampy, Gayatri S. "INDIGENOUS CONTESTATIONS OF SHIFTING PROPERTY REGIMES: LAND CONFLICTS AND THE NGOBE IN BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365428854.
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Lynch, Jane. "Configuring the strategic orientation of manufacturing firms for economic sustainability : a study of the UK touring caravan industry." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74526/.
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The main purpose of this research is to examine the role of strategic orientation for effective supply chain management (SCM). A form of strategic orientation which focusses on a process-base, supply chain orientation (SCO) has already been established as a pre-requisite for SCM (Mentzer et al. 2001; Min and Mentzer, 2004, Esper et al. 2010) but as a key concept, SCO research is less developed than SCM. This research contributes to fulfilling this shortfall by identifying SCO as a multiple construct requiring the alignment of three other strategic orientations which are all function-based: purchasing orientation, marketing orientation and production1orientation. This study investigates why it is important for an organisation to retain a configuration, meaning an alignment of strategic orientation approaches, not just to rely on one approach. Existing studies have identified that individually, these three function-based strategic orientation approaches support the necessary flows, such as product, capital and information flows, within the organisation for effective SCO and SCM. To achieve SCO, Esper et al. (2010) acknowledged the importance of managing specific behaviours, such as cooperation and trust. This study examines how these behaviours form the organisational culture to create important linkages and dependencies between purchasing orientation, market orientation and production orientation that can contribute towards achieving SCO. Utilising a case study approach, empirical evidence was gathered between 2009 and 2015 from a single industry, the UK touring caravan manufacturing industry. The UK touring caravan manufacturing industry had not previously been the focus of an academic supply chain study, thus it provided an original platform to conduct the research. The initial data collection period was between 2009 and 2011, a time when manufacturing managers were facing a period of economic hyper-turbulence. During such times, senior managers of UK manufacturing organisations struggled to align the internal business strategy with the business environment which was being shaped by multiple challenging factors: hyper-competition, economic hyper-turbulence and globalisation. Thus, there was a need for managers to go beyond the strategy level and to re-examine the way their businesses were fundamentally orientated. Systems Theory (Biology), as a single theoretical approach, has been frequently applied in supply chain research. This research explores how in order to manage a system effectively, two additional theoretical pillars; Resource Dependence Theory (Strategic Management) and Resource Based View (Strategic Management), may be relevant. These theoretical lenses underpin the investigation which is framed by three research questions: RQ1: How does supply chain orientation support supply chain management? RQ2: How may supply chain orientation be applied as a strategic orientation? RQ3: What is the role of strategic orientation? This research mainly builds on the SCO study by Esper et al. (2010), acknowledged in Chapter II as the first authors to conceptualise SCO. It contributes eight new research contributions, which are offered to further develop the understanding of SCO and the concept of strategic orientation: 1. The research offers a new Strategic Orientation Pyramid framework for better understanding the components of strategic orientation. 1 Production replaces operations in manufacturing context ii 2. A new Research Model improves understanding of the likely variables for measuring SCO. 3. There are new theoretical developments in understanding the relationship between SCO and SCM by defining the role of strategic orientation in the supply chain context. 4. The case study findings from this research suggest that optimally configuring and harmonising the firm's internal function-based strategic orientations is a pre-requisite for managing SCO as an antecedent for SCM in pursuing a more sustainable competitive advantage. 5. The research proposes that in order for the manufacturing organisation to manage its supply chain effectively through SCO, the purchasing, marketing and production functions should be seen as operating interdependently. The evidence from this research suggests that this interdependence MUST be supported by specific behaviours such as trust, commitment and cooperation amongst all employees from all three strategic business functions. 6. Building on the existing purchasing literature, the purchasing function is this research has been observed as being the first area to be adversely affected during periods of economic uncertainty. Therefore, in wider context of manufacturing, the purchasing function may need to be strategically elevated and aligned with marketing and production functions to support the firm’s SCO and SCM. This would become important when managers are forced to adapt their manufacturing strategy due to variations in demand levels which affects their management of the supply chain. 7. Case study findings indicate that strategic purchasing can play an important intermediary role in smoothing over the conflicting strategies between marketing and production. 8. Similarities are found between the manufacturer’s MRPII system and SCO in that the purchasing, marketing and production functions need to be strategically aligned and coordinated to enable effective strategic planning, forecasting, managing the supply chain, ordering of the materials and implementing caravan production for meeting customer demands. In addition to these theoretical developments, the research offers four methodological contributions and gives practical guidance for managers in understanding the important role of strategic orientation, which affects the organisation’s success or failure.
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Mascaro, Sofia de Amorim. "Evolução espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo nas estâncias turísticas de Avaré e Paranapanema, no reservatório de Jurumirim (SP) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86530.
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Orientador: Marcos César FerreiraBanca: Diana Sarita Hamburger
Banca: Ailton Luchiari
Banca: Maria Isabel Castreghini de Freitas
Banca: Antônio Carlos Vitte
Resumo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi mapear e estudar a evolução espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo na área de influência do reservatório de Jurumirim, sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, utilizando dados de sensoriamento remoto e processamento digital em SIG. Alguns dos algoritmos da classificação digital supervisionada foram testados e comparados para determinar a classificação que produz os mapeamentos mais exatos. Os resultados indicaram que o principal uso do solo na área desde 1972 é a pastagem; o reflorestamento e o turismo são atividades em crescimento enquanto o cerrado está diminuindo em 2003. Os algoritmos máxima verossimilhança e mínima distância são os melhores classificadores quanto a exatidão global e para a categoria cerrado. A implementação de dados de sensoriamento remoto em SIG é uma metodologia muito eficiente para o planejamento ambiental.
Abstract: The major objective of this research was map and study the temporal-space evolution of the land-use and land-cover in the influence area of Jurumirim reservoir, southwest of São Paulo State, using remote sensing data and digital processing in GIS. Some of the supervised classification algorithms were tested and compared to determine the classification that produces the most accuracy maps. The results indicate that the major land-use in the area since 1972 is the crop; reforestation and tourism are increasing activities while cerrado is decreasing in 2003. Maximum likelihood and minimum distance are the best algorithms to global accuracy and for cerrado forest category mapping. Remote sensing data implemented in SIG is a efficient methodology to improve environmental planning.
Mestre
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Sicart, Catherine. "Essai de redéfinition du tourisme." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0028.
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La question de l’aménagement du territoire est constitutive de toute étude portant sur le tourisme. Elle légitime d’une part la prise en considération d’un secteur sous-estimé, et ouvre par ailleurs à la recherche académique un champ d’application privilégié de par ses effets socioculturel, esthétique, technologique et économique tangibles, et sa portée géopolitique. Ainsi notre projet se situe à la confluence de deux orientations complémentaires. La première s’intéresse au développement des connaissances en tourisme, ainsi qu’à celle des schèmes qui progressivement les façonnent, et vise à en dégager un essai de redéfinition du tourisme, à la fois objet et outil de notre réflexion. Le second vecteur de notre recherche est l’application de cet essai de lecture épistémologique à l’étude des évolutions de l’aménagement touristique du territoire, issues des mutations de l’industrie du tourisme, réflexion en prise directe avec l’actualité touristique et aiguillage possible de politiques d’aménagement. À une synthèse des fondements de l’aménagement du territoire, succède une analyse de l’essor de clientèles émergentes dans le contexte positif du tourisme international. Cette occurrence se double de la mutation numérique du marché touristique qui, de par l’expansion des agences et comparateurs de voyages en ligne, réorganise et diversifie les rôles en redéfinissant la chaîne de valeur entre producteurs et distributeurs. Une analyse des évolutions de la station touristique et des stratégies des nouvelles métropoles touristiques finalise notre recherche. L’ensemble cible dorénavant une clientèle aisée, et requalifie le devenir de l’industrie touristique, activité de classeThe issue of land-use planning is constitutive of any study on tourism. It legitimates consideration of an underrated sector on the one hand, and moreover opens up a field of application to academic research through its tangible sociocultural, aesthetic, technological and economic effects, and geopolitical impact. So our project is located at the confluence of two complementary orientations. The first focuses on the development of tourism knowledge as well as on the patterns that gradually shape them. It aims to highlight a redefinition attempt of tourism both subject and tool of our reflection. The second vector of our research is the application of this attempt of epistemological reading to the study of the developments in the tourist land-use planning, resulting from the changes in the tourism industry, a reflection in tune with the tourist news and possible switchpoint of land-use planning policies. An analysis of the rise of emerging clienteles in the positive context of international tourism succeeds to a summary of the basis for land-use planning. This instance is coupled with the digital mutation of the tourist market which, due to the expansion of agencies and online travel comparators, reorganizes and diversifies roles by redefining the value chain between producers and distributors. An analysis of the tourist resorts developments and of the new tourist metropolis strategies finalizes our research. The whole targets a wealthy clientele, and classifies the fate of the tourism industry as a class activity
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Ednarsson, Marcus. "Platser för rovdjursturism? : Vargar, människor och utveckling i Norra Värmland." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1199.
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The thesis explores the attitudes towards large carnivores as a resource for tourism in northern Värmland. The purpose is to study the carnivore issue and the problems of carnivore tourism from a geographical perspective in order to illustrate the differences and connections between different approaches to a controversial and a potential rural resource.
The empirical material is made up mainly of surveys and newspaper articles. Three actor groups were studied: the local community, tourism entrepreneurs, and visitors to carnivore information centers. The studies were underpinned by a two-pronged theoretical frame of reference, the first based on the concepts of place and landscape, the second on tourism as a concept and social phenomenon.
Carnivore tourism constituted only a small part of that published in the media about carnivores, which showed that the tourism-oriented perspective on carnivores has been accorded only minor status in the media.
The attitudes of the three actor groups towards carnivores and carnivore tourism differ. Attitudes among the local community were generally less favorable than among tourism entrepreneurs and visitors. The community perspective on carnivores and carnivore tourism may be regarded as a insider perspective strongly dominated by the “life place” perspective, one in which forest-oriented culture and practices enjoy strong status, particularly in the more peripheral parts of the geographical study area. Tourism entrepreneurs, who are an important link between the locals and visitors, generally had more positive attitudes, but the group as such was divided depending on the strength of local connections. Entrepreneurs with strong roots in the community had considerably more negative attitudes and usually saw no potential in carnivores as a resource for tourism. These entrepreneurs can be presumed to represent the life place perspective, while other entrepreneurs may be regarded as representing the “destination place” perspective. Visitors were the group with the most positive attitudes, even as they stood for a distinct outsider perspective. They had a keen interest in nature in general and carnivores in particular. Several factors had significant impact on the attitude towards carnivores and carnivore tourism, in particular the view on the naturalness of the wolf, that is, whether it had been reintroduced or had returned on its own, age, education, whether or not the person was a hunter, experience, and knowledge about large carnivores.
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Ho, Wing-hei Nancy, and 何穎曦. "Land use and transport: how accessibility shapes land use." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46736852.
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Papadimitriou, Fivos. "Land use modelling, land degradation and land use planning in East Attica, Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670256.
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Murray, Phillip Dominic. "Urban land use /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm983.pdf.
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Landry, Erik S. (Erik Sean). "Carbon dynamics of global land use, land-use change, and forestry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117919.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-36).
Forest harvest for bioenergy is growing rapidly, spurred by the European Commission's declaration that bioenergy is carbon-neutral. Bioenergy advocates argue that the carbon released upon the combustion of harvested wood should eventually be reabsorbed from the atmosphere when the harvested land regrows. Recent studies, however, find that wood bioenergy can exacerbate climate change because it is less efficient than the fossil fuels it displaces, and because regrowth takes time and is uncertain. Other land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) practices can also cause significant carbon fluxes to and from the atmosphere that vary over time as the carbon sequestered in the biomass and soils on each land type changes. Understanding these complex interactions requires an explicit dynamic model that accounts for various land uses and regions, each with carbon content and flux characteristics specific to their respective vegetation, soil distributions, and climatic domains. This work extends the widely used C-ROADS climate model, originally developed with a single biosphere, to incorporate this level of detail. Built up from a diverse set of highly resolved geospatial databases for land cover, soils, climatic domains, and other relevant characteristics, the model aggregates the data into six land use types (natural forest, harvested forest, cropland, pasture, permafrost, and developed/other land) within six major regions (the US, EU, China, India, Other Developed Nations, and Other Developing Nations). It is used to analyze the impact of harvesting forests for bioenergy. Because wood bioenergy is less efficient than the fossil fuels it displaces, the first impact is an increase in atmospheric CO₂ . If the land regrows as forest, this carbon debt can eventually be repaid. However, the time required to do so is long, ranging from 20 to 186 years, depending on the region supplying the wood and whether the forest is thinned or clear-cut. Converting forest to cropland after harvest increases atmospheric CO₂ concentrations without payback. Results also show that afforestation programs are most effective in reducing atmospheric CO₂ when implemented in regions with more tropical climates due to the higher carbon density of these forests. This fast, regionally specific, multi-land-use model enables policy makers and other stakeholders to quickly design and evaluate of a wide range of LULUCF and bioenergy policy scenarios and their climatic effects.
by Erik S. Landry.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Fox, Linette Sue. "Property taxes on land and land use." Thesis, Montana State University, 1992. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1992/fox/FoxL1992.pdf.
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All fifty U.S. states have some form of property tax relief for agricultural land. Preferential assessment of agricultural land for property taxes distorts the like treatment of equally valuable real property. However, property taxes are administered as a part of the nation's tax system. The effect of preferential assessment for agricultural land must be evaluated within the tax system. A formal model of land values and times of converting agricultural land to urban uses is developed in this thesis. A property tax on land, a rollback tax, an income tax, and a capital gains tax are applied to the model, and the optimal time of conversion is examined. Comparative static results are discussed by simulating the tax rates. Property tax preferences for agricultural land, when administered in a vacuum, delay conversion to urban uses. Rollback taxes, intended to penalize conversion of land out of agricultural uses, have little effect on the allocation of land. Land rents and capital gains are effectively untaxed for land in owner-occupied housing. Property tax preferences are small in comparison with these preferences for land in owner-occupied housing; thus, the tax system's bias is to allocate more land to housing. However, land rents and capital gains are taxed for land in commercial use, allocating land to agricultural over commercial uses. The effect of the property tax is to reduce the allocation of land to commercial uses and to mitigate the bias created by other taxes when land is converted to housing. Thus, the current tax policy does not necessarily promote an inefficient allocation of land.
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Miller, Thomas Wright. "Land use contracts revisited." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30011.
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The changes to the British Columbia Municipal Act repealing land use contracts in 1978 by Bill 42, and the subsequent amendments leading up to Bill 62 in 1985 and Bill 30 in 1987 have been both dramatic and comprehensive in their effect on land development and the approval process. Since the repealing of land use contracts and in spite of the new amendments, B.C. planning legislation has been increasingly criticized among developers, planners, and local governments for the lack of development agreement provisions and adequate flexibility in the municipal approval process.
This thesis investigates the possibility of reintroducing land use contracts as a development agreement control in the context of current planning practices. A literature review of the evolution of municipal planning control in B.C. is conducted to provide background information for a theoretical and practical evaluation of the current system of controls in comparison to the former system of land use contracts. The theoretical evaluation is based on measuring both systems against normative criteria, whereas the practical evaluation is comprised of a local government/development industry survey and several case studies.
The following conclusions are made in this research:
- Land use contracts were introduced in response to a growing need among local governments for some legitimate legislative means of entering into development agreements with developers to require developers to assist in providing the municipal services associated with their development.
- Local government support for the land use contract was based on the ability to regulate design, ensure regulation performance, and to enter into off-site servicing and amenity agreements.
- The development industry was initially supportive of land use contracts because they offered unlimited flexibility during negotiations and the certainty of a legal contract immune to future zoning changes. Developers eventually withdrew their support for land use contracts complaining of large scale downzoning, lengthy approval delays and excessive impost fees. Many of these allegations are dispelled in this research, but the real weakness of the land use contract was that it was difficult to amend and could be used extensively to replace zoning, effectively "fettering" future council's planning powers.
- In the absence of the land use contract, many municipal governments are continuing with a land use contract practice, but without a legislative or in some instances legal basis.
- The theoretical analysis, survey and case studies determine that the current planning legislation is adequate for the most part. There is a need however, for a land use contract mechanism to accommodate mixed use, comprehensive or complicated developments. This type of control was determined to be superior in accommodating these types of projects to the current approach of using a variety of planning mechanisms. Generally there is support among local governments and the development industry in B.C. for new land use contract legislation as long as it is more clearly defined to avoid the mistakes of its use in the 1970's.
On the basis of this analysis, the study recommends that land use contract reintroduced but in a much more controlled and limited way.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Yeung, Chi-shing, and 楊志成. "Energy and land-use interaction in Hong Kong: implications for land-use planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893624.
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Yeung, Chi-shing. "Energy and land-use interaction in Hong Kong : implications for land-use planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665516.
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Gildea, Jason James. "Relationships Between Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Water-Quality Trends in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33253.
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This research examines the relationships between land use and surface water quality trends in Virginia. Data from 168 surface water quality monitoring stations throughout Virginia were analyzed for trends for the period of 1978 to 1995. Water-quality data available at these stations included dissolved oxygen saturation (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, total residue (TR), non-filterable residue (NFR), nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform (FC). A seasonal Kendall analysis was used to determine trends for each water-quality parameter at each station; this analysis produced an indicator (Kendall's tau) of improving or declining water quality. Median values for each water-quality variable were also determined at the monitoring stations.
Virginia land use was determined from the USGS Land Use Land Cover (LULC) data (1970s) and the Multi-resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) data (1990s). Land-use variables included urban, forest, pasture, cropland, total agriculture, and urban change. These six variables were correlated with Kendall's tau to determine if relationships exist between water-quality trends and land use. Water-quality medians and land use were also correlated.
In general, highly forested watersheds in Virginia were associated with improving water quality over the 1978 to 1995 study period. These watersheds were also commonly associated with better water quality as measured by the water-quality medians. Watersheds with less agricultural land tended to be associated with improving water quality. Better water quality, as measured by the water-quality medians, was generally associated with watersheds possessing fewer urban acres. There were few significant relationships between water-quality medians and agricultural variables.Master of Science
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Leach, Nicholas Persak. "Hydrologic response of land use and land cover changes." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1870.
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Throughout the years, land use and land cover (LULC) changes have directly impacted the water cycle in Iowa. To better understand the hydrological response to LULC change, the Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) model will be used to qualitatively evaluate the effects of different LULC’s and quantify the associated adjustments to model parameters. Anecdotal and observational evidence of the hydrologic response will be employed to define how model parameters should be adjusted to represent certain LULC changes. The hydrologic assessment will be of the Turkey River Watershed located in northeast Iowa, which covers approximately 1,693 square miles.
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Artiola, Janick. "Biosolids Land Use in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146291.
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Smith, Andrew Ewart. "Educational land use in Kent." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244027.
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Alireza, Gerayeli. "LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION MODELING." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1416342965.
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Chan, Hok-kan Eric. "Traffic in Hong Kong new towns." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425684.
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Cheng, Chi Han. "Land use effects on energy and water balance-developing a land use adapted drought index." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5160.
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Climate change is expected to increase the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts in all parts of the United States (US). Snow packs are disappearing earlier in the spring and summer, with reduced stream-flow. Lower reservoir levels, higher temperatures, and greater precipitation variability have been observed. Drought events in the US have threatened drinking water supplies for communities in Maryland and Chesapeake Bay as observed in 2001 through September 2002; Lake Mead in Las Vegas in 2000 through 2004; Peace River and Lake Okeechobee in South Florida in 2006; and Lake Lanier in Atlanta, Georgia in 2007. ENSO influences the climate of Florida; where El Nino years tend to be cooler and wetter, while La Nina years tend to be warmer and drier than normal in the fall through the spring, with the strongest effect in the winter. Both prolonged heavy rainfall and drought potentially have impacts on land uses and many aspects of Florida's economy and quality of life. Drought indices could integrate various hydrological and meteorological parameters and quantify climate anomalies in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial extent, thus making it easier to communicate information to diverse users. Hence, understanding local ENSO patterns on regional scales and developing a new land use drought index in Florida are critical in agriculture and water resources planning and managements. Current drought indices have limitations and drawbacks such as calculation using climate data from meteorological stations, which are point measurements. In addition, weather stations are scarce in remote areas and are not uniformly distributed. Currently used drought indices like the PDSI and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) could not fully demonstrate the land use effects. Other limitations include no single index that addresses universal drought impact. Hence, there is a renewed interest to develop a new "Regional Land Use Drought Index (RLDI) that could be applied for various land use areas and serve for short term water resources planning. In this study, the first and second research topics investigated water and energy budgets on the specific and important land use areas (urban, forest, agriculture and lake) in the State of Florida by using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) reanalysis data. NARR data were used to understand how drought events, EI Nino, La Nina, and seasonal and inter-annual variations in climatic variables affect the hydrologic and energy cycle over different land use areas. The results showed that the NARR data could provide valuable, independent analysis of the water and energy budgets for various land uses in Florida. Finally, the high resolution land use (32km x 32km) adapted drought indices were developed based on the NARR data from 1979 to 2002. The new regional land use drought indices were developed from normalized Bowen ratio and the results showed that they could reflect not only the level of severity in drought events resulting from land use effects, but also La Nina driven drought impacts.ID: 031001561; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 26, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Gollnow, Florian. "Land use change and land use displacement dynamics in Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazilian Amazon." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18732.
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Die Nachfrage nach Agrarerzeugnissen gilt als zentrale Ursache für den Verlust weltweit wichtiger Ökosysteme. In Brasilien hat speziell die Ausweitung der Sojaproduktion zur Abholzung tropischer Wälder und Savannen geführt. Zumeist werden neu gerodete Flächen als Rinderweiden genutzt und vormalige Weiden für den Sojaanbau umgewandelt. Diese Entwicklung führt zu der Annahme, dass die Ausweitung der Sojaproduktion indirekt für die Rodung verantwortlich ist. Staatliche Umweltpolitiken und die Selbstverpflichtung der Sojaindustrie haben seit 2004 zu einer Verringerung der Abholzung beigetragen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt die vorliegende Dissertation darauf ab, ein vertieftes Verständnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Soja- und Rinderwirtschaft zu erlangen. Im Fokus stehen räumliche und zeitliche Dynamiken von Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung in Mato Grosso und Pará, einer der dynamischsten Regionen Brasiliens. Für diese Bundesstaaten werden Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung im regionalen Kontext, auf Grundstücksebene und mithilfe von Szenarien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Strategien zur Verringerung der Abholzung Einfluss auf die Dynamiken der Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung hatten. Die durch die Ausweitung des Sojaanbaus hervorgerufene Verdrängungsprozesse haben sich nach der Implementierung der Umweltschutzstrategien verringert. Auch die Abholzung auf einzelnen Grundstücken in Mato Grosso ging zurück. Zugleich zeigt die Analyse, dass die Selbstverpflichtung der Sojaindustrie durch indirekte Abholzung teilweise untergraben wird. Die Ergebnisse der Szenarien unterstreichen die regionale Dynamik und speziell die Risiken einer weiteren Ausweitung von Rinderweiden. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass auf Reduktion der Abholzung abzielende Strategien die Wechselwirkungen von Soja- und Rinderwirtschaft beachten müssen. Dies erfordert eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit von Rinderwirtschaft, Sojaindustrie und staatlichen Organisationen.Demands for agricultural commodities are a major threat for some of the most valuable ecosystems in the world. The expansion of the agricultural sector in Brazil, fueled by global demands for soybeans, contributed to the loss of tropical and savanna ecosystems. However, most deforestation was caused by pastures, raising concerns about land use displacement processes between soybean expansion and cattle ranching. Promising, reductions of deforestation were observed following the implementation of governmental strategies and zero-deforestation supply chain commitments. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of soybean expansion and cattle ranching, driving deforestation in one of the most dynamic agricultural expansion and deforestation frontier of Brazil, in Mato Grosso and Pará. In this region, land use displacement describes the conversion of pasture to soybean followed by deforestation for cattle ranching at another location. This process was assessed at regional and property-level. Moreover, scenario analysis was applied to identify regional and subregional dynamics of land use changes. The results indicated that environmental governance affected regional and local land use dynamics and displacement processes. Distal displacement processes between soybean expansion and deforestation were significant, contributing to deforestation, but declined subsequently to the implementation of environmental policies. Likewise, deforestation at property-level declined following the policy implementations. However, the effectiveness of the zero-deforestation supply chain commitment was found to be at risk due to property-level displacement deforestation. Additionally, the scenario analysis emphasized the importance of subregional dynamics and identified risks of future deforestation. Integrating efforts between supply chain (soy and cattle) and governmental actors may be crucial to reduce deforestation in the Amazon.
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Bates-Lanclos, Melissa Marie. "Assessing urban land use/land cover change in Springfield, Missouri 1972-2000 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426046.
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Regan, John Joseph Jr. "Land Use Predictors Affecting Land Disturbance in Exurban Arivaca, Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202972.
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Exurbanization is occurring where large tracts of land are being sold to developers. Typically these are ranches that are then divided into 40-acre parcels and sold by developers, avoiding subdivision regulations requiring paved streets, utilities and other amenities. The result is an unplanned subdivision with no infrastructure, and tax revenues that cannot offset the cost of providing it. Interviews with professional planners suggested there may be independent variables capable of predicting the amount of human disturbance in an exurban area: parcel size, full cash value, tenure, distance to paved roads, site-built housing, mobile homes, and presence of biological or riparian areas. A total of 7,465 acres (3,022 ha) of parcel disturbance were digitized in exurban Arivaca, acreage values were converted to a binary dependent variable and used in logistic regression analysis to test independent variables' predictive value. Four were statistically significant: parcel size, full cash value, mobile homes and site-built housing. Landscape fragmentation was also tested using the presence of the variable scoring highest in probability - site-built housing. Zones of influence with a negative ecological influence surrounded the homes - up to 5,055 acres (2,046 ha) were impacted. Interviews with an exemplary sample of residents regarding their land use ethic found all had very strong opinions on how their properties should be treated as well as undesirable land uses such as overgrazing, over-use of groundwater for short-term economic gain and use of off-road vehicles. An explanation of the small sample size of both planners and residents is warranted. Planners were limited to those working in Pima County government who had professional experience with the study area of Arivaca and were familiar with its particular situation. The number of Arivaca residents interviewed was intended to discern an exemplary group's opinions based on how large a parcel they owned, the various sizes being a typical cross-section of acreage in the study area. What these findings illustrate is (1) the difficulty of predicting human-induced disturbance, (2) land fragmentation is more than the actual areas of physical disturbance and (3) some residents are aware of impacts related to their activities, mitigating damage wherever possible.
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Maluki, Peter Masavi. "MAPPING LAND COVER LAND USE CHANGE IN MBEERE DISTRICT, KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1187030316.
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