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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Land Value'
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1
Hellstrand, Stefan. "On the value of land." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28018.
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The issue of sustainable development is once again moving the production factor land into the focus of economic theory and practise. There are three production factors, capital, labour and land. Land is a synonym to ecosystems. During the major part of the 20th century land in economic theory has been handled as a peripheral issue. The sustainability context implies a challenge to take land in proper consideration. That means to in an adequate way consider system characteristics that result in complex systems, such as thresholds, resilience, irreversibilities, and interdependencies between systems and system levels. The thesis examines how land can be understood and handled in the context of a sustainable development, the relations between land and society on a conceptual level and in operative terms, the relations between system levels and between the three sustainability dimensions ecological, economic and social, the importance of agriculture and animal production in a sustainable development. The major findings are that in contexts such as economically profitable and natural resource-efficient milk production; methods to measure sustainability performance of production systems generally; and societal strategies for management of natural resources that support economic and social development within ecological sustainability limits, three “laws” need to be handled appropriate: Liebig’s “Law” of the minimum, Shelford´s “Law” of tolerance, and the “Law” of diminishing return in biological-ecological productions systems. The thesis identifies examples within dairy sciences, systems ecology, and engineering sciences that affect or may affect policies in real world systems from local to global level that can be substantially improved. In order to suggest relevant measures a tool-kit supporting a sustainable development have been generated, integrating contributions from agricultural sciences, systems ecology, economic theory, economic geography, applied environmental sciences and theories of complex systems. The thesis summarises around 30 years of professional experiences mainly within advanced consultancy, during which this tool-kit has been developed and applied. Evaluation of some applications afterwards shows relevance. For some of the examples analysed in the thesis, found weaknesses are such that global food security literally is threatened within one to twenty years.
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Lee, Yean Pin 1973. "Determinants of Singapore residential land value." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32226.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-77).
This empirical study investigates the factors that explain the variation in private residential land value in Singapore. In doing so, it determines the impact that land use zoning and plot ratio allowable have on residential land value. Previous empirical studies in the US and UK have found plot characteristics, accessibility and zoning variables to be important determinants of land value. However, these factors need to be examined within the specific economic, social and political context of different cities. In this study, these variables are employed to investigate whether the traditional determinants have similar significant impacts on the variation in residential land value in the dense and highly regulated Singapore land market. The data used consist of all residential land transactions from the government land sales program between years 1993 to 2001. Two land use types -- landed and nonlanded -- are separately analyzed because of the difference in their density and mean land price per square meter. The study establishes the premium or discount in land price per square meter that developers would factor into a tender bid for each type of housing form allowed. Empirical evidence is provided that confirms the importance of location and accessibility in determining residential land value in Singapore. The study also confirms the presence of plattage (negative relationship between parcel size and price per unit area) in non-landed housing sites. Density or plot ratio is also a primary driver of residential land value and an important tool in land use policies to encourage capital land substitution.
by Yean Pin Lee.
S.M.
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Fujiki, Kazuhiko. "A study on CBD land value variations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27261.
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This thesis examines CBD (Central Business District) land value variations. The objectives of this study are (1) to compare monocentric and nonmonocentric models and (2) to analyze the determinants of CBD land value variations. Transactions of vacant land from 1975 to 1987 in Central Ward (Chuo Ku), Tokyo, comprise the data base for this study.
A monocentric model and nonmonocentric model are compared using a negative exponential function and trend surface analysis (based on a double power series of location coordinates). For the comparison, three-dimensional pictures and contour maps are utilized as well as statistics of goodness-of-fit and predictive powers. To analyze determinants of CBD land value variations, we employ a hedonic-price approach.
Trend surface analysis is superior to the monocentric model in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive powers. However, centrality is still an important determinant. Proximity to subway or railway stations, or to the Ginza shopping area, are also important factors. Other influential determinants include time of sale, lot shape, corner location, road width, and floor area ratio.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Syms, Paul Michael. "The redevelopment and value of contaminated land." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20415/.
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This study examines the effects of contamination on the redevelopment and valuation of industrial land. The period covered by the study was one in which environmental legislation in the United Kingdom was undergoing significant changes. The Government's proposal to introduce registers of 'potentially contaminated sites' was fiercely opposed by different interest groups and was abandoned. New legislative proposals followed but will not take effect before 1997. During the same period, the guidance given to the valuers of industrial properties, and of other properties which may be affected by contamination, has been limited in scope and difficult to implement. It is argued that contaminated land is an important resource and that a 'risk assessment' approach should be adopted for valuation purposes and the appraisal of redevelopment proposals. The processes involved in the investigation of contaminated sites, the selection of treatment methods and the role of the valuer in these actions are considered. Alternative approaches to the valuation and appraisal of contaminated sites are described, both in situations where the existing industrial use is to continue and where redevelopment is proposed. Value was found to be affected both by the cost to treat the contamination and perceived 'risk factors', which are collectively termed 'stigma'.Besides valuers, many different actors are involved in the property development process. These actors are likely to hold differing views in respect of treatment methods, the value and desirability of redeveloping contaminated sites, according to the nature of their involvement. Questionnaire surveys were undertaken of valuers and other professionals involved in redevelopment, in order to test their perceptions of the risks involved. The views of a 'general population' sample were also obtained in respect of a number of environmental issues, in order to compare the views of two 'expert' groups with those of a wider population. Interviews were conducted with a number of leading valuers, so as to assess current practice in reflecting the possibility of contamination in valuations. The surveys enabled professional perceptions of the stigma effect to be determined. Case studies involving the redevelopment of contaminated sites were researched and the impact of stigma upon transaction prices was assessed. The findings of the research enabled a predictive model to be developed for use in the valuation of contaminated land and this was tested by reference to ten case studies. The perception of risk, associated with contaminated land, held by valuers was clearly identified to be higher than that perceived by the other group of'experts' involved in the development process. All of the professionals were generally supportive of current Government proposals but with some reservations. Property investors were identified as being the most cautious of all actors involved in property development. Further research proposals are described.
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Phillips, Spencer R. "Windfalls for Wilderness: Land Protection and Land Value in the Green Mountains." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11104.
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Land is a composite good, the price of which varies with its characteristics, including proximity to amenities. Analysis of data from sales of land near Green Mountain National Forest wilderness areas in a hedonic price model reveals a positive relationship between proximity to protected wilderness and market values for residential properties. The applications of this result include improved consideration of the positive economic impacts of land conservation in political deliberations over public land management and new mechanisms for financing land conservation, local planning and development efforts, and maintenance of affordable housing in high-amenity/high-cost areas.Ph. D.
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譚慧玲 and Wai-ling Vivian Tam. "Impacts of public housing on neighbourhood land value." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979944.
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Tam, Wai-ling Vivian. "Impacts of public housing on neighbourhood land value." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25803566.
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Poots, Alan. "Quantifying ecological and economic value of land use patterns." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511672.
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This thesis is concerned with the study of land use pattern, and landscape value in terms of ecological and economic components, using Classification And Regression Tree analysis and a choice experiment to quantify the ecological and economic values of land use pattern respectively. The Chiltern Hills and the Red Kite (Milvus milvus) are chosen for study, as they are an important landscape and species within the UK, as recognised by various legislations, and are readily identifiable. A Classification Tree model of the Red Kite nest occurrence in the Chiltern Hills in the UK is determined and applied to future land use scenarios, derived from Reading University’s Land Use Allocation Model (LUAM). A Model Tree model of the Red Kite nest abundance is determined and applied to the same scenarios. The population is deemed to be stable in the face of divergent land use scenarios, and the reestablishment is thus opined to be successful, having created a sustainable population. A questionnaire survey of Chiltern Hills users is conducted to determine the characteristics of the users, and features of the landscape deemed important in making a day trip. The results are used to inform the creation of the variables and levels of those variables for use within a choice experiment. A choice experiment is conducted to determine the values of site features in terms of landscape, species, and available facilities for the recreational use of the countryside. The Red Kite, hilltops, and woodlands are valued by the public. Willingness to Travel estimates of the attributes are plotted to a map, which may be the first time this has occurred from choice experiment estimates. Willingness to Pay estimates are also derived, and used to suggest that the re-establishment has recouped its costs.
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Gluszak, Michal. "Land acquisition in development projects: investment value and risks." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/980/1/document.pdf.
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The aim of the article is to discuss the main problems in land-development activity. The study focuses on land acquisition problem. In the article we describe possible implications of difference between real estate market and investment value, and enumerate major sources of investment risk. (author´s abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Wu, G. D. "Land value issues in Taiwan (ROC) and the UK." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383613.
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Carlson, Dianna Marie. "Expectations of land value in rural and suburban regions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33196.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45).
Timberland has become a new and emerging asset class among investors. Institutional investors have committed large amounts of capital through the private equity market. Timber real estate investment trusts (REITs) have also allowed smaller individual investors to participate in the ownership in timberland. Given that land supply is fixed, the demand for land is expected to increase as baby boomers near retirement. Owners of timberland are faced with making strategic decisions as to whether timberland remains the highest and best use. Given these facts, this thesis examines over 300 predominately rural counties where timberland is harvested and attempts to create a model to identify where land has the highest value as an urban use, and secondly, where this urban land value is expected to experience the most appreciation. Using house prices as a proxy for land value, models for both house price and house price appreciation were developed. The results indicated that two variables were significant factors in forecasting appreciation: 1) the percentage of developed land within a county and 2) the percentage of seasonal units. As a result, urban counties with a lower percentage of seasonal units appreciated less, whereas rural counties with a higher percentage of seasonal units appreciated more. The results are significant in that it shows how there is an option growth effect for rural land beyond the urban edge which can potentially yield higher appreciation rates for speculative landowners.
by Dianna Marie Carlson.
S.M.
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Eni, Sabariah. "Urban regeneration financing and land value capture in Malaysia." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.628539.
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Property development is seen as one of the key element in urban regeneration process in halting decline in town and Cities. Moreover, the regeneration policy is viewed as a key driver of economic, physical and social growth. Thus, it is an expansive and pervasive measure to policy making decisions. Post 2007 sets the challenges as Global Financial Crisis (GFC) led to the uncertainty and financial constraint for urban regeneration. However, sustainable economic growth demands considerable investment to finance the development and associated infrastructure. The traditional practice to finance the development is by way of public investment. This places a huge burden on governments in terms of raising sufficient investment. In the face of continuing economic crisis, this study examines alternative funding vehicles to fund urban regeneration projects. One possible alternative financing tool is LVC (LVC). Large public investment in infrastructure can substantially increase the value of land in close proximity to the development. Capturing the value of this benefit through land use policy and alternative financing instruments is increasingly important to urban regeneration projects. This study explores an alternative financing mechanism designed to capture the uplift in land value due to development activity. This study examines the application of "value capture" in terms of its prospect and challenges in Malaysia. This thesis provides the first comprehensive empirical investigation in urban regeneration financing and LVC in Malaysia. The analysis also identifies various LVC mechanisms that are applied around the world and their potential for application in Malaysia. The thesis presents the first substantial Malaysian study that explicitly explains the role of key property players in urban regeneration and LVC. Case studies in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru are utilised to show the need for urban regeneration. A qualitative methodology is adopted to gain quality data from the respondents. Interviews with the stakeholders and end user groups in the property industry demonstrate that there are no proper guidelines hence there is: (1) no urgency to adopt the urban regeneration concept, (2) no awareness or intention in capturing land value, and (3) no real opportunity to capture value. The results demonstrate that there is a minimal degree of acceptance of urban regeneration concepts and applicability of LVC as a funding model in Malaysia. The outcome of this study comprises recommendations for more viable strategies and policies that LVC offers to finance urban regeneration. Firstly, this thesis highlights the opportunities and barriers in implementing LVC. Secondly, to ensure its potential, there will need to be political will and government agencies will need to implement appropriate regeneration strategies and fiscal reforms including guidelines for LVC implementation at federal, state and local government levels.
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Hong, Yu-hung. "Public land leasing in Hong Kong : flexibility and rigidity in allocating the surplus land value." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67147.
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Taylor, Calvin Francis. "The role of the value-form in the labour theory of value." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3503/.
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It is repeatedly claimed that the labour theory of value is fatally flawed. Whether as a result of this claim, or as is more likely a change in the intellectual atmosphere, there has in recent years been little debate of the merits and weaknesses of the labour theory of value. The principal objective of this thesis is to re-examine a number of the flaws more widely debated in an earlier period and to show that the claim that the labour theory of value is flawed is false. The thesis claims that the work of Marx represents thus far the single most important contribution to the development of the labour theory of value. This contribution is contrasted with that of the Classical political economists, most notably Adam Smith and David Ricardo. An examination is made of the works of Smith and Ricardo which demonstrates that the flaws within their labour theory of value are attributable to the shortcomings of their wider theoretical endeavours. In particular, they fail to identify the nature of value-creating labour; examine the role of the value-form and explain cogently the quantitative determination of value. Marx's work is then examined with each of these points as a pivot of reference. The thesis concludes by drawing the three strands of analysis together to demonstrate that, against a history of criticism, Marx's theory presents a structured coherent whole, largely immune to the criticisms made of it, both from without and within the Marxist tradition of political economy.
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Zhang, Jun 1957. "Land value in the absence of a market : toward establishing an urban land market in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70638.
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Antonopoulou, Katerina. "Digital innovations with inherent uncertainties : from the justification of value to the articulation of a value proposition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77677/.
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The establishment of business models for digital technology innovations of uncertain market potential is often seen as challenging because of the difficulties in conceptualizing the value of such ventures. There is, however, limited empirical material on how digital entrepreneurs and innovators assess the emerging value of a novel digital technology in practice in the early stages of its development. This thesis, therefore, seeks to investigate how the value of digital innovations with inherent uncertainties about the lack of clearly determined use and addressable markets is justified and how a value proposition is articulated in an emergent way during the design and development process of such innovations, and the implications this has for dealing with the challenges of establishing a business model in such a setting. In particular, I aim to answer: (a) how do the actors involved in the development of digital innovations justify the value of their innovation, (b) how is the value proposition of digital technology innovation with indeterminate use and addressable market arrived at in the development of such innovations, and (c) how does an emergent value proposition contribute to more generally on the theorization and development of business models when there is lack of clear idea of the use and an addressable market. This doctoral research explores these issues through an in-depth study of two ‘serious games’ development companies that seek to develop digital games for businesses. I argue that through mutual adjustment and reconciliation of different value elements, clarity and stability is brought to the articulation of value proposition, which is crucial to the eventual development and drawing-up of a formal business model. The contributions I make namely are: (a) providing insights into a socioeconomic justification of value for digital innovations (b) conceptualizing how a value proposition is articulated, (c) providing new insights into the relationship between value proposition and business model, and (d) introducing a new theoretical approach to the study of value proposition and business model development drawing from the pragmatics of justification.
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Baxter, James Stanley, and james baxter@rmit edu au. "Rural Land Use and Value In Northern Victoria 1880 - 1960." RMIT University. Property, Construction & Project Management, 2001. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091008.135904.
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This thesis examines rural development processes, and in particular the impact over time of infrastructure investment on locational value in a farming community in northern Victoria, Australia. Correlation between infrastructure investment and land values was found to change over time, with the full cost of infrastructure provision not reflected in increased land values. Its impact depended on the type of infrastructure, and was linked to technological changes in agricultural production that led to different demands. The study also revealed the complexity of land ownership and use during the development of typical northern Victorian farmland, and the patterns of land value that emerged. As an historical study of land development it provides a deeper understanding of rural valuation methodology and sales analysis. It also contributes to the theory of land development, and in particular rural land-use and value.
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Li, Xinjian. "Urban Rail Transit Public-Private Partnerships with Land Value Capture." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88663.
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This study aims to address the research question: How can Urban Rail Transit systems (URTs) be successfully supported by Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and Land Value Capture (LVC) across their life-cycle? By conducting a structured case approach with 27 semi-structured interviews and 101 documents collected from five cities, this study develops a generic framework to use PPP and LVC for URTs. This study can help policymakers better understand this integrated procurement for their rail infrastructures.
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Kirk, Jacqueline Louise. "Perceptions of value intertwined : the perceived value of Business in the Community's Corporate Responsibility Index : 'assemblages of worth' in evolution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53660/.
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In recent years there has been an increase in metrics and indices measuring corporate social responsibility (CSR) (SuatainAbility, 2010; IBE, 2013). In legitimating the premise of these metrics focus has centred on the effects of inclusion, either in regard to financial impact for the firm (Beurden and Gössling, 2008; Griffin and Mahon, 1997), validity in gaining and conveying legitimacy (Chatterji et al, 2007; Agle and Kelly, 2001; Font et al, 2012; Graafland et al, 2004), or social impact in promoting responsible business practices (Slager et al, 2010; Slager, 2012; Adam and Shavit, 2007; Scarlet and Kelly, 2009). Yet, arguably these tools are now institutionalised elements of CSR (Waddock, 2008), and thus focus is no longer centred on gaining legitimacy, but rather on retaining it, as they 'face the need to evolve ... in the context of the changing demands of constituents and environmental change' (Durand & McGuire, 2005, p.168). However, little is known about how these effects (financial, social and validity) impact the valuation dynamics associated with participation in these tools over time. This thesis aims to fill this gap by exploring processes of legitimation and critique of participation in Business in the Community's Corporate Responsibility Index (BiTC's CRI). Through the lens of Boltanski and Thévenot's economies of worth (2006), the thesis examines the 'orders of worth' drawn upon in legitimating and critiquing participation in the CRI over time. Methodology is abductive, with data and extant theory explored simultaneously so as to establish contributions through a mutually-informed comprehension of what the data is a 'case of' (Tavory & Timmermans, 2014, p.5). Research-theorising applies Peircean semiotics (Peirce, 1909), by which, extant literature and theorising are applied, tested, and either set aside from/or built-upon, when set against the data of the empirical case. Data collection is qualitative, consisting of observations (4 formal and numerous informal), interviews (68) and documentary analysis. The research ultimately draws on Boltanski and Thévenot's Economies of Worth (2006), and the notion of 'composite assemblages', developed further by Mailhot & Langley (2017), Gond et al (2017) and Taupin (2012). The thesis supports Taupin's (2012) suggestion; that a rating's legitimacy is based on a collection of 'moral worths' (p.529), and conceptualises this through the 'composite assemblage' advanced by (Mailhot & Langley, 2017). Analysis contributes to scholarly understanding of processes of legitimation, by unpacking the relative 'robustness' of an assemblage, to internal and external 'tests' of worth. In unpacking these processes, the thesis brings together theory from EW, 'substantive and symbolic CSR', materiality, risk, and boundary objects; to uncover a complex 'web' of dynamic central, and peripheral value assemblages, which BiTC staff and participating CR practitioners draw upon, in legitimating and critiquing participation in the CRI.
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Wing, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Nonprofit-business partnership : the social construction of value." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51001/.
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The recent burgeoning of academic and practitioner interest in nonprofit-business partnership and other forms of cross-sector social partnership (CSSP) reflects their perceived importance as mechanisms for creating value, by addressing intractable social, economic and environmental problems (Austin & Seitanidi, 2012a; Le Ber & Branzei, 2010a; Porter & Kramer, 2011; Selsky & Parker, 2005). The literature identifies an emerging trend over the past few decades towards strategic nonprofit-business dyadic partnerships, whose stated aim is, at least in part, the creation of social value, alongside organizational value for the participating organizations (Seitanidi & Crane, 2009; Vock, Van Dolen & Kolk, 2013; Waddock, 1988). This research reconceptualizes value as a socially constructed, discursively constituted concept. It tracks the evolution of a time-limited dyadic nonprofit-business partnership between a credit card company and a young people’s charity in the United Kingdom, in real time. The empirical work commenced at the very outset of the PhD, progressing in tandem with the exploration of relevant literatures. The initial research question was intentionally broad, with sub-questions emerging inductively from the data analysis. The overarching research question is: “How do partners involved in nonprofit-business partnership construct value through their discourse?”. This positions the thesis to investigate how partnership talk functions, which is identified as an under-researched aspect of nonprofit-business partnership and other forms of CSSP. The particular perspective on discourse theory adopted for this thesis draws on the work of discursive psychologists, such as Potter and Wetherall (1987), but is also sensitized by post-structuralist ideas. It therefore recognizes the multiplicity of possible interpretations and questions conceptions of value which treat it as an objective concept, existing outside of discourse. It combines ethnographic techniques with discourse analysis, taking full advantage of the high level of pre-negotiated access to this case. This enables the detailed analysis of partnership talk to be integrated with an ethnographic sensitivity to context. This research opens up the ‘black box’ of partnership talk to reveal the micro-level discursive practices through which the partners deploy their communicative skills to construct the value of the partnership. In this thesis, partnership talk is found to be characteristically both collaborative (as opposed to competitive) and asymmetrical (in terms of its structure). However, where the partners engage in joint planning activity and the funding relationship is not salient, the talk becomes more symmetrical, with both partners contributing to the dialogue on a more equal basis, thus more conducive to the co-creation of value. The findings capture discursive practices involved in aligning for value, building value and affirming value in collaborative partnership talk. Where the partnership talk becomes misaligned, for example, where tensions or sensitivities arise, the partners employ various discursive practices to defend and repair the value of the partnership and to avoid overt conflict. A key contribution of this research is a multi-level Value Construction Model, which is grounded in the close analysis of partnership talk. This is not a positivistic or prescriptive model, but rather a descriptive and explanatory model, based on patterns discovered inductively in partnership talk data and recognising the diversity of cases and research settings and the complexity of multi-party partnership talk.
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Lloyd, Tim. "Present value models of agricultural land prices in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11753/.
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This study employs recently developed techniques in time series econometrics to estimate linear models of equilibrium price determination in a competitive market for durable assets. Motivating this study is the unstructured approach employed in previous land price research, where the theoretical model of agent behaviour is invariably mis-specified or left undeveloped and the empirical model prone to the problems of spurious regression. The joint issues of theoretical and statistical congruence play important roles here. Specifically, a theoretical model is developed in which market participants are assumed to price land using present value methods. At the market level this yields a reduced form expression of equilibrium price determination which can be estimated empirically using aggregate data for England and Wales. The concepts of error correction and cointegration are then investigated and applied to the land price model. A unique long run relationship is identified between real agricultural land prices, inflation and real agricultural rents. Taking account of inflation-hedging as a motivation for acquiring farmland, land prices are shown to be principally determined by the returns to land, as embodied by market rents. The empirical model is also congruent with theoretical predictions regarding the unit elasticity between asset prices and returns. The error correction representation of the cointegrating set indicates that the short run response of land prices to rent and inflation is larger than the long run response. Consequently, land prices initially overshoot their equilibrium values following changes in rents or inflation. The period of adjustment to long run equilibrium lasts around three or fours years. The long run real rate of discount on agricultural land is estimated at 3.6% confirming the widely held belief that real rates of return on farmland are low. Present value models incorporating naive, adaptive and rational expectations are also estimated and the adaptive model is favoured by the data.
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Sharma, Rohit. "Financing Urban Rail Projects through Land Value Capture – The Indian Case." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70304.
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The thesis has demonstrated that Indian cities and other emerging cities can implement economically and financially viable urban rail projects through tapping the land based financing. An integrated approach to transit, finance and urban land development, with private sector involvement from the concept stage, will create opportunities for higher economic value and partnerships. The thesis shows that the demand for electric urban rail will continue to grow due to policies on climate change.
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Zhang, Xiaowei. "The Effects of Conservation Easements on Land Values." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32626.
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The Conservation easement has become a popular tool for land protection in the past few decades. Whether this development restriction will necessarily decrease the land value is an empirical question. This study employs a hedonic pricing approach to test empirically the effects of conservation easements on land values. The econometric results indicate that conservation easements can slightly increase the land values, but the effect is statistically insignificance. Considering the limited dataset, the interpretation of the results warrant some caution.Master of Science
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Liu, Hoi-ling Mercedes Faustyna. "Evaluating the impacts of zoning on land value a Hong Kong case study, 1987-2005 /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4098803X.
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Burlingame, Carol Elaine. "Assessing current agriculture use value in farmland preservation." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1089818218.
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Ayers, William Grove. "Determining the Value of Pedestrian Surfaces in Suburban DC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64350.
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Recent demographic studies suggest a shift in consumer preference away from auto-centric suburban housing to more walkable suburban communities. In response to these changes, efforts have been made to model the walkability of a location and determine its effect on the market value of both residential and commercial real estate. Existing walkability models have considered the importance of amenities and potential pedestrian routes, but have neglected to identify the importance of pedestrian surfaces such as sidewalks and trails as a proportion of the route traveled, and have typically modeled pedestrian movement using exclusively street or trail centerline data. The following paper uses a new walkability model to provide insight on the effect pedestrian surfaces along these amenity routes have on the market value of single family detached and semi-detached homes in Fairfax County, VA. It was found that increases in pedestrian surfaces along amenity routes had little to no effect on home value, but that 3.3%, 1.2 %, and 0.7 % price premiums existed for single family homes that had amenity paths of less than 1 mile to public transportation, public spaces, and recreational facilities, respectively. Price reductions of 3.0 % were discovered for homes that had amenity paths within 1 mile of retail locations.Master of Science
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Chu, L.-M. "The value of pulverized refuse fines for plant growth and land reclamation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233803.
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Perry, Lyndi. "The Value of Farmland: Mapping Assessor Data to Understand Land Use Change." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7413.
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Ideas developed by regional economists have potential applications within the urban planning field. One potential application is toward conserving farmland, and within this thesis this topic is examined for the study area of Utah County, Utah. Using assessor data, a land value map is created and further used to develop a regional economic model and spatial models that were analyzed for patterns of land use change.
Findings show that representing land value as continuous surface maps is a useful approach. The maps reveal that Utah County has densified as its population increased while farmland loss still occurred in agriculturally-important areas. Vulnerable areas were identified by examining the value of changed lands. Change mapping shows that macro-level variables affect local land values and subsequent development patterns.
While limitations exist, the conclusion was drawn that this data is useful in connecting land value to location, examining change over time, and understanding how individuals’ priorities (as represented through property values) may conflict with (and potentially solve) collective goals.
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Callahan, Mark F. (Mark Francis). "Using transactional and spatial data to determine drivers of industrial land value." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113483.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2017Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-76).
The value of a given parcel of land is determined by a multitude of factors based on its location and physical characteristics. No two parcels are alike, making direct comparison between parcels and the study of underlying land values difficult. Further, in locations where land is most valuable, there are often existing improvements on the land. In order to determine a land-only value, the value of the existing buildings or infrastructure must be estimated. This leads to the potential for errors and other issues. There has been a great deal of research conducted on land value for specific real estate uses, such as residential or office. However, little research has been conducted on industrial land. This study will focus specifically on industrial land value and the individual factors that drive it. This study analyzes a database of 1,000 transactions in 10 of the largest industrial real estate markets in the United States.
The data set is unique because most of the data points are land only, lessening the impact of appraisal and estimation techniques. Additional variables were added to each data point to account for local land use regulation, as well as spatial location. A regression analysis determined how these variables influenced the underlying land values. From this analysis, the following conclusions emerged: First, land use regulation is a strong driver of industrial land values. Using index values from the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index (WRLURI), the analysis showed that land values increased when the stringency of land regulation increased. Second, proximity to interstate highways, airports, and the central business district are also significant drivers of industrial land value. Decreased distances to these points of interest resulted in increased land value. Third, industrial land values are also positively influenced by the cumulative income of the surrounding population.
A 1 percent increase in cumulative population income resulted in an approximately 0.47 percent increase in land value. Lastly, physical land features impacted land values intuitively. Flattened, developed sites were much more valuable than raw, undeveloped sites.
by Mark F. Callahan.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate
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Fantino, Davide. "Innovation activity, R&D incentives, competition and market value." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/166/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines some characteristics of the interaction between innovation activity of firms, in particular R&D, and economic system. The first main chapter analyses a mechanism of interaction between R&D and market structure, in a horizontally differentiated market where firms invest to increase differentiation among varieties. R&D activity declines over time; prices, output and short-run profits of firms producing the differentiated product move towards the higher steadystate values, production of the non-differentiated good falls. The increasing specialization improves the overall utility of consumers. The comparison with the socially optimal solution shows that firms underinvest in R&D. The second main chapter evaluates the effectiveness of the incentives to development of innovations provided by the Italian Ministry for Economic Development through the Fund for Technological Innovation. We analyse the subsidies to firms supplied by the general and the special sections of this Fund, using a difference-in-differences framework and a regression discontinuity one. We find no hints of effect on investments, dimension, labour productivity, labour costs, financial structure and profitability. For the general section, the effect on assets is positive, suggesting that firms used the subsidy to finance current expenditures. The third main chapter examines the relationship between R&D and market value of firms. We find high heterogeneity in the coefficients of different US manufacturing sectors between 1975 and 1995; sometimes the effects of current R&D on market value are very small or negative. We develop a model with uncertain R&D, where we decompose market value in two components, due to the already concretized assets and to work-in-progress R&D. Risk aversion may cause different evaluations of these components: when investors are risk-averse and managers maximize the long-run firm value, the risk associated with work-in-progress R&D reduces the short-run firm value even if its expected long-run value grows.
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Burlingame, Carol E. "Assessing Current Agriculture Use Value in Farmland Preservation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1089818218.
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Mühlhofer, Tobias. "Trading constraints and the investment value of real estate investment trusts : an empirical examination." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/328/.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the property-derived cash flows that a REIT investor earns. We observe that, in the short run, REIT investors are only exposed to the income cash flows of a REIT's underlying portfolio and not to its property price fluctuations. Specifically, investors miss out on the component of appreciation returns not contained in income. Chapter 3 observes this phenomenon and argues, without proof, that this is due to the trading restrictions that REITs face in order to operate tax free, which impose minimum holding periods on properties in REITs' portfolios. Chapters 4 and 5 show that the trading-restrictions explanation is indeed the reason for this phenomenon. Specifically, chapter 4 tests how REITs with different firm characteristics are differently affected by the trading constraints. Firstly, we test for size effects and find that medium-sized and large firms offer investors better exposure to short-term fluctuations in property appreciation than small firms. This supports the trading restrictions hypothesis, as large firms are less affected by these. Secondly, we test for the effects of the degree of diversification in a REIT's portfolio and find that, while investing in a REIT which is diversified by property type gives an investor better exposure to appreciation cash flows, investing in one whose portfolio is merely geographically diversified does not. Finally, we test whether UPREITs give an investor better exposure to property appreciation cash flows and find strongly that this is so. Since the partnership that holds the property in an UPREIT is not subject to selling constraints, we find our hypothesis strongly supported. Chapter 5 analyzes holding periods and selling decisions. We firstly simulate a possible filter-based market timing strategy which significantly outperforms a simple buy-and-hold strategy, and demonstrate to what extent holding periods shorter than what is allowed are required. We then analyze actual holding periods of properties in REITs' portfolios and model the decision to hold a property beyond four years, finding strong evidence that there is an incentive to do so in a rising market. This gives strong support to the trading-restrictions explanation.
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Aggett, Jonathan Edward. "Financial Analysis of Restoring Sustainable Forests on Appalachian Mined Lands for Wood Products, Renewable Energy, Carbon Sequestration, and Other Ecosystem Services." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36096.
Full textAbstract:
Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), mandates that mined land be reclaimed in a fashion that renders the land at least as productive after mining as it was before mining. In the central Appalachian region, where prime farmland and economic development opportunities for mined land are scarce, the most practical land use choices are hayland/pasture, wildlife habitat, or forest land. Since 1977, the majority of mined land has been reclaimed as hayland/pasture or wildlife habitat, which is less expensive to reclaim than forest land, since there are no tree planting costs. As a result, there are now hundreds of thousands of hectares of grasslands and scrublands in various stages of natural succession located throughout otherwise forested mountains in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for understanding/calculating the economic implications of converting these reclaimed mined lands to forests under various silvicultural regimes, and to demonstrate the economic/decision-making implications of an incentive scheme on such a land use conversion. The economic feasibility of a range of land-use conversion scenarios was analyzed for both mixed hardwoods and white pine, under a set of low product prices and under a set of high product prices. Economic feasibility was based on land expectation values. Further, three types of incentive schemes were investigated: 1) lump sum payment at planting (and equivalent series of annual payments), 2) revenue incentive at harvest and 3) payment based on carbon volume. Mixed hardwood LEVs ranged from -$2416.71/ha (low prices) to $3955.72/ha (high prices). White pine LEVs ranged from -$2330.43/ha (low prices) to $3746.65/ha (high prices). A greater percentage of white pine scenarios yielded economically feasible land-use conversions than did the mixed hardwood scenarios, and it seems that a conversion to white pine forests would, for the most part, be the more appealing option. It seems that, for both mixed hardwoods and white pine, it would be in the best interests of the landowner to invest in the highest quality sites first. For a conversion to mixed hardwood forests, a low intensity level of site preparation seems economically optimal for most scenarios. For a conversion to white pine forests, a medium intensity level of site preparation seems economically optimal for most scenarios.
Mixed hardwoods lump sum payments, made at the time of planting, ranged from $0/ha to $2416.71/ha (low prices). White pine lump sum payments, made at the time of planting, ranged from $0/ha to $2330.53/ha (low prices). Mixed hardwoods benefits based on an increase in revenue at harvest, ranged from $0/ha to $784449.52/ha (low prices). White pine benefits based on an increase in revenue at harvest ranged from $0/ha to $7011.48/ha (high prices). Annual mixed hardwood benefits, based on total stand carbon volume present at the end of a given year, ranged from $0/ton of carbon to $5.26/ton carbon (low prices). White pine benefits based on carbon volume ranged from $0/ton of carbon to $18.61/ton of carbon (high prices). It appears that, for white pine scenarios, there is not much difference between incentive values for lump sum payments at planting, revenue incentives at harvest, and total carbon payments over a rotation. For mixed hardwoods, however, it appears that the carbon payment incentive is by far the cheapest option of encouraging landowners to convert land.
Master of Science
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Fagerberg, Nils. "The Value of Farming : How to count for multifunctional productionfrom Swedish land use." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24464.
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There is an ongoing political debate in Sweden about the future role of agriculture and generalland use in the countryside. In the Ministry of Agriculture some specific issues have beenemphasised. First, the negative environmental effects caused by agriculture shall be reduced.Secondly, different goods and values produced by agriculture besides food production shallbe supported. Third, the countryside in itself has a value which needs maintenance support1.These policy issues also correspond to the changes that are actually taking place in practice.The new word that is commonly used to describe the diverse outputs from farms ismultifunctionality. A common definition of multifunctional production is that it includes allproduction from land use except for basic production of food and fibre2. Following thisdefinition production of food and wood from forests is regarded as basic tasks in farming, butadded monetary or non-monetary benefits are seen as multifunctional production. The generaltrend in Swedish farming is that these new functions in land use are gaining weight comparedto the traditional basic tasks, but this change is to some extent hindered by incompletecompensation for the benefits produced. The current change is caused by new trends in themarkets, in the politics and in ethical standpoints3. However, compared to most otherproductive sectors, the agricultural sector is very much influenced by political economicintervention4, which heavily steers cost-revenue analysis for individual farmers. It is thereforevery important to discuss how the economic system could develop in the agricultural sector,to provide for a sustainable use of the land resources. This is in the end a political issue, but itshould be proceeded with a scientific discussion since farming also depends on physical andbiological reality.
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Hanson, Mark D. "Calibration coefficient use and value selection guidance for the MOSCOW land combat model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26904.
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Wong, Kok Wai. "Planning proposals and land value change : a case study of Singapore using GIS." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70699.
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Wolff, Elizabeth B. "True value : an investigation into the valuation behavior of land developers and appraisers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29769.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-85).
The goal of this thesis is to investigate the real world problems associated with valuing a key component of real estate -- raw land. Because land valuation is seen as a risky endeavor that requires investors to make decisions based on outcomes that are uncertain, it offers a unique and interesting realm for evaluating human decision-making behavior. Through contrasting the three different decision processes of 1) the normative approach to valuation that appraisers are trained to employ 2) the true valuation behavior of appraisers in the field, and 3) the true valuation behavior of land developers in the market place, this study seeks to gain insight into real estate valuation behavior. The hypotheses for this thesis are drawn from the core theories of decision analysis and cognitive psychology. Because this study looks at the process of valuation, it focuses on the cognitive shortcuts, formally referred to as heuristics, that humans use to make decisions in complex situations where the outcome of a t.ask is uncertain. In this study, a process tracing technique was employed to study the problem solving behavior of nine land developers and ten appraisers. To compare subject processes, protocols were conceptualized as frequency distributions and were compared using Kolmogorov-Smimov goodness-of-fit tests as well as parametric tests of equal population proportions. The results of the tests showed that according to a model developed by the Appraisal Institute, appraisers and developers behave in a non-normative manner for they take certain cognitive shortcuts that end up altering this model when valuing an asset. The information search behavior of appraisers and developers was also found to be observably different. Further investigation discovered that appraisers look at more comparables than developers, while developers tend to be more interested in incorporating valuation steps that are not prescribed by the nonnative model. The findings of this study lead to serious questions about the efficacy of the Al's current model. In fact, the deviations between appraisers' methodologies and those of the market, as represented by the developers tested, were such that if these discrepancies are not addressed the work of appraisers risks becoming marginalized. Implications for future research were also discussed.
by Elizabeth Brooke Wolff.
S.M.and M.C.P.
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Shen, Lo-Chi, and 沈鑼志. "Performance of Land Value Assessment : An Empirical for Taiwan Land Value Taxation." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50037601905565261069.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土地管理學系
87
ABSTRACT Taiwan is experiencing problems of underestimate and unequal assessment for the land value tax. Ratios of land value assessment and market value may vary substantial across counties and cities. This study incorporates the method used by Paglin and Fogarty (1972) and the coefficient of dispersion to measure the uniformity, vertical inequity, and horizontal inequity of the land value assessment data of 21 counties in Taiwan. We find that there exists significant horizontal inequity among various counties. Such results are useful in understanding local governments* tax base management and tax efforts on land value taxation.
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RongLi and 李蓉. "An Analysis of Land Value Tax on Urban Land Consolidation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h9h337.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
法律學系
107
Taiwan uses the land value tax to achieve the purpose of equal land rights and promotes land use and urban development. And land consolidation is a land redrawing system to promote the efficiency of land use. It reorganizes land within a specific area, improves public facilities and redistributes land to landowners. In order to prevent landowners from having double non-interest during the period of land consolidation, Article 17 of the Land Tax Reduction and Exemption Regulations:〝Land in expropriation or consolidation zone is exempted from land value tax or agricultural land tax, provided it cannot be farmed or used for its original purpose and does not generate revenue during the process of zone or section expropriation or consolidation; such land is entitled to 50% reduction of land value tax or agricultural land tax for two years starting from the time the expropriation or consolidation formalities are completed.〞 This paper limits the scope of the study to the problem of land value tax on urban land consolidation. First, the theory recognizes this article is a tax incentive, but this paper recognizes this article should be ability to pay principle from the perspective of its legislative purposes. Second, in last ten years of the administrative courts (97-107 years of the Republic of China), the practical attitude was analyzed in categories based on the constituent elements of tax, and the gap between the norms and the actual situation of the collection was also reflected in this paper.
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Chang, Gong-Hwang, and 張宮凰. "Study on Land Value Tax Reform." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ae6dy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中科技大學
財政稅務系租稅管理與理財規劃碩士班
106
he equalization of land rights policy is hoping that everyone can get a piece of land for basic needs. Based on it, the starting point of progressive Land Value Tax rate puts restrictions on the size of the land. Land Value Tax, therefore, a type of ad valorem duty, levies taxes on the starting point and imposes progressive tax rate on the total. The self-use residential land tax, a sort of preferential tax, has to meet its “requirements,”which is based on the “size of the land”. It causes not only the inconsistency between taxable bases and preferential tax bases, but also undermines the progressive tax structure, just like lifting the starting point, unfair taxation, marriage penalties, human rights violations, tax collection violations, inaccurate demographic statistics, etc. The study has compiled Land Act, The Equalization of Land Rights Act, Land Tax Act and other relevant documents to get a better understanding of the background and legislation purposes of the self-use residential land as well as the starting point of progressive Land Value Tax rate. Finally, the research work will inquire into its fairness by utilizing Gini coefficient. After analyzing the regulatory provisions, we have found that the self-use residential land tax lacks its necessity. With 7 acres of average land value being the starting point of the progressive Land Value Tax rate is outdated, Gini coefficient also indicates the inequity of tax savings. In order to find solutions to the deficiencies, the “basic fixed amount of land value” should be abolished, instead it should levy taxes in accordance with the structure of the society and demographics. The study aims to prevent large-scale land acquisition and make the best use of land by reviewing the starting point of progressive Land Value Tax rate based on the average land value of 3.5 acres of the municipalities or counties. The results could be taken as a reference for the reflection of the implementation of the Land Value Tax and tax reform in the future.
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Lin, Yong-Cheng, and 林永成. "Study on Feasibility of Transform Value of Rights Model of Land Expropriations by Analyzing Land Value Factors." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23970530368072251763.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土地管理所
97
The price of real estate determined by its purpose, rareness and demand. While evaluating real estate, it is necessary to master those factors and to analyze the interactions of its tracks and trends. The researches of land expropriation in the past mostly analyze through legal system. This research from the process of land expropriation compensation discusses the way that transfer rights replace the money, reviewing the influence factor of land prices by documents, though AHP gets influence factor of the selling price, arrange order and weight value. Through the institution of market competitive bidding, and consider equivalent exchange of purchase of development rights of transfer of development rights, bring up the way transform value of rights to solve acquisition of the land reserved for public facility.
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Yu, Bo-Chiao, and 余博樵. "The Impact of Land Value Increment Tax Rate on Land Price." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84041554479897227395.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
土地管理與開發學系碩士班
100
As the population increases, the availability of land is geting fewer. Result the land market prices are rise. In order to curb the speculative monopoly of the land market, the Government attempting to stabilize it by the imposition and adjustment of land value increment tax. In 1990s, in view of the real estate market downturn, the land value increment tax decline significantly. Review the reason of the real estate market downturn, the land value increment tax rate has become the causes of the market transactions inactively. Factors affecting of the land price, can be according to different criteria for the classification of distinguished different types. Most studies using multiple regression analysis, ther are fewer considering the impact variable between different sectors of discussion. In addition to exploring of the different regions background, exploring the establishment of a hierarchical relationship. And explore the land value increment tax and the other factors that impact on land price, and use hierarchical linear modeling estimated the land value increment tax on land price. In this study, use the hierarchical linear model to explore the relationship between hierarchism. This study use the government issued statistics since 1999 to 2010 years. Selection factors of level distinction as the regional level and the general environment level to empirical analysis. The empirical results shows that the hierarchical relationship between the factors affecting of the land price, as required by the hierarchical linear model analysis. Further analysis revealed that the regional level factors and the general environment factors have moderating effects, and there is reciprocation between hierarchism. Finally, comparing to the hierarchical linear modeling and regression models, estimate of the results of the hierarchical linear model can be used to forecasts more accurate of each sample.
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Wang, Shu-Jung, and 王樹蓉. "Factors affecting land value increment tax avoidance: The land administration agent’s viewpoint." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35953441945874194120.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土地管理所
95
The increment of land value would not increase by additional worker or capital; it is levied through incremental tax from the national revenue service. Although it have been stated in the constitution, but in recent years, many tax payers or interest parties have conducted tax avoidance by taking advantages of various policies, such as promoting of land utilization or boosting economic, as methods of “manipulating” on the planning of the land, which generates inappropriate claim of tax benefits and reduce on tax levies of national treasury. Also, follow-up of payments of evaded tax causes additional wastage on administration and human resources to various departments. Currently, the government’s preliminary against on behaviors of tax avoidance is the principle of of statutory tax-paying reclaim of evaded tax on singles cases; there are no other effective methods to prevent tax avoidance. Most of the time, the case has to conduct prosecution after the evaded tax have been paid. Even in some cases, the completion of payment of overdue tax would only be paid up after judicial actions are over. As result, it causes wastage on time and reclaiming of tax is only on the actual part of evasion of levy duty. With behaviors of tax avoidance, the issue is absent in discussion for effective methods to prevent constant occurrences, and requires reconsideration on the practical benefits. The government applies the principle of statutory tax-paying in against of tax avoidance, yet authorizing revenue service departments with excessive authority on administrative judgment and legislative indolent. It is liable for selective law enforcement and corrupt practice in tax collection. From the observation, this research use real diagnosis analysis as research methodology to explore factors effecting land value increment tax avoidance, and provide as reference for government to establish relevant incremental tax policies. The findings of this research have shown that: 1.Tax payers that utilize planning as the method to perform tax avoidance has already known that their action are illegal, and acknowledges the possibility of facing reclaim of evaded tax. But the tax payers are still willing to attempt tax avoidance and would not change its intension in irrespective of amounts of tax levy. 2. Social status of tax payers would influence on behaviors of tax avoidance. Tax payers that have more properties, have more economic ability, and have higher educations; are more willing to perform tax avoidance. There is also a significant norm showing that tax payers willing to attempt tax avoidance are because other tax payers are performing tax avoidance as well, which influence on their behaviors by following with. 3. Tax payers’ emotions towards current land value increment tax institution are unjust and out-dated, which result of utilizing planning to attempt tax avoidance. Other than that, when legislations are indistinct, attempt of tax avoidance is significant.
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Hsu, Yo-Teh, and 徐有德. "The impacts of Land Value Increment Tax cut on corporate land transactions." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27974770672616090040.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
會計研究所
92
The Land Value Increment Tax (LVIT) has been halved for two years from Feb. 1, 2002. (The tax cut policy has been extended from two years previously to three years until Jan. 31, 2005). Prior studies found that the impacts of change in tax rate will be reflected on company stock prices, but fewer studies were aimed at the impacts of change in tax rate on real transactions. This study examines the impacts of LVIT cut on Taiwan’s listed and OTC companies land transactions. It is found that (1) According to the empirical results, listed and OTC companies deferred their land transactions after the announcement of the tax cut policy. (2) Based on the descriptive statistics results, it is found that the tax cut policy induces listed and OTC companies to sell land in the implementation period and to postpone selling land with higher holding gains during the announcement period to gather greater disposal gains. However, the regression results do not support the same conclusions. (3) The empirical results of this study provides evidence that higher Land-for-sale and Operating loss are important motives behind increased land transactions by listed and OTC companies in response to the tax cut policy. Based on the above-mentioned empirical results, this study infers that, as a result of the LVIT cut, the motives behind increased land transactions conducted by listed and OTC companies are for the purpose of reducing tax burden in the future or covering loss from operating activities. Consequently, this tax cut policy contributes little to efforts to stimulate economic upturn, since most of the listed and OTC companies only take advantage of the policy to gather tax benefit or to cover loss -- a development that is not beneficial for overall economic growth.
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Huang, Chao-Shun, and 黃朝順. "Research of the Practical Land Value Increment Tax Problem About the Agricultural Land." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39051169071992998694.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
法律學系碩士班
99
On 1949 the Republic of China Government moved to Taiwan, first implementation of farm land rent reduction, following the implementation of the Homestead and, land to the tiller, agricultural land re-organizing, hillside development, a series of reclaimed land development and utilization of agricultural land reform Policies. On 1956, Republic of China implemented the city average land rights legislation to tax incentives as a reward incentive to uphold the long-term "agricultural land farmers omned", "agricultural farm" of agricultural policy. This paper attempts to start by talking about the background of the development land tax, researching the reduction of agricultural land transfer tax system changes. On 2000 , the article 39 section 2 of the amendments to the land Tax Law, the agricultural land from "exempt"to"not Imposed, "while long-term holders of amending the law prior to the transfer of agricultural land given without adjustment " of the original decreed value "to avoid amending the law without the transfer of former agricultural land, in amending the law for agricultural use, not too heavy tax burden with difference between before and after correction, the paper quoted the description of the relevant laws and regulations. Notice of the land price of land in present value calculate the total amount of tax levied on the land, not to impose the actual transaction price, coupled with lowered tax rates and reduced long-held and other rules, it is difficult to achieve value-added tax of land owned by the public of the price Land policy; In addition, applications for transfer of agricultural land "does not impose" total number of land prices, in violation of the principle of the burden of price benefit, even had the burden of the tax burden onto others, and inconsistent with the principle of fairness; apply for adjustment "of the original Of land value "used in the past the tax authorities should investigate the situation, not only the fact that the difficulties of proof, in case of disputes, through litigation to resolve a waste of administrative data. This value-added tax of land surface and the theoretical side of practice to do comparison based on the entire management, and later impose our way of agricultural land, both cases occurring in practice, understanding of agricultural land through the legal side of land value increment tax levied on the issue, trying to find and discuss How to solve the problem. This paper analyzes the above problems, the final view the current land policy and economic environment, our land value-added tax system in line with the principle of fairness required, should be amended to the direction and trends, to provide policy makers with the legislative direction for the future reference. Keywords: agricultural land, agricultural use, land value-added tax, announced land value, the total price of the land price
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Chang, Ya-Yun, and 張雅芸. "The Impact of Agricultutral Land Shifting on Land Value Increment Tax in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13288134611050485448.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
財稅所
96
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of agricultural land shifting on land value increment tax revenue in Taiwan. This study uses error corrective model and panel data model to do empirical analysis. The empirical models of this study are different from the previous studies. The time series data period is from 1984 to 2006 of Taiwan Province, except the Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities. The panel data consist of 21 counties and cities of Taiwan Province from 2001 to 2006. Before use the error correction model to do empirical analysis, we did unit root tests such as ADF, PP, and KPSS and cointegration test. Before use error correction model to do empirical analysis, we did unit root tests such as ADF, PP, and KPSS and cointegration test. In the panel data model, we use LLC panel unit root test before we do empirical analysis. The empirical result of the error correction model indicates that there is a long run relationship among land value increment tax revenue, and all other variables in the model. The results of the panel data model show that the exemption from agricultural land shifting has a negative impact on the land value increment tax revenue.
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TSAI, CHUN-MAN, and 蔡春滿. "A Study on Tax Revision From Agricultural Land Tax to Land Value Tax." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64158730289103335170.
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Chuang, Yu-Ying, and 莊玉盈. "The Effect of Land Value Increment Tax Policies to Land Transaction in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10825790325602608917.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
財稅所
99
The land value increment tax (LVIT) in Taiwan was first temporarily half tax levy from 2002 to 2004 and then lowered the statuary tax rates after 2005. Using the panel data of 23 municipalities from 1999 to 2009, we empirically analysis the policy effect on real estate transaction. We divide the land transactions into three types: owner occupied housing, real estate speculation and tax avoidance, land development and commercial use. We find that the policy changes have no significant impact on real estate speculation and tax avoidance since the owners hold the real estate for short time period. The policy changes do significantly increase transactions for owner occupied housing and long time period land holders during half tax levy period but no significant effect after 2005. Keywords: land value increment tax, land transaction, policy effect
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Chou, Tzu-Lo, and 周子樂. "The Study of the Increasing Rate of Land Value for Land Area Distribution on Urban Land Readjustment." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70668418011431796034.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崑山科技大學
房地產開發與管理研究所
102
In order to make the benefits of Urban Land Readjustment ( ULR ) be able to achieve equitable and reasonable distribution, Therefore land appraisal is playing important key. Regardless of government-excuted or self-implemented by landlords’association, The land appraisal must evaluate the land value before ULR and land value after ULR respectively and the increasing rate of land value serving as land distribution and burden basis of calculation. Although established distribution basis under reasonable and in accordance with the provision of law of land value assessment. The estimated benchmark of land value after readjustment still exist adjustable space. Resulting in having recent and forward trade-offs influence between participants of a URL. This nature exists generally for any URL Implementation. For simulation analysis, this case selected a scholar's article which has been published on readjustment land development part. Thus, this study supposed land value assessment completed. Simulation adjusting the benchmark of the average land value after readjustment. It will produce nonlinear distribution changes of land area. Besides having short-term effects of area variation of distribution between the landowners and Implementer's cost equivalent land. The long-term will also affect the land value increment tax and land value tax levied. So implementation of a URL proposal in preparation,By the nature of highlights, that all participants can master the situation on implementation of a URL to make real estate appraisal and land distribution more reasonable.
50
Chen, Ying-Yen, and 陳映燕. "Economic analysis of the land value increment tax." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mr53f6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
經濟學系碩士在職專班
95
Economic Analysis of the Land Value Increment Tax Student : Ying -Yen Chen Advisor: Dr. Chien-Sen Huang Dr. Cheng-Te Hsiao Abstract This study is to construct a Bi-Sector Trio Factor model in order to investigate and analyze the influence of the Land Value Increment Tax on the economy in Taiwan (R.O.C.). This model is developed by adding three factor productivities-Land, Labor and Capital to the Bi-Sector General Equilibrium Model that are static and completely competitive (Real Estate Sector and Commodity Market Sector) for analysis, taking the value of the variable of the price-quantity relationship and the value of relative changes of factor price into account, as well as taking the factor of Land Value Increment Tax into consideration. Noteworthy is the fact that the value of the variable of the price-quantity relationship and the value of the relative changes of factor price is the result from the calculation based on the static and completely competitive Bi-Sector General Equilibrium Model with the consideration of three factor productivities-Land, Labor and Capital, mentioned above. In this case, the Bi-Sectors refer to the sectors of Real Estate and Commodity Market. Moreover, on the premise that the Land Value Increment Tax is imposed on the tax payers by Government Real Estate Sector as well as the tax payers are tax-exempt from the Land Value Increment Tax by the Government Commodity Market Sector according to the information of the factors of non-city land and labor, this research paper aims to analyze the incidence of the Land Value Increment Tax after also taking the factor of the degree of market prosperity into account. The paper further investigates the influence on the Real Estate Market and factor productivity that one unit of Land Value Increment Tax being imposed and figures out the changing directions of equilibrium values. We have discovered that the lower Land Value Increment Tax during the economic depression will defer the utilization and exploration of lands which results in the decrease of volume of trade followed by price drops of the Real Estate. It is necessary that the factor of degree or condition of the market prosperity should include in the analysis of the taxation of Land Value Increment Tax. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The trading volume of the real estate is slightly reduced. 2. The transfer prices of the real estates are slightly reduced. 3. The degree of development and utilization of resources of land is relatively low. 4. The lower taxes causes the net return rates on the sale of lands, namely, the the profit that the landlords receive from the lower tax has shifted to the real estate consumers. 5. The effect of crowding out and perhaps the rise of the interest rate bring out the decrease of return rate on non-vernmentinvestments. The process of tax reduction causes the effect of “crowding out” that is to say that the decrease of the government revenue leads to the competition with the private enterprises or the non-governmental circles for the funds. On the other hand, the return on labor shows the increasing tendency. Keyword: general equilibrium model, land value increment tax, real estate