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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Landmark'
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Lim, Meng How. "Landmark guided forwarding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614273.
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Parast, Layla. "Landmark Prediction of Survival." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10085.
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The importance of developing personalized risk prediction estimates has become increasingly evident in recent years. In general, patient populations may be heterogenous and represent a mixture of different unknown subtypes of disease. When the source of this heterogeneity and resulting subtypes of disease are unknown, accurate prediction of survival may be difficult. However, in certain disease settings the onset time of an observable intermediate event may be highly associated with these unknown subtypes of disease and thus may be useful in predicting long term survival. Throughout this dissertation, we examine an approach to incorporate intermediate event information for the prediction of long term survival: the landmark model. In Chapter 1, we use the landmark modeling framework to develop procedures to assess how a patient’s long term survival trajectory may change over time given good intermediate outcome indications along with prognosis based on baseline markers. We propose time-varying accuracy measures to quantify the predictive performance of landmark prediction rules for residual life and provide resampling-based procedures to make inference about such accuracy measures. We illustrate our proposed procedures using a breast cancer dataset. In Chapter 2, we aim to incorporate intermediate event time information for the prediction of survival. We propose a fully non-parametric procedure to incorporate intermediate event information when only a single baseline discrete covariate is available for prediction. When a continuous covariate or multiple covariates are available, we propose to incorporate intermediate event time information using a flexible varying coefficient model. To evaluate the performance of the resulting landmark prediction rule and quantify the information gained by using the intermediate event, we use robust non-parametric procedures. We illustrate these procedures using a dataset of post-dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. In Chapter 3, we consider improving efficiency by incorporating intermediate event information in a randomized clinical trial setting. We propose a semi-nonparametric two-stage procedure to estimate survival by incorporating intermediate event information observed before the landmark time. In addition, we present a testing procedure using these resulting estimates to test for a difference in survival between two treatment groups. We illustrate these proposed procedures using an AIDS dataset.
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Barba, Ferrer Pere. "Multiview Landmark Detection forIdentity-Preserving Alignment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142475.
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Face recognition is a fundamental task in computer vision and has been an important field of study for many years. Its importance in activities such as face recognition and classification, 3D animation, virtual modelling or biomedicine makes it a top-demanded activity, but finding accurate solutions still represents a great challenge nowadays. This report presents a unified process for automatically extract a set of face landmarks and remove all differences related to pose, expression and environment by bringing faces to a neutral pose-centred state. Landmark detection is based on a multiple viewpoint Pictorial Structure model, which specifies first, a part for each landmark we want to extract, second a tree structure to constraint its position within the face geometry and third, multiple trees to model differences due the orientation. In this report we address both the problem of how to find a set of landmarks from a model and the problem of training such a model from a set of labelled examples. We show how such a model successfully captures a great range of deformations needing far less training examples than common commercial face detectors. The alignment process basically aims to remove differences between multiple faces so they all can be analysed under the same criteria. It is carried out with Thin-plate Splines to adjust the detected set of landmarks to the desired configuration. With this method we assure smooth interpolations while the subject identity is preserved by modifying the original extracted configuration of parts and creating a generic distribution with the help of a reference face dataset. We present results of our algorithms both in a constrained environment and in the challenging LFPW face database. Successful outcomes are shown that prove our method to be a solid process for unitedly recognise and warp faces in the wild and to be on a par with other state-of-the-art procedures.Ansiktsigenkänning är en grundläggande uppgift inom datorseende och har varit ett viktigt område för forskning i många år. Dess betydelse i områden som ansiktsigenkänning och klassificering, 3D-animering, virtuell modellering eller biomedicin gör det till en verksamhet med hög efterfrågan. Att hitta precisa lösningar utgör fortfarande en stor utmaning idag. Denna rapport presenterar en enhetlig process för att automatiskt extrahera en uppsättning ansiktslandmärken och ta bort alla skillnader relaterade till posering, uttryck och miljö genom att ta ansiktet till ett neutralcentrerat poseringstillstånd. Landmärksdetektering baseras på en bildmässig strukturmodell med multipel synvinkel som först anger en del för varje landmärke som ska extraheras, och sen en trädstruktur där positionen sparas därefter skapas multipla trädmodeller för att modellera skillnader på grund av olika riktningar. I denna rapport behandlas både problemet med hur man hittar en uppsättning landmärken från en modell och problemet med att träna en sådan modell från en uppsättning märkta exempel. Vi visar hur en sådan modell framgångsrikt fångar ett stort utbud av formändringar där betydligt mindre träningsexempel behövs än för vanliga kommersiella ansiktsdetektorer. Inriktningsprocessen syftar huvudsakligen till att upphäva skillnaderna mellan flera ansikten så att de alla kan analyseras enligt samma kriterier. För att justera den detekterade uppsättning landmärken används en splineinterpolation till den önskade konfigurationen. Denna metod ger en dämpad interpolation medan objektets identitet bevaras. Vi presenterar resultaten av våra algoritmer både i en begränsad miljö och i utmanande LFPW face-databas. Goda resultat visar att vår metod är en bra process för enigt erkänna och förvränga ansikten i en obegränsad miljö och att vara i nivå med andra state-of-the-art förfaranden.
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Innes, Andrew, and andrew innes@defence gov au. "Genetic Programming for Cephalometric Landmark Detection." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080221.123310.
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The domain of medical imaging analysis has burgeoned in recent years due to the availability and affordability of digital radiographic imaging equipment and associated algorithms and, as such, there has been significant activity in the automation of the medical diagnostic process. One such process, cephalometric analysis, is manually intensive and it can take an experienced orthodontist thirty minutes to analyse one radiology image. This thesis describes an approach, based on genetic programming, neural networks and machine learning, to automate this process. A cephalometric analysis involves locating a number of points in an X-ray and determining the linear and angular relationships between them. If the points can be located accurately enough, the rest of the analysis is straightforward. The investigative steps undertaken were as follows: Firstly, a previously published method, which was claimed to be domain independent, was implemented and tested on a selection of landmarks, ranging from easy to very difficult. These included the menton, upper lip, incisal upper incisor, nose tip and sella landmarks. The method used pixel values, and pixel statistics (mean and standard deviation) of pre-determined regions as inputs to a genetic programming detector. This approach proved unsatisfactory and the second part of the investigation focused on alternative handcrafted features sets and fitness measures. This proved to be much more successful and the third part of the investigation involved using pulse coupled neural networks to replace the handcrafted features with learned ones. The fourth and final stage involved an analysis of the evolved programs to determine whether reasonable algorithms had been evolved and not just random artefacts learnt from the training images. A significant finding from the investigative steps was that the new domain independent approach, using pulse coupled neural networks and genetic programming to evolve programs, was as good as or even better than one using the handcrafted features. The advantage of this finding is that little domain knowledge is required, thus obviating the requirement to manually generate handcrafted features. The investigation revealed that some of the easy landmarks could be found with 100\% accuracy while the accuracy of finding the most difficult ones was around 78\%. An extensive analysis of evolved programs revealed underlying regularities that were captured during the evolutionary process. Even though the evolutionary process took different routes and a diverse range of programs was evolved, many of the programs with an acceptable detection rate implemented algorithms with similar characteristics. The major outcome of this work is that the method described in this thesis could be used as the basis of an automated system. The orthodontist would be required to manually correct a few errors before completing the analysis.
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Pevehouse, James Melvin. "Landmark Baptists ecclesiology can affect soteriology /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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余智浩 and Chi-ho Yu. "Landmark to Tai Wai (Shatin) Community." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984320.
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Park, Chi-youn 1981. "Consonant landmark detection for speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44905.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-197).
This thesis focuses on the detection of abrupt acoustic discontinuities in the speech signal, which constitute landmarks for consonant sounds. Because a large amount of phonetic information is concentrated near acoustic discontinuities, more focused speech analysis and recognition can be performed based on the landmarks. Three types of consonant landmarks are defined according to its characteristics -- glottal vibration, turbulence noise, and sonorant consonant -- so that the appropriate analysis method for each landmark point can be determined. A probabilistic knowledge-based algorithm is developed in three steps. First, landmark candidates are detected and their landmark types are classified based on changes in spectral amplitude. Next, a bigram model describing the physiologically-feasible sequences of consonant landmarks is proposed, so that the most likely landmark sequence among the candidates can be found. Finally, it has been observed that certain landmarks are ambiguous in certain sets of phonetic and prosodic contexts, while they can be reliably detected in other contexts. A method to represent the regions where the landmarks are reliably detected versus where they are ambiguous is presented. On TIMIT test set, 91% of all the consonant landmarks and 95% of obstruent landmarks are located as landmark candidates. The bigram-based process for determining the most likely landmark sequences yields 12% deletion and substitution rates and a 15% insertion rate. An alternative representation that distinguishes reliable and ambiguous regions can detect 92% of the landmarks and 40% of the landmarks are judged to be reliable. The deletion rate within reliable regions is as low as 5%.
(cont.) The resulting landmark sequences form a basis for a knowledge-based speech recognition system since the landmarks imply broad phonetic classes of the speech signal and indicate the points of focus for estimating detailed phonetic information. In addition, because the reliable regions generally correspond to lexical stresses and word boundaries, it is expected that the landmarks can guide the focus of attention not only at the phoneme-level, but at the phrase-level as well.
by Chiyoun Park.
Ph.D.
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Miao, Yufan. "Landmark Detection for Mobile Eye Tracking." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301499.
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Mobile eye tracking studies in urban environments can provide important insights into several processes of human behavior, ranging from wayfinding to human-environment interaction. The analysis of this kind of eye tracking data are based on a semi-manual or even sometimes completely manual process, consuming immense post-processing time. In this thesis, we propose an approach based on computer vision methods that allows fully automatic analysis of eye tracking data, captured in an urban environment. We present our approach, as well as the results of three experiments that were conducted in order to evaluate the robustness of the system in open, as well as in narrow spaces. Furthermore, we give directions towards computation time optimization in order to achieve analysis on the fly of the captured eye tracking data, opening the way for human-environment interaction in real time.
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Yu, Chi-ho. "Landmark to Tai Wai (Shatin) Community." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949330.
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Zhou, Qiang. "Generalized Landmark Recognition in Robot Navigation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103304261.
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Romero, Marcelo. "Landmark localisation in 3D face data." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1147/.
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Accurate landmark localisation is an essential precursor to many 3D face processing algorithms but, as yet, there is a lack of convincing solutions that work well over a wide range of head poses. In this thesis, an investigation to localise facial landmarks from 3D images is presented, without using any assumption concerning facial pose. In particular, this research devises new surface descriptors, which are derived from either unstructured face data, or a radial basis function (RBF) model of the facial surface. A ground–truth of eleven facial landmarks is collected over well–registered facial images in the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) database. Then, a range of feature descriptors of varying complexity are investigated to illustrate repeatability and accuracy when computed for the full set of eleven facial landmarks. At this stage, the nose–tip and two inner–eye corners are observed as the most distinctive facial landmarks as a trade–off among repeatability, accuracy, and complexity. Thus, this investigation focuses on the localisation of these three facial landmarks, which is the minimum number of landmarks necessary for pose normalisation. Two new families of descriptors are introduced, namely point–pair and point–triplet descriptors, which require two and three vertices respectively for their computation. Also, two facial landmark localisation methods are investigated; in the first, a binary decision tree is used to implement a cascade filter, in the second, graph matching is implemented via relaxation by elimination. Then, using all of these descriptors and algorithms, a number of systems are designed to localise the nose–tip and two inner–eye corners. Above all, 99.92% of nose–tip landmarks within an accuracy of 12mm is the best localisation performance, which is achieved by one cascade filter system. Finally, landmark localisation performance is reported by using a novel cumulative error curve. Localisation results are gathered by computing errors of estimated landmark locations against respective ground–truth data.
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Röser, Florian [Verfasser]. "The cognitive observer-based landmark-preference model : what is the ideal landmark position at an intersection? / Florian Röser." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075454484/34.
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Elliott, Alexander William. "Vision based landmark detection for UAV navigation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7922.
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The majority of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) available today depend on Global Position Satellites (GPS) and inertial measurement units (IMU) for state estimation used in navigation and control. However with the increase in availability of cheap GPS jamming technologies leads to concerns over the dependence of GPS for control and navigation. A possible solution is to use a downward looking camera on-board the aircraft, and using vision based techniques the aircraft can estimate its position without the need for GPS signals.
The focus of this thesis is to develop reliable methods for feature and landmark extraction for use with the vision based positioning system.
The first method proposed estimated the aircraft position in real time using Image Registration techniques, during testing it was found that it did not cope well if there are differences between the source and reference images, which could be due to seasonal or lighting changes. To overcome this problem, work was conducted to look at object detection (buildings, and roads) which enable objects to be detected despite changes in season, or lighting conditions. Three such methods are presented in this thesis, although all of them have been shown to work, only the Haar classifier based method is suitable for use on-board a UAV as the other methods are computationally intensive. Further testing of the Haar classifier was conducted to investigate the full envelope of the object detection under a simulated test.
Haar classifier cascade for object detection in aerial images was shown to be capable of detecting objects reliably under a variety of different situations in this thesis. This information can then be used with a GIS database to match the objects extracted from the image, with objects on a geo coded object database to estimate the aircraft position in a variety of different conditions.
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Ho, Kin-wai Stephen, and 何建威. "Railway terminal as an urban landmark, Admiralty." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982025.
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Pereira, Ramon Fraga. "Landmark-based approaches for plan recognition tasks." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6854.
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Recognition of goals and plans using incomplete evidence from action execution can be done efficiently by using automated planning techniques. In many applications it is important to recognize goals and plans not only accurately, but also quickly. In order to address this challenge, we develop recognition approaches based on planning techniques that rely on planning landmarks to filter candidate goals and plans from observations. In automated planning, landmarks are properties or actions that cannot be avoided to achieve a goal. We address the task of recognizing goals and plans without pre-defined static plan libraries, and instead we use a planning domain definition to represent the problem and the expected agent behavior. In this work, we show the applicability of planning techniques for recognition tasks in three settings: first, we use planning landmarks to develop a heuristic-based plan recognition approach; second, we refine an existing planningbased plan recognition approach; and finally, we use planning techniques to develop an approach for detecting plan abandonment. The plan abandonment detection approach we develop aims to analyze a sequence of observations and a monitored goal to determine if an observed agent is still pursuing, or has no intention to complete such monitored goal. These recognition approaches are evaluated in experiments over several planning domains. We show that our plan recognition approach yields not only accuracy comparable to other state-of-the-art techniques, but also substantially lower recognition time over such techniques. Furthermore, our plan abandonment detection approach yields high accuracy at low computational cost to detect which actions do not contribute for achieving a particular monitored goal.
T?cnicas de planejamento autom?tico s?o eficientes no reconhecimento de objetivos e planos a partir da execu??o de a??es e evid?ncias incompletas. Para muitas aplica??es ? importante reconhecer objetivos e planos n?o somente acuradamente, mas tamb?m de maneira r?pida e precisa. Assim, para lidar com esse desafio, desenvolvemos uma abordagem a qual utiliza uma heur?stica baseada em t?cnicas de planejamento autom?tico, guiando-se por pontos-de-refer?ncia, que filtra poss?veis objetivos e planos a partir de observa??es. Em planejamento autom?tico, pontosde- refer?ncia s?o propriedades (ou a??es), em que todo o plano precisa alcan?ar (ou executar), em alguma determinada parte da execu??o do plano a fim de atingir um objetivo estipulado. Neste trabalho, formalizamos a tarefa de reconhecimento de objetivos e planos sem a utiliza??o de biblioteca de planos, ou seja, utilizamos uma defini??o de dom?nio para planejamento autom?tico. Sendo assim, estabelecemos o problema e o comportamento do agente a ser observado (a??es e objetivos) utilizando uma linguagem de planejamento autom?tico. A partir disso, mostramos a aplicabilidade da nossa abordagem baseada em t?cnicas de planejamento de tr?s formas: (1) desenvolvendo uma heur?stica baseada em pontos-de-referencia para reconhecer objetivos e planos; (2) refinando uma abordagem existente para reconhecimento de planos; e for fim, (3) desenvolvendo uma abordagem para reconhecer abandono de planos. A abordagem para reconhecimento de abandono de planos desenvolvida tem como objetivo analisar uma seq??ncia de observa??es (a??es), afim de detectar quais n?o contribuem para alcan?ar o objetivo o qual est? sendo monitorado. Para fins de avalia??o e experimenta??o, utilizou-se v?rios dom?nios de planejamento autom?tico, e com isso, foi poss?vel mostrar que nossa abordagem para reconhecimento de planos comporta-se acuradamente e rapidamente quando comparada com o estado-da-arte. Ainda, demonstramos que a nossa abordagem para detectar abandono de planos comporta-se com precis?o e com baixo custo computacional, detectando precisamente a??es que n?o contribuem para alcan?ar um determinado objetivo monitorado.
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Webb, Cherith Mercedes. "Obstruent acoustic landmark enhancement for cochlear implants." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/386157/.
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Cochlear implant users are typically able to achieve high levels of speech recognition in quiet but struggle to follow speech even in moderate levels of background noise. It may be possible to improve cochlear implant users’ speech perception scores in noise, by making more efficient use of the limited bandwidth available for transmitting important speech information, rather than increasing the amount of information transmitted. Acoustic landmarks are locations in the speech signal which are rich in information and allow a listener to identify a particular speech sound as a vowel, sonorant consonant or obstruent consonant; it is around these regions that important speech cues tend to be concentrated. Obstruent consonants are signalled by sudden amplitude and spectral changes and the onset/offset of a period of noise. It has been shown that the auditory system is particularly responsive to rapid spectral changes, manifested as increased firing rates of auditory nerve fibres, particularly at onsets of signals. Cochlear implant users commonly confuse speech sounds with rapidly changing spectral patterns, possibly due to the poor transmission of obstruent landmark information. The aim of the present work was to develop an obstruent landmark enhancement strategy which could be integrated into current cochlear implant processing. The first stage of this process required the identification of obstruent landmarks from the noise-mixed speech stimuli. An existing automatic landmark detection algorithm did not achieve the high levels of accuracy required for use in the present study and so a set of hand-generated labels were created, and used to guide the proposed obstruent landmark enhancement strategy. A series of cochlear implant simulation experiments were conducted to help evaluate the strategy and guide further developments. Results from the simulation studies suggest that the proposed method of obstruent landmark enhancement does not help to improve speech recognition in noise for normal hearing listeners listening to a cochlear implant simulation. It is likely that the strategy outlined in this thesis did not help to improve the saliency of obstruent landmark events as the enhancement was applied to the noise as well as the target speech signal, making it difficult for listeners to resolve the boosted landmark information. However, the results also highlight the limitations of using cochlear implant simulations to evaluate the strategy and so the findings are not necessarily a predictor of actual cochlear implant user performance.
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Strait, Justin. "Elastic Statistical Shape Analysis with Landmark Constraints." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1530966023478484.
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Kulkarni, Suyash M. "Mobile Robot Localization with Active Landmark Deployment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535702460399878.
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Feng, Zhenhua. "Robust facial landmark detection in the wild." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809931/.
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This thesis studies robust facial landmark detection (FLD) algorithms for faces in the wild. In general, a facial landmark detector is applied to a face bounding box, generated by a face detector, to obtain accurate geometric positions of a set of predefined landmarks for a face image. The landmarks are usually needed to extract accurate facial texture features in subsequent stages in an automatic face analysis system. Unfortunately, in uncontrolled scenarios, the variations in appearance caused by pose, expression, illumination and occlusion pose obstacles and difficulties in FLD. Classical algorithms often fail for faces in the wild in the presence of these variations. To meet the requirements for robust FLD in the wild, the thesis presents three main contributions to the field: Firstly, to achieve variation-invariant FLD, we study the tensor-based active appearance model. One of the difficulties of using a tensor model is that it requires a complete training dataset that includes training samples of all modes of variation for each subject, but in practice we often encounter the problem of missing training samples. To deal with this issue, we propose the use of tensor completion methods to reconstruct missing shape and global texture in tensor-based active appearance model. Secondly, in recent years, discriminative cascaded regression has received extensive attention in FLD. We consider the problem of scale variation in shape update and local feature extraction when using a regression-based model, and develop an adaptive scheme for scale-invariant FLD. In addition, a new random cascaded regression copse structure has been designed to improve the generalization capability of the cascaded regression method. Lastly, since cascaded regression is supervised, a large amount of training data is crucial. However, the task of providing training samples is often time-consuming, involving a considerable amount of tedious manual work. As an alternative, we propose the use of a 3D morphable face model to generate synthesised faces for regression-based detector training. To adapt the model trained on the synthetic data to real face images, we propose a cascaded collaborative regression algorithm. The training is based on a mix of synthetic and real image data with the mixing controlled by a dynamic mixture weighting schedule.
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Ho, Kin-wai Stephen. "Railway terminal as an urban landmark, Admiralty." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25945117.
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Spagnuolo, Imerio. "Landmark based facial recognition in the NAO robot." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13227/.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è permettere ad un robot umanoide (NAO) di rilevare i volti nelle immediate vicinanze e riconoscerli. Riconoscere il volto di una persona è un’abilità difficile da automatizzare, innanzitutto bisogna scomporre il problema in due differenti problemi: face detection e face recognition. Per face detection si intende quel processo attraverso cui è possibile rilevare la presenza o meno di uno o più volti all’interno di un’immagine o di un flusso di immagini. Una volta accertata la presenza di un volto è possibile passare alla fase di recognition. Tale fase viene realizzata tramite l’ausilio di un classificatore che prende in ingresso delle feature estratte dal volto identificato e restituisce il nome della persona a cui esso potrebbe appartenere con la relativa probabilità. Il sistema proposto in questa tesi è caratterizzato da una fase di rilevazione del volto realizzata attraverso la tecnica dei gradienti orientati, delle fasi di pre-processing delle immagini ed una classificazione dei volti attraverso l’implementazione di due differenti reti neurali in cascata. La prima rete è una rete neurale convoluzionale che prende in ingresso l’intera immagine e restituisce il nome della persona. La seconda rete è una rete neurale multistrato che discrimina i volti solo tra le classi su cui la prima rete fa “confusione” basandosi su determinate misure (distanza tra naso e bocca, lunghezza naso, ecc...).
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Spangenberg, Robert [Verfasser]. "Landmark-based Localization for Autonomous Vehicles / Robert Spangenberg." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099282942/34.
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Vodanovich, Jonathan Ante. "A critical investigation of the Landmark Education phenomenon." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/906.
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This thesis explores Landmark Education, an American personal development company which claims to transform lives for the better. The purpose of this work is to analyse the pros and cons of various participants and professionals connected with Landmark Education. This work has been carried out as a piece of investigative journalism and reflects the principles of this field. Chapter one addresses contemporary criticisms of Landmark and outlines the main points of the investigation which will be analysed and debated in chapter three. Chapter two gives a historical background to the self-help and personal development realm that Landmark belongs to. This chapter is more informative in tone and provides an indepth discussion on est, the company to precede Landmark. Chapter three is the investigative component of this thesis and contains interviews of Landmark supporters and critics. These include former and current participants of Landmark Education, as well as professionals of clinical psychology and the personal coaching fields. This chapter primarily addresses issues connected with critical claims that Landmark is a cult. The thesis is accompanied by a supporting exegesis which outlines the relevant theoretical, historical, critical and design contexts and also seeks to defend both the applied research methodology and theoretical base.
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McKinney, William Sigsbee. "A low cost vision system for landmark tracking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15943.
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Lee, Eun Ho. "Illumination, optics, and retroreflectors for efficient landmark tracking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15987.
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Chan, Chi-kwong Tommy, and 陳志廣. "Effects of cephalometric landmark validity on incisor angulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953943.
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Walder, Alistair Neil. "Statistics of shape and size for landmark data." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303425.
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Liu, Sharlene Anne. "Landmark detection for distinctive feature-based speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11406.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-190).
by Sharlene Anne Liu.
Ph.D.
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Edwards, S. J., C. Emmerson, A. Namdeo, P. T. Blythe, and W. Guo. "Optimising landmark-based route guidance for older drivers." Elsevier, 2016. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72821.
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In-vehicle navigation systems (IVNS) have the potential to benefit older drivers, reducing stress associated with way-finding and providing on-trip support, especially in unfamiliar locations. However, existing IVNS present challenges to usability, resulting in lack of uptake and over-reliance on pre-trip planning.
This paper presents research aimed at identifying features that make IVNS user-friendly and appropriate for older drivers. Studying navigational performance within a simulated driving environment, it focuses on the use of landmarks with route guidance information, and the most appropriate method of information provision (audio only, visual only or a combination of audio and visual). It also assesses potential gender differences that might arise with landmark-based navigational information.
Solutions include use of appropriate roadside landmarks, and information delivered through a combination of audio and icon-based visual format. These features result in lower workload and fewer navigational errors. The audio/visual modality reduces the hazard of distraction by landmarks resulting in fewer visual glances and lower glance duration to the roadside compared to other modalities.
Design and provision of IVNS tailored to older drivers’ needs can make a considerable contribution to maintaining individual mobility for longer.
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Gubler, Maritzabel Ludlow John B. "Precision of cephalometric landmark identification 3D vs 2D." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1890.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology." Discipline: Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology; Department/School: Dentistry.
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Lambotte, Anne-Céline Kirking Clayton C. Baxter Paula A. "The New York Public Library, an historic landmark." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/rslambotte.pdf.
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Chan, Chi-kwong Tommy. "Effects of cephalometric landmark validity on incisor angulation." Hong Kong : Dept. of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1318510X.
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Merget, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Robust Facial Landmark Detection in the Wild / Daniel Merget." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184090688/34.
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Padua, Mary G. "Hybrid modernity : late 20th century landmark parks in China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23522.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates new spatial forms that have emerged in China's urban landmark parks in secondary cities of the post -Mao era. These forms represent a new stage in China's history of landscape architecture. As design history and innovative design inquiry, a qualitative approach is employed and it draws from: - modernization theory: a framework for understanding transformation in post -Mao China - post -Mao China socio -cultural analysis: changing Chinese identity, nationalism and trends in the arts and architecture - design analysis and history of China's garden /park traditions and the larger context of the evolution of modern landscape architecture in China - analysis of international design trends in contemporary landscape architecture analysis of China's changing institutional context: education and development of the landscape architecture profession. In this research, I asked: has the fusion of international influences with the local Chinese design vocabulary in late 20th century China created a distinctive approach to public park design that is novel? If so, how has this taken place, and what does it mean for landscape architecture in China? Case studies provide a focused empirical setting to understand the new design paradigms and they create the foundation for a theory I call hybrid modernization. The study breaks new ground as the first documentation and analysis of the emergence of modern landscape architecture in twentieth century China. It creates a bridge between the literature in China and the west; and it contributes to closing the gap on the history of modern landscape architecture in China.
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Allora, Jennifer 1974. "Landmark : towards and alternative testing range, Vieques, Puerto Rico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62958.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-33).
How does land differentiate itself from other land by the way that it is marked? What implicit power relations are evidenced in these land marking processes? Whose interests are served in the designation of certain places for preservation and others not? What are the strategies for reclaiming marked land? What are the stakes? How does one articulate an ethics of land use? Who decides what is worth preserving and what is worth destroying? Landmark is a working concept as well as an artistic proposition which considers the multiple and complex ways in which land is marked. Focusing on the contested United States Navy Training Facilities in Vieques, Puerto Rico, Landmark: Towards an Alternative Testing Range attempts to create a platform for cross-border exchanges, between local reclamation struggles and global resistance movements. By focusing on the area of greatest destruction, the inner range, as a metaphoric as well as physical ground from which to begin and engage in dialogue, Landmark, considers the possibility of sharing wounds across space and time, through the creation of a transitional geography, one between destruction and recovery.
by Jennifer Allora.
S.M.
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Merget, Daniel Maximilian [Verfasser]. "Robust Facial Landmark Detection in the Wild / Daniel Merget." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019041923330120324965.
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Richter, Silvia. "Landmark-Based Heuristics and Search Control for Automated Planning." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365307.
Full textAbstract:
A key characteristic of intelligence is the use of ecient problem-solving strategies when faced
with unfamiliar tasks. Enabling machines to do autonomous problem-solving is thus a major milestone
on the path to developing intelligent systems. Automated planning is a discipline in artificial
intelligence research that studies this topic, specifically the process of automatically computing
strategies for using actions to achieve a desired outcome. Given a declarative description of a task,
a planning system finds an action sequence (a plan) that leads from a given initial state to a state
that satisfies a specified goal description. The quality of a plan is measured via its length or, in
cost-based planning, via associated costs of the actions it comprises. While the planning problem
in general is computationally intractable, many planning tasks can be solved eciently due
to some inherent structure of the task. Knowledge about such structure or certain properties of a
planning task, so-called control knowledge, can often be extracted automatically from the problem
description.
This thesis makes several contributions to improve the eciency of automated planning. We
focus on forward-chaining heuristic search in the state space of a planning task, currently the most
widely used approach to planning. In the first part of this thesis, we detail novel methods for extracting landmarks, a particular type of control knowledge, from planning tasks. We then propose
a way of using these landmarks as a heuristic estimator for judging progress during planning,
and show empirically that this leads to shorter plans and allows solving more tasks in unit-cost
planning. We furthermore analyse the performance gain achieved via landmarks in cost-based
planning and find that landmarks can be particularly helpful in this setting, making up for the bad
performance of other (cost-sensitive) heuristics.
In the second part of this thesis, we focus on improving the underlying search algorithms to
increase coverage (the number of tasks solved) and solution quality in planning. We conduct a
detailed study of two popular search-control techniques, preferred operators and deferred evaluation, and demonstrate their respective usefulness for improving coverage and solution quality
under various conditions. We also consider anytime planning to find high-quality plans given
limited time. In anytime planning, the aim is to compute an initial solution quickly, and then iteratively improve on this solution while time remains. We demonstrate that the greediness that is
necessary to find an initial plan quickly can impede the planning system in finding better solutions
later, unless the system abandons previous eort and restarts the search. We then combine the methods analysed in the previous chapters and incorporate them into one planning system. The resulting planner LAMA, winner of the 2008 International Planning Competition, is presented in detail and compared with other state-of-the art planners. We study the interactions of various techniques employed in the system and show how much each feature contributes to the overall performance. We find that both landmarks and restarting anytime search contribute to the good performance on the set of benchmark tasks considered. Furthermore, the two techniques interact beneficially in some cases.
Lastly, we provide an outlook on possible extensions of our work by investigating more complex
types of landmarks. We show that using higher-order landmarks can significantly improve
the heuristic estimates obtained from a landmark heuristic. However, the additional eort required
for finding and using such landmarks does not necessarily pay off.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Belmonte, Romain. "Facial landmark detection with local and global motion modeling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I066/document.
Full textAbstract:
La détection des points caractéristiques du visage est une tâche essentielle pour un grand nombre d’applications telles que l’analyse faciale (p. ex., identification, expression, reconstruction 3D), l’interaction homme-machine ou encore le multimédia (p. ex., recherche, indexation). Bien que de nombreuses approches aient été proposées, les performances en conditions non contrôlées ne sont toujours pas satisfaisantes. Les variations susceptibles d’impacter l’apparence du visage (p. ex., pose, expression, éclairage, occultation, flou cinétique) en font un problème encore difficile à résoudre. Dans cette thèse, une contribution est faite à la fois sur l’analyse des performances des approches actuelles mais aussi sur la modélisation de l’information temporelle pour la détection des points caractéristiques du visage basée sur la vidéo. Une étude expérimentale est réalisée à l’aide d’un jeu de données vidéo permettant d’évaluer l’impact des variations de pose et d’expression sur la détection des points caractéristiques. Cette évaluation permet notamment de mettre en évidence les poses et expressions posant le plus de difficultés. Elle permet également d’illustrer l’importance d’une modélisation temporelle capable de tenir compte efficacement de la nature dynamique du visage. L’accent est ensuite mis sur l’amélioration de la modélisation temporelle afin de considérer le mouvement local en plus du mouvement global. Plusieurs architectures sont conçues en s’appuyant sur les deux principaux modèles de la littérature : les réseaux de régression de coordonnées et les réseaux de régression de cartes de chaleur. Les expérimentations sur deux ensembles de données confirment que la modélisation du mouvement local améliore les résultats (p. ex. avec les expressions). Ces expérimentations sont étendues par une étude portant sur la complémentarité entre l’information spatiale et temporelle ainsi que le mouvement local et global dans le but d’améliorer la conception des architectures proposées. En exploitant davantage ces complémentarités, de meilleures performances, compétitives avec l’état de l’art, sont obtenues, et ce, malgré la simplicité des modèles proposésFacial landmark detection is an essential task for a large number of applications such as facial analysis (e.g., identification, expression, 3D reconstruction), human-computer interaction or even multimedia (e.g., content indexing and retrieval). Although many approaches have been proposed, performance under uncontrolled conditions is still not satisfactory. The variations that may impact facial appearance (e.g., pose, expression, illumination, occlusion, motion blur) make it a difficult problem to solve. In this thesis, a contribution to both the analysis of the performance of current approaches and the modeling of temporal information for video-based facial landmark detection is made. An experimental study is conducted using a video dataset to measure the impact of pose and expression variations on landmark detection. This evaluation highlights the most difficult poses and expressions to handle. It also illustrates the importance of a suitable temporal modeling to benefit from the dynamic nature of the face. A focus is then placed on improving temporal modeling to ensure consideration of local motion in addition to global motion. Several architectures are designed based on the two main models from the literature: coordinate regression networks and heatmap regression networks. Experiments on two datasets confirm that local motion modeling improves results (e.g. in the presence of expressions). These experiments are extended with a study on the complementarity between spatial and temporal information as well as local and global motion to improve the design of the proposed architectures. By leveraging these complementarities more effectively, competitive performance with current state-of-the-art approaches is achieved, despite the simplicity of the proposed models
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Browne, Lydia Ann. "Regenerate reusing a landmark building to economically bolster urban revitalization /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1147897475.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 24, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: architecture and economics; urban revitalization; adaptive reuse; developer. Includes bibliographical references.
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Holm, Per. "Automatic landmark detection on Trochanter Minor in x-ray images." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2791.
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During pre-operative planning for hip replacement, the choice of prosthesis can be aided by measurements in x-ray images of the hip. Some measurements can be done automatically but this require robust and precise image processing algorithms which can detect anatomical features. The Trochanter minor is an important landmark on the femoral shaft. In this thesis, three di.erent image processing algorithms are explained and tested for automatic landmark detection on Trochanter minor. The algorithms handled are Active Shape Models, Shortest path algorithm and a segmentation technique based on cumulated cost maps. The results indicate that cumulated cost maps are an e.ective tool for rough segmentation of the Trochanter Minor. A snake algorithm was then applied which could .nd the edge of the Trochanter minor in all images used in the test. The edge can be used to locate a curvature extremum which can be used as a landmark point.
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Chronis, George. "Sketch-based navigation for mobile robots using qualitative landmark states." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4651.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 19, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mannberg, Mikael. "Vision-based Navigation Using Landmark Recognition for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9249.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes a new approach for a vision-based positioning system for Un-
manned Aerial Vehicles using a recognition method based on known, robust geo-
graphic landmarks. Landmarks are used to calculate a position estimate in a global
coordinate frame without requiring external signals, such as GPS. Absolute systems
are of interest as they provide a redundant positioning system, allow UAVs to oper-
ate when GPS-denied and can enable high-precision landings for spacecraft.
The core challenge with vision-based absolute positioning is recognition of land-
marks. Most abundant landmarks, such as buildings, are visually similar and dif-
cult to distinguish. Previous research in the area tends to focus on matching raw
aerial image data to a set of reference images. While these methods can achieve
acceptable results in speci c conditions, they struggle with variations in lighting,
seasonal changes and changing environments. This thesis presents a new multi-
stage method that aims to solve this using a high-level matching framework where
landmarks identi ed in an aerial image are matched to a reference database.
This has led to the development of a geometric feature descriptor that encodes the
topography of landmarks. The proposed system therefore matches the arrangement
of features rather than the appearance, which lets it distinguish individual landmarks
in large sets (20,000+ features). Since the arrangement of landmarks often is semi-
structured and ambiguous, in particular when considering man-made landmarks,
a matching stage has been developed that uses a number of strategies to enable
matching of individual landmarks to a full database.
The results have been evaluated for two conceptual vehicles with acceptable results,
highlighting the strengths of the proposed system as well as areas for improve-
ment.
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Glennon, Colin. "An Experimental Invetigation of Opposition to Landmark Supreme Court Decisions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/532.
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BROWNE, LYDIA ANN. "REGENERATE: REUSING A LANDMARK BUILDING TO ECONOMICALLY BOLSTER URBAN REVITALIZATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147897475.
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Sánchez, Lozano Enrique. "Continuous regression : a functional regression approach to facial landmark tracking." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43300/.
Full textAbstract:
Facial Landmark Tracking (Face Tracking) is a key step for many Face Analysis systems, such as Face Recognition, Facial Expression Recognition, or Age and Gender Recognition, among others. The goal of Facial Landmark Tracking is to locate a sparse set of points defining a facial shape in a video sequence. These typically include the mouth, the eyes, the contour, or the nose tip. The state of the art method for Face Tracking builds on Cascaded Regression, in which a set of linear regressors are used in a cascaded fashion, each receiving as input the output of the previous one, subsequently reducing the error with respect to the target locations. Despite its impressive results, Cascaded Regression suffers from several drawbacks, which are basically caused by the theoretical and practical implications of using Linear Regression. Under the context of Face Alignment, Linear Regression is used to predict shape displacements from image features through a linear mapping. This linear mapping is learnt through the typical least-squares problem, in which a set of random perturbations is given. This means that, each time a new regressor is to be trained, Cascaded Regression needs to generate perturbations and apply the sampling again. Moreover, existing solutions are not capable of incorporating incremental learning in real time. It is well-known that person-specific models perform better than generic ones, and thus the possibility of personalising generic models whilst tracking is ongoing is a desired property, yet to be addressed. This thesis proposes Continuous Regression, a Functional Regression solution to the least-squares problem, resulting in the first real-time incremental face tracker. Briefly speaking, Continuous Regression approximates the samples by an estimation based on a first-order Taylor expansion yielding a closed-form solution for the infinite set of shape displacements. This way, it is possible to model the space of shape displacements as a continuum, without the need of using complex bases. Further, this thesis introduces a novel measure that allows Continuous Regression to be extended to spaces of correlated variables. This novel solution is incorporated into the Cascaded Regression framework, and its computational benefits for training under different configurations are shown. Then, it presents an approach for incremental learning within Cascaded Regression, and shows its complexity allows for real-time implementation. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first incremental face tracker that is shown to operate in real-time. The tracker is tested in an extensive benchmark, attaining state of the art results, thanks to the incremental learning capabilities.
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Liang, Antoni. "Face Image Retrieval with Landmark Detection and Semantic Concepts Extraction." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54081.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes various novel approaches for improving the performances of automatic facial landmarks detection system based on the concept of pictorial tree structure model. Furthermore, a robust glasses landmark detection system is also proposed as glasses are commonly used. These proposed approaches are employed to develop an automatic semantic based face images retrieval system. The experiment results demonstrate significant improvements of all the proposed approaches towards accuracy and efficiency.
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De, Condappa Olivier. "The use of landmark-based wayfinding strategies across the adult lifespan." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2016. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24751/.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals can employ different landmark-based wayfinding strategies to acquire spatial knowledge and support navigation. Allocentric strategy use is associated with a cognitive representation of a learned environment that allows flexible navigation, while egocentric strategy use is associated with uni-directional knowledge that only supports accurate navigation in tasks that involve reproducing learned behaviours. While many studies have investigated strategy use during navigation, how strategy use develops during spatial learning remains under- researched. Therefore, this thesis primarily investigated the processes underlying strategy selection. Participants’ strategy preference during various navigation tasks, including a novel strategy assessment paradigm developed specifically for this research, revealed that individuals adopt the most accurate strategy available – be it allocentric or egocentric – in accordance with the demands of the concurrent navigation task. Interestingly, when allocentric knowledge was required for accurate navigation, participants initially employed a suboptimal egocentric strategy before switching to an allocentric strategy, suggesting that egocentric knowledge precedes allocentric knowledge. Finally, participants were not subject to performance-related decrements associated with the effort of switching strategies. Interestingly, during spatial learning, participants acquired spatial knowledge related to alternative strategies, and selectively encoded landmarks that were compatible with the use of multiple strategies, which may explain why switching wayfinding strategies is cognitively efficient. This thesis also investigated the effects of aging on strategy selection. Strategy preference changes across the adult lifespan, with decreasing allocentric strategy use primarily attributed to reduced hippocampal function, and impaired egocentric strategy use associated with age-related learning and memory deficits. Analysis revealed that older adults exhibited a task-independent preference for egocentric strategy use, and therefore experienced difficulty with tasks that required allocentric knowledge. However, when egocentric strategy use most efficiently supported accurate navigation, younger and older adults performed similarly, suggesting that egocentric strategy use is largely unaffected by aging. Finally, age differences in strategy preference and spatial learning were observed when the most efficient route learning strategy differed between decision points, supporting findings of increasing susceptibility to switching costs with age. In summary, young adults flexibly employ a variety of strategies to optimise navigational efficacy, while older adults' strategy choices are affected by age-related difficulties with allocentric strategy use and increased vulnerability to strategy switching costs.
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Wang, Maosen [Verfasser]. "Natural Landmark Classification with a Biosonar based Mobile Robot / Maosen Wang." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1170537073/34.
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Ajayi, Osho Olushola. "The analysis of landmark and shape curves in 2D and 3D." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396482.
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Boyce, Meghan J. "Saving the York Avenue Estate : landmark preservation as land use control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37659.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Vita. Page 152 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147).
The battle between preservationists and developers has been waging for years, especially in places where the real estate market is hot. The pressure to develop is often met head-on with the need to conserve the architectural, historical, and cultural resources of the past for the benefit of current and future generations. At the foundation of this confrontation is a desire to control the use of land, making it imperative that neighborhood planning efforts acknowledge the affects of landmark preservation. This is the story of the York Avenue Estate; the City and Suburban Homes Company, which built the Estate; the model tenement movement, which inspired it; Peter Kalikow, the developer who wanted to raze it; the Coalition to Save the City and Suburban Homes Company, the group of residents, community members, and preservationists that fought to save it; and the NYC Landmark Preservation Commission, the political board that had the authority to designated the York Avenue Estate a city landmark.
by Meghan J. Boyce.
M.C.P.