Academic literature on the topic 'Landfills – South Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Landfills – South Africa"
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Sehlabi, Rethabile, and Tracey Morton McKay. "Municipalities, commercial composting and sustainable development, the case of Johannesburg , South Africa." Environmental Economics 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(1).2016.07.
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Typical of most developing world cities, the City of Johannesburg, South Africa, faces many waste management challenges. One of which is a lack of awareness of, and compliance with, waste management legislation, recycling and composting by the general public. Thus, the city has to deal with high levels of solid waste generation and subsequent pressure on its landfill sites. The city also has to adhere to various pieces of waste management legislation, with recycling and composting being two essential elements thereof. This study outlines a commercial composting initiative designed by the municipality of Johannesburg to redirect organic green waste from landfill sites to a compost production plant. The study found that although the Panorama Commercial Composting Plant is reducing the amount of solid organic waste disposed of in the city’s landfills, better planning could increase the amount of green organic waste thus diverted. Furthermore, the adoption of a centralized, mechanized system has significantly hampered the generation of employment opportunities, while simultaneously forcing operational costs up. Finally, the lack of a coherent marketing and branding strategy has restricted compost sales. Thus, the Panorama Commercial Composting Plant is currently not recouping its costs nor generating the number of work opportunities it could. Some recommendations to rectify this are then made
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Makhadi, Rinae, Saheed A. Oke, and Olusola O. Ololade. "The Influence of Non-Engineered Municipal Landfills on Groundwater Chemistry and Quality in Bloemfontein, South Africa." Molecules 25, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 5599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235599.
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This study assessed the groundwater quality around two municipal solid waste landfill sites, in the city of Bloemfontein, Free State Province, South Africa. The two landfill sites are located in two contrasting geological terrains, with both lacking some basic facilities found in a well-designed landfill. A total of eight groundwater samples were collected from pollution monitoring boreholes near the two landfill sites, with five samples representing the northern landfill site and three samples representing the southern landfill site. The samples were collected in the autumn and winter seasons to assess any possible seasonal variations. They were analysed for physicochemical (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolve solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC)) and microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli, total coliform). The results of the analysis showed that the waters from both landfills were generally dominated by Ca, Mg, SO4, and HCO3 ions. Some of the major anions and cations in the water samples were above the South African National Standard (SANS241:2015) and World Health Organisation (WHO) permissible limits for drinking water. Majority of the boreholes had total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity values exceeding the SANS 241:2015 and WHO permissible limits. Piper trilinear plots for the two landfill sites showed that Ca(Mg)HCO3 water type predominates, but Ca(Mg)SO4 and Ca(Mg)Cl were also found. These water types were further confirmed with expanded Durov diagrams, indicating that that the boreholes represented a water type that is seldom found which is undergoing ion exchange, typical of sulphate contamination. From the SAR diagrams, boreholes in the northern landfill site had a high salinity hazard with only one borehole in the southern landfill site having a high salinity hazard. The geology was found to play a significant role in the distribution of contaminants into the groundwater systems in the study area. The study concluded that the northern landfill site had a poorer water quality in comparison to the southern landfill site based on the analysed physicochemical parameters. However, the southern landfill site showed significant microbial contamination, due to the elevated amount of E. coli and total coliform concentrations. The high permeability of the weathered dolerites in the northern landfill site might have enabled the percolation of contaminants into the groundwater resulting in the poorer water quality.
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Schenck, Catherina J., Phillip F. Blaauw, Jacoba MM Viljoen, and Elizabeth C. Swart. "Exploring the Potential Health Risks Faced by Waste Pickers on Landfills in South Africa: A Socio-Ecological Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112059.
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Landfill and street waste pickers in South Africa are responsible for collecting substantial volumes of recyclable material, saving municipalities millions and contributing to a generally healthier and cleaner environment. Yet waste pickers continue to operate on the fringes of the economy and are exposed to many risks, particularly health risks which have a direct impact on the sustainability of their livelihoods. This article, using a mixed-methods approach, explores the health risks to which waste pickers working on nine different landfills in the country are exposed. The socio-ecological framework was used to analyse and present the results. A key finding was that waste picking, by its very nature, lends itself to innumerable health risks, but that these can be lessened through concerted and collaborative efforts on the part of landfill operators, local authorities and other stakeholders. Integrating the ‘self-employed’ waste pickers into the formal waste management system should be comprehensive in order to limit health risks. Waste pickers will never have a risk-free environment, but facilitative policies and supportive institutions can collaboratively help to mitigate these risks and create a more sustainable and dignified working environment towards sustaining their livelihoods.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki, Ednah Kwamboka Onyari, Megersa Olumana Dinka, and Shivani Bhardwaj Mishra. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Mobility in Soils within a Landfill Vicinity: A South African Case study." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 35, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 1286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350406.
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Heavy metal contamination in soils results from anthropogenic and lithologic factors and is a potential hazard to land and water resources. Sources of such pollution include landfills, domestic sewage, agricultural fertilisers and industries. In this work, soils from Roundhill landfill vicinity in South Africa were sampled and analyzed to determine the concentrations of particular heavy metals, namely As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. The main objectives of this work were to: quantify the concentration levels of heavy metals in the soil; determine the mobility of the heavy metals in the soil; and establish their origins and interrelationships. The soils were collected at various distances and depths from the landfill facility. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples were analysed by ICP-MS and statistical analysis was carried out to establish their relationships and sources. From the analysis, some elements including Cr, Mn, Cu and Ni had measured concentrations beyond the threshold limits in most sampling sites irrespective of their distance and depth from the landfill vicinity. Conversely, some elements were observed to be immobile and had higher concentrations on the top soils closer to the landfill, such as As, Pb, Zn, Co and V. Iron (Fe) had high concentrations in all the sampling sites due to its natural occurrence in the parent rocks. In conclusion, the potential of soil quality deterioration due to heavy metal pollution in a landfill vicinity was observed. Furthermore, all heavy metals observed showed positive correlation to each other except for As and Co, indicating same origin.
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Fourie, A. B., and J. W. F. Morris. "Measured gas emissions from four landfills in South Africa and some implications for landfill design and methane recovery in semi-arid climates." Waste Management & Research 22, no. 6 (December 2004): 440–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x04048332.
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Machete, Fannie, and Karabo Shale. "Classification of unregulated landfills by waste stream analysis method, a case of Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality, South Africa." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 7, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096670.
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Machete, Fannie. "Environmental health risks associated with e-waste exposure in Badplaas, Carolina and Elukwatini landfills, Republic of South Africa." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 9, no. 6 (September 24, 2017): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355602.
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Otieno, Mike, and Dikeledi Maboea. "Coal gasification and composite ashes as partial replacements for Portland cement in concrete – strength and selected durability performance." MRS Advances 5, no. 54-55 (2020): 2807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.411.
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AbstractThis study investigated the use of mixed weathered coal fine ash (MWA) and coal gasification ash (CGA), sourced from Sasol® Ltd, South Africa, as partial replacements (10%, 15% and 30% by mass) of Portland Cement (PC) in concrete. The objective was to assess the feasibility of using the ashes, which are generally of lower quality than FA, in concrete in order to avert their negative environmental impact i.e. disposal in heaps and landfills. Companion reference concretes were made using conventional fly ash (FA). Two water-to-binder (w/b) ratios (0.50 and 0.60) were used. The concretes were tested for compressive strength (7, 28 and 56 days) and durability (gas permeability and chloride resistance at 28 and 56 days). In general, the results strongly suggest that the ashes can be used in conventional structural concrete – both from strength and durability viewpoints. Aspects that require attention when they are used include decrease in both workability and rate of strength gain. The gas permeability of the CGA and MWA concretes were similar to those for FA at all replacement levels but a 15% replacement level gave higher chloride resistance.
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Owojori, Oluwatobi, Joshua N. Edokpayi, Ratshalingwa Mulaudzi, and John O. Odiyo. "Characterisation, Recovery and Recycling Potential of Solid Waste in a University of a Developing Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 5111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125111.
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The present decade of Sustainable Development Goals has influenced higher educational institutions to assess and harness their great potential for waste diversion, recovery, and recycling. Institutional solid waste management in South Africa as a developing economy is yet to receive the required attention compared to developed countries. The measurement of the characteristics, and composition of solid waste is a fundamental pre-requisite towards creating a sustainable and viable process of solid waste management systems across institutions as this provides adequate and reliable information on the waste generated. This study aimed to determine the variations of waste components in the University of Venda (UNIVEN) by characterisation of the waste generated. Solid waste samples were collected from key activity areas and characterised using the ASTM D5321-92 method for unprocessed municipal solid waste. The recyclable, compostable, and non-recoverable components of the waste generated were found to be 61.7%, 34.4%, and 3.9%, respectively. The results of the waste audit revealed a strong potential for recycling in the institution (61.7%). This would decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills and enable the monetisation of the recyclable waste recovered from the waste stream, in this manner prompting a circular economy and a sustainable campus thereby lowering the waste footprint of higher education institutions.
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Gonçalves, Andriani Tavares Tenório, Flávia Tuane Ferreira Moraes, Guilherme Lima Marques, Josiane Palma Lima, and Renato Da Silva Lima. "Urban solid waste challenges in the BRICS countries: a systematic literature review." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2157.
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Urban Solid Waste Management (USWM) is a worldwide challenge. The problems faced are even greater due to the disproportional increase of Urban Solid Waste (USW) generation in volume, especially in a context of increased urbanization, population growth and economic globalization in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the status of MSW management in the BRICS countries, as well as to promote an exchange of experience and management strategies, pointing out possible ways to improve USWM systems that have to be adapted to each local reality. Focusing on this, a systematic literature revision was carried out through a bibliometric analysis. Results showed that the management system of these BRICS countries does not possess well-developed structures. The collection stage is quite often inefficient, the solid waste being stored in inappropriate ways and also disposed of in irregular locations. The participation of the informal sector is a trademark characteristic in USWM for BRICS countries, highlighting the need to integrate and formalize these activities for USW collection. Due to the high organic fraction, it is known that composting offers advantages as a way to promote a better use of organic waste and also as a means of reducing the amount of waste sent to sanitary landfills. Finally, with a better knowledge about solid waste generation and decentralization of the offered services, the decision makers will be able to successfully provide this essential public service.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Landfills – South Africa"
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Roberts, H. A. "Landfills or dump sites? Status of landfill sites in the Free State Province, South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/295.
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Published ArticlesIncreased waste generation and poor waste disposal strategies are a global problem. In South Africa most provinces, and the larger municipalities and metros, seems to have the waste disposal and the landfills reasonably organized. This cannot be said of the landfills in the Free State Province, which could only be called dump sites. In the Free State Province a high unemployment level exists and a lack of finances is experienced by many members of the communities, especially in rural areas. Poverty levels is shown in a study by Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA SA), where it was recorded that 1.8 million (68%) of the people in the Free State Province are living in poverty and living on less than R15 per day. Data on the state of the landfill, types of waste generated which have potential to be recycled, were recorded to assess if recycling could be increased to relieve the economic burden of the poor communities. Attention was paid to the following aspects: assessing the current status of each landfill and identifying the types of waste generated in the area which ended up at the landfills. The extent of recycling and the waste handling and disposal of the waste were recorded. Non-compliance with the prescribed legislative guidelines were noted and aspects such as the state of the landfills, proper enclosure, burning of waste, recycling and products being recycled were identified and recorded. The waste disposal practices at most landfills were poor and very limited recycling was taking place. None of the landfills in the province complied with the minimum requirements for landfilling. Recommendations to improve waste disposal and identification of products with recycling potential were made. Alternative waste strategies which could be economically beneficial for the communities were recommended
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Schütte, Renate. "The exploitation of methane from landfill." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015949.
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A review of literature on the subject of methane exploitation from landfill is presented in conjunction with the results of experiments concerning landfill gas extraction at the Grahamstown Landfill Site. A description of the LFG extraction system and the utilisation of LFG at the Grahamstown Landfill Site is included. Data concerning LFG enhancement parameters, LFG compositions and flow rates, refuse composition, LFG modelling, LFG pumping trials and the economics of LFG extraction and utilisation are presented. The indication is that LFG can be economically extracted and utilised as a heating fuel in South Africa.
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Ntongana, Kwasa. "The implications of landfill closure for waste reclaimers in rural local municipalities : the case of Fort Beaufort landfill, Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, Eastern Cape South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6027.
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Poverty and unemployment in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape is forcing thousands of vulnerable people into waste picking. There is growing recognition that waste re-claimers contribute to the local economy, to public health and to environmental sustainability. However, they often face low social status, tragic living and working conditions, and little support from local governments. The waste reclaimers of the Raymond Mhlaba Municipal area are unemployed, experiencing a poorer quality of life and feeling even more socially and economically excluded from the rest of society because of the “limitations” on landfill salvaging currently. Moreover, they have developed feelings of resentment and anger that have resulted in defiant acts of trespassing and theft. This social development study highlights the implications of landfill closure for waste salvagers in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. Landfilling has been the main method for municipal waste disposal in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. To combat the effects of uncontrolled release of landfill gases, the uncontrolled release of leachate that may affect water quality many landfills in the Eastern Cape are being considered for close down and for rehabilitation. To consider as well is the socio-economic backlog and anticipated population growth in the province, which means that landfill salvaging will continue to be an important source of revenue for the poor and homeless. This research used observation, semi-structured one-on-one interviewing, focus group interviewing and questionnaires as well as conducted a review of waste management policy-related documents and secondary data analysis in this qualitative research to analyse the social and the economic impacts. The research found that waste reclaimers in the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality area disagreed with the closure of the Fort Beaufort landfill because of what the researcher assumed to be a lack of general environmental awareness and because of their vulnerability to poverty. Research findings also highlight that waste reclamation can be considered as a viable option to minimize waste at landfills and waste reclaimers have shown an increasing interest and commitment to being trained formally to continue reclamation work. This study has suggested disadvantages in rural landfill closure, without feasible alternatives. Focus must move away from extending waste collection and closing down landfills and instead improve final disposal and initiating minimisation- recycling programs as part of their strategies through the formation of waste cooperatives. This research suggests formalizing and controlling waste recovery to cater for the immediate and most basic needs of the poor. The recommendations will hopefully influence thinking about waste management policy planning and implementation in general, and be of service to furthering Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality achieve goals of sustainable employment creation and poverty alleviation.
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Mudavanhu, Naome. "An analysis of livelihood of landfill waste pickers in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7310.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDDue to high levels of unemployment many people in South Africa have sought work in the informal sector of the country's economy. The activities of landfill waste pickers therefore came about because of this. Landfill waste pickers recover recyclables on mountains of waste and sell to different Buy Back Centers (BBCs) in their areas. Despite the hardships, working on unbearable working conditions and poor income, landfill waste pickers have managed to sustain their livelihoods. The aim of the study was to conduct an analysis of the livelihoods of landfill waste pickers in South Africa using the sustainable livelihood framework. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research approach using multiple case study strategy of inquiry. The population of the study was the landfill waste pickers at the selected landfill sites and material recovery facility. Convenient sampling was used to select the research sample. Data was gathered through observations, semi-structured one-on-one interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, and document analysis to involve multiple sources of data. The research study took place in the following provinces of South Africa namely Western Cape, North West, and Eastern Cape. Out of these provinces the following municipalities were selected for the study Stellenbosch and Oudtshoorn (Western Cape), Potchefstroom and Vryburg (North West) and Graaff Reinet (Eastern Cape). Themes were identified using the elements of sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) and thematic analysis. SLF was used to analyse and present findings under the following elements of SLF vulnerability context, livelihood assets, transforming structures and processes, livelihood strategies and livelihood outcomes. After using a robust approach in analyzing the livelihoods of waste pickers the main outcome was that waste pickers are trying to make a living and they are entrepreneurs. The study also showed that it is important that waste pickers need to be integrated into the waste management system but not to formalize or regulate them. But ultimately give them support so that they continue to do their work better in better conditions.
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Ginindza, Mpendulo Tozi. "Towards zero-waste to landfill : the case of CSIR's framework." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20114.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organisations are beginning to take responsibility for the impacts made by their operations/activities on the environment. The sustainability of organisations can not only be measured by their economic performance, but also by their social and environmental performance. Good governance as recommended in the King III report (Institute of directors in South Africa, 2009) requires reporting to be integrated with the organisation’s social and environmental performance. Organisations inevitably use natural resources and generate waste. Agenda 21 states that organisations should use natural resources efficiently (UNCED, 1992). The challenge according to UNDP (1998:1) is not to stop growth, but to “change the patterns of consumption and production, using new technologies to achieve greater efficiency and reduce waste and pollution”. Waste management is not only an internal concern for the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), but also for the national and international institutions. In South Africa, waste management previously only involved the disposal of waste aspects of it; leaving out important components of waste management such as its treatment and the principles of waste reduction, reuse and recycling. South Africa has in the past ten years changed and has instead developed sustainability plans. For example, The Polokwane Declaration on waste management outlines what the government, civil society and the business community will do to ensure the reduction of waste generation and disposal (South Africa, 2001). The National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act 59 of 2008) states that waste must be reduced, reused, recycled and treated before it is disposed. To this effect, South African municipalities are trying to identify ways to ensure that residents and industry adhere to these requirements. The CSIR is a scientific and technological research, development and implementation organisation which has a long-standing commitment to environmental protection. It has been accredited for adherence with ISO14001 Environmental Management System requirements for over ten years. Development of the Zero-Waste to Landfill Framework builds on the strengths of the organisation’s Environmental Management System and enhances sustainable practices throughout the organisation; and also responds to national imperatives such as the Polokwane Declaration. Typical waste streams generated at the CSIR sites include general business waste (paper, cans, plastics, glass etc), general industrial waste (oils, greases, metals, plastics etc), and hazardous waste (chemical, laboratory, bio hazardous). The Zero-Waste to Landfill Framework assists, and gives guidance to the organisation in order to achieve Zero-Waste to Landfill. It informs the CSIR in planning for initiatives and systems that need to be in place in order to achieve the Zero-Waste to Landfill goal. The framework is developed to provide sustainable solutions for waste management which result in economic, social and environmental benefits for an organisation such as the CSIR. This research was done to look into the factors that ensure that an effective waste minimisation process and programme is implemented at the CSIR, and the recommendations are that; a) The CSIR participates in sustainability reporting. b) The CSIR implements green procurement. c) The CSIR explores different innovative methods, technologies and materials that can be used to minimise waste. d) The CSIR runs intensive awareness raising campaigns.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit blyk dat sekere Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies uiteindelik besig is om verantwoordelikheid te neem ten opsigte van die impak wat hul produksieprosesse op die omgewing het. Die volhoubaarheid van organisasies word nie net deur ekonomies uitsette gemeet nie, maar sluit ook die monitoring van organisatories-ekonomiese in. Effektiewe bestuur soos aanbeveel deur die King III verslag (Institute of directors in South Africa, 2009) vereis dat organisatoriese rapportering sosiale en omgewingsuitsette insluit. Dit is onafwendbaar dat organisasies natuurlike bronne sal gebruik en afval daardeur genereer. Agenda 21 (UNCED, 1992) vereis egter dat organisasies natuurlike hulpbronne op ‘n effektiewe en verantwoordelike manier sal gebruik. Volgens die UNDP (1998:1) is die uitdaging aan organisasies nie om vooruitgang te stuit nie, maar “to change the patterns of consumption and production, using new technologies to achieve greater efficiency and reduce waste and pollution”. Effektiewe afvalbestuur is nie net van toepassing op die “Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) nie, maar geld ook vir ander nasionale organisasies. In die verlede was afvalbestuurmetodes in Suid-Afrika hoofsaaklik gemik op die wegdoening van afval, terwyl metodes soos hergebruik, afvalvermindering en herwinning nie eers oorweeg is nie. Suid-Afrika het gedurende die afgelope tien jaar vooruitgang gemaak op hierdie terrein deur planne te ontwikkel wat volhoubaarheid sal bewerkstellig, byvoorbeeld the Polokwane Verklaring insake Afvalbestuur wat bepaal watter metodes die regering, gemeenskap en besigheidsgemeenskap sal implementeer om die vermindering en wegdoening van vaste afval te verseker. Die “National Environmental Management Waste Act” van 2008 vereis dat metodes vir die vermindering, hergebruik en herwinning oorweeg moet word alvorens blote wegdoening plaasvind. Die munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika is tans besig om maniere te identifiseer wat sal verseker dat inwoners en industrieë hierdie vereistes nakom. The CSIR is gemik op tegnologiese navorsing, ontwikkeling en implementering en het ‘n langtermyn verbintenis om die omgewing te beskerm. Dit het die afgelope tien jaar die ISO 14 001 akkreditasie bekom en behou. Die ontwikkeling van die “Zero-waste to landfill”-Beleid bou op die positiewe aspek van die Organisasie se omgewingsbestuursisteem en bevorder volhoubare praktyke regdeur die Organisasie. Die Beleid spreek ook tot nasionale imperatiewe soos die Polokwane Verklaring. Die CSIR genereer afvalstrome ten opsigte van algemene kantoorafval (papier, blikkies, plastiek, glas, ens.), industriele afval (olie, ghries, metale, plastiek, ens.), sowel as gevaarlike afvalstowwe afkomstig van laboratoriums wat chemikalieë en biologies-gevaarlike materiaal insluit. Die “Zero-waste to Landfill”-Beleid fasiliteer en gee gestalte aan die Organisasie om hierdie doelwitte in die praktyk te bereik deur die ontwikkeling van inisiatiewe en sisteme. Die Beleid is ontwikkel met die doel om volhoubare oplossings te verskaf aan ‘n Organisasie soos die CSIR wat uiteindelik ekonomiese, sosiale en omgewingsvoordele sal inhou. Hierdie navorsing is gedoen om faktore wat die suksesvolle implementering van effektiewe afvalverminderings prosesse en programme by die CSIR beinvloed te ondersoek. Die aanbevelings sluit die volgende in: a) Die CSIR moet betrokke wees by volhoubare rapporteringsmetodes. b) Die CSIR moet aankoopmetodes implementeer wat volhoubaarheid ondersteun. c) Die CSIR moet verskeie innoverende metodes, tegnologie en materiale ondersoek wat gebruik kan word om die generering van afval te minimaliseer. d) Die CSIR moet intensiewe bewusmakingsveldtogte van stapel stuur.
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Damon, Lucille Tracy. "Municipal regulation of food and waste pickers on landfill sites in South Africa: what should municipalities (dis)allow?" University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6988.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe unemployment rate in South Africa is alarmingly high. In the year 2018, the unemployment rate was recorded at 27.2%. Many people are forced to do desperate, and even dangerous things in order to sustain themselves. This includes people going into landfills to collect recyclable materials to sell and look for a meal. Collecting and retailing recyclable waste has become an informal source of income for thousands of people in South Africa. Waste pickers are individuals whose survival largely depends on collecting, sorting and selling recyclable waste. Waste pickers are defined as people who “collect, sort and sell reusable and recyclable materials”. They embark on waste picking as a means of survival. Given the fact that informal waste management is not regulated by the government, waste pickers are left vulnerable to exploitation and hazardous working environments. Waste pickers are denied access to landfills by either private companies, where municipalities have outsourced this function, or by municipalities themselves. Depending on the management of the landfill, waste pickers could also potentially be faced with crime on landfills with gangsters robbing them of their recyclables and/or hard earned money.
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Njoku, Prince Obinna. "Estimation of the emissions of gases from a two landfill sites using the LandGEM and Afvalzorg models: Case study of the Weltervenden (Polokwane) and Thohoyandou landfills." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1249.
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MENVSCDepartment of Ecology and Resource Management
Over the years it has been observed that the solid waste sector has been an increasingly major contributor to the amount of Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. To some extent a great chunk of these GHGs in the atmosphere is from Landfill gas (LFG). This study employs two theoretical models (LandGEM and Afvalzorg models) to estimate the amount of LFG emitted from Weltervenden and Thohoyandou landfill sites located in Limpopo province of South Africa. Furthermore, the study investigated the appropriate technique of the LFG utilisation as a source of electricity and the number of households using electricity. LFGcost model was used to estimate the cost and benefits related to the implementation of a LFG utilisation technology. Also, the possible health and environmental impacts of the landfill emissions on the people living closer to the landfill site were determined. The LandGEM model’s simulation concludes that CH4 and CO2 peaked in the year 2020 with values of 3.323 × 103 Mg/year and 9.118 × 103 Mg/year, respectively, for the Thohoyandou landfill. Results from the Afvalzorg model indicate that the CH4 peaked in the year 2020 with value of 3.501 × 103 Mg/year. Meanwhile the total emission of CH4 from 2005-2040 by the LandGEM and Afvalzorg models are 66200 Mg/year and 69768 Mg/year, respectively. However, for the Weltervenden landfill, the total LFG peaked in the year 2023 while the CH4 peak at 4061 Mg/year and 3128 Mg/year for LandGEM and Afvalzorg models, respectively. Furthermore, results from the cost analysis and benefits for the implementation of a LFG utilisation technology in both landfills show that the implementation of such a utilisation technology will be economically feasible considering the sale of t CO2 equivalent in the carbon market. However, without considering the sales of t CO2 equivalent, not all the LFG engines are economically feasible for both landfills. This study also shows that the residents living closer to the Thohoyandou landfill are at a higher risk of environmental pollution and could suffer negative impacts from the landfill than residents living far from the landfill site. However, the Weltervenden landfill did not have lots of communities living closer to the landfill and therefore it was not included in this study.
NRF
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Geldenhuys, Lukas Marthinus Marais. "A comparative study of the Rooikraal and Marie-Louise landfill sites indicating differences in management strategies, and the consequences thereof on operational and management issues." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8451.
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M.A.(Geography)The prevention of environmental deterioration and the concept of sustainable development has become a major concern worldwide. However, increasingly affluent lifestyles along with continual commercial and industrial growth have led to the rapid increase in waste production (Renoua et al., 2008). The most common method of dealing with this production of waste is the disposal thereof by landfill, although this technique is widely viewed as unsustainable. Landfilling is critical to integrated waste management in South Africa due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness (Allen, 2001). Thus, there is a great need for environmentally acceptable landfill management practices. This research is primarily concerned with landfill management strategies and their effect on operational and management issues. A comparative analysis of the Marie Louise and Rooikraal landfill sites was carried out to distinguish differences in landfill management strategies and their outcome on operational and management issues. A concept, indicator, variable approach was used as comparative framework, while external audit reports, landfill management plans, and interviews were used as data sources identifying indicators and variables for analysis. Findings revealed that the Rooikraal landfill has been performing at a high standard, while the Marie Louise landfill has been underperforming due to a number of management failures. Factors that could have contributed to this failure include: external factors and its strain on effective management, capacity of local governments to deliver services with regard to waste management, issues surrounding co-operative governance, legal enforcement and compliance, and lack of control and awareness over landfill operations. These issues are direct consequences of landfill management and operation through municipal entities, making landfill management through municipal entities a key area of concern for effective landfill operations.
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Mnisi, Fannie. "Environmental risk assessment associated with unregulated landfills in the Albert Luthuli Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, RSA." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2274.
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Integrated management of municipal and hazardous waste is one of the challenges facing the new
municipalities in South Africa, especially those located in previously disadvantaged rural areas.
However, much of the research on solid and hazardous waste management in South Africa has
examined waste management problematics in urban areas, the majority of which are located within
the jurisdiction of local governments which are comparatively effective in terms of providing
adequate disposal services. By contrast, this study has examined the environmental risk
assessment associated with unregulated landfill sites in the Albert Luthuli municipality, in the
Mpumalanga province. The determination of the environmental risk was achieved by the use of
questionnaire surveys and landfill analysis forms in selected study areas.
The findings have highlighted a very high environmental risk, nearly four times and above, the
threshold limits set by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT, 2005:15) for
all of the landfill sites examined. Several exposure pathways stemming from associated
environmental impacts have also been identified for the study. The higher environmental risk
determined for the problem sites is ascribed to numerous factors, including their ill-planned
location, the sensitivity and vulnerability of the natural environment and adjacent rural settlements,
the lack of appropriate waste pre-treatment processes prior to disposal, and most significantly, the
lack of regulatory and control measures to contain the myriad of environmental problems
generated. In conclusion, it is recommended that several measures (including closure) should be
taken in order to reduce and contain the magnitude of environmental risks involved.Environmental Sciences
M.Sc.(Environmental Sciences)
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Bhailall, Shaazia. "Landfills gas emissions and the associated air quality, energy and climate change implications in South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21210.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2016.Global methane (CH4) emissions are divided mostly into three sources; biogenic, thermogenic and pyrogenic. The sources can be anthropogenic or natural in origin. Anthropogenic sources include emissions associated with agriculture (rice paddies and ruminants), waste (landfill and waste water), biomass burning and fossil fuels. Landfills have been implicated as one of the largest anthropogenic sources of atmospheric CH4 globally and as a significant contributor to global warming. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report anthropogenic sources account for 304 – 368 TgCH4/year and methanogenesis in landfills and waste contributes between 67 and 90 TgCH4/year to this amount (between 22 and 24% of emissions).
GR2016
Book chapters on the topic "Landfills – South Africa"
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Mutezo, Gamuchirai, Jean Mulopo, and Dumisani Chirambo. "Climate Change Adaptation: Opportunities for Increased Material Recycling Facilities in African Cities." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 849–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_61.
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AbstractAfrica’s urban morphology is expected to develop at a steady rate between 2020 and 2050. Population growth, rising urbanization rates, growing energy consumption, and industrialization are only a few of the reasons causing these changes. Likewise, waste production is projected to rise from 125 million tons in 2012 to 244 million tons annually by 2025. Around 60.0% and 80.0% of African waste is made up of organic material, which is a viable methane source. Fly tipping, free disposal, landfilling, and incineration have been used as a large-scale waste treatment system in most African cities. However, with the anticipated morphological changes, these solutions are no longer viable in the future due to lack of airspace, availability of urban land for new landfill sites, and concerns over carbon emissions. This chapter discusses the potential for improved adoption of material recycling facilities (MRF) in urban environments as an incentive to support waste diversion from landfills, decentralize waste separation activities, and increase the transformation of waste materials into valuable raw materials. A case study is discussed for Ethiopia, Ghana, and South Africa with the goal of explaining current processes, urban planning initiatives required for greater implementation, and how they can be interpreted as adaptation initiatives.
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Maphuhla, Nontobeko Gloria, Adebola O. Oyedeji, Francis Bayo Lewu, Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji, and Muinat Nike Lewu. "Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Plant, Soil and Water from Municipal Landfill in Alice, South Africa." In Chemistry for a Clean and Healthy Planet, 247–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20283-5_15.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki, Ednah Kwamboka Onyari, Shivani Mishra, and Megersa Olumana Dinka. "Waste Management in South Africa." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 327–51. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0198-6.ch014.
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Solid waste management (SWM) is a challenge in developing countries such as the Republic of South Africa (RSA). This book chapter highlights the drivers and state of SWM in RSA and suggests alternatives to make solid waste a resource. The SWM strategy of the country has a role in pushing waste up its hierarchy towards minimal generation, reuse, and recycling through extended producer responsibility and economic instruments. However, the lack of an all-inclusive planning and management has challenged the success of these initiatives. In recognition of these flaws, the private sector is teaming up with the government and individuals to bridge service and value chains in sustainable SWM by formalising waste pickers, initiating waste-to-energy initiatives, promoting recycling at all stages of the waste cycle, and adopting practices that divert wastes from landfills. These initiatives if taken up will promote better economic turnover through the production of alternative energy, environmental conservation, and creation of employment opportunities in RSA.
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Edokpayi, Joshua N., Olatunde S. Durowoju, and John O. Odiyo. "Assessment of Heavy Metals in Landfill Leachate: A Case Study of Thohoyandou Landfill, Limpopo Province, South Africa." In Heavy Metals. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74009.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Landfills – South Africa"
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Schenck, Catherina, Phillip Blaauw, Jacoba Viljoen, and Elizabeth Swart. "MANAGING LANDFILLS AND WASTE PICKERS ON THEM IN SOUTH AFRICA: TOWARD RECOGNITION, ACCESS AND DIGNITY." In 38th International Academic Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.038.037.
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Kadama, F. R. Kizza. "A logistics framework to reduce the number of landfills in the North West province of South Africa." In Sustainability Today. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st110401.
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Dowling, M., S. Kibaara, S. Chowdhury, and S. P. Chowdhury. "Economic feasibility analysis of electricity generation from landfill gas in South Africa." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powercon.2012.6401430.
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Sewchurran, Sanjeeth, and Innocent E. Davidson. "Optimisation and financial viability of landfill gas to electricity projects in south africa." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2016.7884391.
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Sekgoele, K., S. P. Chowdhury, and S. Chowdhury. "Technical and economic assessment of power generation from landfill gas in South Africa." In 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039174.
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Mbav, W. Nguz, S. Chowdhury, and S. P. Chowdhury. "Feasibility and cost optimization study of Landfill Gas to Energy Projects based on a Western Cape Landfill Site in South Africa." In 2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec.2012.6398679.
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Moolla, R., S. K. Valsamakis, C. J. Curtis, and S. J. Piketh. "Occupational health risk assessment of benzene and toluene at a landfill site in Johannesburg, South Africa." In SAFE 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/safe130631.
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ROFFE, SARAH, RAEESA MOOLLA, and STEFAN GRAB. "THE INFLUENCE OF BTEX LANDFILL GAS EMISSIONS: A CASE STUDY OF RESIDENTS IN ROODEPOORT, GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170151.
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