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Academic literature on the topic 'Landmark'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Landmark"

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Zhong, Xu, Yu Zhou, and Hanyu Liu. "Design and recognition of artificial landmarks for reliable indoor self-localization of mobile robots." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 172988141769348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417693489.

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This article presents a self-localization scheme for indoor mobile robot navigation based on reliable design and recognition of artificial visual landmarks. Each landmark is patterned with a set of concentric circular rings in black and white, which reliably encodes the landmark’s identity under environmental illumination. A mobile robot in navigation uses an onboard camera to capture landmarks in the environment. The landmarks in an image are detected and identified using a bilayer recognition algorithm: A global recognition process initially extracts candidate landmark regions across the whole image and tries to identify enough landmarks; if necessary, a local recognition process locally enhances those unidentified regions of interest influenced by illumination and incompleteness and reidentifies them. The recognized landmarks are used to estimate the position and orientation of the onboard camera in the environment, based on the geometric relationship between the image and environmental frames. The experiments carried out in a real indoor environment show high robustness of the proposed landmark design and recognition scheme to the illumination condition, which leads to reliable and accurate mobile robot localization.

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Gerard, Ian J., Jeffery A. Hall, Kelvin Mok, and D. Louis Collins. "New Protocol for Skin Landmark Registration in Image-Guided Neurosurgery: Technical Note." Operative Neurosurgery 11, no. 3 (June 26, 2015): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000868.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Newer versions of the commercial Medtronic StealthStation allow the use of only 8 landmark pairs for patient-to-image registration as opposed to 9 landmarks in older systems. The choice of which landmark pair to drop in these newer systems can have an effect on the quality of the patient-to-image registration. OBJECTIVE To investigate 4 landmark registration protocols based on 8 landmark pairs and compare the resulting registration accuracy with a 9-landmark protocol. METHODS Four different protocols were tested on both phantoms and patients. Two of the protocols involved using 4 ear landmarks and 4 facial landmarks and the other 2 involved using 3 ear landmarks and 5 facial landmarks. Both the fiducial registration error and target registration error were evaluated for each of the different protocols to determine any difference between them and the 9-landmark protocol. RESULTS No difference in fiducial registration error was found between any of the 8-landmark protocols and the 9-landmark protocol. A significant decrease (P < .05) in target registration error was found when using a protocol based on 4 ear landmarks and 4 facial landmarks compared with the other protocols based on 3 ear landmarks. CONCLUSION When using 8 landmarks to perform the patient-to-image registration, the protocol using 4 ear landmarks and 4 facial landmarks greatly outperformed the other 8-landmark protocols and 9-landmark protocol, resulting in the lowest target registration error.

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Yu, Seung-Eun, Changmin Lee, and DaeEun Kim. "Analyzing the effect of landmark vectors in homing navigation." Adaptive Behavior 20, no. 5 (June 19, 2012): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712312449543.

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The development of an autonomous navigating robot is a challenging task. Motivated by the performance of insects successfully returning to the nest, researchers have studied bio-inspired navigation algorithms for their potential use in mobile robots. In this paper, we analyze landmark-based approaches, especially Distance Estimated Landmark Vector (DELV), Average Correctional Vector and Average Landmark Vector methods, that use landmark vectors for visible environmental landmarks. We evaluated the homing performance of various landmark vector methods with surrounding landmarks under occlusion and found that the occluded or missing landmarks have a significant influence on the performance. We also developed a landmark vector algorithm with a visual compass that uses only retinal images without a reference compass. From our experimental results, we conclude that the DELV shows robust homing navigation performance with missing or occluded landmarks among landmark vector methods.

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Nguyen, Xuan-Ha, Van-Huy Nguyen, and Thanh-Tung Ngo. "A New Landmark Detection Approach for Slam Algorithm Applied in Mobile Robot." Journal of Science and Technology - Technical Universities 30.7, no. 146 (November 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/30.7.6.

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Simultaneous Localization and Mapping is a key technique for mobile robot applications and has received much research effort over the last three decades. A precondition for a robust and life-long landmark-based SLAM algorithm is the stable and reliable landmark detector. However, traditional methods are based on laserbased data which are believed very unstable, especially in dynamic-changing environments. In this work, we introduce a new landmark detection approach using vision-based data. Based on this approach, we exploit a deep neural network for processing images from a stereo camera system installed on mobile robots. Two deep neural network models named YOLOv3 and PSMNet were re-trained and used to perform the landmark detection and landmark localization, respectively. The landmark’s information is associated with the landmark data through tracking and filtering algorithm. The obtained results show that our method can detect and localize landmarks with high stability and accuracy, which are validated by laser-based measurement data. This approach has opened a new research direction toward a robust and life-long SLAM algorithm.

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Yin, Meijuan, Wen Yang, Xiaonan Liu, and Xiangyang Luo. "Evaluator: A Multilevel Decision Approach for Web-Based Landmark Evaluation." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843188.

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Street-level landmarks are an important basis for street-level IP geolocation, and the web-based landmark is one of the main sources of street-level landmarks. Considering the existing street-level landmark evaluation methods having low accuracy and strict constraints, this paper analyses the causes and evaluation idea of invalid web-based candidate landmarks and proposes Evaluator, a web-based landmark evaluation approach. Evaluator adopts the idea of the decision tree to filter invalid landmarks layer by layer and comprehensively estimates the quantitative reliability of candidate landmarks with public data and services to obtain reliable landmarks. This paper proposes the domain name system (DNS) distributed query algorithm to effectively resolve all IP addresses of a domain name, which provides data support for Evaluator to filter candidate landmarks. Meanwhile, this paper also proposes a reverse verification algorithm to obtain all domain names of an IP address, which provides an important reference to calculate the reliability of a reliable landmark. In addition, gradient descent is used to assess the parameters of the reliability estimating model, which effectively improves the robustness of Evaluator. Experiments show that reliable landmarks from Evaluator reduce the geolocation error of 100 targets in Hong Kong from 7.30 km to 3.91 km, compared with the landmark verifying method (LVM), one of the latest web-based landmark evaluation methods. Moreover, Evaluator significantly improves the evaluation coverage based on the same geolocation accuracy with street-level landmark evaluation (SLE), one of the latest landmark evaluation methods.

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Suriyampola, Piyumika S., and Perri K. Eason. "A field study investigating effects of landmarks on territory size and shape." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2014): 20140009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0009.

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Few studies have examined how landmarks affect territories' fundamental characteristics. In this field study, we investigated effects of landmarks on territory size, shape and location in a cichlid fish ( Amatitlania siquia ). We provided cans as breeding sites and used plastic plants as landmarks. During 10 min trials, we recorded locations where residents chased intruders and used those locations to outline and measure the territory. In two experiments, we observed pairs without landmarks and with either a point landmark (one plant) or linear landmark (four plants) placed near the nest can. We alternated which trial occurred first and performed the second trial 24 h after the first. Territories were approximately round without landmarks or with a point landmark but were significantly more elongated when we added a linear landmark. Without landmarks, nests were centrally located; however, with any landmark, pairs set territory boundaries closer to the landmark and thus the nest. Territory size was significantly reduced in the presence of any landmark. This reduction suggests that a smaller territory with well-defined boundaries has greater benefits than a larger territory with less well-defined borders.

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Chimlek, Sutasinee, and Punpiti Piamsa-nga. "Incremental Tag Suggestion for Landmark Image Collections." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.8540.

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In recent social media applications, descriptive information is collected through user tagging, such as face recognition, and automatic environment sensing, such as GPS. There are many applications that recognize landmarks using information gathered from GPS data. However, GPS is dependent on the location of the camera, not the landmark. In this research, we propose an automatic landmark tagging scheme using secondary regions to distinguish between similar landmarks. We propose two algorithms: 1) landmark tagging by secondary objects and 2) automatic new landmark recognition. Images of 30 famous landmarks from various public databases were used in our experiment. Results show increments of tagged areas and the improvement of landmark tagging accuracy.

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Chimlek, Sutasinee, and Punpiti Piamsa-nga. "Incremental Tag Suggestion for Landmark Image Collections." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.pp139-150.

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In recent social media applications, descriptive information is collected through user tagging, such as face recognition, and automatic environment sensing, such as GPS. There are many applications that recognize landmarks using information gathered from GPS data. However, GPS is dependent on the location of the camera, not the landmark. In this research, we propose an automatic landmark tagging scheme using secondary regions to distinguish between similar landmarks. We propose two algorithms: 1) landmark tagging by secondary objects and 2) automatic new landmark recognition. Images of 30 famous landmarks from various public databases were used in our experiment. Results show increments of tagged areas and the improvement of landmark tagging accuracy.

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Song, Min Sun, Seong-Oh Kim, Ik-Hwan Kim, Chung-min Kang, and Je Seon Song. "Accuracy of Automatic Cephalometric Analysis Programs on Lateral Cephalograms of Preadolescent Children." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 48, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2021.48.3.245.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3 different automatic landmark identification programs on lateral cephalgrams and the clinical acceptability in pediatric dentistry. Sixty digital cephalometric radiographs of 7 to 12 years old healthy children were randomly selected. Fourteen landmarks were chosen for assessment and the mean of 3 measurements of each landmark by a single examiner was defined as the baseline landmarks. The mean difference between an automatically identified landmark and the baseline landmark was measured for each landmark on each image. The total mean difference of 3 automatic programs compared to the baseline landmarks were 2.53 ± 1.63 mm. Errors among 3 programs were not significantly different for 12 of 14 landmarks except Orbitale and Gonion. The automatic landmark identification programs showed significant higher mean detection errors than the manual method. The programs couldn’t be used as the 1st tool to replace human examiners. But considering short consuming time, these results indicate that all 3 programs have sufficient validity to be used in pediatric dental clinic.

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Li, X,, X. Q. Wu, Z. H. Yin, and J. Shen. "THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL FAMILIARITY ON THE LANDMARK SALIENCE SENSIBILITY IN PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-83-2017.

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To contribute to a more effective design of landmark navigation guidance, this paper is concerned with the relationship between the spatial familiarity and landmark salience, which includes visual, semantic and structural attributes. The link of those two is the subjective judgment of users, which is called landmark salience sensibility. In order to explore the influence of spatial familiarity on the landmark salience sensibility, we selected two types of experimental area including campus and commercial district and four groups of experimental subject with different spatial familiarity degree. After the whole walking process, subjects are asked to draw a navigation sketch for themselves. Depending on the landmarks remaining in the sketch, we calculated the three attributes of the mean landmark salience to represent the landmark salience sensibility of each group for both paths. The result shows that with the increase of spatial familiarity, the landmark salience sensitivity is gradually reduced and the ascending order of attention degree to the attributes of the landmark salience is visual, semantic and structural salience. This conclusion is supportive to the study of landmark extraction and pedestrian guidance. Because the outdoor landmarks are analysed, we propose that in the future indoor landmarks are needed to be concerned.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Landmark"

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Lim, Meng How. "Landmark guided forwarding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614273.

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Parast, Layla. "Landmark Prediction of Survival." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10085.

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The importance of developing personalized risk prediction estimates has become increasingly evident in recent years. In general, patient populations may be heterogenous and represent a mixture of different unknown subtypes of disease. When the source of this heterogeneity and resulting subtypes of disease are unknown, accurate prediction of survival may be difficult. However, in certain disease settings the onset time of an observable intermediate event may be highly associated with these unknown subtypes of disease and thus may be useful in predicting long term survival. Throughout this dissertation, we examine an approach to incorporate intermediate event information for the prediction of long term survival: the landmark model. In Chapter 1, we use the landmark modeling framework to develop procedures to assess how a patient’s long term survival trajectory may change over time given good intermediate outcome indications along with prognosis based on baseline markers. We propose time-varying accuracy measures to quantify the predictive performance of landmark prediction rules for residual life and provide resampling-based procedures to make inference about such accuracy measures. We illustrate our proposed procedures using a breast cancer dataset. In Chapter 2, we aim to incorporate intermediate event time information for the prediction of survival. We propose a fully non-parametric procedure to incorporate intermediate event information when only a single baseline discrete covariate is available for prediction. When a continuous covariate or multiple covariates are available, we propose to incorporate intermediate event time information using a flexible varying coefficient model. To evaluate the performance of the resulting landmark prediction rule and quantify the information gained by using the intermediate event, we use robust non-parametric procedures. We illustrate these procedures using a dataset of post-dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. In Chapter 3, we consider improving efficiency by incorporating intermediate event information in a randomized clinical trial setting. We propose a semi-nonparametric two-stage procedure to estimate survival by incorporating intermediate event information observed before the landmark time. In addition, we present a testing procedure using these resulting estimates to test for a difference in survival between two treatment groups. We illustrate these proposed procedures using an AIDS dataset.

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Barba, Ferrer Pere. "Multiview Landmark Detection forIdentity-Preserving Alignment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142475.

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Face recognition is a fundamental task in computer vision and has been an important field of study for many years. Its importance in activities such as face recognition and classification, 3D animation, virtual modelling or biomedicine makes it a top-demanded activity, but finding accurate solutions still represents a great challenge nowadays. This report presents a unified process for automatically extract a set of face landmarks and remove all differences related to pose, expression and environment by bringing faces to a neutral pose-centred state. Landmark detection is based on a multiple viewpoint Pictorial Structure model, which specifies first, a part for each landmark we want to extract, second a tree structure to constraint its position within the face geometry and third, multiple trees to model differences due the orientation. In this report we address both the problem of how to find a set of landmarks from a model and the problem of training such a model from a set of labelled examples. We show how such a model successfully captures a great range of deformations needing far less training examples than common commercial face detectors. The alignment process basically aims to remove differences between multiple faces so they all can be analysed under the same criteria. It is carried out with Thin-plate Splines to adjust the detected set of landmarks to the desired configuration. With this method we assure smooth interpolations while the subject identity is preserved by modifying the original extracted configuration of parts and creating a generic distribution with the help of a reference face dataset. We present results of our algorithms both in a constrained environment and in the challenging LFPW face database. Successful outcomes are shown that prove our method to be a solid process for unitedly recognise and warp faces in the wild and to be on a par with other state-of-the-art procedures.
Ansiktsigenkänning är en grundläggande uppgift inom datorseende och har varit ett viktigt område för forskning i många år. Dess betydelse i områden som ansiktsigenkänning och klassificering, 3D-animering, virtuell modellering eller biomedicin gör det till en verksamhet med hög efterfrågan. Att hitta precisa lösningar utgör fortfarande en stor utmaning idag. Denna rapport presenterar en enhetlig process för att automatiskt extrahera en uppsättning ansiktslandmärken och ta bort alla skillnader relaterade till posering, uttryck och miljö genom att ta ansiktet till ett neutralcentrerat poseringstillstånd. Landmärksdetektering baseras på en bildmässig strukturmodell med multipel synvinkel som först anger en del för varje landmärke som ska extraheras, och sen en trädstruktur där positionen sparas därefter skapas multipla trädmodeller för att modellera skillnader på grund av olika riktningar. I denna rapport behandlas både problemet med hur man hittar en uppsättning landmärken från en modell och problemet med att träna en sådan modell från en uppsättning märkta exempel. Vi visar hur en sådan modell framgångsrikt fångar ett stort utbud av formändringar där betydligt mindre träningsexempel behövs än för vanliga kommersiella ansiktsdetektorer. Inriktningsprocessen syftar huvudsakligen till att upphäva skillnaderna mellan flera ansikten så att de alla kan analyseras enligt samma kriterier. För att justera den detekterade uppsättning landmärken används en splineinterpolation till den önskade konfigurationen. Denna metod ger en dämpad interpolation medan objektets identitet bevaras. Vi presenterar resultaten av våra algoritmer både i en begränsad miljö och i utmanande LFPW face-databas. Goda resultat visar att vår metod är en bra process för enigt erkänna och förvränga ansikten i en obegränsad miljö och att vara i nivå med andra state-of-the-art förfaranden.

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Innes, Andrew, and andrew innes@defence gov au. "Genetic Programming for Cephalometric Landmark Detection." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080221.123310.

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The domain of medical imaging analysis has burgeoned in recent years due to the availability and affordability of digital radiographic imaging equipment and associated algorithms and, as such, there has been significant activity in the automation of the medical diagnostic process. One such process, cephalometric analysis, is manually intensive and it can take an experienced orthodontist thirty minutes to analyse one radiology image. This thesis describes an approach, based on genetic programming, neural networks and machine learning, to automate this process. A cephalometric analysis involves locating a number of points in an X-ray and determining the linear and angular relationships between them. If the points can be located accurately enough, the rest of the analysis is straightforward. The investigative steps undertaken were as follows: Firstly, a previously published method, which was claimed to be domain independent, was implemented and tested on a selection of landmarks, ranging from easy to very difficult. These included the menton, upper lip, incisal upper incisor, nose tip and sella landmarks. The method used pixel values, and pixel statistics (mean and standard deviation) of pre-determined regions as inputs to a genetic programming detector. This approach proved unsatisfactory and the second part of the investigation focused on alternative handcrafted features sets and fitness measures. This proved to be much more successful and the third part of the investigation involved using pulse coupled neural networks to replace the handcrafted features with learned ones. The fourth and final stage involved an analysis of the evolved programs to determine whether reasonable algorithms had been evolved and not just random artefacts learnt from the training images. A significant finding from the investigative steps was that the new domain independent approach, using pulse coupled neural networks and genetic programming to evolve programs, was as good as or even better than one using the handcrafted features. The advantage of this finding is that little domain knowledge is required, thus obviating the requirement to manually generate handcrafted features. The investigation revealed that some of the easy landmarks could be found with 100\% accuracy while the accuracy of finding the most difficult ones was around 78\%. An extensive analysis of evolved programs revealed underlying regularities that were captured during the evolutionary process. Even though the evolutionary process took different routes and a diverse range of programs was evolved, many of the programs with an acceptable detection rate implemented algorithms with similar characteristics. The major outcome of this work is that the method described in this thesis could be used as the basis of an automated system. The orthodontist would be required to manually correct a few errors before completing the analysis.

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Pevehouse, James Melvin. "Landmark Baptists ecclesiology can affect soteriology /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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余智浩 and Chi-ho Yu. "Landmark to Tai Wai (Shatin) Community." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984320.

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Park, Chi-youn 1981. "Consonant landmark detection for speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44905.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-197).
This thesis focuses on the detection of abrupt acoustic discontinuities in the speech signal, which constitute landmarks for consonant sounds. Because a large amount of phonetic information is concentrated near acoustic discontinuities, more focused speech analysis and recognition can be performed based on the landmarks. Three types of consonant landmarks are defined according to its characteristics -- glottal vibration, turbulence noise, and sonorant consonant -- so that the appropriate analysis method for each landmark point can be determined. A probabilistic knowledge-based algorithm is developed in three steps. First, landmark candidates are detected and their landmark types are classified based on changes in spectral amplitude. Next, a bigram model describing the physiologically-feasible sequences of consonant landmarks is proposed, so that the most likely landmark sequence among the candidates can be found. Finally, it has been observed that certain landmarks are ambiguous in certain sets of phonetic and prosodic contexts, while they can be reliably detected in other contexts. A method to represent the regions where the landmarks are reliably detected versus where they are ambiguous is presented. On TIMIT test set, 91% of all the consonant landmarks and 95% of obstruent landmarks are located as landmark candidates. The bigram-based process for determining the most likely landmark sequences yields 12% deletion and substitution rates and a 15% insertion rate. An alternative representation that distinguishes reliable and ambiguous regions can detect 92% of the landmarks and 40% of the landmarks are judged to be reliable. The deletion rate within reliable regions is as low as 5%.
(cont.) The resulting landmark sequences form a basis for a knowledge-based speech recognition system since the landmarks imply broad phonetic classes of the speech signal and indicate the points of focus for estimating detailed phonetic information. In addition, because the reliable regions generally correspond to lexical stresses and word boundaries, it is expected that the landmarks can guide the focus of attention not only at the phoneme-level, but at the phrase-level as well.
by Chiyoun Park.
Ph.D.

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Miao, Yufan. "Landmark Detection for Mobile Eye Tracking." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301499.

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Mobile eye tracking studies in urban environments can provide important insights into several processes of human behavior, ranging from wayfinding to human-environment interaction. The analysis of this kind of eye tracking data are based on a semi-manual or even sometimes completely manual process, consuming immense post-processing time. In this thesis, we propose an approach based on computer vision methods that allows fully automatic analysis of eye tracking data, captured in an urban environment. We present our approach, as well as the results of three experiments that were conducted in order to evaluate the robustness of the system in open, as well as in narrow spaces. Furthermore, we give directions towards computation time optimization in order to achieve analysis on the fly of the captured eye tracking data, opening the way for human-environment interaction in real time.

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Yu, Chi-ho. "Landmark to Tai Wai (Shatin) Community." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949330.

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Zhou, Qiang. "Generalized Landmark Recognition in Robot Navigation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103304261.

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Books on the topic "Landmark"

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Cohn, Stephen M., and Peter Rhee, eds. 50 Landmark Papers. Boca : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429316944.

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1963-, Ilagha Nengi, ed. The landmark speeches. Yenagoa [Nigeria]: Office of the Speech Writer to the Executive Governor of Bayelsa State, 2001.

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Charlotte, Haslam, and Landmark Trust, eds. The Landmark handbook. Maidenhead: Landmark Trust, 1995.

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usa. The Landmark Herodotus. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009.

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Trust, Landmark, ed. The Landmark handbook. Shottesbrooke: Landmark Trust, 1987.

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Landmark (Landmark Advanced). Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Landmark (Landmark Advanced). Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Date, Olivia, Mike Sayer, and Simon Haines. Landmark (Landmark Advanced). Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Landmark (Landmark Advanced). Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Landmark Puerto Rico (Landmark Visitors Guides) (Landmark Visitors Guides). Landmark Publishing, Incorporated, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Landmark"

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Spetch, Marcia L. "Landmark." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 3844–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_866.

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Spetch, Marcia L. "Landmark." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_866-1.

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Adhya, Anirban, and Philip D. Plowright. "Landmark." In Urban Design Made by Humans, 96–99. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254935-32.

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van Niekerk, Mathilda. "Landmark." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 533. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_653.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Landmark Proximity." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 609. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_682.

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Fahmy, Mohamed. "Umbilical Landmark." In Umbilicus and Umbilical Cord, 109–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62383-2_23.

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Vergara-Irigaray, Nuria, Michèle Riesen, Gianluca Piazza, Lawrence F. Bronk, Wouter H. P. Driessen, Julianna K. Edwards, Wadih Arap, et al. "Landmark Detection." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1192. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100339.

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Bogre, Michelle, and Nancy Wolff. "Landmark Case." In The Routledge Companion to Copyright and Creativity in the 21st Century, 111–13. New York, NY; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315658445-15.

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Bogre, Michelle, and Nancy Wolff. "Landmark Case." In The Routledge Companion to Copyright and Creativity in the 21st Century, 163–66. New York, NY; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315658445-22.

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Bogre, Michelle, and Nancy Wolff. "Landmark Case." In The Routledge Companion to Copyright and Creativity in the 21st Century, 230–31. New York, NY; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315658445-30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Landmark"

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Li, Jinpeng, Haibo Jin, Shengcai Liao, Ling Shao, and Pheng-Ann Heng. "RePFormer: Refinement Pyramid Transformer for Robust Facial Landmark Detection." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/152.

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This paper presents a Refinement Pyramid Transformer (RePFormer) for robust facial landmark detection. Most facial landmark detectors focus on learning representative image features. However, these CNN-based feature representations are not robust enough to handle complex real-world scenarios due to ignoring the internal structure of landmarks, as well as the relations between landmarks and context. In this work, we formulate the facial landmark detection task as refining landmark queries along pyramid memories. Specifically, a pyramid transformer head (PTH) is introduced to build both homologous relations among landmarks and heterologous relations between landmarks and cross-scale contexts. Besides, a dynamic landmark refinement (DLR) module is designed to decompose the landmark regression into an end-to-end refinement procedure, where the dynamically aggregated queries are transformed to residual coordinates predictions. Extensive experimental results on four facial landmark detection benchmarks and their various subsets demonstrate the superior performance and high robustness of our framework.

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Liu, Hanyu, Xu Zhong, and Yu Zhou. "Design and Robust Recognition of Omnidirectional Landmarks for Indoor Mobile Robot Positioning." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12256.

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In this paper, we present an omnidirectional artificial landmark model and a robust artificial landmark recognition algorithm for indoor mobile robot positioning. The landmark model encodes identities with nested circles in black and white, which provides stable edge response and enables strong tolerance to various lighting conditions and perspective distortions. The corresponding positioning system uses a single upward-facing webcam as the vision sensor to capture landmarks. To address the effect of the lighting and sensing noise, the topological contour analysis is applied to detect landmarks, and the dynamic illumination adjustment is used to assist landmark recognition. Based on the landmark recognition, the absolute position of the camera in the environment is estimated using a trilateration algorithm. The landmark model and positioning system are tested with a mobile robot in a real indoor environment. The results show that the purposed technique provides autonomous indoor positioning for mobile robots with high robustness and consistency.

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Yin, Shi, Shangfei Wang, Guozhu Peng, Xiaoping Chen, and Bowen Pan. "Capturing Spatial and Temporal Patterns for Facial Landmark Tracking through Adversarial Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/142.

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The spatial and temporal patterns inherent in facial feature points are crucial for facial landmark tracking, but have not been thoroughly explored yet. In this paper, we propose a novel deep adversarial framework to explore the shape and temporal dependencies from both appearance level and target label level. The proposed deep adversarial framework consists of a deep landmark tracker and a discriminator. The deep landmark tracker is composed of a stacked Hourglass network as well as a convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory network, and thus implicitly capture spatial and temporal patterns from facial appearance for facial landmark tracking. The discriminator is adopted to distinguish the tracked facial landmarks from ground truth ones. It explicitly models shape and temporal dependencies existing in ground truth facial landmarks through another convolutional neural network and another long short-term memory network. The deep landmark tracker and the discriminator compete with each other. Through adversarial learning, the proposed deep adversarial landmark tracking approach leverages inherent spatial and temporal patterns to facilitate facial landmark tracking from both appearance level and target label level. Experimental results on two benchmark databases demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach to state-of-the-art work.

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Li, Yaojun, Quan Pan, Chunhui Zhao, Feng Yang, and Yongmei Cheng. "Dynamic Key-Frame Based Airborne Scene Matching Vision Navigation." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48954.

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In order to develop a backup navigation scheme for allowing temporally GPS faults or degradations, this paper proposes a dynamic key-frame-based natural-landmark scene matching visual navigation method for UAV. Firstly, this method could autonomously describe and check featured natural landmarks by analyzing image sequence from on-board camera. Secondly, After abstraction of key-frames including featured natural landmark, UAV will be located by the means of NLSM (Natural-Landmark Scene Matching) which based on dynamic key-frame. Thirdly, this navigation scheme adopt inter-frame scene matching algorithm in order to improving the navigation performance of accuracy, reliability and runtime. Experiments show that the vision navigation scheme proposed fits the requirements of navigation in complex and unknown environment for UAV.

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Trempe, Robert. "Landmark status." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Art Gallery. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1667265.1667294.

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Baraldi, Andrea, Francesco Del Buono, Matteo Paganelli, and Francesco Guerra. "Landmark Explanation." In CIKM '21: The 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481981.

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Sun, Pu, Yuezun Li, Honggang Qi, and Siwei Lyu. "Landmark Breaker: Obstructing DeepFake By Disturbing Landmark Extraction." In 2020 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wifs49906.2020.9360910.

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Ibragimov, Bulat, Bostjan Likar, Franjo Pernus, and Tomaz Vrtovec. "Accurate landmark-based segmentation by incorporating landmark misdetections." In 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2016). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2016.7493451.

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Wang, Bingyu, Sivakumar Rathinam, Rajnikant Sharma, and Kaarthik Sundar. "Algorithms for Localization and Routing of Unmanned Vehicles in GPS-Denied Environments." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-8949.

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A majority of the routing algorithms for unmanned aerial or ground vehicles rely on Global Positioning System (GPS) information for localization. However, disruption of GPS signals, by intention or otherwise, can render these algorithms ineffective. This article provides a way to address this issue by utilizing landmarks to aid localization in GPS-denied environments. Specifically, given a number of vehicles and a set of targets, we formulate a joint routing and landmark placement problem as a combinatorial optimization problem: to compute paths for the vehicles that traverse every target at least once, and to place landmarks to aid the vehicles in localization while each of them traverses its route, such that the sum of the traveling cost and the landmark placement cost is minimized. A mixed-integer linear program is presented, and a set of algorithms and heuristics are proposed for different approaches to address certain issues not covered by the linear program. The performance of each proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared through extensive computational and simulation results.

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Farrokhsiar, Morteza, and Homayoun Najjaran. "Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter Approach to Monocular vSLAM With a Modified Initialization Scheme." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87610.

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This paper presents a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) approach with a modified undelayed initialization scheme to solve the 3D visual SLAM problem (vSLAM) using a single camera. In the proposed method, landmarks are initialized using the inverse depth of the landmarks rather than the traditional use of their depths. In this scheme, there is no need to distinguish between partially and fully initialized landmarks. Once the landmarks are properly initialized, the RBPF enhances the estimation of the robot path and landmark location using bearing-only information obtained from a camera. The results of numerical simulations and experiments with a video clip have been included in this paper to verify the performance of the proposed approach.

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Reports on the topic "Landmark"

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Lazanas, Anthony, and Jean-Claude Latombe. Landmark-Based Robot Navigation,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326022.

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Rehm, Maximilien Xavier. Reevaluating Japan’s landmark foreign worker reforms. East Asia Forum, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1715724000.

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Widing, M. A. Route and landmark selection tool (RULST) : user's manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/795066.

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Deller, J. R., Nayeri Jr., Liu M., and M. S. Unifying the Landmark Developments in Optimal Bounding Ellipsoid Identification. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253502.

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Bair, Edward T. Defense Acquisition Reform: Behind the Rhetoric of Reform . Landmark Commissions Lessons Learned. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288662.

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Knierim, James J., Hemant S. Kudrimoti, and Bruce L. McNaughton. Hippocampal Place Fields, the Internal Compass, and the Learning of Landmark Stability,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada289406.

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Dasgupta, Shoumita. DNA Replication: A Case Discussion of a Landmark Paper by Meselson and Stahl. Genetics Society of America Peer-Reviewed Education Portal (GSA PREP), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/gsaprep.2013.006.

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Manson, G. K., and J. Bastick. Mapping and monitoring activities in the Pingo Canadian Landmark, Tuktoyaktuk area, NWT, 2004-2005. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222402.

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Tooker, Megan, and Adam Smith. Historic landscape management plan for the Fort Huachuca Historic District National Historic Landmark and supplemental areas. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41025.

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The U.S. Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) to provide guidelines and requirements for preserving tangible elements of our nation’s past. This preservation was done primarily through creation of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which contains requirements for federal agencies to address, inventory, and evaluate their cultural resources, and to determine the effect of federal undertakings on properties deemed eligible or potentially eligible for the NRHP. This work inventoried and evaluated the historic landscapes within the National Landmark District at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. A historic landscape context was developed; an inventory of all landscapes and landscape features within the historic district was completed; and these landscapes and features were evaluated using methods established in the Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluating Historic Military Landscapes (ERDC-CERL 2008) and their significance and integrity were determined. Photographic and historic documentation was completed for significant landscapes. Lastly, general management recommendations were provided to help preserve and/or protect these resources in the future.

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Chang, Ke-Vin. Comparison of Ultrasound Versus Landmark Guided Injections for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Protocol for An Umbrella Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.5.0055.

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