Journal articles: 'Landfill cover layer'

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Chabuk, Ali, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Karwan Alkaradaghi, Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh, Jan Laue, Hussain Hussain, Roland Pusch, and Sven Knutsson. "Landfill Final Cover Systems Design for Arid Areas Using the HELP Model: A Case Study in the Babylon Governorate, Iraq." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 4568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124568.

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The main purpose of selecting proper designs for landfills is to accommodate quantities of waste without having a negative effect on the surrounding environment and human health. The Babylon Governorate (province) in Iraq was taken as an example of an arid area with very shallow groundwater and where irregular waste disposal sites had developed that had not been subject to international standards when they were selected for landfill use. In the current study, the suggested design for landfills is a base liner and final cover system. In this suggested design, the final cover system allows for three scenarios. The first scenario considers an evapotranspiration soil cover (ET) (capillary barriers type), the second scenario is a modified cover design of “RCRA Subtitle D”, and the third scenario is a combination of the first and second scenarios. The HELP 3.95 D model was applied to the selected landfill sites in the governorate to check if there was any penetration of the leachate that might in future percolate from the landfill’s bottom barrier layer in arid areas. The results from the suggested landfill design showed that there was no leachate percolation from the bottom barrier layer using the second and third scenarios. For the first scenario, however, there was a small amount of leachate through the bottom barrier layer in the years 2013 and 2014.

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Ng, Charles W. W., R. Chen, J. L. Coo, J. Liu, J. J. Ni, Y. M. Chen, L. t. Zhan, H. W. Guo, and B. W. Lu. "A novel vegetated three-layer landfill cover system using recycled construction wastes without geomembrane." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 12 (December 2019): 1863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0728.

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To promote environmental protection and sustainability, the use of plants and recycled wastes in geotechnical construction such as landfill covers is recommended. A landfill cover field test was conducted at the Shenzhen Xiaping landfill site, located in a humid climatic region of China. The main objective was to validate the field performance of a novel vegetated three-layer landfill cover system using recycled construction waste without the need of geomembrane. Unsieved completely decomposed granite and coarsely crushed concrete was used for the top and intermediate layers while sieved completely decomposed granite was used as the lowest layer. One section was transplanted with Bermuda grass while the other section was left bare. To assess the landfill cover performance, pore-water pressure, volumetric water content, percolation, and atmospheric parameters were measured for a period of 13 months under natural climatic conditions. The cumulative rainfall depth was about 2950 mm over the entire monitoring period. During rainfall, the presence of grass led to lower pore-water pressure (or higher suction) and volumetric water content in the three-layer landfill cover system. At the end of monitoring, the cumulative percolation was about 27 and 20 mm for the bare and grass-covered landfill covers, respectively. It is evident that the vegetated three-layer landfill cover system using recycled concrete without geomembrane can be effective in minimizing percolation in humid climates.

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Pehme, Kaur-Mikk, Kaja Orupõld, Valdo Kuusemets, Ottar Tamm, Yahya Jani, Toomas Tamm, and Mait Kriipsalu. "Field Study on the Efficiency of a Methane Degradation Layer Composed of Fine Fraction Soil from Landfill Mining." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 6209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156209.

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The main components of landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide. Emissions of methane, a strong greenhouse gas, can be minimized by in situ oxidation in the bioactive cover layer. Typically, organic-rich porous materials such as compost are used for this process. In this study, the material for a biocover was obtained from the same landfill by landfill mining. The objective was to study the spatial distribution of gases and the efficiency of methane degradation in the biocover. The methane and carbon dioxide emissions were measured at 29 measuring points six times on the surface and once at a depth of 0.5 m. The highest values of both gases from the surface were recorded in July 2015: 1.0% for CO2 and 2.1% for CH4. Deeper in the cover layer, higher values of methane concentration were recorded. The results showed that (a) methane from the waste deposit was entering the biocover, (b) the migration of methane to the atmosphere was low, (c) fluctuations in the composition of gases are seasonal, and (d) the trend in the concentration of CH4 over time was an overall decrease. The described cover design reduces the CH4 emissions in landfills using elements of circular economy—instead of wasting natural soils and synthetic liners for the construction of the final cover layer, functional waste-derived materials can be used.

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Ofrikhter, Vadim G., Galina M. Batrakova, and Natalia N. Sliusar. "Modeling the stress-strain state of of a municipal solid waste landfill." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2020): 776–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.6.776-788.

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Introduction. The process of municipal solid waste (further MSW) generation is inextricably linked with the life of humanity. Every day each person generates some, a small amount of garbage. As a result millions of tons of MSW are generated daily in the world which are unsuitable for further use and require disposal. There are various ways of handling MSW including their treatment, recycling and disposal. In Russian Federation the vast majority of MSW are currently located on the specially equipped facilities –– waste landfills. To date the most common waste management strategy remains their placement in a landfill. Waste landfills are arrays of stored waste and are special engineering structures designed for the safe isolation of their contents from the environment. Landfill includes gas exhaust and leachate drainage systems, liner and cover systems. The main component of this structure is waste itself. Mechanical stability of landfills should be provided at all stages of waste storage as well as after it complete filling to designed capacity and at post-closure stage. As the result of deformation of unstable waste, all landfill systems can be destroyed up to the collapse of garbage array leading to the significant environmental and other consequences. One of the most common problems leading to the various incidents at landfills is an incorrect assessment of their stability. MSW landfill is a complex multiphase system in which various interacting processes occur simultaneously. The main factor in the calculation and design of landfills is the forecast of their settlements. Studies by many authors have established that biological decomposition has a significant impact on the properties of MSW after which the waste is considered as the landfill soil with a particle size of up to 20 mm. Materials and methods. The paper presents the methodology and the results of numerical modeling of stress-strain state of the designed object “Waste Landfill”. The facility is an array of municipal solid waste of 38 meters high. Waste is stacked in the layers of 1.75 m thick. Each waste layer is covered by the loam cover of 0.25 m thick. Stress-strain state of municipal solid waste including biological creep was modelled using well-known “Soft-Soil-Creep model” (SSC-model). Results. The results of numerical simulation of stress-strain state of the waste pile at all stages of the filling and in the post-closure period are presented. An assessment of the increase in the capacity of the landfill due to the compaction and biological creep has been performed. Stability analysis of the landfill and potential failure mechanisms at different stages of filling and operation are presented. Conclusions. Numerical modeling of stress-strain state of the MSW array using the “Soft-Soil-Creep model” allows to analyze the stability of the waste pile at any stage of landfill filling and evaluate the increase in landfill capacity due to the waste settlement taking into account the mechanical creep and biocompression during layer-by-layer filling.

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Vangpaisal, Thaveesak. "Simulation of Final Cover Systems in Mitigating Landfill Gas Migration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.886.

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Landfill cover systems have to serve as a hydraulic barrier as well as a gas barrier. The ability of multilayered cover systems to mitigate landfill gas migration was assessed. A finite element model, SEEP/W®, was used to simulate the landfill cover system. It was found that gas advective flux through the single GCL barrier was highly dependent on the differential gas pressure across the cover system and the conditions of soils above the barrier layer. The change from wet to dry condition resulted in the increase of gas flux up to 3000 times. Gas flux variations were much lower for the case of a single CCL. The use of a geomembrane on top of a CCL or a GCL significantly increased the effectiveness of the barrier layer in mitigating gas migration, particularly in a dry climatic condition. Furthermore, the change of the cover conditions had less effect on gas flux through a composite cover system than gas flux through a single barrier cover system. For the effective control of landfill gas migration, the cover system must be maintained at the high moisture content conditions.

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Bennett, Peter J., Frederick J. Longstaffe, and R. Kerry Rowe. "The stability of dolomite in landfill leachate-collection systems." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-110.

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This study uses several approaches to examine whether calcium-containing aggregate such as dolostone is a suitable drainage material for landfill leachate-collection systems. The thermodynamic stability of carbonate drainage materials has been assessed using published leachate data from landfills in the United Kingdom and leachate sampled from four large landfill sites of variable age in southern Ontario. Electron-microbeam techniques have been used to check for dissolution in dolomitic stone exhumed from the drainage layer of the Keele Valley Landfill leachate-collection system and from experiments that simulated landfill conditions. The mineralogy of cover soils applied daily to the landfill has been compared to the drainage stone and detrital material occluding pore space in the leachate-collection system to evaluate their relative contributions to clogging. The data suggest that dissolution of dolomitic drainage stone is not significant and contributes little to the clogging of landfill leachate-collection systems. However, crystallization of secondary calcite occurs about the dolomitic stones and sizeable quantities of inorganic fines, including dolomite, were present within some samples of "clog material" exhumed from the Keele Valley collection system. Most of the dolomitic fines probably were generated during construction of the collection system; such creation of fines ought to be minimized in future landfill developments.Key words: leachate-collection system, landfills, clogging, mineralogy, leachate chemistry.

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Karanac, Milica, Mica Jovanovic, Eugène Timmermans, Huib Mulleneers, Marina Mihajlovic, and Jovan Jovanovic. "Impermeable layers in landfill design." Chemical Industry 67, no. 6 (2013): 961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind121227012k.

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Landfills are complex systems which could potentially contaminate the environment. It should be prevented by providing impermeability during the landfill design. In that aim related regulations should be followed and adequate materials that provide impermeability should be used. The first part of the paper presents review of the current regulations, interpretations, and recommendations from U.S., EU and Republic of Serbia. Knowing that the Serbian regulation should fully follow related European Directive, in analyses some inadequate formulations and terms were observed related to the Directive Annex I, 3.2. Request of the Regulation that deals with the bottom of the landfill leakage is formulated differently than in Directive as well. Mentioned problems enable some design solutions which are not among the best available techniques. In the second part the paper presents comparative analysis of possible alternatives in impermeable layer design, both for the bottom and landfill cover. Some materials like clay, CCL, GCL might not be able to satisfy prescribed requirements. The longest lifetime and the lowest coefficient of permeability, as well as excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, show the mixture of sand, bentonite and polymers (PEBSM).

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Plé, Olivier, Thi Ngoc Hà Lê, and Murad S. AbuAisha. "Landfill Clay Barrier: Fibre Reinforcement Technique." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.780.

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Landfills come with a cover barrier which includes a compacted silty clay liner essential to safety on site. However this barrier encounters problems, especially those related to the differential settlement, which may cause stress in the clay layer leading to the development of cracks. Generally speaking, tensile stress damage and shearing are observed on the cap cover. Due to the weak mechanical performance of the clay layer it was proposed to add polypropylene fibre reinforcement. Direct tensile tests and compression tests under low confinement were carried out on unreinforced and reinforced soils. An improvement in soil resistance and in the brittleness index of fibre-reinforced clay was characterised. The proposed solution, technically feasible, enabled an optimization of the thickness of the mineral barrier.

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Hu, Lifang, and Yuyang Long. "Effect of landfill cover layer modification on methane oxidation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 24 (October 1, 2016): 25393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7632-y.

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Sholokhova, A., O. Tsibernaja, V. Mykhaylenko, J. Burlakovs, V. Kuusemets, K. M. Pehme, and M. Kriipsalu. "PILOT-SCALE METHANE DEGRADATION BIOCOVER AT OPERATING LANDFILL." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 74 (2019): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.74.15.

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A landfill is a large bioreactor, in the body of which landfill gases are generated due to anaerobic degradation of organic material. According to European legislation, the emission of methane, one of the landfill gases, should be kept to a minimum as methane is a greenhouse gas and has a significant impact on our climate. With large volumes, methane can be used for energy production, but if the collection is uneconomic, an attractive option would be to cover the landfill with a bioactive layer to degrade methane in-situ. In operational Uikala sanitary landfill, Estonia, where active gas collection system exists, it was found that uncaptured gas could be degraded in bioactive cover layer. To check whether such cover layer could be built from fine fraction after mechanical biological treatment (MBT), two experimental cells were constructed (0-20 mm and 0-40 mm fractions). The paper presents the design of experimental cells, a description of materials for construction and construction process, and preliminary results. Measurement system was installed in both cells: gas wells at eight depths and on three locations on surface. Three-level lysimeters were installed to determine water balance. Research is planned for two years with monthly gas sampling. The objective of the work is proving which of the MBT fractions, 0-20 or 0-40 mm, function better for methane degradation. Confirmation of the methane degradation efficiency in fine MBT fraction is important not only from the ecological point of view. The use of a fine fraction as a material for methane degradation layer would reduce the cost of processing this fraction and become a good example to a circular economy since the landfill would be recultivated using its own resources.

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Kurniasari, Opy, Tri Padmi, Edwan Kardena, and Enri Damanhuri. "PERFORMA OKSIDASI METAN PADA REAKTOR KONTINYU DENGAN PENINGKATAN KETEBALAN LAPISAN BIOCOVER LANDFILL." Reaktor 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2013): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.14.3.179-186.

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PERFORMANCE OF METHANE OXIDATION IN CONTINUOUS REACTOR BY BIOCOVER LANDFILL FILM THICKNESS IMPROVEMENT. Municipal solid waste (MSW) handling in Indonesia is currently highly dependent on landfilling at the final disposal facility (TPA), which generally operated in layer-by-layer basis, allowing the anaerobic (absent of oxygen) process. This condition will certainly generate biogas in the form of methane (CH4) and CO2. Methane is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential greater than CO2, and can absorb infrared radiation 23 times more efficient than CO2 in the period of over 100 years. One way that can be done to reduce methane gas from landfills that escape into nature is to oxidize methane by utilizing landfill cover material (biocover) as methane-oxidizing microorganism media. Application of compost as landfill cover material is a low-cost approach to reduce emissions so are suitable for developing countries. The compost used in this study was compost landfill mining, which is degraded naturally in landfill. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of biocover to oxidize the methane on a certain layer thickness with a continuous flow conditions. Three column reactors were used, which were made of flexy glass measuring 70 cm in high and 15 cm in diameter. The methane flowed from the bottom of the reactor continuously at a flow rate of 5 ml/minute. The columns were filled with biocover compost landfill mining with layer thickness of 5, 25, 35 and 60 cm. The results showed that the thicker layer of biocover, the higher the efficiency of methane oxidation. The oxidation efficiency obtained in each layer thickness of 15, 25, 35 and 60 cm was 56.43%, 63.69%, 74.58% and 80, 03% respectively, with the rate of oxidation of 0.29 mol m-2 d-1 and the fraction of oxidation of 99%. The oxidation result was supported by the identification of bacteria isolated in this experiment, namely metanotrophic bacteria that have the ability to oxidize methane through the form of methanol metabolite. ABSTRAKPenanganan sampah kota di Indonesia pada umumnya dilakukan pada tempat pemrosesan akhir sampah (TPA), yang sebagian besar dilakukan dengan cara pengurugan (landfilling) yang cenderung bersifat anaerob (tidak ada oksigen). Cara pengurugan ini biasanya dioperasikan lapis perlapis sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya proses anaerob. Pada kondisi ini dipastikan biogas, yaitu gas metana (CH4) dan CO2, akan muncul. Metana adalah gas rumah kaca dengan potensi pemanasan global lebih besar dari CO2, dan dapat mengabsorpsi radiasi infra merah 23 kali lebih efisien dari CO2 pada periode lebih dari 100 tahun. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi gas metana dari landfill yang lepas ke alam adalah dengan mengoksidasinya dengan memanfaatkan material penutup landfill (biocover) sebagai media mikroorganisma pengoksidasi metana. Aplikasi kompos sebagai material penutup landfill merupakan pendekatan dengan biaya rendah untuk mereduksi emisi gas dari landfill sehingga cocok untuk negara berkembang. Biocover yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kompos landfill mining, yaitu kompos yang terdegradasi secara alami di landfill. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kemampuan biocover kompos landfill mining dalam mengoksidasi metana pada ketebalan lapisan tertentu dengan kondisi aliran kontinyu. Tiga buah reaktor kolom yang digunakan terbuat dari flexy glass berukuran tinggi 70 cm dan diameter 15 cm. Gas metana dialirkan dari bawah reaktor secara kontinyu dengan laju alir 5 ml/menit. Kolom diisi dengan biocover kompos landfill mining dengan ketebalan lapisan 5, 25, 35 dan 60 cm. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semakin tebal lapisan biocover, semakin tinggi efisiensi oksidasi metana. Efisiensi oksidasi yang diperoleh pada setiap ketebalan lapisan 15, 25, 35 dan 60 cm adalah masing-masing 56,43%, 63,69%, 74,58% dan 80,03%, dengan laju oksidasi 0,287 mol m-2 d-1 dan fraksi oksidasi 97%. Hasil oksidasi yang diperoleh tersebut diperkuat dengan identifikasi bakteri yang berhasil diisolasi, yaitu bakteri metanotrofik yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mengoksidasi metana melalui metabolit antara berupa metanol.

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Ng, Charles W. W., Jason L. Coo, Zhong Kui Chen, and Rui Chen. "Water Infiltration into a New Three-Layer Landfill Cover System." Journal of Environmental Engineering 142, no. 5 (May 2016): 04016007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001074.

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Fan, Jing Jing. "Behavior of Geosynthetic Clay Liners due to the Migration of Heavy Metal." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.433.

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To protect the underlying soil and groundwater from landfills, the landfills are commonly lined with layered liner systems. Geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) have been increasingly used in the landfill liner systems to substitude the traditional compacted clay liners (CCL) because of their low cost, easily construction behavior and low leakage rate. To study the behavior of the GM+GCL liner system used in China due to the migration of Pb2+, we introduce in detail GM+GCL liner systems proposed by the Chinese specification. Then one dimensional finite layer model is used to investigate the anti-pollution behavior of the CM+GCL composite liner systems, with the focuses on the heavy metal Pb2+. It could be concluded that the main migration way through the GM+GCL composite liner system is that the transport of Pb2+through a GM+GCL composite liner system of a landfill cover takes place primarily through the holes in the GM. The findings provide useful reference for preventing, controlling and treating groundwater pollution in the GM+GCL liner system technically and scientifically.

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Chen, Zezhi, Huijuan Gong, Mengqun Zhang, Weili Wu, Yu Liu, and Jin Feng. "Impact of using high-density polyethylene geomembrane layer as landfill intermediate cover on landfill gas extraction." Waste Management 31, no. 5 (May 2011): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.12.012.

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Tresselt, K., G. Miehlich, A. Groengroeft, S. Melchior, K. Berger, and C. Harms. "Harbour sludge as barrier material in landfill cover systems." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0766.

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Sediment dredged from the port of Hamburg is treated and stored upland in a storage facility. The site is covered by a system of topsoil above a sand drainage layer and a barrier layer made of processed harbour sludge in order to minimize the input of water after completion of the site. In 1995 in-situ investigations have started to study the hydraulic properties, the water balance and the water quality of the cover system of the storage site Francop in Hamburg. Two lysimeters (500 m2 each) were constructed. During the first dry year after the construction of the lysimeters discharge rates <0.05 mm/d were measured below the sludge barrier. The hydraulic gradients indicate downward water movement in the sludge barrier during the summer and the winter of 1996. The chemical composition of the discharge below the barrier is typical for sludge pore water. An increase of the discharge above the sludge barrier neither led to an increase of discharges nor to changes in the concentration of the water compounds below the barrier. We assume that up to now there is no preferential flow through the sludge barrier. The cover system including the sludge barrier performs very well. The monitoring of the lysimeters is continued.

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Voicu, Gheorghe, Mirela Dincă, Paula Tudor, and George Ipate. "Aspects Regarding the Collection and Removal of Rainfall Water on Landfill Final Cover." Advanced Engineering Forum 27 (April 2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.27.155.

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This paper presents an analysis of the rainwater flow on the final cover slopes of an urban landfill so as to ensure the drainage of infiltrate water through the drainage layer applied across the geomembrane of cover layer, with a runoff coefficient as low as possible. It is presented a calculation model for the transmissivity of the drainage layer depending on the thickness and on its hydraulic characteristics and also on the topsoil layer applied to the surface, as well as depending on the coating slope length. This calculation is made for both a side with a single slope (tilt) as well as for sides with two slopes. Also it is presented a mathematical model for the hydraulic calculation of surface water drainage ditches drained through the drainage layers, but also through the surface runoff, in order to establish the optimal drainage section.

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Reddy, Krishna, Timothy Stark, and Aravind Marella. "Clogging potential of tire-shred drainage layer in landfill cover systems." International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 2008): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3328/ijge.2008.02.04.407-418.

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Coo, Jason Lim, Pui San So, Bruce Chen, Zhou Chao, and Charles Wang Wai Ng. "Feasibility study of a new unsaturated three-layer landfill cover system." E3S Web of Conferences 9 (2016): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160913004.

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Ye, Sheng Hua, Han Bo Dan, Ying Dong Tang, Yu Jing Mao, Jing Jing Luo, and Yun Ding. "The Application of Vertical Anti-Seepage in Modern Landfill." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1751.

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Firstly, several common vertical anti-seepage forms for modern sanitary landfill are reviewed and compared. According to the unreasonable calculation method of the wall thickness in the New Code, this paper proposes a reasonable calculation method of the wall thickness through the two engineering project cases: valley type and plain type landfill, reflecting on the reasonable choice of the vertical anti-seepage forms. For the valley type landfill where the cover layer has a certain thickness, jet grouting pile and post grouting is proposed for the anti-seepage; for the plain type landfill whose foundation is composed of clay or sandy soil, the cement mixing pile is proposed for the anti-seepage.

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Shaikh, Janarul, Sudheer Kumar Yamsani, Manash Jyoti Bora, Sreedeep Sekharan, Ravi Ranjan Rakesh, Atharva Mungale, and Sanandam Bordoloi. "Impact Assessment of Vegetation Growth on Soil Erosion of a Landfill Cover Surface." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 22, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2019-0014.

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Abstract Soil erosion is a very common phenomenon encountered at many sloped earthen geotechnical structures. For instance, the surface soil of an inclined landfill cover system undergoes the erosion due to various adverse atmospheric variants. This is one of the major causes for performance failure in the cover system. However, previous researchers have rarely conducted the study for field assessment of soil erosion in high rainfall tropical regions such as northeast India. The literature advocates the utilization of vegetation for erosion management. This study investigated the impact of vegetation growth on soil erosion of a cover surface layer under both natural and controlled artificial rainfall. The soil erosion was monitored by collecting the soil loss due to rainfall. Vegetation growth was evaluated based on photographic image analyses. The study clearly indicates that the vegetation growth can contribute to reduction of soil erosion from the landfill cover surface.

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Kämpf, M., and H. Montenegro. "On the performance of capillary barriers as landfill cover." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 4 (December 31, 1997): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-925-1997.

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Abstract. Landfills and waste heaps require an engineered surface cover upon closure. The capping system can vary from a simple soil cover to multiple layers of earth and geosynthetic materials. Conventional design features a compacted soil layer, which suffers from drying out and cracking, as well as root and animal intrusion. Capillary barriers consisting of inclined fine-over-coarse soil layers are investigated as an alternative cover system. Under unsaturated conditions, the textural contrast delays vertical drainage by capillary forces. The moisture that builds up above the contact will flow downdip along the interface of the layers. Theoretical studies of capillary barriers have identified the hydraulic properties of the layers, the inclination angle, the length of the field and the infiltration rate as the fundamental characteristics of the system. However, it is unclear how these findings can lead to design criteria for capillary barriers. To assess the uncertainty involved in such approaches, experiments have been carried out in a 8 m long flume and on large scale test sites (40 m x 15 m). In addition, the ability of a numerical model to represent the relevant flow processes in capillary barriers has been examined.

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Narejo, Dhani. "Finite element analysis experiments on landfill cover drainage with geosynthetic drainage layer." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 38 (June 2013): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.04.001.

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Abdolahzadeh, Amir M., Benoit Lacroix Vachon, and Alexandre R. Cabral. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of a cover with capillary barrier effect to control percolation into a waste disposal facility." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 7 (July 2011): 996–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-017.

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The goal of an instrumented experimental plot constructed on the Saint-Tite-des-Caps landfill site was to evaluate the field behaviour and performance of a cover with capillary barrier effect (CCBE) to control water percolation. The CCBE consists of a layer of deinking by-products (DBP) on top of a layer of sand overlying a gravel layer. The DBP layer acts as a seepage control layer to control the rate of seepage that can reach the top of the capillary barrier. Analysis of the field data shows that the seepage control layer consisting of DBP remained nearly saturated and controlled percolation to the desired level. In addition, for the first year of monitoring, the diversion length determined from field data was very similar to that estimated by the analytical solution that was used for the design of the experimental plot. Afterwards, the diversion length increased due to a decrease in the rate of seepage caused by settlement of the seepage control layer, which caused a decrease in its saturated hydraulic conductivity. At all times, the flows that reached the gravel layer at the toe of the experimental CCBE were, for all practical purposes, lower than the maximum seepage rates required by the most restrictive landfill regulations.

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Erawan, Fery, Emi Sukiyah, Johanes Hutabarat, and Adjat Sudradjat. "The Permeability of Granite Weathering Soil in Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 5, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2020.5.3.5285.

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Bintan Island is a part of Riau Islands Province. On this island, the capital city is Tanjungpinang. The compliance of public facilities such as landfill waste is a priority in this city. Landfill design that suitable in this area is a sanitary landfill system. The soil layer uses to cover the waste in this landfill system. The closure did gradually avoid the disruption of waste processing. The type of soil for its landfill cover has to be able to control the leachate. It controlled by the permeability of the soil. The methods used in this study are the analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of soil. Rock and soil samples are obtained systematically through trenching. Sampling-based on changes in physical properties of soil that reflect its mechanical properties. A probabilistic approach used to solve the problems and to get accurate results. The geomorphology of the study area divided into four units. They are very flat terrain, flat terrain, slightly steep hills, and steep hills. The sample used for the study is undisturbed soil. Analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of soil shows the types of soil, such as SW, GM, MH-OH, and CH. However, MH is the most dominant type of soil. Each of the soil types represents a certain degree of weathering. The degree of weathering in the study area varies from the III degree to VI degrees. Rocks are weathering form clay mineral, which compiles the soil. Clay mineral in the soil layer is varied from quartz, illite, kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite, and hematite—the impact of the swelling of clay. The swelling of clay in the study area ranged from low to high. The properties and composition of the soil are affected by the permeability value.

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ZENG, Yunmin, Li'ao WANG, Tengtun XU, Xue SONG, and Yanze YANG. "Performance of an intermediate soil cover for landfill sites." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800052x.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to improve the performance of an intermediate covering of soils in landfill sites by using agents such as calcined lime, sawdust and polyacrylamide (PAM). Compressive strength, permeability and water-holding capacity of modified soils were measured, and the effects of regulating pH and pollutant removal in leachate were also investigated in a leaching experiment. The results indicate that three modifying agents could improve the compressive strength of an intermediate soil cover. The permeability of lime-treated soil increased as the amount of lime increased, while that of sawdust- and PAM-modified soil declined. Results from a leaching experiment show that lime- and sawdust-modified soils could improve leachate quality. The pH value of leachate from 5% lime-modified soils was 7.78, which is suitable for the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and volatile fatty acids in leachate permeating lime- and sawdust-modified intermediate cover was improved so that the pollution load of leachate was reduced. The water-holding capacities for 20% sawdust and 0.5% PAM-modified soils were 65.19% and 43.52%, respectively, which helps to maintain the optimum water content of landfill. The water-holding capacity of PAM-modified samples declined in alkaline soil. It is concluded that the combination of 5% sawdust, 5% lime and 90% soil would be optimal for an intermediate covering layer.

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Yu, Chan, and Sung-Wook Yun. "The Evaluation on In-Situ Adaptability of Mono-layer Landfill Final Cover System." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 48, no. 5 (September 30, 2006): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2006.48.5.073.

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Hötzl, H., H. Neff, H. Walter, and S. Wohnlich. "Measuring the waterbalance of a three-layer cover of a domestic waste landfill." Engineering Geology 21, no. 3-4 (June 1985): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(85)90025-0.

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Xie, Haijian, Qiao Wang, Huaxiang Yan, and Yunmin Chen. "Steady-state analytical model for vapour-phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion in layered landfill composite cover systems." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 11 (November 2017): 1567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0293.

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An analytical model for the diffusion of one-dimensional vapour-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through a four-layer landfill composite cover system consisting of a protective layer, drainage layer, geomembrane (GMB), and compacted clay liner (CCL) is developed. Effects of degree of water saturation (Sr), adsorption, and degradation on vapour-phase VOC diffusion in a cover system are then analyzed. The vapour-phase benzene concentration profile increases with increase of Sr in the drainage and protective layers. When Sr1 = Sr2 = 0.5 (where Sr1 and Sr2 are degree of water saturation of the protective and drainage layers, respectively), surface flux for the case with the degree of water saturation of the CCL layer Sr4 = 0.3 is 1.3 and 1560 times larger than that with Sr4 = 0.7 and = 0.9, respectively. The effect of adsorption of the VOCs in the CCL on performance of the cover system is more important than that in the drainage and protective layers. Surface flux and concentration of benzene tends to be zero when CCL is amended with 0.5% biochar due to an increase of the retardation factor. The effect of degradation rate on benzene concentration increases with increase of degree of water saturation. The influence of half-life of VOCs in the soil layer, t1/2, on vapour-phase VOC concentration can be neglected when Sr ≤ 0.3.

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Woyshner, Mark R., and Ernest K. Yanful. "Modelling and field measurements of water percolation through an experimental soil cover on mine tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-062.

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A composite soil cover constructed on acid-producing tailings was evaluated for its ability to retain a high degree of water saturation and low hydraulic conductivity. The cover consisted of a 60 cm thick, compacted, nearly saturated, varved clay placed between two sand layers, each 30 cm thick. A final 10 cm thick gravel layer was placed on the upper sand layer to minimize erosion. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model and a finite-element flow model (SEEP/W) were applied, and the results corroborated with field measurements of percolation and soil-water content. Modelling predictions indicate that 4% of precipitation will percolate through the cover and that the intermediate clay layer will retain a high degree of saturation after a 20 year simulation. Four years of field monitoring also indicate that 4% of precipitation percolates through the cover and that the clay retains its high saturation. These results suggest that a properly designed and constructed soil cover can be effective in reducing acid production in reactive mine tailings. Key words : acid-producing tailings, soil cover, water saturation; capillary barrier, hydrologic processes.

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Codevilla, Mauro, Camilo Casagrande, Marcos Montoro, Sandra Orlandi, Teresa Piqué, and Diego Manzanal. "Evaluation of sand-clay-anionic polyacrylamide blends for alternative compacted clay landfill liner design." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704002.

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In this project, an innovative low hydraulic conductivity material for landfill cover and liner construction was studied. The material is a blend of natural clayey soil from Comodoro Rivadavia city (Chubut province, Argentina) mixed with fine uniform sand and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). The research emphasizes understanding the influence of APAM addition on the soil water retention capacity (SWRC), unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and swelling behavior. APAM is a super absorbent polymer that swells when immersed in water. SWRC was evaluated through the filter paper method. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and swelling behavior were determined using two fluids: distilled water and brine (C = 2 M). Results showed that APAM addition reduced the blends' microporosity, increased the water retention capacity, and reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the system. These promising results encourage further research on these blends' behavior to determine the most efficient blend formulation to enhance its hydro-mechanical performance and its chemical compatibility with landfill leachates for cover and low hydraulic conductivity liner layer construction.

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Nozhevnikova, A. N., V. K. Nekrasova, V. S. Lebedev, and A. B. Lifshits. "Microbiological Processes in Landfills." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0113.

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Large landfills in the Soviet Union cover more than 140 thousand hectares. The gas emission intensities are extremely disproportional over the surface of these landfills. According to our data the rates of streams of the biogas components vary from 0 till 20, 46, 1.2 and 0.75 (×10−4m3 × hour −1/m2) for CH4, CO2, H2, CO, respectively. The stable carbon isotope composition of methane and carbon dioxide in the biogas of deep landfills layers is typical for methanogenesis from organic wastes, but it depends on the concentration of organic substance in the landfill ground and on the age of these landfills. In the upper layer methane becomes heavier and carbon dioxide lighter due to the microbiological oxidation processes. The most intensive methanogenesis is usually observed in the upper part of the anaerobic zone where the organic substance concentration is relatively high. The methanogenic microflora is represented by mesophilic methanobacteria, species of Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium genera are prevalent forms. At the depth of 10-100 cm from the surface intensive oxidation of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide is observed. The number of gas oxidizing bacteria is up to 10 cells per gram of soil. 14 species of methane oxidizing bacteria, which belong to 5 genera were iden tified. Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria belong to Alcaligenes,Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, Mycobacteriun genera. Between them psychrotrophic forms were found. It has been shown that in small landfills methane, produced in anaerobic zone, can be oxidized completely in the upper ground layer. The biogas extraction from landfills is important not only as an additional fuel source, but as a means of preventing pollution of the Earth's atmosphere.

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Oliveira, Thays C. F., Bianca G. S. Dezen, and Julio C. Bizarreta-Ortega. "Development of flume model of inclined capillary barrier (clay silt/CDW) in a subtropical climate scenario." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704007.

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Interest in research on capillary barrier (CB) in regions with humid climates (tropical and subtropical) is increasing. One of the main advantages of such cover type is the greater flexibility regarding the materials that could compose it. A possibility is the use of construction and demolition wastes (CDW), which would contribute to the solution of CDW destination, a problem in urban centers. Thus, the present work aimed an experimental evaluation of CB cover with CDW in its composition. A CB cover system was reproduced in a physical model in acrylic box, with clay soil as capillary layer and CDW as capillary block, given its granulometric and hydraulic contrast. The layers were arranged with the usual landfill slope, of 1:3, and a very heavy rain, of 90 mm, was simulated. Three tests were performed on the flume model, in which initial CDW saturation degree (S0) was varied in 4,5%, 10,3% and 17,3%. Results indicate formation, indeed, of capillary barrier between the two used materials. The most efficient model was the one with lowest initial CDW S0, of 4,5%. As the CWD S0 increased, time of flow permanence at materials interface decreased, indicating a CWD S0 in which such capillary barriers no longer function effectively. Regarding percolation rate, the maximum for a 90 mm rainfall was 2,7%, which fits the landfill cover projects criteria consulted.

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TAKEZAKI, So, Kazuto ENDO, and Takeshi KATSUMI. "Evaluating mass of soil particles eroded into geosynthetic drainage layer in landfill final cover system." Japanese Geotechnical Journal 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgs.15.131.

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Lacroix Vachon, Benoit, Amir M. Abdolahzadeh, and Alexandre R. Cabral. "Predicting the diversion length of capillary barriers using steady state and transient state numerical modeling: case study of the Saint-Tite-des-Caps landfill final cover." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 12 (December 2015): 2141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0353.

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Covers with capillary barrier effect (CCBE) have already been proposed to meet regulatory requirements for landfill final covers. Modeling of CCBE can be a relatively complex and time-consuming task. Simpler, albeit conservative, design tools — such as steady state numerical analyses — can, in certain cases, be justified and have a positive impact in practice. In this study, numerical simulations were performed of the experimental CCBE constructed on the Saint-Tite-des-Caps landfill (Quebec). The CCBE consists of a capillary barrier, composed of sand and gravel, on top of which a layer of deinking by-products (DBP) was installed as a protective layer (also to control seepage). The addition of a protective layer over the infiltration control layer (such as a capillary barrier) is required in most jurisdictions. In many European countries, such as Germany and the Netherlands, a thick “recultivation” layer is required. The results of numerical simulations were compared with the in situ behaviour of the Saint-Tite CCBE as well as with analytical solutions. The effectiveness of the capillary barrier was assessed by quantifying the diversion length (DL), which reflects the lateral drainage capacity of the CCBE, i.e., the capacity to drain water laterally. Collection of the water that has drained laterally prevents seepage into the waste mass. This study shows that when the seepage rate reaching the top layer of the capillary barrier is controlled, it is possible to predict the worst-case scenario in terms of seepage (and therefore predict the shortest DL) using steady state numerical simulations. These simpler-to-perform numerical simulations could be adopted in practice, at least in a pre-feasibility study for cases with a similar profile as the one at the Saint-Tite-des-Caps experimental CCBE.

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Bhatnagar, Amit, Fabio Kaczala, Juris Burlakovs, Mait Kriipsalu, Marika Hogland, and William Hogland. "Hunting for valuables from landfills and assessing their market opportunities A case study with Kudjape landfill in Estonia." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 6 (March 25, 2017): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17697816.

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Landfill mining is an alternative technology that merges the ideas of material recycling and sustainable waste management. This paper reports a case study to estimate the value of landfilled materials and their respective market opportunities, based on a full-scale landfill mining project in Estonia. During the project, a dump site (Kudjape, Estonia) was excavated with the main objectives of extracting soil-like final cover material with the function of methane degradation. In total, about 57,777 m3 of waste was processed, particularly the uppermost 10-year layer of waste. Manual sorting was performed in four test pits to determine the detailed composition of wastes. 11,610 kg of waste was screened on site, resulting in fine (<40 mm) and coarse (>40 mm) fractions with the share of 54% and 46%, respectively. Some portion of the fine fraction was sieved further to obtain a very fine grained fraction of <10 mm and analyzed for its potential for metals recovery. The average chemical composition of the <10 mm soil-like fraction suggests that it offers opportunities for metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) extraction and recovery. The findings from this study highlight the importance of implementing best available site-specific technologies for on-site separation up to 10 mm grain size, and the importance of developing and implementing innovative extraction methods for materials recovery from soil-like fractions.

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Alam, Md Jobair Bin, Asif Ahmed, Md Sahadat Hossain, and Naima Rahman. "Estimation of percolation of water balance cover using field scale unsaturated soil parameter." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704005.

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Water balance covers for landfill closure are used as a barrier which act with the natural processes to reduce percolation. The ideal performance of water balance cover is characterized by the minimal quantity of percolation. The rate of percolation of water balance cover largely depends on unsaturated soil behavior. In this study, percolation was evaluated through unsaturated soil parameters of six instrumented lysimeters. The field instrumentation included moisture sensors, tensiometers, rain gauge, dosing siphon, and pressure transducer. Soil water storage (SWS) capacity (SA) was quantified from the soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) which were developed based on laboratory experiments and field instrumentation data. Required SWS (SR) was also measured from the field monitoring results. Based on analysis, the relative storage ratio (SR/SA) was observed to be greater than unity (1) in most of the cases, indicating potential percolation. The SR/SA was also found competent to identify the lysimeter with higher quantity of percolations. The estimated percolation from the laboratory experimented and field generated SWCCs fairly resembled with the actual field measured percolation. The analyzed results also developed a framework to estimate the thickness of the cover storage layer required to manage percolation for the specific region of the study area.

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Lee, Seul Bi, Sang Yoon Kim, Chan Yu, Soon-Oh Kim, and Pil Joo Kim. "Vegetation of mono-layer landfill cover made of coal bottom ash and soil by compost application." Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 02, no. 03 (2013): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2013.23008.

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Moon, Seheum, Kyoungphile Nam, Jae Young Kim, Shim Kyu Hwan, and Moonkyung Chung. "Effectiveness of compacted soil liner as a gas barrier layer in the landfill final cover system." Waste Management 28, no. 10 (2008): 1909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.021.

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Arjwech, Rungroj, Kittipong Somchat, Potpreecha Pondthai, Mark Everett, Marcia Schulmeister, and Sakhon Saengchomphu. "Assessment of Geological, Hydrogeological and Geotechnical Characteristics of a Proposed Waste Disposal Site: A Case Study in Khon Kaen, Thailand." Geosciences 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10030109.

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Occasionally, a selected site suitable for landfill construction is severely protested against by locals. This issue can cause the proposed landfill to be relocated to an environmentally sensitive area. The proposed Khon Kaen waste disposal site has been planned as an integrated municipal solid waste management system, although the site is situated in an environmentally sensitive area. A site assessment can guarantee the suitability of waste disposal construction, with procedures that aim to assess the potential of geological and hydrogeological characteristics, geological barriers, geotechnical properties of material for landfill construction and groundwater conditions for future monitoring of such facilities. The study area is located on foothills where no geohazard or seismic impacts have been recorded. The geology is composed of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone bedrocks mostly overlain by unconsolidated sediments. The natural geological barriers are clay and regolith. The clay layer lies locally and is rather thin, at around 2–3 m thickness. The study area is situated in an area that is highly vulnerable to groundwater pollution. The distinct weaknesses of this site along the foothill are a prominent transport path of shallow flows; high groundwater fluctuation, especially during the rainy season; that it is a recharge area with a high fracture zone; and the high permeability of colluvium. The material characteristics in the site make it suitable for use as landfill cover and liner. Following compaction, the coefficient of permeability ranges from 1.2 × 10−7 to 7.1 × 10−7 cm/s, which is acceptably impervious.

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Zhan, Liang-tong, Guang-yao Li, Wei-guo Jiao, Tao Wu, Ji-wu Lan, and Yun-min Chen. "Field measurements of water storage capacity in a loess–gravel capillary barrier cover using rainfall simulation tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 11 (November 2017): 1523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0298.

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A 30 m long × 20 m wide capillary barrier cover (CBC) test site was constructed at the Jiangcungou landfill in Xi’an, China. The cover consisted of a compacted loess layer with a thickness of 0.9 m underlain by a gravel layer. After the cover surface was kept bare and exposed to natural climate conditions for nearly 5 months, one artificial rainfall event was implemented at the site. Vegetation was established at the test site after the first rainfall event. Four months later, a second artificial rainfall event was applied to the surface of the vegetated site. The pore-water pressures (PWPs) and volumetric water contents (VWCs) of the cover were monitored using jet-filled tensiometers and time-domain reflectometry moisture probes, respectively. Surface runoff and percolation were measured using field collection devices. The field measurements demonstrated a more rapid response of PWPs to the rainfall compared to the response of the VWCs. Percolation was observed when the PWPs near the interface reached the water-entry value of the gravel at local points. At that moment, the measured VWC near the interface was less than the VWC according to the water-entry value. The observation indicated that preferential flows took place in the compacted loess during the rainfall. As a result, the maximum water storage capacity was not reached at the onset of percolation. When percolation ceased, the average PWP near the interface decreased below the water-entry value, while the VWC near the interface was higher than that at the onset of percolation. Water storage at the completion of percolation was approximately 5% greater than that at the onset of percolation. Compared with the monolithic loess cover, the loess–gravel CBC increased the available water storage capacity by 41% at the completion of percolation. Vegetation had an insignificant influence on water storage capacity.

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Thiel, R. S. "Design Methodology for a Gas Pressure Relief Layer Below a Geomembrane Landfill Cover to Improve Slope Stability." Geosynthetics International 5, no. 6 (January 1998): 589–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.5.0137.

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Ng, C. W. W., H. W. Guo, and Q. Xue. "A Novel Environmentally Friendly Vegetated Three-Layer Landfill Cover System Using Construction Wastes But Without a Geomembrane." Indian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40098-021-00542-7.

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Lin, Sandar, Charles W. W. Ng, Jie Xu, Rui Chen, Jian Liu, Zhong-kui Chen, and Chung Fai Chiu. "Effects of shrub on one-dimensional suction distribution and water infiltration in a three-layer landfill cover system." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 20, no. 7 (July 2019): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.a1800145.

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Kwon, O., and J. Park. "Estimation on the Self Recovery Behavior of Low-conductivity Layer in Landfill Final Cover by Laboratory Conductivity Tests." Environmental Technology 27, no. 11 (November 2006): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332708618741.

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Shaikh, Janarul, Sudheer Kumar Yamsani, Manash Jyoti Bora, Sanjeet Sahoo, Sreedeep Sekharan, and Ravi Ranjan Rakesh. "Influence of infiltration on soil erosion in green infrastructures." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0018.

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Abstract Rainwater-induced erosion in green geotechnical infrastructures such as a multilayered landfill cover system (MLCS) is a severe concern in the current era. Although vegetation is a proven measure to control erosion in the MLCS, there are other factors such as infiltration rate which influence the control of the phenomenon. Most of the existing studies are limited to understand influence of vegetation on erosion control or infiltration rate alone. In this study, an attempt is made to incorporate infiltration measurements alongside vegetation cover to understand erosion in surface layer of the MLCS. For this purpose, a pilot MLCS was constructed, and erosion of its surface soil was temporally evaluated through soil loss depth of eroded cover surface under the influence of natural as well as simulated rainfall conditions. Alongside erosion, the amount of vegetated cover was evaluated through photographic image analyses and infiltration rate was measured by mini disk infiltrometer. From the observed results, it is understood that soil erosion and infiltration rate depict a contrasting behaviour with growing vegetation. Antecedent moisture contents were observed to show greater influence on such erosion behaviour which was observed during the testing period. Such studies may be helpful to researchers and practicing engineers for understanding performance of various green geotechnical infrastructures and scheduling the maintenance services to increase the longevity of their layered soil systems.

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Ujaczki, Éva, Viktória Feigl, Mónika Molnár, Emese Vaszita, Nikolett Uzinger, Attila Erdélyi, and Katalin Gruiz. "The potential application of red mud and soil mixture as additive to the surface layer of a landfill cover system." Journal of Environmental Sciences 44 (June 2016): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.014.

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47

Jeong, Ji-Hoon, Byung-Taek Oh, and Jai-Young Lee. "A feasibility study of thermal hydrolysis by-products as barrier layer materials in the final cover system for a landfill." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 11, no. 3 (September 2009): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-009-0250-8.

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Li, Lihua, Han Yan, Henglin Xiao, Wentao Li, and Zhangshuai Geng. "Sand- and Clay-Photocured-Geomembrane Interface Shear Characteristics Using Direct Shear Test." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158201.

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It is well known that geomembranes frequently and easily fail at the seams, which has been a ubiquitous problem in various applications. To avoid the failure of geomembrane at the seams, photocuring was carried out with 1~5% photoinitiator and 2% carbon black powder. This geomembrane can be sprayed and cured on the soil surface. The obtained geomembrane was then used as a barrier, separator, or reinforcement. In this study, the direct shear tests were carried out with the aim to investigate the interfacial characteristics of photocured geomembrane–clay/sand. The results show that a 2% photoinitiator has a significant effect on the impermeable layer for the photocured geomembrane–clay interface. As for the photocured geomembrane–sand interface, it is reasonable to choose a geomembrane made from a 4% photoinitiator at the boundary of the drainage layer and the impermeable layer in the landfill. In the cover system, it is reasonable to choose a 5% photoinitiator geomembrane. Moreover, as for the interface between the photocurable geomembrane and clay/sand, the friction coefficient increases initially and decreases afterward with the increase of normal stress. Furthermore, the friction angle of the interface between photocurable geomembrane and sand is larger than that of the photocurable geomembrane–clay interface. In other words, the interface between photocurable geomembrane and sand has better shear and tensile crack resistance.

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Das, Goutam Kumar. "Site Suitability Analysis for Solid Waste Disposal of Bolpur Municipality, Birbhum District of West Bengal (India): Remote Sensing and AHP Approach." Remote Sensing of Land 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj1.19030201.

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The aim of present study is to find out suitable sites for solid waste disposal (SWD) in the tropical moist sub-humid region of Bolpur municipality, Birbhum district, West Bengal, India using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. Saaty’s AHP technique was used to delineate the suitable sites for SWD using thematic layers such as land use/land cover, geology, slopes and soils. The ranks were assigned for each individual sub-criterion of thematic layers and weights assigned to each thematic layer for selection of suitable sites for SWD using Arc-GIS environment. Possible landfill sites were categorized into five classes as highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable and unsuitable. About 16.43% (1.97 km2) and 28 % (3.42 km2) area in the region show as highly suitable and suitable sites for SWD, respectively. On the other hand, 39.13 % (4.69 km2), 9.49 % (1.14 km2) and 6.38% (0.77km2) area show moderately suitable, less suitable and unsuitable for solid waste dumping.

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Moraci, N., S. Busana, G. Cortellazzo, M. Favaretti, M. C. Mandaglio, and M. Schepis. "Design and construction of a compacted clay liner in cover system of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill using nonstandard procedures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 8 (August 2018): 1182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0371.

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Design and construction of a mineral barrier layer involve many experimental and technological aspects. A specific soil water content and laboratory compaction energy, which are required to obtain permeability values according to the national regulation in force, must be determined. It is also necessary to control water content, compaction energy, and permeability of the liner actually compacted in situ. This paper shows how a compacted mineral barrier mainly composed of silty clay soil (the excavated soil is a natural but potentially re-usable waste product) was put in place to cover a large municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill and compacted using a heavy dumper, capable of achieving an adequate compaction degree. The in situ hydraulic properties of the liner were compared with those obtained by laboratory testing and to the limits imposed by the Italian regulation. The actual compaction degree was checked by in situ tests. Hydraulic conductivity tests were carried out in situ, using Boutwell and Guelph permeameters, and in the laboratory using rigid wall and flexible wall permeameters. In situ testing provided more realistic permeability values than laboratory ones and demonstrated that the actual construction procedure used was effective to obtain the design targets.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Landfill cover layer'

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