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Journal articles on the topic 'Landscape architecture Land use'
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1
Schrader, Charles C. "LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND LAND-USE PLANNING." Landscape Journal 16, no. 2 (1997): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.16.2.202.
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Mareček, J. "Folk landscape architecture as a significant value of Czech landscape." Horticultural Science 34, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1846-hortsci.
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In the past the image of Czech countryside was created by agricultural and social activities of the rural population in a significant manner. These activities related to natural elements and to the creation of landscape in a wider sense can be described as folk landscape architecture. Its object is mainly the spatial arrangement and assortment composition of vegetation and its functionality in villages and in their landscape environment. This study defines these activities as time limited regional (local) customary practices of agricultural and cultural and social character, reflected especially in the spatial arrangement and assortment composition of vegetation elements. Vegetation and other natural elements are evaluated as functional singularities and as functional systems in relation to particular structures, type of village pattern and state of the surrounding landscape. Besides the methodical categorisation of evaluated objects principles for their use in different forms of land-use planning are defined. A significant result of this study is the definition of landscape architecture as a phenomenon of the rural population lifestyle in which not only the past but also the future of rural landscape is reflected.
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Ma, Jian Wu, Qian Zhang, and Jun Duo Guan. "Enlightment of American Green Land Rainwater Management Art to Chinese Modern Landscape Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.422.
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Abstract：Green lands are natural rainwater management facilities. Natural landscapes manage rainfall through a combination of evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff. Artful rainwater management is emulating nature split-flow rainwater in the processes of collection, conveyance and retention. Through artful design, the rainwater management facility will become a kind of site amenity that has varied values, functions, attributes. This paper introduces the American rainwater management theories and practices, proposes that the Chinese landscape architecture planning idea and design methodology should be changed. That is to use green land as natural rainwater management facility, to put the rainwater management into the procedure of landscape architecture planning and design, to ensure enough permeable area, to take measures to collect, filter and purify impervious surface runoff, to display the rainwater management process, to show the various values of drainage system. Based on the rainwater management, new Chinese modern landscape architecture model is put forward.
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Qiong, Liu. "Vernacular Architectural Culture Versus Concession in the Late Qings Dynasty: The Case of Tianjin and Shanghai." Open House International 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0014.
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During the late Qing Dynasty, Western colonists plundered and divided the land as concession where they consequently built European and American architectures. These architectures, such as concession garden architectures, are a result of relevant cultural exchange. Thus, concession garden architectural culture should be studied. In this study, the historical records of the concession and the concession garden in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were examined on the basis of the representative architectures of Shanghai and Tianjin in China. The origin, classification, characteristic, and development of the concession garden architecture were regarded as the starting point, and the characteristics of the garden architecture in different regions were discovered. Further insights into the development of conservation concession garden buildings in China and the use of modern landscape architectures were provided, and new perspectives for studies on concession landscape architectures were presented through an in-depth understanding and analysis of concession landscape architectures.
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Coppetti, Barbara. "Architettura e paesaggio tra prossimità e distanza." TERRITORIO, no. 63 (December 2012): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-063018.
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The paper starts from the idea of the architectural nature of the landscape with the intention or revealing the figurative quality of mediocre contemporary landscapes, in relation to the search for meaning which design must confer on specific and close places. It is possible through architecture, even in a rarefied urban context, to research and propose new dynamic and changeable rules for urban planning. The scenarios proposed for the use of public land at Tor Bella Monaca are intended to highlight the relationship between the dimensions of architecture and those of the landscape: by reconsidering the density of the gap between Tor Bella Monaca and Torre Angela along the western edge; by designing new transverse areas to connect the neighbourhood internally; by working on the dialogue between the open courtyards along the eastern edge and the landscape of the Agro Romano countryside which runs into it.
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Butorac, Valerija, and Nenad Buzjak. "Landscape research in Croatia from 1945 to 2019." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 83, no. 1 (2021): 25–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2021.83.01.02.
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In Croatia, as elsewhere, significant changes have occurred in the landscape over time, due to changes in land use, climate change, and general anthropogenic activities. Accordingly, the need for deeper and more intensive understanding of landscape properties has arisen, in order to ensure adequate land management and protection. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the state of scientific landscape research in Croatia, and determine the stakeholders, methodologies, various research topics, and degree of research and knowledge regarding Croatia’s landscapes. Over the past decade, there has been an increased interest in landscape research, with two clear landscape research approaches emerging: geographic approach and (landscape) architecture approach, that differ in terms of the issues examined, methodologies applied, and spatial context.
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Iqbal, Saira. "Impact of Environment on Architecture of Mesopotamia with Respect to the Use of Materials, Tools and Mode of Construction." Academic Research Community publication 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v1i1.111.
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Through architectural and engineering skills, humanity leaves its mark upon the earth. Urbanization started from Mesopotamia in west Asia where the Mesopotamian societies flourished. They evolved into various landscapes from the metal-rich highlands and elevations of southeastern Turkey to the Syrian deserts, from the woodmen of the Levant to the bogs of southern Iraq. Mesopotamian civilization, along with its architecture, survived more than three thousand years. The architecture of the Mesopotamian civilization is not only portentous in its outlook and proficient in planning, but it’s also considered rational and technical with respect to its environment.The civilization was very first of its kind, having technology and urban settlements that laid the foundation of future modern settlements. It considered the region's environment and climate as pivotal in the development of its culture and architecture.This study discusses how the people, consciously or unconsciously, shaped the land or landscape around them in relation to their environment. This study is both basic and applied, according to architectural research methods. By content, the research in this article is according to the process of design and construction and the data in this research will be analyzed morphologically and technically. The Mesopotamian people used mud bricks, aqueducts, wooden beams, Archimedes screw, courtyard and tripartite houses. The study in this article proves that all these constructions and the techniques used were according to their environmental and climatic conditions.
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Bugár, Gabriel, Zuzana Pucherová, and Katarína Veselovská. "Mosaic Landscape Structures in Relation to the Land Use of Nitra District." Ekológia (Bratislava) 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2020-0022.
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AbstractMosaic landscape structures with traditional forms of land use are currently the most important landscape features, especially from the point of landscape and cultural-historical perspective. Their typical features are the alternation of the areas of narrow-field fields, meadow vegetation and permanent cultures, especially vineyards and orchards. Their presence in the territory is mainly related to the rich vineyard and fruit-growing tradition. On the territory of the Nitra district, we record the most extensive mosaic landscape structures from the south to the north-eastern part. These are heterogeneous units, typical of the rotation of small-area land management, scattered by non-woody vegetation and habitat. In the mosaic landscape structures, we also find elements of the traditional settlement architecture of the houses ‘hajloch’. Significant landscape elements in the form of mosaic structures survive thanks to the rich viniculture tradition. In the long run, however, there are changes in their use: they are often the subject of inheritance, they are converted into holiday homes or they are used for the needs of an expanding residential development. The aim of our study is to point out the dynamic and changes that occurred in the mosaic landscape structures between the two-time horizons (the 50s of the 20th century and the present). For this purpose, we use geospatial analysis to evaluate their area representation, spatial characteristics in relation to the surrounding settlement structure and selected properties of relief forms. The analysis and evaluation of the spatial diversity of mosaic landscape structures as important landscape elements play a significant role in protecting the natural and cultural heritage values of the area from the aspect of species diversity and rich gene pool, visual perception of the landscape, preservation of ecological stability of landscape, landscape potential and overall landscape diversity.
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Mira, J. A., M. Bevià, and J. Giner. "CASTALLA (ALICANTE, SPAIN) VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: USE, LOSS, OBLIVION AND MEMORY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-73-2020.
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Abstract. Vernacular architecture is a reflection of the relationship established by human social structures with their environment and how they take advantage of it for different commercial, economic, productive, pleasure and symbolic-religious purposes. The municipality of Castalla, located in the north of the province of Alicante, is a good example. It is an enclave in which the land use took place from Prehistory thanks to the human communities that mould its landscape. This process was intensified since the eighteenth century with building of pleasure houses, yards, plaster kilns, country houses (in many cases with small chapels) and snow wells, among other constructions. All of them made up a well-preserved landscape until the end of the twentieth century. Its decline took place with the industrialisation of Castalla in the middle of the twentieth century and the emergence of new socio-economic conditions. Consequently, this fact caused the abandonment as well as the oblivion of the material and immaterial characteristics that led to its appearance. This paper will analyse the characteristics of one of these constructions: Casa de la Glorieta (nineteenth century), which is an interesting example of rural buildings in Castalla. In most cases, they are austere country houses aimed basically at the land use. Nevertheless, Casa de la Glorieta (neoclassical style) becomes an ensemble with a double function along with Mas de la Parrotja: to take advantage of the environment and to serve as a pleasure house for the local bourgeoisie.
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Sunguroğlu Hensel, Defne. "Data-Driven Research on Ecological Prototypes for Green Architecture: Enabling Urban Intensification and Restoration through Agricultural Hybrids." Dimensions 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0106.
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Editorial Summary In »Data-Driven Research on Ecological Prototypes for Green Architecture« Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel introduces a design research attempt to the field of environment design, landscape, architecture, and green technologies in the context of urbanization, questioning the interrelation of architectural buildings and ecological, agricultural, and natural free space. This research proposes their inclusive interplay, aiming to dissolve the notion of construction as a driving force of land degradation and instead emphasizing its potential to facilitate green infrastructures in the realm of the built environment. Green constructions are described as a reasonable interlocking of architectural basic structures and their agricultural or horticultural use. She analyzes historically proven examples, underlining their contemporary potentials for adaptation and transition. [Katharina Voigt]
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Zimpel, Jadwiga. "New landscapes of the post-industrial city." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.8.
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This paper attempts to analyze modern urban space in the context of intercepting the effects of biopolitical production by means of a conceptual apparatus taken from urban landscape studies. Among the discussed sections of urban space, which illustrate the issue undertaken in this text, there are first and foremost places that focalize and intertwine practices of urban design, landscape architecture, design and media initiated by local governments, institutions, and private investors. All of these practices strive to create a new type of urban landscapes, characterized by their simultaneous functioning as sights and as “urban stages.” Following from the above findings, this paper aims to describe the listed forms of land use in terms derived from cultural concepts of landscape, considering the latter to be a useful tool for explaining the relations between modern urban subjects and the environment they exist in.
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Teixeira, Catarina Patoilo, Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes, and Jack Ahern. "Novel Urban Ecosystems: Opportunities from and to Landscape Architecture." Land 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080844.
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Novel assemblages of biotic, abiotic, and social components resulting from human-induced actions (e.g., climate change, land-use change, species movement) have been labeled as “Novel Ecosystems”, or “Novel Urban Ecosystems” when emerging in urban contexts. This concept has been shifting perspectives among some scientists and making them question traditional values about human-nature interactions in a rapidly changing era dominated by anthropogenic actions (Anthropocene). Controversial dimensions surrounding the Novel Ecosystems and Novel Urban Ecosystems terms may be preventing the evolution and further research of these concepts. The environmental problems that our society will soon face support a search for innovative solutions and transdisciplinary efforts. For that reason, this discussion should not cease, rather should expand to other fields of knowledge that can contribute with pertinent insights and collaborations. This way, this short communication aims to reflect on the opportunities from Landscape Architecture to the discussion, research, and application of the novel ecosystems concepts in the real world, particularly in the urban landscape, and also reflect on the opportunities of this debate to the Landscape Architecture field. Ultimately, Landscape Architecture can contribute with innovative and creative perspectives, acceding valuable and advanced tools, facilitating dialogues between fields of knowledge, and bridging gaps between science, people, and nature.
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Mohd Salleh, Anizah, Farah Mastura Rosli, Norizan Esa, and Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim. "Permaculture Design: Linking Local Knowledge in Land Use Planning for House Compound." SHS Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184503003.
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Permaculture accounts as among the sustainable practices that incorporates diverse aspects of ecology, landscape, organic farming, forestry, agriculture, architecture, and city planning. However, the increasing loss of local values may indirectly influence the sustainability of the system, since local knowledge is an important source of information that influences permaculture design. This study attempts to understand the knowledge of local people in planning and designing a permaculture system subjected to their livelihood, culture and ecological aspects. In particular, this study identifies land use planning for permaculture zones, and design elements in permaculture zones. The study reviews the planning and design element of permaculture that is significant to understand the ecosystem based design with sustainable practices. The results discussed that local people, regardless of their locations either urban or rural, tend to take into account the natural layout, interior architecture and internal activities in planning and designing the zones for their house compound. The zoning is not only beneficial for efficient energy use, but also sustainable both in environmental, social and economic aspects appropriate to the livelihood and culture of local people. Therefore, local knowledge should be considered when designing a permaculture system, as it is likely to design with nature rather than design against nature.
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Zeng, Hui. "Regression Analysis of the Adaptation Between Regional Land Finance and Urban Planning and Construction." Open House International 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0007.
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Land policy plays an important role in urban development planning. The value of land use depends on the nature and scale of urban land use. Based on this, in the study and analysis, the adaptation between regional land finance and urban planning and construction was discussed. First of all, the current incoordination between the land policy and the urban planning and construction in the development of urbanization was elaborated, and the status quo of the research was analyzed; then, the coordination of the layout of the urban planning space under the land finance was analyzed; taking a small-town project as an example, the actual planning of towns was concretely analyzed, and the waterfront landscape was planned and designed, the functional utilization of the land was promoted. Regression analysis of adaptation confirmed the success of urban planning and construction.
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Cattaneo, Tiziano, Emanuele Giorgi, and Minqing Ni. "Landscape, Architecture and Environmental Regeneration: A Research by Design Approach for Inclusive Tourism in a Rural Village in China." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010128.
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This paper presents project-based research focusing on regeneration for sustainable tourism in a rural village in China, namely Dongjingyu Village, Yuyang Township, Ji County. The research by design approach was applied, introducing to the Chinese context the concept of landscape services, with a particular focus on tradition and the evolution of historical landscape element (HLE) categories and types, whose value is determined by a qualifying relationship between human beings and the environment. The aim was to regenerate and transform the village for uses that are suitable to contemporary ways of coexistence between villagers and the growing tourism industry. Although there are partial limitations to the application of participatory methodologies in the Chinese context, the authors opted for a methodological approach based on research by design in order to foster dialogue and create awareness for both government authorities and citizens regarding potential design solutions, which were determined based on landscape patterns and not only land use. Two outcomes were achieved: (1) the research working package might lead to experimental actions, including changes to land-use models, administration capabilities and considerations of feasibility; and (2) the entire work package can be applied to and implemented in other rural villages in China. Moving beyond environmental scenarios, the outcomes provide evidence that participation and social inclusion might have a deeper and more positive impact on rural village regeneration.
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Kotlyarova, Ekaterina G., Vladimir I. Cherniavskih, and Elena V. Dumacheva. "Ecologically Safe Architecture of Agrolandscape Is Basis for Sustainable Development." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 2 (November 19, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n2p11.
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<p>Worldwide, about 12x10<sup>6</sup> ha of arable land are destroyed and abandoned annually due to soil erosion. This problem is very serious for Krasnogvardeiskiy district, which is most eroded district (72.7% eroded lands) in the Central Chernozem Zone (CCZ) of Russia. Under the leadership of the academician of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences O.G. Kotlyarova the landscape agricultural systems (LASs) were mastered throughout the Krasnogvardeisky district (132 thousand ha). Our investigations showed that the purpose for which LASs were created is reached. Obtained results showed that it is possible to prevent erosive losses and to raise soil fertility. Restoration of soil fertility is presented in terms of increasing of crops productivity-on 25%. Transformation of a landscape basis has increased the general biological capacity of territory more than twice and exchangeable biological capacity by 32%. All these facts have raised assimilability of the transformed territory that allows to consider it, unlike traditional, not as source ??<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere, and as fixed carbon tank which capacity can reach 0,71 t/ha. In turn the intensification of substances circulation leads to increasing of plant production efficiency. Excess is from 14% (productivity of labour expenses) to 43.2% (use efficiency of PAR). In intensively mastered agricultural district (arable lands more than 80%) agroecosystems have been formed, allowing besides its basic function: soil preservation, steady reception of agricultural production, to carry out also the major biospheric function - increasing biological variety, creation of a favorable inhabitancy for live organisms, including human.</p>
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Sun, Qiang. "Urban Land Regulation and the Global Carbon Cycle: Its Ecological and Economic Effects." Open House International 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0006.
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Coordinating the relationship between economic development and environmental protection has emerged as a relevant issue in the economic and social development of China under the pressure of global climate change and international carbon emission reduction. Based on this, starting from the model of traffic structure and land use, land use planning for low carbon cities abroad was studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of urban ecological economic carbon cycle and its land regulation mechanism, the evaluation method of urban land use carbon effect was put forward. Taking the carbon circulation as the premise, starting from the layout characteristics of the urban land use factors, land use planning for urban residential, transportation, industrial and green land was optimized. Taking million springs Music City in Hainan as the example, the ecological planning layout was analyzed. And the planning was carried out from the aspects of spatial pattern, low carbon economy industry, green traffic, flood prevention and green landscape, etc. Urban carbon balance was realized. The results show that the carbon circulation and carbon consumption planning and management of the urban eco economic system based on land use structure optimization are conducive to promoting the development of urban low-carbon economy.
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Shevchenko, Marianna. "PRINCIPAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES OF RECONCILIATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE IN CHINESE GARDENS OF SUZHOU." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 1(25) (September 1, 2019): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-14-28.
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Park and garden design of China initially had relatively few strict limitations and rules and there was a great deal of room for creativity. However study of gardens of Suzhou makes it possible to distinguish some basic compositional design features. Those features are: zoning of the park space; designing of routs for visi-tors; creation of contrast and background both in large landscape zones and in small-scale objects; “land-scape borrowing”; use of depth and succession of landscape views. A major challenge for the architect is creation of complex, multi-layered space, where walking routes between the compositional dominants play a significant role. The use of these design features visually extends the garden space, gives the visitor choice between several routes and enriches content of the garden. Besides, several main design objects can be dis-tinguished, such as: large and small water bodies; artificial mountains and stone groups; garden structures, including pavilions, terraces, towers and galleries; decorations and vegetation. Individual design objects and in particular the architectural structures allow us to elaborate the garden space in more detail. Chinese park is inconceivable without the synthesis between the nature and architecture. The acquisition of basic compositional design features allow us not only to better understand the organization of private gardens in China, but also to use them in own design practice.
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Stein, Katharina, Drissa Coulibaly, Larba Hubert Balima, Dethardt Goetze, Karl Eduard Linsenmair, Stefan Porembski, Kathrin Stenchly, and Panagiotis Theodorou. "Plant-Pollinator Networks in Savannas of Burkina Faso, West Africa." Diversity 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010001.
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West African savannas are severely threatened with intensified land use and increasing degradation. Bees are important for terrestrial biodiversity as they provide native plant species with pollination services. However, little information is available regarding their mutualistic interactions with woody plant species. In the first network study from sub-Saharan West Africa, we investigated the effects of land-use intensity and climatic seasonality on plant–bee communities and their interaction networks. In total, we recorded 5686 interactions between 53 flowering woody plant species and 100 bee species. Bee-species richness and the number of interactions were higher in the low compared to medium and high land-use intensity sites. Bee- and plant-species richness and the number of interactions were higher in the dry compared to the rainy season. Plant–bee visitation networks were not strongly affected by land-use intensity; however, climatic seasonality had a strong effect on network architecture. Null-model corrected connectance and nestedness were higher in the dry compared to the rainy season. In addition, network specialization and null-model corrected modularity were lower in the dry compared to the rainy season. Our results suggest that in our study region, seasonal effects on mutualistic network architecture are more pronounced compared to land-use change effects. Nonetheless, the decrease in bee-species richness and the number of plant–bee interactions with an increase in land-use intensity highlights the importance of savanna conservation for maintaining bee diversity and the concomitant provision of ecosystem services.
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McGrath, Brian, Somporn Sangawongse, Danai Thaikatoo, and Martina Barcelloni Corte. "The Architecture of the Metacity: Land Use Change, Patch Dynamics and Urban Form in Chiang Mai, Thailand." Urban Planning 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i1.869.
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This essay analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics which have emerged from the rapid development of Chiang Mai, Thailand over the last four decades. Modern urbanization since the 1980s in the previously remote Chiang Mai-Lamphun Valley has coincided with digital and financial globalization, neo-liberal governance, and the articulation of a new geological era of the Anthropocene based on evidence of human induced climate change. This time frame serves as a lens to theorize the architecture of the “metacity”, a new urban form and new form of urban practice responding to the demands of global digital financial networks and neo-liberal trade policies, but grounded in the ecology and life worlds of particular localities. The metacity appears in Chiang Mai within the interstices of a particularly fragmented rural/urban mix within a self-organized rather than plan-controlled built environment. The entire valley has been the site of intensive inhabitation for centuries, and recently urbanized, yet is spatially heterogeneous, extensive and patchy rather than ordered, bounded and uniform. The resulting landscape is marked by a disjunction between a feudal wet-rice cultivation land tenure structure overlaid with a market-based typology of urban real estate products with little enforcement of land use controls. The essay begins with theorizing the form of the metacity, continues with a description of the Chiang Mai case study, and concludes with a general assessment of the need to create a new form of metacity urban practice. A metacity design practice would re-conceptualize urban theories and forms by inking architectural and ecological thinking with inclusive social practices, enhanced by new digitally-enhanced urban imaginaries and new representational tools of mapping, modeling and design.
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Crouch, Giorgios. "Exploring, Photographing and Vacationing in J. G. Ballard’s Airport Landscape." Open Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2019-0043.
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Abstract Landscape and architecture has played a major role in J. G. Ballard's writing, I have in particular been fascinated with the use of airports in his work. When attempting to hunt down and photograph J. G. Ballard's airport landscape police and security would disrupt my ability to take photographs meaning initial plans would be altered and I would turn my focus to the peripheries, spending time cut off from the infrastructure, dwelling in abandoned waste land and forgotten patches of wilderness. Inadvertently I would replay the roles of certain characters from Ballard's work, becoming marooned and learning to adapt to the landscape. Photographing these places would yield unusual results, images resembling a science fiction landscape, turning the realist properties of photography on its head. I would discover that the extreme nature of the airport landscape influences those who experience it, so when Ballard's work portrays the modern landscape he is also revealing the unseen psychology of the humans inhabiting it.
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Li, Nan. "A Conceptual Framework for Site Design of Urban Design in China." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.866.
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This paper indicates that there are no more sustainable concerns and instructions about urban design in current China relative planning Code when using the principles of eco-design principles as a lens to critical thinking about site choice, land use, transportation, road system, architecture massing, and spatial urban form. Furthermore, it is very hard for urban designer to design a sustainable project. This can be mitigated by taking mixed land use, TOD (Transit-Oriented Development), and 3D (Three Dimension) design methods. However, to design a sustainable site, to build a high performance building, other eco-design issues such as water saving, energy efficiency, air quality improvement, 3R materials use, eco-landscape etc. must be considered carefully in future design. Sustainable thinking should be the guideline through the whole urban design process.
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Solodilova, Lyubov. "An algorithm for evaluating the cost effectiveness of the facility under design for students with major in architecture." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.6.
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Introduction. It is obviously essential to form economic thinking among students with major in architecture. The notion of the cost effectiveness of the elements of the projected residential environment determines a comprehensive approach to the architectural planning of residential construction with due regard to: requirements for land use planning and urban development zoning, based on building types varying in their use, form of property, services, functionality, number of floors and quality classes; transport and pedestrian traffic, which provides an optimal access to the external supporting infrastructure; landscape planning requirements of sustainable environment. The practical relevance of methodological recommendations lies in the use of the algorithm for evaluating the facility under design, which provides for an effective model of economic development of residential construction. The purpose of methodological recommendations is to illustrate the cost effectiveness of the most appropriate design solution, which covers scientifically based estimation designing criteria in terms of cost indicators, results and the payback period of the implemented investment and construction project. The scientific novelty involves the development of the Algorithm as well as the Procedure for evaluation of a comprehensive cost-effective design model within the scope of architectural planning of residential areas. Materials and methods. The following materials were used: methodological recommendations, rules and regulations, regulations on the permitted use of land plots and capital structures of the Rules for land use and development, the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, regulations on marginal construction costs. Within the scope of reviewing regulatory documents, methods of comparative and absolute effectiveness, the analysis and synthesis of methods for planning, designing and implementing remodeled and new architectural and construction facilities were applied. Results. Scientifically based proposals on the application of the Algorithm of organizational and methodical phases for comprehensive cost-effective modeling of a residence building. Conclusions. The hypothesis regarding the creation of an algorithm for evaluating cost effectiveness of residential construction development has been confirmed.
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Prus, Barbara, Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, and Tomasz Salata. "Landmarks as Cultural Heritage Assets Affecting the Distribution of Settlements in Rural Areas—An Analysis Based on LIDAR DTM, Digital Photographs, and Historical Maps." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111778.
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The final decision of the owner of the plot who plans to build a house depends on many factors most of which are of legal and financial nature. The authors demonstrate that the decisions regarding specific location within the plot of land are influenced by intangible components as well, namely the intention to have the best view. The view is often related to the occurrence of landmarks with prominent visual impact in the landscape that determine visual connections. The rural landscape is determined by the spatial arrangement including the buildings, the shape of public spaces, ownership divisions, and the land distribution. Being an element of rural cultural heritage, the arrangement of buildings is influenced by a vast number of factors such as geographical, historical, physical, and socio-economic ones. This article focuses on determining the interaction between the settlement locations and zones with an excellent, unique view of characteristic, well-known architectural landmarks. Mapping of viewsheds of many features is a critical element of the landscape planning process and facilitates the protection of cultural heritage assets. The analysis involved LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model created in Light Detection and Ranging technology), digital photographs, and historical maps. In terms of the administrative subdivision, the area comprises 20 localities. The landmark visibility analysis for locations of the buildings covered a 140 km2 area of Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The article combines experiences in the field of landscape architecture, spatial planning and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The examples show that the modern development layout refers to the historical structure and the development of a new settlement tissue has a cultural background and is influenced by spatial landmarks.
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Crawford, M. H., K. M. Williams, A. J. W. Biggs, and E. Dafny. "Salinity risk assessment of an irrigation development using treated coal seam gas water in the Condamine River catchment." Soil Research 59, no. 1 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19375.
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All irrigation developments inherently carry a salinity risk, due to an unavoidable change in the water and salt balance. The time frame in which either land or water salinity will develop is driven by the ability of the landscape to absorb the change of water and salt supplied. Factors that influence this are landscape attributes, such as the size of the unsaturated zone and its properties (permeability and drainage), management considerations (land-use changes, water application rate and crop water use) and climate variability (temperature and rainfall). This study assessed the risk of secondary salinity expression occurring in an irrigation area in the Condamine-Balonne catchment in southern inland Queensland, Australia. The objectives were to (1) define the depth, size and properties of the unsaturated zone and regolith, (2) define deep drainage rates for past, present and future land uses and (3) assess this information to calculate the risk that groundwater table rise may result in surface salinity expression. Data collected during field investigations was used to conceptualise the regolith architecture, undertake hydrogeological modelling, estimate the available moisture storage capacity of the unsaturated zone and model paddock deep drainage characteristics. The work identified that irrigation-induced deep drainage had started to mobilise salt stores in the unsaturated zone. It also identified connectivity between land management and salt discharges into the Condamine River. As the water supply for the scheme is scheduled to continue until 2030, there is a clear risk of the unsaturated zone moisture storage capacity being exceeded, leading to both land and surface water salt expressions.
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E. D. Chaves, Michel, Michelle C. A. Picoli, and Ieda D. Sanches. "Recent Applications of Landsat 8/OLI and Sentinel-2/MSI for Land Use and Land Cover Mapping: A Systematic Review." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183062.
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Recent applications of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (L8/OLI) and Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (S2/MSI) data for acquiring information about land use and land cover (LULC) provide a new perspective in remote sensing data analysis. Jointly, these sources permit researchers to improve operational classification and change detection, guiding better reasoning about landscape and intrinsic processes, as deforestation and agricultural expansion. However, the results of their applications have not yet been synthesized in order to provide coherent guidance on the effect of their applications in different classification processes, as well as to identify promising approaches and issues which affect classification performance. In this systematic review, we present trends, potentialities, challenges, actual gaps, and future possibilities for the use of L8/OLI and S2/MSI for LULC mapping and change detection. In particular, we highlight the possibility of using medium-resolution (Landsat-like, 10–30 m) time series and multispectral optical data provided by the harmonization between these sensors and data cube architectures for analysis-ready data that are permeated by publicizations, open data policies, and open science principles. We also reinforce the potential for exploring more spectral bands combinations, especially by using the three Red-edge and the two Near Infrared and Shortwave Infrared bands of S2/MSI, to calculate vegetation indices more sensitive to phenological variations that were less frequently applied for a long time, but have turned on since the S2/MSI mission. Summarizing peer-reviewed papers can guide the scientific community to the use of L8/OLI and S2/MSI data, which enable detailed knowledge on LULC mapping and change detection in different landscapes, especially in agricultural and natural vegetation scenarios.
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Lobosco, Gianni. "landscapes." Convergences - Journal of Research and Arts Education 13, no. 25 (August 9, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53681/c1514225187514391s.25.9.
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The essay discusses the theoretical implications of ecological restoration in landscape architecture. The study presents a management plan for highly damaged peatlands in the Isle of Skye in Scotland, where the habitat is threatened by a radical forestation process. Being a natural carbon stock, damaged peatlands are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. The project suggests gradually turning the case-study area's economy from tree farming to tourism, making the most out of the unique biodiversity of peatlands. The proposal traces a chronological activation plan of a touristic network that will run in parallel with the restoration of peats, native broadleaf forests, heather and cotton-grass meadows. Depending on the ability to recover of different soils, the restoration plan intends to gradually activate new dynamics in the landscape. The result is a stable “novel ecosystem” whose key interactions and processes are induced by new biotic and abiotic conditions. The article investigates and discusses possible strategies to develop a new kind of wilderness that differs from any previous condition and emerges from an alternative land use.
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Kealhofer, Lisa, and Peter Grave. "Land Use, Political Complexity, and Urbanism in Mainland Southeast Asia." American Antiquity 73, no. 2 (April 2008): 200–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600042256.
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Debates about the development of political complexity and cities are typically focused on material cultural correlates and situated within the wider context of the emergence of states. Conventionally, state emergence is linked to agricultural surpluses and a new phase of agricultural intensification. However, this approach remains fundamentally reliant on the preservation of an appropriate and diverse suite of material cultural correlates. For mainland Southeast Asia, archaeological correlates of early political complexity are comparatively impoverished and are dominated by evidence from disparate burial contexts and architecture. In this paper, we employ an alternative approach based on a case study from north central Thailand that uses paleoenvironmental evidence of land use. These data are then related to historical urban development in the region. We suggest that large-scale patterns of agricultural expansion relate directly to increases in political complexity. Our results demonstrate that the long-term development of large-scale agricultural landscapes in this region predates the earliest evidence of monumental cities in central Thailand. We conclude that significant progress in better understanding the emergence of complex societies, both in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, is unlikely to be possible without more systematic integration of archaeological and paleoenvironmental approaches.
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Šťastná, Milada, and Jana Dufková. "New tool for education and training in sustainable land use." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 4 (2007): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755040089.
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Almost every professional sector has embarked on the move toward sustainability. Most notably, business, architecture and design, urban and rural planning, agriculture, local and state governments, non-governmental organizations and higher education. European landscapes are facing rapid changes in land use, where understanding and management of this process is essential. Sustainability has become a widely acknowledged dimension of human actions, but still little stress is put on education in sustainability. This paper identifies focus of education, gives suggestions for improvements and presents a new tool for education and training in sustainable land use – “Road Planner”. As results, it provides all users with new interesting facts on sustainability in the European Union and additional materials related to sustainable land use and Sustainability Impact Assessments (SIA). Users got the access to updated information regarding approximately 3000 courses on offer in this topic area throughout the European Union as well as case studies to compare sustainability practices in these countries in comparison to other parts of the world. Furthermore the end result of the information chain also leads the user to a collection of links such as interesting websites and further reading in the topic area.
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Zivanovic-Miljkovic, Jelena, Tijana Crncevic, and Igor Maric. "Land use planning for sustainable development of peri-urban zones." Spatium, no. 28 (2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1228015z.
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Taking into consideration that growth of urban population has impacts on land use and that managing urban population change is one of the most important contemporary challenges, this paper deals with the sustainable development of peri-urban zones which represent important an environment where employment opportunities are developed and resources exploited (particularly agricultural resources) and environment where important recreational and leisure activities could be pursued. Within the review of current concepts and planning practices, the concepts of multifunctional agriculture and multifunctional landscapes in peri-urban zones are pointed out, as well as EU Developing Periurban Projects. The paper particularly focuses on the current situation in Serbia, where there is no specific legal basis for the planning of peri-urban areas, although there are positive examples of strategies, regulations and planning documents which treat agriculture and greenery in peri-urban zones in a sustainable manner.
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Newman, Galen, Tianqi Shi, Zhen Yao, Dongying Li, Garett Sansom, Katie Kirsch, Gaston Casillas, and Jennifer Horney. "Citizen Science-Informed Community Master Planning: Land Use and Built Environment Changes to Increase Flood Resilience and Decrease Contaminant Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020486.
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Communities adjacent to concentrated areas of industrial land use (CAILU) are exposed to elevated levels of pollutants during flood disasters. Many CAILU are also characterized by insufficient infrastructure, poor environmental quality, and socially vulnerable populations. Manchester, TX is a marginalized CAILU neighborhood proximate to several petrochemical industrial sites that is prone to frequent flooding. Pollutants from stormwater runoff discharge from industrial land uses into residential areas have created increased toxicant exposures. Working with local organizations, centers/institutes, stakeholders, and residents, public health researchers sampled air, water, indoor dust, and outdoor soil while researchers from landscape architecture and urban planning applied these findings to develop a community-scaled master plan. The plan utilizes land use and built environment changes to increase flood resiliency and decrease exposure to contaminants. Using a combination of models to assess the performance, costs, and benefits of green infrastructure and pollutant load impacts, the master plan is projected to capture 147,456 cubic feet of runoff, and create $331,400 of annual green benefits by reducing air pollution and energy use, providing pollution treatment, increase carbon dioxide sequestration, and improve groundwater replenishment. Simultaneously, there is a 41% decrease across all analyzed pollutants, reducing exposure to and transferal of toxic materials.
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Verešová, Martina, and Ján Supuka. "Changes of landscape structure and cultural values of vineyard landscape." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 5 (2013): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051459.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the structural changes development of vineyard type of cultural agriculture landscape in Čajkov cadastre. In landscape space out of built up rural settlement Čajkov the vineyards create a specific landscape segment which covers 6% of the whole cadastre area. Two time development periods are compared, i.e. 1896s and 2010s, or 2011s with emphasis to land use form changes and area size changes of vineyard parcels. The result shows that vineyards represent more than 100 hundred years continuity of historical valuable cultural landscape which was not influenced by agricultural collectivisation processes within the second part of the 20th century. The second part of the paper is aimed to assess cultural value of the vineyards by using 9 different criteria such as: age of vineyards, area plots and mosaic structures, archaic vine technology, anthropogenic relief, old vineyard’s buildings and sacral architectural elements, old large and rare fruit trees, traditional and local vine sorts, archaeological locality and finds. Assessed vineyards landscape of Čajkov cadastre is unique, has well preserved historical continuity in landscape structure and a high cultural and historic value.
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Feifei, Zhang, Cai Jianming, and Liu Gang. "How Urban Agriculture is Reshaping Peri-Urban Beijing?" Open House International 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2009-b0003.
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In Beijing, urban agriculture (UA) experienced a corkscrew development with its role changing in decades: It has evolved from the purely production mode to multi-functional urban agriculture, fulfilling both social and ecological demands. At present, the practice of UA as well as the number of rural to urban migrants is growing rapidly in peri-urban Beijing. Through Multi-stakeholder Process for Action planning and Policy Design (MPAP) methodology and four in-depth case studies, we can see that UA activities are playing very important roles in reshaping peri-urban Beijing. Socially, UA induces the emergence of new migrant communities. While migrants rebuild their social network, they are changed by the city as well, which has also changed the local community. The new comers are on their way to creating a new balance. Physically, urban and peri-urban farmland limits urban sprawl, supplies agricultural products for everyday life, and reserves urban green spaces for recreation and leisure for citizens in Beijing, which has changed the landscape and land use and land cover (LUCC) pattern greatly. Under Beijing's land policy, the concentric configuration spatial allocation through multi-functional UA is formed, which at the same time due to migrants' UA activities are creating harmful and low efficient land use pattern which should be of concern.
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Fan, Xiao Li. "How to Lead Low-Carbon City Construction Development by Low Carbon Ideology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3202.
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Climate crisis has become the main concern of International community. China is undergoing the quick growing period of urbanization. The fast urbanization inevitably encountered a lot of problems and defects. Our carbon emission occupy more and more percentage of the whole world. To change the traditional way of constructing activity and work towards low-carbon city development mode is the most important task of China city development. From the causes of low carbon cities construction and its significance, this essay focuses on the space structure, traffic mode, land use and landscape architecture framework of constructing a low-carbon city. Low carbon urban construction planning is also presented.
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Sui, Changqing, and Wei Lu. "Study on the Urban Fringe Based on the Expansion–Shrinking Dynamic Pattern." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105718.
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The urban fringe, as a part of an urban spatial form, plays a considerably major role in urban expansion and shrinking. After decades of rapid development, Chinese cities have advanced from a simple expansion stage to an expansion–shrinking-coexistence stage. In urban shrinking and expansion, the urban fringe shows different characteristics and requirements for specific aspects such as urban planning, land use, urban landscape, ecological protection, and architectural form, thereby forming expanding and shrinking urban fringes. A comprehensive study of expanding and shrinking urban fringes and their patterns is theoretically significant for urban planning, land use, planning management, and ecological civilisation construction.
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Li, Jie, and Xiang Ying Zhang. "Public Landscape Regeneration Design Strategy in the Old City Reconstruction Based on the Restoration Ecology." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.505.
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There are two most important things in old town reconstruction: the functional reconstruction and landscape regeneration. Purpose is to restore its ability of sustainable development. In landscape architecture, planning industry refers to the land for a certain range of perceived visual things and events , as well as the art of relationship with the surrounding space organization. What is the public landscape, the author thinks that the public landscape is within the category of landscape, is open to the general public, is the landscape place for public use, enjoy and entertainment. Such as city square, commercial landscape, street landscape, residential landscape,, mountain landscape, waterfront landscape, etc.Old city reconstruction of four kinds of modes: completely torn down; keep the old city, nearby building auxiliary city; the continuation of historical context, the whole old as sweet; keep the old appearance, update of internal functions. Four patterns, the old as before and update the internal function of two models design provides a platform for regeneration. Environmental regulation is the foundation in the old city reconstruction, public landscape construction is the key, the public landscape regeneration can be designed on the basis of the original resources; using the landscape design methods to existing resources for rebuilding, expansion or repair, realize the value of reuse. The old town has a lot of historic culture, which is the soul of the city, in the process of public landscape regeneration design, place spirit of the city is also the key in the process of transformation. Both the pursuit of enjoyment on the vision and the pursuit of the heart of comfort, regenerative designs are effective methods.
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Kavaliauskas, Paulius. "PREREQUISITES AND IMAGE OF THE PARADIGMS TO CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FORMING / KULTŪRINIO KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO FORMAVIMO PARADIGMŲ PRIELAIDOS IR RAIŠKA." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 1 (April 9, 2013): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.777553.
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Land management in the interests of rational optimization of spatial planning, not just a description of the existing shortcomings and problems, but also a scientifically-based provisions in the cultural landscape development and a public interest consistent with the design methodology. A complex of the regulatory paradigms for cultural landscape planning – sustainable and balanced development, geographical, architectural and optimizing – is recommended. The German and British experience in the field of landscape planning is and its potential use to improve the Lithuanian territory planning system is presented. As the landscape optimization problem expresses the aspirations of society against its structure, its decision largely depends on the intentions of the public culture, national economic development and education development level. Santrauka Racionalios kraštotvarkos interesai reikalauja optimizuoti teritorijų planavimą ne tik įvardijant esamas spragas bei problemas, bet ir turėti moksliškai pagrįstas nuostatas dėl šalies kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio raidos kelių bei priimti visuomenės interesus atitinkančią jo kūrimo metodologiją. Rekomenduojamas kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio planavimą reguliuojančių paradigmų – tvaraus vystymo, geografinės, architektūrinės ir optimizacinės – kompleksas. Įvertinama Vokietijos ir Didžiosios Britanijos patirtis kraštovaizdžio planavimo srityje ir galimas jos pritaikymas tobulinant Lietuvos teritorijos planavimo sistemą. Kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio optimalumo problema išreiškia visuomenės siekius jo struktūros atžvilgiu, todėl jos sprendimas smarkiai priklauso nuo visuomenės kultūros intencijų, krašto ekonominio išsivystymo bei mokslo pažangos.
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Hagan, Susannah. "Metabolic suburbs, or the virtue of low densities." Architectural Research Quarterly 16, no. 1 (March 2012): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135512000243.
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The ‘Compact City’ model of sustainable development relies almost exclusively on transport energy analysis to justify the raising of low residential densities by the insertion of higher density dwellings within them. Higher densities mean more people per hectare, which makes public transport more economically viable, which cuts down on car use, which saves transport energy. Suburbs are very popular, however - over 80% of the populations of the UK and the US would prefer to live in them - and they can't all be bulldozed or ‘densified’. Turning the Compact City model on its head frees us to ask what environmental advantages low densities might have. Most suburbs have abundant open land, and land can perform: grow food and fuel, collect and recycle water, modify harsh microclimates, save and generate energy. The ‘performative’ potential of the suburban landscape can transform it into a grown infrastructure contributing to the reduction of the overall environmental impact of a city region, justifying its relatively low densities.
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Asaaga, Festus A. "Building on “Traditional” Land Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Rural Ghana: Adaptive or Anachronistic?" Land 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020143.
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Despite the ongoing land administration reforms being implemented across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including Ghana, as a viable pathway to achieve tenure security and greater efficiency in land administration, the subject of land dispute resolution has received relatively less attention. Whereas customary tenure institutions play a central role in land administration (controlling ~80% of all land in Ghana), they remain at the fringes of the formal land dispute adjudicatory process. Recognising the pivotal role of traditional institutions as development agents and potential vehicles for promoting good land governance, recent discourses on land tenure have geared toward mainstreaming traditional land dispute institutions into the architecture of the formal judicial process via alternative dispute resolution pathways. Yet, little is known, at least empirically, as to the operations of traditional dispute resolution institutions in the contemporary context. This study therefore explores the importance of traditional dispute resolution institutions in the management of land-related disputes in southcentral and western Ghana, drawing on data collated from 380 farming households operating 746 plots. The results show that contrary to the conventional thinking that traditional institutions are anachronistic and not fit for purpose, they remain strong and a preferred forum for land dispute resolution (proving resilient and adaptable), given the changing socio-economic and tenurial conditions. Yet, these forums have differing implications for different actors within the customary spheres accessing them. The results highlight practical ways for incorporating traditional dispute resolution in the overall land governance setup in Ghana and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. This has implications for redesigning context-specific and appropriate land-use policy interventions that address local land dispute resolution.
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Al Mamun, Md Mustiafiz, Pranjib Paul, Sadman Noor, and Anjuman Ara Begum. "Reviving the Urban Water-Edge: History and Heritage Morphology in the Envisaging of Chittagong City." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics 19, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.19.2.2020.3775.
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Ancient settlements were dependent on the availability of water for sustainable living, ritual values, and economic purposes. Today, many Tropical Asian cities provide examples of urban settlements within water landscapes, yet these cities struggle with water issues, and face challenges in creating a contextual morphological identity. This paper explores urban waterfront heritage through a case study of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The city is experiencing rapid unplanned urbanisation, insensitive land use and the demolition of historical buildings along waterways, which in turn has created a contextual crisis in the built environment and social living. To explore the relationship of built heritage with the water-edge, this paper examines historical architectural styles using urban morphological codes. Results show that the historical orientations, accessibility, and functions of heritage buildings are explicitly and sensitively connected with the water-edge. The paper argues that physical and spatial components of urban structure and water landscape, incorporating the lessons of urban history, could become a tool to preserve urban heritage. However, to enhance the image of the city in a sustainable manner along water-edges, it is crucial to use the potentiality of water landscape with the heritage-based morphologies in current urban design and development practices.
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Zalutskyy, Ivan. "Transformation of the land resources potential of the cities in the Western region of Ukraine." Regional Economy, no. 1(95) (2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-1-8.
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The article deals with the analysis of scientific approaches to interpreting the term ‘land resources potential’. It suggests the definition ‘land resources potential of administrative unit’, which stands for a total ability of available land resources to provide the interests of the local community in social, economic, and territorial development, to conserve the landscape, ecological, historical, and architectural features of the area. The paper emphasizes that starting from June 1, 2016, StateGeoCadastre of Ukraine does not conduct statistical reporting on quantitative accounting of lands, therefore it causes the risks in the sphere of transparent and rational use. On the basis of 2010-2016 land statistical reporting, the article describes the specifics and tendencies of land resources transformation in the Western cities of Ukraine according to the main types of land use purposes. The structural transformations of the land fund in such cities are determined to be conditioned by the peculiarities of economic activity, its diversification and improvement of its economic activity based on the attraction of capital investments. The unified requirements and administrative procedures are suggested to be established on the legislative level regarding: boundaries identification of settled areas and united territorial communities under their jurisdiction; conducting the total land inventory within administrative divisions; qualitative functioning of e-info interaction among the State land cadaster, urban cadaster, the State Registration of Immovable Property Corporeal Rights, registers (lists) of the objects of cultural heritage, ecological and other state cadasters, registers and databases; actualization of the documentation on spatial planning on unique infoDigital platform ‘Land planning’; renewing of systematic proceeding of state statistical reporting on quantitative land registration, etc.
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Li, Baihua, and James Miller. "Fractal Cityscape." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.4.2785.
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There is an increasing demand for the simulation of large-scale "free-flow" urban environments in games or other virtual reality worlds. Currently most 3D cityscapes are generated by time consuming manually pre-scripted "room-to-room" approaches. Although the effectiveness of fractal modelling of rural landscape or architecture has been studied extensively, there is a relative dearth of research on fractal modelling of cityscapes. Inspired by modern fractal city theory, we intend to develop an automatic fractal-based method to address this problem. In particular, we will investigate how fractal theory can be used to mathematically simulate the multi-level hierarchical urban structure corresponding to various land use property probabilities of city regions. Tentative findings and results are presented in this paper
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Arnoldussen, Stijn, and David Fontijn. "Towards Familiar Landscapes? On the Nature and Origin of Middle Bronze Age Landscapes in the Netherlands." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 72 (2006): 289–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000864.
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In many regions in north-west Europe, the Middle Bronze Age is seen as the first period in which a ‘humanly-ordered’ agrarian landscape took shape that has resonance with rural landscapes of historical periods. But what did this ‘ordering’ actually involve? Basing ourselves on a survey of the rich evidence from the Netherlands – including the evidence on everyday settlement sites as well as the use of the non-everyday ‘ritual’ zones in the land – we argue that from c. 1500 cal BC onwards the landscape was organised and structured by specific, ideological concepts of regularity and categorisation that are distinct from those of the preceding Neolithic and Earlier Bronze Age. We will show that elaborate three-aisled farmhouses of very regular layout emerged here around c. 1500 cal BC and argue that this profound architectural change cannot simply be explained by assuming agricultural intensification combined with indoor stalling of cattle, as conventional theories would have it. Also, we will argue that the way in which the settled land was used from this period onwards was also different than before. Neolithic and Early Bronze Age settlements, far from being ‘ephemeral’, seem to have been organised along different lines than those of the Middle Bronze Age-B (MBA-B: 1500–1050 cal BC). The same holds true for the way in which barrows structured the land. Although they were significant elements in the organisation of the landscape from the Late Neolithic onwards and do hardly change in outer form, we will show that MBA barrows played a different role in the structuring of landscape, adhering to long-term categorisation and zoning therein. A similar attitude can also be discerned in patterns of object deposition in ‘natural’ places. Practices of selective deposition existed long before the MBA-B but, because of different subsistence bases of the pre-MBA-B communities, their interpretations of unaltered ‘natural’ places will have differed significantly. The presence of multiple deposition zones in the MBA-B also must have relied on a unprecedented way of persistent categorisation of the ‘natural’ environment. Finally, the evidence from ‘domestic, funerary and ritual’ sites is recombined in order to typify what the Dutch Middle Bronze Age landscape was about.
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Demina, A. D. "STONES, SEA AND BARROWS: SCYTHIAN TIME SITES IN THE LANDSCAPE OF NORTHERN AZOV COAST." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 26, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.01.09.
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Herodotus described the land to the north of the Maeotian lake as a place where the royal Scythian tribes lived. Today, the northern coast of the Azov sea is most commonly associated with this land. However, even though nomadic barrows have been excavated there for more than a century, this region remains the blind spot on the archaeological map of European Scythia, in the comparison to the neighboring sites in the Dnieper and Don basins. Only the «elite» Scythian burial sites, such as Melitopol kurgan, Bierdiansk kurgan and Dvohorba mohyla have been analyzed in the broader context of nomadic burial practices. To address this gap, I have made a closer examination of 117 barrows with 160 burials of Scythian time in this region. In particular, I focused on whether the distinctive features of the local landscape correlate to the burial construction patterns. The sites, included in this research, are located within the 60 km area to the north of coastline. The latitudinal extend of this area is approximately 380 km. In addition, several sites, such as Tokmak barrows and Perederieva mohyla, which are not located in the Azov littoral, but in the upstream basins of coastal rivers are surveyed as well. This territory is divided in several geographic zones, though the high-cliffed Donets ridge and Azov Upland along with flat lowlands of Black Sea and Azov sea occupy the largest part of it. Considering the size and diversity of the territory, the claim of studying some common landscape characteristics seems to be problematic. However, this study shows that land use strategies have reflected in (1) the pattern and frequency of stone constructions, (2) the use of marine eelgrass as architectural material and (3) the arrangement of sites in regard to the bronze age barrows. This analysis contributes to the understanding of regional differentiation of burial sites and land use characteristics in Scythian time.
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Silva, Pedro Resende, Fausto Weimar Acerbi Júnior, Luis Marcelo Tavares de Carvalho, and José Roberto Soares Scolforo. "Use of artificial neural networks and geographic objects for classifying remote sensing imagery." CERNE 20, no. 2 (June 2014): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760.201420021615.
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The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for mapping land use and land cover in the northern region of Minas Gerais state, where, in addition to agricultural land, the landscape is dominated by native cerrado, deciduous forests, and extensive areas of vereda. Using forest inventory data, as well as RapidEye, Landsat TM and MODIS imagery, three specific objectives were defined: 1) to test use of image segmentation techniques for an object-based classification encompassing spectral, spatial and temporal information, 2) to test use of high spatial resolution RapidEye imagery combined with Landsat TM time series imagery for capturing the effects of seasonality, and 3) to classify data using Artificial Neural Networks. Using MODIS time series and forest inventory data, time signatures were extracted from the dominant vegetation formations, enabling selection of the best periods of the year to be represented in the classification process. Objects created with the segmentation of RapidEye images, along with the Landsat TM time series images, were classified by ten different Multilayer Perceptron network architectures. Results showed that the methodology in question meets both the purposes of this study and the characteristics of the local plant life. With excellent accuracy values for native classes, the study showed the importance of a well-structured database for classification and the importance of suitable image segmentation to meet specific purposes.
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Marques, Bruno, Jacqueline McIntosh, and Victoria Chanse. "Improving Community Health and Wellbeing Through Multi-Functional Green Infrastructure in Cities Undergoing Densification." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 23, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2020-0020.
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AbstractEvidence shows that maintaining a relationship with nature is essential for human health and wellbeing. This is of great importance when migration to urban areas is increasing globally and the need for nature as well as green and blue spaces as a source of recreation and relaxation is highly regarded for the health and wellbeing of local communities. Sustainable urban development and alternative design solutions to address urban compactness and densification are becoming increasingly important tools to counteract the adverse effects of urban sprawl. In the context of the highly compact bicultural capital city of Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand, this paper examines the effects of urban densification and compact city development in urban green spaces. It explores how architecture and landscape architecture can transform urban environments into desirable places to live and capitalise on the potentials of interstitial spaces, outdated zoning and changing land-use. To achieve that, it looks at green and blue infrastructure design solutions and opportunities that foster sustainable intensification and by offering new views for health and wellbeing that improve the social, cultural and environmental health of the city.
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Pihler, Vladimir, Tamara Zelenovic-Vasiljevic, and Dragana Duncic. "Water management, environmental protection and spatial planning reconciliation: "Accommodating" the Danube and the Tisa river in Serbia." Spatium, no. 29 (2013): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1329049p.
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Water management in Serbia has been mostly operating in a framework of public companies and institutions focused on strictly sectorial and technical expertise on hydraulic engineering, environmental protection and navigable traffic engineering within the highly autonomous legislative framework. On the cross-point of spatial planning and water management there is a growing debate on the important discourses of the policy domains. Seeing rivers as an ?accommodated? generator of opportunities is a statement which is opposing the traditional consideration of strict separation of water from the land. Spatial planning as a framework for regulating the land use has an important function in integrating the water management and landscape more closely. In Serbian spatial planning practice there is growing practice of area-specific development planning (reflected through the Spatial plans for the special-purpose areas) which are considered to accommodate new ideas on spatiality better than the traditional, sectorial planning documents. The question is placed as to how these practices could direct new spatial arrangements of integrative collaborative spatial planning and not just merely reflect the framework of the existing planning order. This paper seeks the potential and actual role of spatial planning in addressing challenges related to particular river environments on the Tisa and the Danube rivers. The research is based on the analysis of two Spatial plans for the special-purpose areas which are still in conceptual phase - The Cultural landscape of Bac and Multifunctional ecological corridor of the Tisa river.
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Boca, Silvia, and Aleksa Korolija. "Architectural conjectural mapping: two examples." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196306003.
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Mapping is a key research tool to understand the relationship between specific geographical features and territorial transformations (settlement patterns, hydraulic works, new rail and road infrastructure, land-use change). Starting from the Italian academic tradition (Muratori, Caniggia, Rossi) that focused mainly on the urban context we have developed mapping for fringe-areas at various scales: from city and countryside to expanding rural areas that mark the shifting boundaries(using the agricultural Behera-Region/Alexandria in Egypt and the Belgrade urban evolution in Serbia). Mapping should envision not only the geomorphological features but also the complexity of the landscape structure, as a repository of layers, questioning what are we looking for through mapping and constructing the legend accordingly: selecting which elements need to be highlighted or remain latent and which additional elements need to be identified with the help of complementary sources. GIS holds potential for showing key physical features, their extent, quantity and position in a single glance but is mapping the same as tracing? Is it capable of showing the space-time whirl in landscape transformations?
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Callens, Alexandre. "Mapping the Palimpsest of Milieus: Towards a Shared Project on the Open Spaces of the Plaine Lyon-Saint-Exupéry." Urban Planning 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.2795.
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This article examines the tools and methods that contribute towards the development of open-space projects in urban countrysides as part of land-use planning processes. It focuses on the creation of a support to encourage dialogue between ecology and landscape architecture professionals, in relation to their common interest in the history of the territories they are analysing. Based on the notion of palimpsest, we propose an original methodology for the cartographic representation of milieus, designed as a tool for interprofessional work. We conducted an experiment within the operational context of the Plaine Lyon-Saint-Exupéry so as to set out this method of data and map production on GIS software, reinterpreting the historical atlas of the Canton of Geneva (Corboz, 1983; Léveillé et al., 1993). We will see that these cartographic representations allow for unique readings of planned territory in order to imagine its future. For ecology and landscape professionals working on the open spaces in question, they contribute to develop complementary project intents and new modes of exchange with local actors with regard to its co-construction. The palimpsest mapping tool may therefore be defined as an ‘intermediary object’ for a shared multifunctional project on open spaces.
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Song, Xin-Yi, Ya Gao, Yubo Peng, Sen Huang, Chao Liu, and Zhong-Ren Peng. "A machine learning approach to modelling the spatial variations in the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of Shanghai, China." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808320975031.
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It is challenging to forecast high-resolution spatial-temporal patterns of intra-urban air pollution and identify impacting factors at the regional scale. Studies have attempted to capture features of air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using land use regression models, but this method overlooks the multi-collinearity of factors, non-linear correlations between factors and air pollutants, and it fails to perform well when processing daily data. However, machine learning is a feasible approach for establishing persuasive intra-urban air pollution daily variation models. In this article, random forest is utilised to establish intra-urban PM2.5 and NO2 spatial-temporal variation models and is compared to the traditional land use regression method. Taking the city of Shanghai, China as the case area, 36 station-measured daily records in two and a half years of PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were collected. And over 80 different predictors associated with meteorological and geographical conditions, transportation, community population density, land use and points of interest are used to construct the land use regression and random forest models. Results from the two methods are compared and impacting factors identified. Explained variance ( R2) is used to quantify and compare model performance. The final land use regression model explains 49.3% and 42.2% of the spatial variation in ambient PM2.5 and NO2, respectively, whereas the random forest model explains 78.1% and 60.5% of the variance. Regression mappings for unsampled sites on a grid pattern of 1 km × 1 km are also implemented. The random forest model is shown to perform much better than the land use regression model. In general, the findings suggest that the random forest approach offers a robust improvement in predicting performance compared to the land use regression model in estimating daily spatial variations in ambient PM2.5 and NO2.