Academic literature on the topic 'Land water marginal areas'
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Journal articles on the topic "Land water marginal areas"
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Hartati, Hartati, Ahmad Muhlis Nuryadi, and Sitti Rosmalah. "The Ratio of Added Value to Marginal Land Use of Embankments in Wisata Agribisnis." Buletin Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Haluoleo 22, no. 2 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/bpsosek.v22i2.14241.
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The main activity of pond land in Wisata Agribisnis is the cultivation of milkfish. However, to maximize the use of pond land, pond farmers plant dragon fruit plants to add value to land management. The aim of this research is to analyze the value-added ratio on marginal land. This research method is a case study of marginal land use in agribusiness tourism, with qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data are analyzed with income analysis and value-added analysis. Qualitative data describe the marginal land use of embankments. The research results of dragon fruit planting in the marginal areas of pond embankments showed: 1) dragon fruit plants do not pollute pond water, this is because the structure of dragon fruit plants is similar to cactus plants, 2) full sunlight in ponds is very suitable for dragon fruit plants, 3) plants dragon fruit is very tolerant of brackish water, 4) the taste of dragon fruit remains sweet in root conditions close to brackish water, 5) dragon fruit plants continue to bear fruit even though planted in marginal land at the embankments of the pond. The results of the research on marginal land use of pond embankments by planting dragon fruit plants added value of Rp. 17,302,857, with a ratio of 85%. Pond farmers can take advantage of the marginal land of their ponds by planting dragon fruit plants.
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Field, C. R. "Utilization of marginal and arid rangelands for livestock and wildlife in Africa." BSAP Occasional Publication 21 (1998): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00032080.
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AbstractThe main uses to which marginal and arid rangelands are put involve livestock production, tourism based on wildlife and ethno-tourism, and agriculture, i.e. crop production. There is minimal dry land forestry, sometimes as agro-forestry. The emphasis placed on these three main uses varies according to the ecological potential (i.e. climate, topography and soils) and accessibility to the areas.Taking the Kenyan example, approximately 20% of the land is arid and used almost exclusively for livestock production while ethno-tourism runs a poor second in dry seasons because of inaccessibility. Current technology in Africa precludes extensive irrigation. Peak production of livestock is in the late wet season and early dry with marketing mostly in dry seasons. Over 50% of the land is semi-arid where all three uses are practised. Livestock production is still the most important and agriculture the least important, because rainfall is unreliable and erratic, wildlife populations are larger and so tourism is more important (e.g. Amboseli, Isiolo, Samburu). Agriculture occurs particularly in wet years and wet seasons.Although land is only very locally suited to agriculture, permanent water sources, rivers and springs may enable year round settlement. Farmers of non-pastoral backgrounds (and even some pastoralists) wish to follow their traditions and attempt cultivation. This is occasionally successful in above average years of rainfall (two years in five) on good soils but fails in dry years when it also deprives livestock of essential traditional dry season grazing reserves.Marginal areas occupy perhaps 12% of the land but are in high demand for all three use categories. Pastures are ideal for fattening livestock bred in more arid areas and they have a rapid turn-over. Wildlife populations are often at their highest in these areas, e.g. Laikipia, Mara and Nairobi park. Areas are relatively accessible on tarmac roads for year round viewing of wildlife. Agricultural resettlement has spilled over from higher potential lands where human populations are exceeding the carrying capacity.Increasing food requirements have led to a greater demand for efficient land use and to diversification into new areas, e.g. eco-tourism, ostrich farming or the intensification of traditional uses such as camel rearing.Lailipia District, situated mostly in marginal and semi-arid land is used as a case study. Here, successful conservation measures on mostly private land, which was formerly used by Maasai for subsistence pastoralism, has led to the largest population of wildlife in Kenya outside parks and reserves. At the same time land is used in part for crop production especially in the higher potential areas, but also wherever land is available for co-operative arable farmers to purchase. Livestock production remains however, the most widespread form of land use. The main seasonal variation in use is with crop production in the rains and game viewing in the dry seasons but extremes are less than in the lower rainfall areas.Recent preliminary analysis of the economics of various forms of land use in Laikipia indicate that in those limited areas where agriculture is reliable (e.g. irrigated areas near rivers) returns may be as high as US$ 132 to 166 per ha per annum. Wildlife tourism which prevails in less well watered areas may yield US$ 4 to 5 per ha, while conventional livestock rearing yields from US$ 0.2 to 1.4 per ha per annum. Game cropping is the least well developed and the least productive but is accepted as a necessity by the Kenya Wildlife Service, particularly with regard to zebra which compete with livestock for resources. It yields only US$ 0.2 to 0.4 per ha per annum.Wildlife and livestock occur together, except where there has been considerable outlay on electric fencing. Predators, especially lions and hyenas, are incompatible with livestock and together with certain wildlife which may act as disease vectors (e.g. buffalo) reduce income by US$ 0.5 per ha per annum. By contrast, the addition of camels, which are eco-friendly milk and meat producers, with no reduction of conventional stock, may increase livestock yields by US$ 0-4 per ha per annum.Combined wildlife tourism, cropping and livestock, including camels, may yield US$ 4.7 to 6.4 per ha per annum, which although still less than 5% of agricultural yield, is the best that may be achieved at present on a sustainable basis. Crop production is highly dependent on rainfall which becomes less predictable the more arid the land. It may not be sustainable in the long term in its present form.Current returns on investment are low for all forms of land use. Constraints to increasing returns are outlined. Research agendas need to be tailored to provide answers which could help minimize them. In particular, we need to refine our knowledge concerning the economics of the different options, both conventional and non-conventional.
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Kirmi, Hifzil, and Muhammad Masyhuri. "KEBERHASILAN TEKNIK HYDROSEEDING UNTUK KONTROL EROSI PADA LAHAN MARGINAL SITE LATI PT BERAU COAL KABUPATEN BERAU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (2020): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.100.
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ABSTRAK Kegiatan penambangan batu bara PT Berau Coal site Lati menggunakan teknik open pit mining yang mana salah satu pengaruh negatif dari kegiatan operasional yakni potensi terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan meliputi pencemaran air karena terjadi erosi dan sedimentasi sungai dan juga terbentuknya areal revegetasi dengan tingkat kesuburan yang rendah. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif salah satunya dengan penanaman mengguankan teknologi hydroseeding. Metode yang digunakan adalah penilaian keberhasilan covering covercrop hydroseeding dengan ground cover assassment, pendugaan laju erosi dengan USLE dan analisa kesuburan tanah kandungan pH dan C/N rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukan areal revegetasi yang belum ditumbuhi covercrop mempunyai laju erosi sangat tinggi dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah, sedangkan pada areal yang sudah ditanamai covercrop dengan teknologi hydroseeding mempunyai tingkat laju erosi rendah dan kesuburan tanah yang senderung meningkat serta keberhasilan penutupan covercrop yang tinggi pada lahan marginal. Kata kunci : hydroseeding, lahan marginal, erosi, tanah ABSTRACT PT Berau Coal site Lati coal mining activities use open pit mining technique, which is one of the negative effects of operational activities, namely the potential for environmental pollution including water pollution due to erosion and sedimentation of the river and also the formation of revegetation areas with low fertility. To reduce the negative impacts, one of them is by planting using hydroseeding technology. The method used is an assessment of the success of covering cover crop hydroseeding with ground cover assassment, estimating the rate of erosion with USLE and analyzing soil fertility with pH and C / N ratio. The results showed revegetation areas that have not been covered with covercrop have very high erosion rates and low soil fertility, whereas in areas that have been planted with covercrop with hydroseeding technology have low erosion rates and soil fertility which is inclined to increase and the success of covercrop cover is high on land marginal. Keywords: hydroseeding, marginal land, erosion, soil
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Oliveira Filho, Paulo Costa de, Charles Andrey da Silva, and Kelly Geronazzo Martins. "ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL DO USO E COBERTURA DO MANANCIAL ALAGADOS E DE SEU ENTORNO NA REGIÃO DE PONTA GROSSA-PR." Ciência e Natura 35, no. 1 (2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x9599.
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This study aimed the multitemporal analysis of land use and coverage of the water supply, Alagados and its surroundings (1 km range) in Ponta Grossa city over ten years (from 2001 to 2011). Especially attention was laid on the marginal areas (100 m range) of the permanentpreservation areas (PPA). As the major water suply source of Ponta Grossa city, deterioration of water quality of Alagados is threatened bythe misuse and disorderly occupation of its surroundings .We used satellite images of medium spatial resolution (30 meters) and the objectoriented image method preceded by the image segmentation as the classification techniques. The results showed that there was a significantreduction in the surface of the water surface in 13.43% (88.15 ha) in the period 2001 to 2011, which shows a high sedimentation processoccurred in certain areas of the reservoir. Changes were also detected in the PPA range domain (100 meters) surrounding the reservoir,confirming a degradation process due mainly to the increase buildings occupations and agricultural practices.
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Begmatov, Ilkhom, Bakhtiyar Matyakubov, Doniyor Akhmatov, and Mukhayo Pulatova. "Analysis of saline land and determination of the level of salinity of irrigated lands with use of the geographic information system technologies." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 3 (2020): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-309-316.
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In Uzbekistan, more than half of population lives in rural area, their well-being depends on quality of land and water resources availability. Quality of land is determined by ameliorative indicators: ground water depth level, ground water salt amount and salinity of soil. These factors do not appear naturally but rather due to the human activity. Inefficient irrigation and excessive consumption of irrigation water on irrigated land in Boyavut District of Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan within several decades have led to a salinization of soil. The primary objective of this article is determination of the level of salinity of soil for modelling spatial distribution of soil salinity throughout an irrigated land by using GIS technology. This technology is focused on automation of development and creation of ameliorative maps, while totally eliminating manual operations. Nowadays, ameliorative expedition specialists still create cadastral map using tracing paper over the marginal areas within irrigated lands based on their ameliorative conditions and by selecting from the three thematic maps and then selecting the poorest conditions of ameliorative indicators. The suggested technology is designed for professionals of cadastral subdivisions of regional ameliorative expeditions, who use the GIS-based software, such as ArcView 3.2. or ArcGIS 10x; their duties include creating of thematic maps based on salinity levels of irrigated lands. Exact coordinates of collection sites of soils samples (collected in 2018-2019) were determined using GPS. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was applied to use that data to create ameliorative maps categorized by the salinity levels (non-saline, slightly saline, saline area and highly saline areas). Those maps were then analysed to develop procedures on how to improve ameliorative conditions of irrigated areas.
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Thomas, EC, EA Gardner, M. Littleboy, and P. Shields. "The cropping systems-model PERFECT as a quantitative tool in land evaluation - an example for wheat cropping in the Maranoa area of Queensland." Soil Research 33, no. 3 (1995): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950535.
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The mechanistic cropping systems model PERFECT was validated for six different soils and used as a tool to evalute land suitability of wheat cropping in the Maranoa, a marginal cropping area of Queensland. Using 100 years of historic climate data from the area, and crop, soil and management parameters, simulations provided an objective insight into the key interactions of the cropping system. Current methods of land suitability evaluation are qualitative and rely on the experience of the land resource surveyor and local precedent. Consequently, where local precedent is lacking, as in marginal areas, current methods are considered less reliable and quantiative data from simulation studies will be useful. Using this process, the significance of key components of the systems (climate, plant available water capacity, soil nitrate and soil loss hazard) were quantified. These quantitative data were used to establish critical values for diagnostic attributes for land suitability evaluation in the Maranoa. The role for this approach as a tool in quantitative land evaluation is discussed.
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Wójcik-Leń, Justyna, and Katarzyna Sobolewska-Mikulska. "Specific features of development of selected agricultural problematic areas in the land consolidation process." Journal of Water and Land Development 34, no. 1 (2017): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0060.
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AbstractDevelopment of the Polish agriculture and its production abilities are spatially diversified. At present, in Poland agricultural areas may be distinguished which may successfully compete with the agriculture in the European Union countries. However, areas where private farms run their businesses on the verge of profitability or below also exist in Poland. Those areas are called agricultural problematic areas (OPR), depression areas, areas not useful for agricultural purposes, marginal lands etc. It is estimated that OPR covers over 60-70% of our country. Land consolidation is the process which improves the spatial structure of rural areas, including problematic areas. When this geodetic process is performed it is possible to interpret specific features of selected agricultural problematic areas and to propose alternative and the most effective ways of development of the discussed areas. As a result of those agricultural-and-development operations rural areas are becoming competitive and improve the living conditions. However, they are performed on a very small scale, in recent years this area is about 5900 hectares per year.
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Mantovani, Dario, Maik Veste, and Dirk Freese. "Effects of Drought Frequency on Growth Performance and Transpiration of Young Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.)." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/821891.
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Black locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.) is a drought-tolerant fast growing tree, which could be an alternative to the more common tree species used in short-rotation coppice on marginal land. The plasticity of black locust in the form of ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought is an important precondition for its successful growth in such areas. However, adaptation to drought stress is detrimental to primary production. Furthermore, the soil water availability condition of the initial stage of development may have an impact on the tree resilience. We aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress applied during the resprouting on the drought tolerance of the plant, by examining the black locust growth patterns. We exposed young trees in lysimeters to different cycles of drought. The drought memory affected the plant growth performance and its drought tolerance: the plants resprouting under drought conditions were more drought tolerant than the well-watered ones. Black locust tolerates drastic soil water availability variations without altering its water use efficiency (2.57 g L−1), evaluated under drought stress. Due to its constant water use efficiency and the high phenotypic plasticity, black locust could become an important species to be cultivated on marginal land.
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Singh, Shyam Bahadur. "Women as Milieu Managers in Integrated Watershed Management: Perspectives from the Hilly Areas of Uttarakhand." Space and Culture, India 2, no. 4 (2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v2i4.130.
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Integrated watershed management provides a viable mechanism for managing land, water and biomass of a region, especially in the rain-fed areas of India. It foresees a sustainable conservation of available natural resources and embarks upon collective action irrespective of gender bias. In the marginal hilly areas of the country, the burden of livelihood directly falls upon the womenfolk. This is because due to lack of off-farm activities the hills of India see a lot of male outmigration in search of better employment activities. The degradation in the ecosystem/natural resources thus has a direct bearing upon the women of the region, as they are the ultimate stakeholders of the natural endowments. Integrated watershed management provides a ray of hope amidst the swarm of faulty and borrowed developmental plans, especially for the womenfolk of the marginal hilly areas of the country. The present paper assesses the role the women play in managing their immediate surroundings and argues that the level of participation of women remains paramount in integrated watershed management in the hilly areas of Uttarakhand.
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Elnashar, Abdelrazek, Mohamed Abbas, Hassan Sobhy, and Mohamed Shahba. "Crop Water Requirements and Suitability Assessment in Arid Environments: A New Approach." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020260.
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Efficient land and water management require the accurate selection of suitable crops that are compatible with soil and crop water requirements (CWR) in a given area. In this study, twenty soil profiles are collected to represent the soils of the study area. Physical and chemical properties of soil, in addition to irrigation water quality, provided data are utilized by the Agriculture Land Evaluation System for Arid and semi-arid regions (ALES-Arid) to determine crop suitability. University of Idaho Ref-ET software is used to calculate CWR from weather data while the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land Model (SEBAL) is utilized to estimate CWR from remote sensing data. The obtained results show that seasonal weather-based CWR of the most suitable field crops (S1 and S2 classes) ranges from 804 to 1625 mm for wheat and berssem, respectively, and ranges from 778 to 993 mm in the vegetable crops potato and watermelon, respectively, under surface irrigation. Mean daily satellite-based CWR are predicted based on SEBAL ranges between 4.79 and 3.62 mm in Toshka and Abu Simbel areas respectively. This study provides a new approach for coupling ALES-Arid, Ref-ET and SEBAL models to facilitate the selection of suitable crops and offers an excellent source for predicting CWR in arid environments. The findings of this research will help in managing the future marginal land reclamation projects in arid and semi-arid areas of the world.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land water marginal areas"
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Petersen, Hans-Georg. "Economic aspects of agricultural areas mangement and land/water ecotones conservation." Universität Potsdam, 1995. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1586/.
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Part of the intorduction:
The task of writing a reliable and convincing paper on this topic is a very uneasy one because it is threefold: one has to know at least a bit about the agricultural sector, biology (or more precisely ecology), and about the sometimes beneficial but often distorting consequences of human activities. And all that has to be judged from the perspective of an economist who is aware of the steadily increasing uncertainties which are closely connected with post-modem sciences. Especially with regard to global, but also regional environmental issues, neither the conventional applied sciences nor the traditional professional consultancy deliver promising results. Today
scientists have to tackle problems which are created by political necessities overwhelmingly caused by short-term human behavior, due in part to a serious lack of information on the longterm behavioral consequences. In these issues, typically, information stacks are high, scientific facts uncertain, individual as well as collective values disputed, and political decisions very urgent. "In general, the post-normal situation is one where the traditional opposition of 'hard'facts and 'soft' values is inverted. Here we find decisions that are 'hard' in every sense, for which the scientific inputs are irremediably 'soft'" (FUNTOWICZ/RAVETZ, 1991, p. 138).
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Diaz, Caravantes Rolando Enrique. "Water, Rural Livelihoods and Global Transformations: Geographies of Peri-Urban Areas in Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195658.
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The urban/peri-urban phenomenon is frequently studied as a territorial landscape for urban expansion, and a good deal of scholarship chronicles aspects of land annexation, housing construction, and infrastructure. But the question of how peri-urban water resources have been reallocated to serve urban needs has not received sufficient scholarly attention. Peri-urban water reallocation demands examination in arid regions where water is a critical resource. Mexico's northwest region represents one of the most critical examples; the most-drought prone region in Mexico, it is characterized by over-drafted groundwater sources and rapid urban growth. In this research, based on the case of Hermosillo, Sonora, I develop three distinct, yet related themes to examine the peri-urban phenomenon.First, this work draws on the notion of the "hydrosocial cycle" (Swyngedouw, 2004) to examine geographies of power at the urban-rural interface. Following Swyngedouw, we argue that urban water augmentation strategies reveal a distinct set of urban-rural relations of uneven social power where peri-urban water resources are "metabolized" in urban areas, reflecting the demands of powerful, politically connected urban individuals and populations over more disparate and marginalized rural producers. The Hermosillo case indicates that small-scale farming communities or ejidos are the most vulnerable water users because of their lack of political power in the governmental decision making process.Second, in this work, I examine how peri-urban rural livelihoods have been reshaped by cities' water reallocation causing ejidatarios in many cases to lose their livelihoods, but without creating new urban jobs as an alternative means of subsistence, resulting in a net negative outcome for ejido members.Finally, this research evaluates the land use/cover change dynamics and their effects in the peri-urban area of the city of Hermosillo. This study demonstrates that urban expansion causes at least two other types of land use/cover changes (LUCC) beyond the urban fringe that are not usually considered in LUCC studies. The research demonstrates that urban expansion in the peri-urban land is a broader and more complex phenomenon than previously understood and examines how water transfers act as a driver of land use/cover change.
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Stamp, Michelle. "Oomycota in Scottish water catchments : diversity and relationships between species, riparian land use and ecosystem function." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230062.
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Oomycetes are eukaryotic fungus-like microorganisms that are known to be pathogenic to plants and animals, causing both ecological and economic damage. Animal pathogenic oomycetes, such as Saprolegnia species are destructive pathogens to many aquatic organisms and are found in most parts of the world. Phytophthora species cause a number of plant diseases. Pythium are less understood as many of these species are saprotrophs which are not thought to be pathogenic. Oomycete research has focussed mainly towards the characterisation and control of pathogenic species with very little information on the ecology of Oomycetes. In this thesis, oomycete species were isolated from water samples collected from rivers in Scotland and Northern England. Baiting and water filtration were used to compare the reliability of both methods, and nested PCR was used to compare the number and types of species obtained in comparison to conventional culturing methodologies. The results suggest that water filtration provided a fast, reliable method for isolating abundant, hardier species such as Pythium undulatum, Saprolegnia diclina, Saprolegnia delica, and Saprolegnia ferax. Water chemistry, surrounding land use, seasonality and land elevation were found to be important factors in Oomycete diversity. Nested PCR of oomycetes directly from filters to obtain target DNA from organisms which are more difficult to culture or less numerous proved to be useful for some species, but will need more refinement of primer and methodologies to obtain species of interest. Sampling of the rivers resulted in the isolation of three new Pythium spp. isolated from the Rivers Spey and Dochart in Scotland. Phylogenetic analysis, infection studies, growth rates and microscopy were used to characterise these three species.
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Evans, Jason Peter, and jason evans@yale edu. "Modelling Climate - Surface Hydrology Interactions in Data Sparse Areas." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020313.032142.
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The interaction between climate and land-surface hydrology is extremely important in relation to long term water
resource planning. This is especially so in the presence of global warming and massive land use change, issues which
seem likely to have a disproportionate impact on developing countries. This thesis develops tools aimed at the study
and prediction of climate effects on land-surface hydrology (in particular streamflow), which require a minimum
amount of site specific data. This minimum data requirement allows studies to be performed in areas that are data
sparse, such as the developing world.
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A simple lumped dynamics-encapsulating conceptual rainfall-runoff model, which explicitly calculates the evaporative
feedback to the atmosphere, was developed. It uses the linear streamflow routing module of the rainfall-runoff model
IHACRES, with a new non-linear loss module based on the Catchment Moisture Deficit accounting scheme, and is referred
to as CMD-IHACRES. In this model, evaporation can be calculated using a number of techniques depending on the data
available, as a minimum, one to two years of precipitation, temperature and streamflow data are required. The model
was tested on catchments covering a large range of hydroclimatologies and shown to estimate streamflow well. When
tested against evaporation data the simplest technique was found to capture the medium to long term average well but
had difficulty reproducing the short-term variations.
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A comparison of the performance of three limited area climate models (MM5/BATS, MM5/SHEELS and RegCM2) was conducted
in order to quantify their ability to reproduce near surface variables. Components of the energy and water balance
over the land surface display considerable variation among the models, with no model performing consistently better
than the other two. However, several conclusions can be made. The MM5 longwave radiation scheme performed worse than
the scheme implemented in RegCM2. Estimates of runoff displayed the largest variations and differed from observations
by as much as 100%. The climate models exhibited greater variance than the observations for almost all the energy and
water related fluxes investigated.
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An investigation into improving these streamflow predictions by utilizing CMD-IHACRES was conducted. Using
CMD-IHACRES in an 'offline' mode greatly improved the streamflow estimates while the simplest evaporation technique
reproduced the evaporative time series to an accuracy comparable to that obtained from the limited area models alone.
The ability to conduct a climate change impact study using CMD-IHACRES and a stochastic weather generator is also
demonstrated. These results warrant further investigation into incorporating the rainfall-runoff model CMD-IHACRES
in a fully coupled 'online' approach.
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Winkworth, Cynthia Lee, and n/a. "Land use and Giardia in Otago." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081219.162139.
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Agriculture is key to New Zealand�s economy with land-use conversions in response to market forces occurring regularly. Recently, high-intensity dairy farming has replaced low-density livestock farming, often degrading surrounding waterways. Of particular concern is that dairy cattle can be a source of the parasite Giardia, which in humans is a common cause of gastrointestinal infection. Thus, this thesis evaluated whether dairy farm conversions posed significant consequences for public health.
First I examined the prevalence of Giardia in calves in a rapidly intensifying dairying region of New Zealand. A total of 1190 faecal samples were collected from calves one to seven weeks old during two spring calving seasons and screened by direct immunofluorescent microscopy. Giardia cysts were detected in 31% of samples.
To evaluate the potential risk that this environmental source of Giardia posed to the human population, molecular genotyping was used to compare forty Giardia strains isolated from calves with thirty isolates from humans collected in the same region and period. Sequencing the β-giardin gene, Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B were identified from both hosts, with genotype comparisons revealing substantial overlap of identical genotypes for both assemblages, implying zoonotic transmission.
Environmental agencies routinely promote the planting of streamside edges to decrease nonpoint pollution from dairy farms entering waterways. However, current methods for tracking pathogens across farmland and into waterways via surface runoff are limited and typically have been developed using artificially created landscapes. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how Giardia moves across the landscape in farm surface runoff. I developed a field-based tracking method specific for Giardia and used this technique to compare the ability of recently planted vegetation strips with bare soil strips cleared of vegetation at decreasing pathogen concentrations; a typical scenario when planting barriers to reduce waterway contamination. A spike containing a bromide tracer and inactivated Giardia cysts was applied in drip-irrigated surface runoff, with one-minute samples collected from the bottom of the plot. A significant treatment effect was identified for Giardia, with 26% fewer detected in runoff from the planted strip, highlighting the immediate benefit of vegetation planting in removing pathogens.
Next I evaluated the effects of four riparian treatments on Giardia runoff: exotic pasture grass and weeds growing in the absence of cattle grazing due to fencing, in comparison to monocultural plantings of three New Zealand native grassland species. Runoff experiments were performed after planting, both prior to and following the main summer growing season. Bromide recovery was high from all four treatments (54 - 99%), with no significant treatment effects. By comparison, Giardia recovery was low (1 - 13%). Prior to summer, two native species reduced Giardia in runoff more than the pasture grass/weed treatment which was almost vegetation-free at this time. After summer, Giardia recoveries were uniformly lower in all treatments. These results demonstrate that after one growing season, fencing waterways produces riparian buffers, via the growth of exotic pasture plants released from grazing, that decrease pathogen concentrations in surface runoff to concentrations indistinguishable from native plantings.
Given infectious organisms are known to be in the environment, it is important to assess the risk these pose to human populations. Findings from this research can be used to improve currently available risk-assessment models for Giardia transmission from infected dairy animals via water to humans.
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Xu, Peng School of Mathematics UNSW. "A computational model for the assessment and prediction of salinisation in irrigated areas." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23342.
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This thesis presents the results of a computational study on salt transport and accumulation in crop root zone. The main objective of this study is to examine the impacts of past land use on the environment and to examine the effect of irrigation water on the rising of groundwater level and the subsequent salinity problem in rice growing area under given climatic conditions. A special focus has been such impacts in the Wakool irrigation area, NSW, Australia. To this end, a computational model for the assessment and prediction of salinisation in agricultural areas has been developed. This modelling system consists of a land surface scheme (ALSIS) for simulating unsaturated soil moisture and moisture flux, a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) for estimating the spatial and temporal variations of groundwatertable, a surface flow model (DAFLOW) for calculating water flow in river networks, a module for calculating solute transport at unsaturated zone and a 3-D model (MOC3D) for simulating solute transport in groundwater as well as a module for calculating the spatial and temporal distributions of overland flow depth during wet seasons. The modelling system uses a finite difference linked technique to form a quasi three dimensional model. The land surface scheme is coupled with the groundwater flow model to account for the interactions between the saturated and unsaturated zones. On the land surface, the modelling system incorporates a surface runoff model and detailed treatments of surface energy balance, which is important in es-timating the evapotranspiration, a crucial quantity in calculating the moisture and moisture fluxes in the root zone. Vertical heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties in the soil profile has been considered. The modelling system has the flexibility of using either Clapp and Hornberger (1978), Broadbridge and White (1988), van Genuchten (1980) or Brooks and Corey (1966) soil water retention models. Deep in the soil, the impact of groundwater table fluctuation on soil moisture and salinity in the unsaturated soil is also included. The calibration and validation for the system have been partially performed with observed groundwater levels in the Wakool irrigation area. The applications of the model to theWakool region are made in two steps. Firstly, a one-dimensional simulation to a selected site in the Wakool irrigation area is carried out to study the possible impact of ponded irrigation on salinisation and the general features of salt movement. Secondly, a more realistic three-dimensional simulation for the entire Wakool region is performed to study the spatial and temporal variations of root zone soil salinity under the influence of past land use from 1975 to 1994. To allow the assessment and prediction of the effects of ponded rice irrigation water (which contains salt) on soil salinity in the area, several hypothetical scenarios using different qualities of water for rice irrigation are tested. To facilitate comparative analysis of different scenarios, a base case is defined, for which irrigation water is assumed to be free of salt. The simulated results show that irrigation increases overall recharge to groundwater in the Wakool irrigation area. The use of ponded irrigation for rice growing has a substantial effect on salt accumulation in the root zone and the rising of groundwater level, indicating that irrigation at rice bay is a major budget item for controlling soil salinity problem in the local area.
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Leinweber, Ronny [Verfasser]. "Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor over land areas using MERIS measurements and application to numerical weather prediction model validation / Ronny Leinweber." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024743845/34.
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Retnowati, Arry [Verfasser]. "Culture and risk based water and land management in karst areas : an understanding of local knowledge in Gunungkidul, Java, Indonesia / Arry Retnowati." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068825995/34.
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Yang, Yun. "Studying soil moisture and land-to-water carbon export in urbanized coastal areas using remotely sensed data and a regional hydro-ecological model." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608527.
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<p> The main objective of this research was to study the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a terrestrial urbanized watershed to an estuarine system using a process-based regional hydro-ecological model and remotely sensed data.</p><p> While DOC is an important component of the global carbon cycle, the link of the variations in terrestrial carbon storage is still poorly understood. Soil moisture is a key factor that influences the amount of available water for vegetation growth and the decomposition rate of organic matter in the soil and thus contributes to the amount of DOC in the soil at the land-water boundary. The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) was used to model the biogeochemical cycle in the Neponset Watershed, Boston MA from 2006 to 2011. Remotely sensed indices and field measurements of soil moisture, locally measured watershed DOC values, and streamflow gauge amounts were used to evaluate the modeled results. </p><p> The fully parameterized high resolution RHESSys model was used to simulate soil moisture in the highly urbanized and fragmented Neponset watershed and displayed good correlation with the measured soil moisture values. Another two measures of soil moisture conditions (the topographic moisture index (TMI) and the remotely sensed temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI)) were also estimated and compared with field measured data. Two nested study areas, the Neponset River Watershed and the Greater Boston Area, were utilized to correspond with two spatial resolutions. The DOC concentration data sampled in the Neponset River Watershed were analyzed and the sensitivity of the DOC simulation in RHESSys was evaluated. The simulated DOC was compared with estuarine results and a good correlation was found to exist between the measured and simulated DOC concentrations and fluxes. </p><p> This effort represents the first successful application of RHESSys model to an urbanized New England watershed and not only provided an accurate way to estimate both soil moisture and DOC flux but also provided a framework to test further hypotheses and future scenarios to benefit global carbon cycle research.</p>
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Krivėnaitė, Eglė. "Kaimo turizmo plėtros analizė Alytaus apskrityje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120530_122822-09566.
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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas susideda iš 63 puslapiai, 1 lentelės, 21 paveikslėlio ir 6 priedų. Literatūros sąrašą sudaro 60 šaltinių. Darbas parašytas lietuvių kalba.
Tyrimo objektas: esama ir galima Alytaus apskrities kaimo turizmo veikla.
Tyrimo tikslas: ištirti kaimo turizmo veiklą Alytaus apskrityje, išanalizuoti jos perspektyvas.
Išsikelti uždaviniai:
1. Išanalizuoti Alytaus apskrities kultūrinius ir gamtinius išteklius bei kitus aplinkos veiksnius, turinčius įtakos kraštovaizdžiui, rekreacijai bei kaimo turizmo plėtojimui.
2. Išnagrinėti ir įvertinti esamą kaimo turizmo būklę Alytaus apskrities atskirose savivaldybėse, nustatyti jai įtaką darančius veiksnius.
3. Įvertinti Alytaus apskrities teikiamus privalumus plėtojant ir plečiant kaimo turizmą Alytaus apskrities savivaldybėse;
4. Nustatyti kaimo turizmo plėtros perspektyvas Alytaus apskrities savivaldybėse.
Tyrimo metodai: literatūros šaltinių analizei buvo naudojamas analitinis metodas, surinktų duomenų vertinimui buvo naudotas statistinio grupavimo ir palyginimo metodai, o surinktų duomenų įtakai kaimo turizmo veiklai įvertinti buvo panaudoti koreliacinės bei regresinės analizės metodai.
Tyrimo rezultatai:
Pirmojoje dalyje buvo išanalizuota literatūra susijusi su baigiamojo darbo tema. Šioje dalyje išanalizuota kaimo turizmo sistema Lietuvoje, kaimo turizmo asociacijos reikšmė kaimo turizmo veiklai, taip pat išanalizuotos kaimo turizmo veiklos skatinimo priemonės, kaimo turizmo veiklą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The final thesis of Master studies consists of 63 pages, 1 table, 21 figures and 6 appendices. The list of literature includes 60 references. The paper is written in the Lithuanian language.
Subject of research: present and possible rural tourism activities in the Alytus County.
Aim of research: to explore the rural tourism activities in the Alytus County and analyze its prospects.
The following objectives were set:
1. To analyze cultural and natural resources of the Alytus County as well as other environ-mental factors influencing landscape, recreation, and rural tourism development.
2. To survey and assess the current status of rural tourism in particular municipalities of the Alytus County and to determine the factors which influence it.
3. To assess the advantages provided by the Alytus County while expanding and developing rural tourism in the municipalities of the Alytus County;
4. To determine prospects for rural tourism development in the municipalities of the Alytus County.
Methods of research: the analytical method was used for the analysis of reference sources; statistical grouping and comparison methods were used to evaluate the collected data; correlation and regression analysis methods were used for assessing the influence of the collected data on rural tourism activities.
Results of research:
In the first part of this study, the reference sources related to the subject of the present final paper are analysed. The rural tourism system in Lithuania... [to full text]
Books on the topic "Land water marginal areas"
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McCarthy, Judith A., and Carolyn Duckworth. A landowners' guide to Montana wetlands. Montana Watercourse, Montana State University, Bozeman, 2001.
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Garg, Atul K. Land and water management in irrigated areas. Himanshu Publication, 2001.
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Irving, Tani Forbes. Managing water points and grazing areas in Namibia. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 1996.
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Mutahi, Patrick. Political violence in marginal areas: A case study of Samburu and Lamu Districts. Central Depository Unit, 2003.
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Campbell, Mark B. Ownership and recreational use of wetlands in the Grassland Water District and refuges of the central San Joaquin Valley. San Joaquin Valley Drainage Program, 1988.
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Gonthier, Gerard J. Quality of shallow ground water in recently developed residential and commercial areas, Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, 1997. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.
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Gonthier, Gerard J. Quality of shallow ground water in recently developed residential and commercial areas, Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, 1997. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.
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Gonthier, Gerard J. Quality of shallow ground water in recently developed residential and commercial areas, Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, 1997. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.
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Fong, Alison L. Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Ground-water quality in three different land-use areas, 1996-98. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.
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Fong, Alison L. Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Ground-water quality in three different land-use areas, 1996-98. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Land water marginal areas"
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Yair, Aaron. "Water-Harvesting Efficiency in Arid and Semiarid Areas." In Sustainable Land Use in Deserts. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59560-8_30.
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Burns, Alison. "The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West England." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_16.
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AbstractIn the early Holocene period, extensive tracts of coastal land were submerged as the climate warmed and meltwaters flooded into the oceans. As the Irish Sea expanded, coastlines altered and large intertidal zones were created as tracts of low-lying land at the tidal margins were gradually submerged. In these areas, reed swamp and saltmarsh formed which, too, were inundated for varying periods of time. However, in the calmer warmer weather of the late spring and summer, birds and mammals were drawn on to the mudflats where they could feed on molluscs, or new reed and sedge shoots, wallow in the cooling mud, drink the brackish water or, for some predators, hunt. The behavioural tendencies of some species are revealed by their footprints which show their engagement within this environment – some breeds moved on to the marshes while others moved away. The humans who shared this landscape understood the opportunities offered by these predictable behaviours. Their trails run along and across those left by many species, leaving a visible network of human and animal activity preserved in the hardened mud. These will be described through an examination of the footprints recorded in three contexts which formed the stratigraphy of a Mesolithic bed at Formby Point in North West England. The persistent return to the mudflats by generations of people reflects an embodied knowledge of this coastal landscape, learnt in childhood and practiced in adulthood. The ability to modify movements in the landscape, to respond to the daily tides, the changing seasons and a fluctuating environment, all suggest a spatial-temporal relationship which not only encompassed a dynamic environment but also the other life that dwelt within it.
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Fritsch, Sebastian, Christopher Conrad, Teresa Dürbeck, and Gunther Schorcht. "3.6 Mapping marginal land in Khorezm using GIS and remote sensing techniques." In Restructuring land allocation, water use and agricultural value chains. V&R Unipress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737002974.167.
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Irazábal, A., J. Abí-Saab, J. Murria, and J. Groot. "Drainage Problems in Areas Subject to Subsidence due to Oil Production." In Hydraulic Design in Water Resources Engineering: Land Drainage. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22014-6_52.
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Singh, Raj Kumar, Chandrashekhar Biradar, Ashutosh Sarker, Atul Dogra, and Javed Rizvi. "Mapping Areas for Growing Pulses in Rice Fallows Using Multi-Criteria Spatial Decisions." In Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling Land and Water Resources. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003181293-3.
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Schick, A. P. "Water in Arid Areas - Basic Facts and Examples of Environmental Implications, Supply and Conservation." In Land and its Uses — Actual and Potential. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2169-9_17.
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Joyce, Alyssa, Simon Goddek, Benz Kotzen, and Sven Wuertz. "Aquaponics: Closing the Cycle on Limited Water, Land and Nutrient Resources." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_2.
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AbstractHydroponics initially developed in arid regions in response to freshwater shortages, while in areas with poor soil, it was viewed as an opportunity to increase productivity with fewer fertilizer inputs. In the 1950s, recirculating aquaculture also emerged in response to similar water limitations in arid regions in order to make better use of available water resources and better contain wastes. However, disposal of sludge from such systems remained problematic, thus leading to the advent of aquaponics, wherein the recycling of nutrients produced by fish as fertilizer for plants proved to be an innovative solution to waste discharge that also had economic advantages by producing a second marketable product. Aquaponics was also shown to be an adaptable and cost-effective technology given that farms could be situated in areas that are otherwise unsuitable for agriculture, for instance, on rooftops and on unused, derelict factory sites. A wide range of cost savings could be achieved through strategic placement of aquaponics sites to reduce land acquisition costs, and by also allowing farming closer to suburban and urban areas, thus reducing transportation costs to markets and hence also the fossil fuel and CO2 footprints of production.
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Spreer, Wolfram, Katrin Schulze, Somchai Ongprasert, Winai Wiriya-Alongkorn, and Joachim Müller. "Mango and Longan Production in Northern Thailand: The Role of Water Saving Irrigation and Water Stress Monitoring." In Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia: Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33377-4_6.
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Kłosowski, Sanisław. "The shore vegetation in selected lakeland areas in northeastern Poland." In Nutrient Dynamics and Retention in Land/Water Ecotones of Lowland, Temperate Lakes and Rivers. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1602-2_25.
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Richmond, Amy K. "Water, Land, and Governance: Environmental Security in Dense Urban Areas in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The Environment-Conflict Nexus. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90975-2_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Land water marginal areas"
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Gabriele, Marzia, Raffaella Brumana, Mattia Previtali, and Alberta Cazzani. "MONITORING LANDSCAPE DEGRADATION IN MEDITERRANEAN AREAS INTEGRATING MEDALUS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR FRAGILE ARCHEOLANDSCAPE PLANNING: THE BASILICATA CASE STUDY." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12147.
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The main objective of the research was identifying the phenomena that generate land degradation (LD), in the Basilicata region’s landscape (southern Italy),with a MEDALUS (Kosmas et al., 1999) and RS approach, through the help of 6 main indicators (Soil Quality Index, Climate Quality Index, Vegetation Quality Index, Management Quality Index, Landslide Risk Index, Water Availability Index) and through NDVI differencing thresholds evaluation in time intervals, covering a 20 years’ time span going from 2000 to 2020. The Basilicata region saw this phenomenon increased in the past centuries, both because there has never been any monitoring of LD at regional planning-level, and for the fact that historically the region suffered severe agricultural stress, with enormous deforestations that have led to soil degradation and consequently to the depopulation of the internal marginal areas. These elements caused a strong impact on the potential regional progress, both economic and social, leading to a huge ecological damage. The methodology helped to outline the future LD predictions for the region, and consequentially its management possibilities and implications in relation to this critical issue, in order to maintain or restore the pre-existing values, thus integrating the study of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in a scientific validated Decision Support System (DSS), for new coherent and integrated landscape strategies in marginal territories. This objective derives from recognizing the landscape as defined in the European Convention (Council of Europe, 2000) as an important element for community interest, on the cultural, ecological, environmental and social point of view, and as a resource for economic development, pursued by enhancing the preservation of its fundamental component of cultural and natural heritage.
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Dey, Dipayan, Dipayan Dey, Ashoka Maity, and Ashoka Maity. "INTEGRATED ALGA-CULTURE IN INUNDATED COASTAL FARMLANDS OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS AS A SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION FOR MARGINAL COMMUNITIES TOWARDS CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315abc24f.
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Algae has a great potential for quick capture of biological carbon and its storage in saltwater-inundated coastal wetlands and can also be introduced as a climate adaptive alternate farming practice. An intervention with native algal flora Enteromorpha sp. in enclosed coastal Sundarbans in India on two open water culture techniques, viz. U-Lock & Fish-Bone, shows that growth in native algal stock is influenced by seasonal variations of salinity and other limnological factors. Sundarbans, facing the odds of climate change is fast loosing arable lands to sea level rise. Algaculture in inundated coastal areas can be an adaptive mitigation for the same. Perusal of results show that daily growth rate (DGR%) increases with increasing salinity of the intruding tidal waters to an extent and biomass increment under salt stress results in accumulation of metabolites those are having nutrient values and can yield bio-diesel as well. Algal growth recorded mostly in post monsoon period, has impacts on pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the ambient water to facilitate integrated pisciculture. The paper suggests that alga-culture has unrealized potentials in carbon sequestration and can be significantly used for extraction of Biodiesel.
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Dey, Dipayan, Dipayan Dey, Ashoka Maity, and Ashoka Maity. "INTEGRATED ALGA-CULTURE IN INUNDATED COASTAL FARMLANDS OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS AS A SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION FOR MARGINAL COMMUNITIES TOWARDS CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94727c6e25.03483562.
Full textAbstract:
Algae has a great potential for quick capture of biological carbon and its storage in saltwater-inundated coastal wetlands and can also be introduced as a climate adaptive alternate farming practice. An intervention with native algal flora Enteromorpha sp. in enclosed coastal Sundarbans in India on two open water culture techniques, viz. U-Lock & Fish-Bone, shows that growth in native algal stock is influenced by seasonal variations of salinity and other limnological factors. Sundarbans, facing the odds of climate change is fast loosing arable lands to sea level rise. Algaculture in inundated coastal areas can be an adaptive mitigation for the same. Perusal of results show that daily growth rate (DGR%) increases with increasing salinity of the intruding tidal waters to an extent and biomass increment under salt stress results in accumulation of metabolites those are having nutrient values and can yield bio-diesel as well. Algal growth recorded mostly in post monsoon period, has impacts on pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the ambient water to facilitate integrated pisciculture. The paper suggests that alga-culture has unrealized potentials in carbon sequestration and can be significantly used for extraction of Biodiesel.
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"Water quality effects of cellulosic biofuel crops grown on marginal land." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141909855.
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Corrêa, Aderbal C., Janggam Adhityawarma, Lee Peyton, and Kathleen Trauth. "Updated Land Cover Information for Water and Environmental Management in Urban Areas." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)108.
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Lisetskii, Fedor, Evgenia Zelenskaya, and Arseny Poletaev. "RELECTIVE SIGNS OF DEGRADATION IN POSTAGROGENIC SOILS OF ANTI-AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF EAST CRIMEA." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1715.978-5-317-06490-7/230-234.
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The results of a study of the physicochemical parameters of fallow soils in the ancient Bosporos chora (Kerch Peninsula) are presented in the article. The most long-lasting indicators of agropedogenesis are associated with the water resistance of aggregates and the composition of organic matter, as was found.
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LUCENA CANÇADO, VANESSA, NÍVIA CARLA RODRIGUES, TALITA SILVA, JULIAN CARDOSO ELEUTÉRIO, and NILO DE OLIVEIRA NASCIMENTO. "DEFINITION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR RECOVERY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN WATER SUPPLY CATCHMENT AREAS ACCORDING TO LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1839.
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Mironyuk, S. G., and S. A. Kovachev. "On the Assessment of The Seismic Hazard of The Water Areas of The Internal and Marginal Seas of Russia." In Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2021. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202152199.
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Deb, Debasis, and Bipul Talukdar. "Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Tools in Delineating Environmentally-Delicate Areas for Optimum Land Use Planning: A Case Study." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)404.
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Siddiqui, Simil Amir. "Assessment of Urban Heat Islands Based on the Relationship Between Land Surface Temperature and Land Use/Land Cover in Greater Doha." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0108.
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Urban heat islands (UHI) are areas with elevated temperatures occurring in cities compared to surrounding rural areas. This study realizes the lack of research regarding the trends of UHIs in desert countries and focuses on Doha. The research includes twelve months of two-time periods; 2000-2019. ArcGIS software was used to compute the land surface temperature (LST) of the city using Landsat images. Land use/land cover (LULC) maps were computed to show how the city has evolved in 19 years. 30 field samples were used to verify the accuracy of the LULC. Results showed UHI in Doha did not display similar pattern to that of cities in subtropical and temperate regions. Higher temperatures were prevalent in out-skirts comprising of barren and built-up areas with high population and no vegetation. Comparatively, the main downtown with artificially planted vegetation and shade from skyscrapers created cooler microclimates. The overall LST of greater Doha has increased by 0.7°C from 2000 to 2019. Furthermore %LULC of built up, vegetation, barren land, marsh land and water body were 29%, 4.5%, 58.6%, 2.8% and 5% in 2000 and 56.5 %, 8.2%, 33.2 %, 0% and 2.1% in 2019 respectively. Overall, there was an increase in built-up and vegetation decrease in water and barren areas and complete loss of marshland. Highest temperatures were recorded for marshland area in year 2000 and barren and built in year 2019. Transect profiles showed positive correlation between NDBI and LST and a negative correlation between NDVI and LST.
Reports on the topic "Land water marginal areas"
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.
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For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.
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Bacani, Eleanor, and Shinjini Mehta. Analyzing the Welfare-Improving Potential of Land Pooling in Thimphu City, Bhutan: Lessons Learned from ADB’s Experience. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200315-2.
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This paper examines empirically and spatially how welfare gains are realized in a land pooling scheme in four ADB-financed Local Area Plans (LAPs) in Thimphu city, Bhutan. Increased government efforts are required to take advantage of the full range of benefits of land pooling for Thimpu residents. The paper recommends a mix of fiscal and urban policy levers to address inefficiencies associated with the existing build-out pattern and infrastructure service quality. It offers insights on how unplanned development occurring outside serviced LAP areas, including along steep slopes and peri-urban areas in Thimphu thromdes, can be addressed most effectively. This paper is the second in a series of three working papers on the topic of land pooling produced by the Asian Development Bank’s South Asia Urban Development and Water Division. The series takes a deeper look at aspects including land pooling’s effectiveness, welfare-improving potential, relationship with safeguard policies, and its prospects as a land management tool in developing country cities.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, Nia Hurst, and Kristina Sebastian. An evaluation of soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) at proposed wetland restoration locations in the western Lake Erie Basin. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42108.
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Historical loss of wetlands coupled with excess phosphorus (P) loading at watershed scales have degraded water quality in portions of the western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB). In response, efforts are underway to restore wetlands and decrease P loading to surface waters. Because wetlands have a finite capacity to retain P, researchers have developed techniques to determine whether wetlands function as P sources or sinks. The following technical report evaluates the soil P storage capacity (SPSC) at locations under consideration for wetland restoration in collaboration with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and the H2Ohio initiative. Results indicate that the examined soils display a range of P retention capacities, reflecting historic land-use patterns and management regimes. However, the majority of study locations exhibited some capacity to sequester additional P. The analysis supports development of rankings and comparative analyses of areas within a specific land parcel, informing management through design, avoidance, removal, or remediation of potential legacy P sources. Additionally, the approaches described herein support relative comparisons between multiple potential wetland development properties. These results, in conjunction with other data sources, can be used to target, prioritize, justify, and improve decision-making for wetland management activities in the WLEB.
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Wallace, Janae, Trevor H. Schlossnagle, Hugh Hurlow, Nathan Payne, and Christian Hardwick. Hydrogeologic Study of the Bryce Canyon City Area, Including Johns and Emery Valleys, Garfield County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-733.
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Groundwater resources development and the threat of future drought in Garfield County, southwestern Utah, prompted a study of groundwater quality and quantity in the environs of Bryce Canyon National Park and Bryce Canyon City in Johns and Emery Valleys. Water quality, water quantity, and the potential for water-quality degradation are critical elements determining the extent and nature of future development in the valley. The community of Bryce Canyon City is an area of active tourism and, therefore, of potential increase in growth (likely from tourism-related development). Groundwater exists in Quaternary valley-fill and bedrock aquifers (the Tertiary Claron Formation and Cretaceous sandstone). Increased demand on drinking water warrants careful land-use planning and resource management to preserve surface and groundwater resources of Johns and Emery Valleys and surrounding areas that may be hydrologically connected to these valleys including Bryce Canyon National Park.
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, et al. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
Full textAbstract:
Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin - Ground-water quality in three different land-use areas, 1996-98. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri20004131.
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Effects of land use and geohydrology on the quality of shallow ground water in two agricultural areas in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin. US Geological Survey, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri964292.
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