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1
Hughes, Harrison G., and James E. Klett. "Accommodating Change in a Diverse Horticulture Curriculum." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 694b—694. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.694b.
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The Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture offers majors in Horticulture with four concentrations (Floriculture, Horticultural Business Management, Horticultural Food Crops, and Horticultural Science) and Landscape Horticulture with three concentrations (Landscape Design and Construction, Nursery and Landscape Management, and Turf Management). A third major in Landscape Architecture is also offered. The department maintained the concentrations in past years of low enrollment by switching courses to alternate years, dropping nonmajor courses, and through hiring part-time staff. Currently, increasing enrollments, with limited additional funding and the need for broadened general requirements, increased career guidance, and capstone courses have increased pressures on consolidation of concentrations. Faculty have refocused senior courses to create capstone courses in several concentrations, moved the senior seminar to sophomore status for career enhancement, and are currently discussing other options.
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Peterson, Cathleen A., L. Brooke McDowell, and Chris A. Martin. "286 Plant Life Form Frequency, Diversity, and Irrigation Application in Urban Residential Landscapes." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491E—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491e.
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Heightened awareness of ecological concerns have prompted many municipalities to promote water conservation through landscape design. In central Arizona, urban residential landscapes containing desert-adapted plant species are termed xeriscapes, while those containing temperate or tropical species and turf are termed mesoscapes. Research was conducted to ascertain landscape plant species diversity, tree, shrub, and ground cover frequency; landscape canopy area coverage; and monthly irrigation application volumes for xeric and mesic urban residential landscapes. The residential urban landscapes were located in Tempe and Phoenix, Ariz., and all were installed initially between 1985 and 1995. Although species composition of xeric and mesic landscapes was generally dissimilar, both landscape types had comparable species diversity. Mesoscapes had significantly more trees and shrubs and about 2.3 times more canopy area coverage per landscaped area than xeriscapes. Monthly irrigation application volumes per landscaped surface area were higher for xeriscapes. Even though human preference for xeric landscape plants may be ecological in principle, use of desert-adapted species in central Arizona urban residential landscape settings might not result in less landscape water use compared with mesic landscapes.
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Spinti, Jane E., Rolston St. Hilaire, and Dawn VanLeeuwen. "Balancing Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation in a Desert Community." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0072.
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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Las Cruces, N.M., to determine design features participants valued in their landscapes, their attitudes toward the landscape use of desert plants and opinions on factors that would encourage respondents to reduce landscape water use. We also determined whether the willingness to use desert plants in their landscapes related to the length of residency in the southwestern United States. At least 98% of respondents landscaped to enhance the appearance of their home and increase their property value. About half (50.6%) of the participants strongly agreed or agreed that the main reason to landscape was to display their landscape preferences. Many participants indicated they would use desert plants to landscape their front yard (80.3%) and back yard (56.3%), but relatively lower percentages of participants actually had desert landscapes in their front yard and back yard. Regardless of their property value, respondents were more likely to use desert plants in their backyard the shorter their stay in the desert. Data revealed that participants rank water shortages as the factor that would most likely cause them to reduce the amount of water they applied to their landscapes. We conclude that homeowners report willingness to use desert plants but desert-type landscapes are not a widespread feature of managed residential landscapes. Furthermore, water shortages and the length of time respondents spent in a desert environment would most likely influence water use in their landscapes.
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Hurley-Kurtz, Pauline. "Graphics for Horticulture Students." HortTechnology 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.129.
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This paper discusses the benefits of including the visual and graphic arts in a horticultural curriculum, as a means for fostering creativity and reading the landscape. It describes the curricular sequence in the graphic communication seminar and studio—a joint studio for horticulture and landscape architecture students at Temple University, Ambler, Pa. This sequence begins with freehand drawing, and progresses to mechanical drafting, drawing construction and rendering.
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Pridorogin, M. V., A. I. Butenko, A. S. Gordeev, and A. V. Verzilin. "Criteria for a systematic approach in the digitalization of horticulture of agricultural enterprise." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 61 (August 3, 2020): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-61-153-169.
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The analysis of the relevance of the State land policy in the Russian Federation (RF) is given. The perspective of its implementation is shown taking into account the technological policy for land management of “work sites” on an ecological-landscape basis. A way is proposed to optimize the horticultural system in agricultural enterprises using knowledge engineering methods and sustainable development methodology. The purpose of the study is to identify the modern tasks of horticulture in agricultural enterprises, the formation of environmentally friendly industrial landscapes for them, ensuring the effective management of the production of fruit and berry products. In the work, methods of different scientific fields were used that substantiate the knowledge base “garden landscape” of an agricultural enterprise. These include geobotany, phytocenology, biogeocenology, ecology landscape, landscape ecology, environmental engineering and knowledge engineering. These areas are not yet used in the methodology of horticulture and seem to us extremely necessary in accordance with the requirements of modern legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation imposed on the greening and digitalization of fruit and berry production and land use. They were chosen by us not so much for improving the “gardening system” as for engineering and management of environmentally friendly production. To create a knowledge base on the “garden landscape” of an agricultural enterprise, the importance of the ontology of primary bio-, phyto-, eco- and geosystems is substantiated, a system of “transitionstranslations” between them is proposed to prepare the digitalization of horticulture. The development of accounting methods for different types of landscape territorial structures for agro ecological assessment of lands on the catchments of the hydrographic network, agro ecological requirements of crops (varieties) to environmental factors, identification of garden able “primary agro ecologically homogeneous land plots” for the horticultural system, the need for their selection as work sites is recommended . It is proposed to carry out digitalization of horticulture on a new scientific platform, Nature-Industrial Systems (NIS), taking into account the knowledge of the garden landscape and the methodology of a systematic approach to solving the problems of sustainable development, perfection and optimization of the basic technology registers, certification of applied developments, energy control.
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Morris, Robert L., and Angela O'Callaghan*. "Landscape Retrofit: Redesigning Desert Landscapes." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.839a.
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The Las Vegas Valley receives most of its water from the Colorado River due to a static federal water allocation the remainder from pumping groundwater. The increased water demand due to the population rise in the Las Vegas Valley is expected to overtake its current water allocation in the next few years. Over 60% of the potable water used in the Las Vegas valley is used to irrigate urban landscapes. Poorly designed desert landscapes can ultimately use more water than traditional landscapes and increase residential energy costs. Most of the desert landscaping currently installed by homeowners either ignores principles that conserve water or conserve energy. The program was designed to be used with homeowner associations and commercial landscapers. The residential homeowner proved to be the most responsive to this type of program. The overall goal of this program is to teach residents how to convert a high water use landscape to lower water use and reduce dependence on potable water for irrigation and still maintain high quality landscapes. In 1995, a 7-week, hands-on, landscape design curriculum was developed and used to teach homeowners how to create desert landscape designs that conserve water and energy and compared its water use to traditional, turfgrass landscapes. Participants leave the course with a finished design of their making with information on how to install the landscape themselves or how to hire a professional to do the installation. In 1996-97 a Master Gardener was taught and mentored how to teach the class in Las Vegas using the existing curriculum. Since 1995, over 500 residents have been trained and water use savings documented by the existing water purveyors. This program is self-funded through class fees.
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Mitchell, Shelley E., and Justin Q. Moss. "A High School Summer Academy’s Effect on Increasing Awareness of the Horticulture Industry and Its Potential to Develop Future Horticulturists." HortTechnology 27, no. 2 (April 2017): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03602-16.
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This study examines the impact of a residential horticultural career academy, Camp Tomorrow’s Undergraduates Realizing the Future (TURF), conducted from 2010 to 2016 at Oklahoma State University (OSU) in Stillwater, OK. Each year, up to 25 Oklahoma high school students were engaged in 2 weeks of hands-on activities representing a variety of horticulture-related careers. Instructors for Camp TURF included OSU faculty, staff, and graduate students from the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, related OSU departments, and horticulture and landscape architecture industry professionals. The Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education sponsored this career academy, which was geared toward potential first-generation college students, and helped to expose students to the university atmosphere as well as expand their knowledge of science- and math-related career fields. Pre- and postassessments given at Camp TURF show significant changes in college readiness and familiarity with horticulture careers, but did not necessarily increase interest in particular horticulture and landscape architecture careers. Upon following up with academy graduates, we learned that the academy has been a positive experience for numerous attendees, with 76.6% going on to higher education and two students majoring in horticulture and landscape architecture-related areas.
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Al-Ajlouni, Malik G., Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, Michael N. DeMers, and Rolston St. Hilaire. "A Method to Quantitatively Classify Residential Urban Landscapes in a Desert Environment." HortTechnology 23, no. 4 (August 2013): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.4.474.
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The apparent heterogeneity of human-generated materials in residential urban landscapes sustains concerns that the quantitative classification of urban residential landscapes is impossible. The objective of this research was to develop a method to quantitatively classify urban residential landscapes in a desert environment. Using a purposive sampling procedure, we studied the landscapable area around each of 54 residential homes in Las Cruces, NM. All materials in the landscape were identified, measured, and categorized. Using 30% as the cutoff to indicate that a material was dominant in the landscape, we classified 93% of all landscapes into nine common landscape types. Mulch-dominant landscapes were the most common, and landscape types differed between front- and backyards. Shrubs did not feature prominently in any of the common landscape types. Our classification method clearly identifies multiple landscape types, and for the first time, provides quantitative evidence that landscape types are distributed differently in front- and backyard landscapes in the desert environment of Las Cruces. Information on common landscape types will be valuable to landscape horticulturists wanting to craft water conservation plans that are landscape specific if the common landscape type can be linked to a landscape water budget.
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Dana, Michael N. "“NATIVE PLANTS OF INDIANA”: VIDEOS FOR INSTRUCTION AND EXTENSION." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 787H—788. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.787h.
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Interest in native plant species for general landscape planting, mitigation of environmental impact and ecological restoration plantings continues to expand with public awareness of environmental quality. An expanding area of opportunity exists for the landscape horticulture industry to supply non-traditional plant materials to support landscape planting with native species. To capitalize on the opportunity, horticulture and landscape architecture students and practitioners must become knowledgeable of species native to their region. Video is a useful medium for increasing such knowledge. This presentation will review the development, production, distribution and content of six video programs that survey the native herbaceous flora of Indiana prairies and woodlands. Each program is less than 30 minutes in length, to facilitate classroom use and presentation in broadcast formats. Botanically correct nomenclature is presented graphically as each species is introduced. The narration includes botanical, ecological and horticultural information, but emphasizes plant lore to increase interest for general audiences and provide memory clues for those attempting to learn the plants. This project, supported by the Indiana Association of Nurserymen, provides a good example of how horticultural industries can become leaders as the public expands its demand for improved environmental quality.
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Harris, Bethany A., Wojciech J. Florkowski, and Svoboda V. Pennisi. "Horticulture Industry Adoption of Biodegradable Containers." HortTechnology 30, no. 3 (June 2020): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04563-19.
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Biodegradable containers of various types are available on the market and can be directly purchased by growers and homeowners. However, adoption of these containers has been slow, limiting their potential as an alternative to plastic containers. It is crucial to assess level of knowledge and use of biodegradable containers by horticultural growers and landscape service providers to help explain their slow rate of adoption by the industry. An online survey instrument was implemented to assess grower and landscaper knowledge and familiarity regarding biodegradable containers in the state of Georgia. Results indicated that 83% of horticultural growers do not purchase biodegradable containers. However, peat biodegradable containers were primarily purchased when these containers were used. Both growers and landscape service providers “neither agreed nor disagreed” that the use of biodegradable containers could improve plant growth. Growers “did not know” if using biodegradable containers “improved water efficiency.” Landscape service providers exhibited low knowledge of the wide variety of biodegradable containers available on the market as well as limited awareness of features of such containers as they pertained to plant growth.
11
Scheiber, Sloane M., Jennifer Hitchcock, Sudeep Vyapari, and Lance Osborne. "(314) Creating Videos to Enhance Student and Public Educational Opportunities in Landscape Management." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1056B—1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1056b.
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A series of video clips and narrated PowerPoints were developed to aid in the presentation of common horticultural techniques. To determine the most effective format for delivery of horticultural subject matter, video clips and PowerPoints were developed for three topic areas and presented to two target audience groups. Target audiences consisted of Master Gardeners (Orange and Osceola County, Fla.) and future horticulture professionals (UF Environmental Horticulture students enrolled in Landscape Plant Establishment). Upon completion of viewing both media formats, participants were asked to complete a survey. Eighty-six percent of participants completed and returned surveys. Data were sorted and analyzed for calculation of mean percent for each response sought. Results of the survey indicated that, depending upon the topic, a higher proportion (66% to 93%) of Master Gardeners preferred narrated PowerPoints in comparison to video clips. However, 60% to 70% of students preferred video clips to narrated PowerPoints. In reference to the informative nature of both videos and PowerPoints, >67% of all respondents rated both media formats between good and excellent; however, most respondents indicated new information gained was less than 40%. Factoring the costs associated with production (about $1000 per video vs. essentially no cost for narrated PowerPoints) and participant responses, narrated PowerPoints appear the best option for conveying common horticultural practices.
12
Al-Ajlouni, Malik G., Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, and Rolston St. Hilaire. "Linking Urban Residential Landscape Types in a Desert Environment to Landscape Water Budgets." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.307.
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Linking an urban residential landscapes type to a specific landscape water budget is important to water resource management in a desert environment. Yet, no research that we are aware of has effectively associated a specific water budget with a quantitatively determined urban landscape type. The objective of this research was to determine whether a landscape water budget and residential urban landscape type could be related. We previously quantitatively classified urban residential landscapes in the desert environment of Las Cruces, NM, into hard-surface shade-structure, mulch, hard-surface, hard-surface-mulch, mulch tree, turf mulch, turf, tree mulch turf, and turf tree landscape types. In this study, we determined water budget, landscape coefficient, and the portion of the coverage of irrigated and nonirrigated elements for each landscape type. Landscape types in Las Cruces grouped into four distinct water budget groups: no-water, low-, moderate-, and high-water budget. Because of the heterogeneity of the coefficients for grass, plants, and water surfaces that constituted it, the landscape coefficient correlated weakly (r2 = 0.3) with the water budget. Coverage of the irrigated elements correlated highly (r2 = 0.95) with the water budget. Our results suggest that the coverage of irrigated elements in a desert urban landscape is a major driver of landscape water budgets.
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Sun, Hongyan, Kelly Kopp, and Roger Kjelgren. "Water-efficient Urban Landscapes: Integrating Different Water Use Categorizations and Plant Types." HortScience 47, no. 2 (February 2012): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.254.
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Little research has examined water requirements of entire irrigated urban landscapes integrating different types of plants. Three landscape treatments integrating different types of plants—woody, herbaceous perennial, turf—and putative water use classifications—mesic, mixed, xeric—were grown in large drainage lysimeters. Each landscape plot was divided into woody plant, turf, and perennial hydrozones and irrigated for optimum water status over 2 years and water use measured using a water balance approach. For woody plants and herbaceous perennials, canopy cover rather than plant type or water use classification was the key determinant of water use relative to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under well-watered conditions. For turf, monthly evapotranspiration (ETa) followed a trend linearly related to ETo. Monthly plant factors (Kp) for woody plants, perennials, and turf species under well-watered conditions in this study ranged from 0.3 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.5, and 0.5 to 1.2, respectively. Adjusted Kp for each hydrozone was calculated based on landscaped area covered by plant types as a percent of total area, and landscape factor (Kl) was calculated based on adjusted Kp for each landscape treatment. Overall, Kl relative to ETo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 for three water use classifications.
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Williams, J. David, D. Joseph Eakes, and Harry G. Ponder. "Extracurricular Activities Enhance Landscape Horticulture Programs." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 591B—591. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.591b.
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Strong academic abilities and practical work experience are important to employers of horticulture graduates. In greatest demand are students with competent personal and leadership abilities and technical skills. Increased class size and increased university core curriculum requirements hinder our capacity to develop these added skills within our curriculum. However, through extracurricular offerings we can offer students ways to develop skills that are not fully expressed in the academic arena. Student interaction in the traditional horticulture club requires practicing interpersonal relation and often conflict resolution skills. Students learn to work as a team to accomplish goals that they have set for themselves as a group. The Associate¥ Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA) Student Career Days experience offers a highly effective means for reinforcing cognitive skills gained in the classroom and laboratory, as well as supplementing academic learning opportunities with technical activities beyond those offered in the curriculum.
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Pannkuk, Tim R., Richard H. White, Kurt Steinke, Jacqueline A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, David R. Chalmers, and James C. Thomas. "Landscape Coefficients for Single- and Mixed-species Landscapes." HortScience 45, no. 10 (October 2010): 1529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.10.1529.
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Urban landscape irrigation is becoming increasingly important from a resource management point of view. Significant water use savings may be achieved if landscape irrigation is based on reference evapotranspiration (ETo). This study measured landscape crop coefficients (KL) for landscapes that are comprised of different vegetation types and irrigation water quality differences affecting KL. The KL was determined from the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to the ETo calculated from the modified Penman-Monteith equation. Irrigation quantity was based on 100% replacement of ETo. The KL values were determined for the following landscape vegetation on a fine sandy loam: St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze.], a single shumard red oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.), St. Augustinegrass plus red oak, native grasses [Muhlenbergia capillaries (Lam.) Trin. and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and native grasses plus Red Oak in both College Station (CS) and San Antonio (SA), TX. Soil was systematically placed into lysimeters containing a drainage system and soil moisture probes. Lysimeters (1136 L) were placed in-ground in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Soil moisture measurements were made at 0- to 20-, 20- to 40-, and 40- to 60-cm depths. The KL was determined after a rainfall or irrigation event for periods of 2 to 5 days. During the combined growing seasons of 2007 and 2008, KL in SA increased from early, to mid, to late season. In CS, the KL was unaffected by plant treatment or season. The St. Augustinegrass treatment KL seasonally ranged from 0.45 to 0.62 in SA. In CS, soil sodium accumulation caused decreased KL. These results of KL for mixed-species landscapes on non-sodic sites trend toward seasonal values of 0.5 to 0.7 for irrigation decisions in southern Texas. Landscape coefficients can be used as a tool in irrigation decision-making, which could contribute to water savings in amenity landscapes.
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Huang, Xiaolin, and Julieta Trevino Sherk. "Evaluation and Comparison of Sustainability Performance and Visual Preference of Residential Landscape Elements." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.318.
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A study was conducted to compare sustainability performance (SP) and visual preference of landscape elements in six professionally designed landscapes. The sites chosen for study provided a range of low to high emphasis on sustainable landscape design. Landscape elements in each site were evaluated for two attributes: SP and visual preference. Sustainability performance was evaluated using the Sustainable Sites Initiative (SSI) scoring system. Visual preferences for landscape elements were assembled by surveying three populations of volunteers: landscape design professionals, landscape design students, and nondesigners (potential residential clients). Few significant differences were observed among the visual preference responses of participant groups. In the few differences noted, we found that the more knowledgeable participants were about landscape element’s ability to improve the environment, the more likely they were to rate them as visually preferred. Average values for SP and visual preference were negatively correlated. However, many individual landscape elements were rated highly in both SP and visual preference. These results suggest it is possible to design landscapes with both highly sustainable elements that are also highly visually preferred.
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Elder, Lee, and Robert Gorman. "(304) Alaska Native Plant Commerical Demand Survey." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1060A—1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1060a.
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About 333 people in the Anchorage area are involved in landscaping and landscape architecture, while about 18% of all farms in Alaska are considered greenhouse and nursery farms. These greenhouse and nursery farms account for $12.7 million in annual sales and comprise 28% of total Alaska agricultural sales. Alaskan horticulture producers have little industry knowledge of landscapers' and landscape architects' demand for Alaska native plants. This survey attempted to uncover the amounts of specific native Alaska varieties of shrubs, trees, herbaceous plants, and ferns that landscapers and landscape architects used in 2004, while also asking what types of plants they would like to use if a consistent supply was established. Landscapers' and landscape architects' business activities and perceptions are also evaluated. Surveys were distributed electronically as well as by standard mail to 165 landscapers and landscape architects in the Anchorage area. An overall 12% response rate provided insight into the commercial demand for Alaska native plant varieties.
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Costello, L. R., N. P. Matheny, and J. R. Clark. "ESTIMATING WATER REQUIREMENTS OF LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS." HortScience 27, no. 12 (December 1992): 1263f—1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1263f.
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Since it is unlikely that crop coefficients will be established for landscape plantings, a method to estimate landscape water requirements is proposed. By evaluating three factors that significantly influence water use-species planted, vegetation density, and site microclimate-and assigning numerical values to each, an estimate of a landscape crop coefficient (or landscape coefficient, KL) can be calculated. An estimate of evapotranspirational water loss for landscapes is then the product of the landscape coefficient multiplied by the reference evapotranspiration. This paper presents values for the above three factors and discusses the rationale for each. Examples using the landscape coefficient formula are included, as well as a discussion of special considerations relative to its use.
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Hodges, Alan W., and John J. Haydu. "Economic Impact of Florida's Environmental Horticulture Industry." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-18.3.123.
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Abstract The economic impact of Florida's environmental horticulture industry in 1997 was estimated based on a telephone survey of wholesale plant nurseries, horticultural retailers, and landscape service firms. Sales of ornamental plants and related horticultural goods and services by the production, retail, and service sectors were estimated at $1.46 billion (B), $1.75B, and $2.70B, respectively. Domestic and international exports of horticultural products and services from Florida amounted to $659 million (M). Economic multiplier effects of commercial activity associated with purchased inputs from other industries and personal consumption expenditures by employees were estimated with an input-output model. Regional impacts of the wholesale nursery sector were also estimated separately for seven areas of the state. Economic impacts of Florida's environmental horticulture industry included total value added of $5.42B and employment of 187,000 people. These impacts are greater than for any other sector of agriculture and associated manufacturing in Florida, including the large fruit and vegetable industry.
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VanDerZanden, Ann Marie, David Sandrock, and David Kopsell. "Student Attitudes and Perceptions of an Online Problem-based Learning Case Study in Landscape Management." HortTechnology 18, no. 3 (January 2008): 520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.3.520.
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Horticulture graduates entering the landscape (design, installation, and maintenance) segment of the green industry will be faced with a myriad of complicated decision scenarios. Graduates must be able to integrate their understanding of plant science, environmental and physical site constraints, and the human impact on built and natural landscapes to make complex decisions. The objectives of this project were to develop an online case study for use in landscape management and landscape construction courses, and to determine students' perceptions of using this virtual case study to practice active problem solving in landscape horticulture. After completing a scenario from the online case study, students were asked to complete a 20-question survey instrument consisting of open- and close-ended questions evaluating the case study. Sixty-nine surveys were returned and useable, for a response rate of 76.6%. Overall student attitudes and perceptions of the online case study were positive. Participants felt comfortable using the web-based format (4.3 of 5), and felt it was an effective way to deliver information (4.1). Furthermore, participants rated their ability to summarize the scenario data as 4.2 and also felt confident in their ability (4.1) to make a landscape management recommendation to the homeowner.
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Spafford, Anne. "Learning by Building: How a Landscape Construction Studio Enriches Horticultural Education." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1133F—1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1133f.
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The Department of Horticultural Sciences at North Carolina State University began offering landscape horticulture students a construction studio in 2002. This unique studio engages students in experiential learning (hands-on) and service learning (client-based) projects while simultaneously applying knowledge they have gained during their university education. Three years later, the Landscape Construction Studio is a model course that pushes students to design creatively, while providing a practical foundation in how ideas transition from paper to reality. Projects embody several learning objectives, including fostering exploration and discovery while raising students' awareness of strengths and limitations of traditional and nontraditional construction materials. In addition, the studio enables the elimination of students' tendency to compartmentalize course work, and encourages students to broaden their understanding and appreciation of the world around them. A typical semester incorporates several smaller projects that introduce students to a variety of materials and lessons in construction methodologies. Projects increase in size and complexity over the course of the semester, leading to a comprehensive landscape design and installation project in which students experience the entire design process. Through this final project, students see how information gained from other horticultural and general classes are applied in landscape design. This presentation will discuss the importance of incorporating experiential learning components to horticultural courses, and the pros and cons of service learning projects. Presentation of best management practices will stimulate discussion among the audience.
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Fitzpatrick*, George, Mary Lamberts, and Eva Worden. "Deltiological Analysis of Early Developments in Florida Horticulture." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 838B—838. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.838b.
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Horticultural activities in Florida have been chronicled in many sources, including the technical literature and the popular press. One often-overlooked source is the visual images on postcards that were sold in Florida in the early years of the 20th century. Many such cards have images featuring scenes of landscape horticulture, olericulture and pomology. While dates of postmarks may not be accurate reflections of publication dates, deltiology, the study of postcards, can involve the analysis of pigments, rag content of card stock, and other measurable parameters to determine the age of particular images. The introduction, development, ascendancy and sometimes decline of certain horticultural crops in Florida are reflected in postcard images taken between the years 1908-1950. Representative images are shown of past and present plants that have been important in Florida horticulture.
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Mayer, Henrique, Adrian Hunsberger, and Marguerite Beckford. "EXTENSION FULFILLING A NICHE: A NEW HORTICULTURE COURSE IN SOUTH FLORIDA." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 499D—499. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.499d.
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Miami-Dade County Extension, with the participation of University of Florida faculty and other speakers, created a Certified Course in Horticulture in 2005. The intended audience is landscape maintenance and installation personnel, tree trimming employees, home gardeners, city and parks employees, and others who want horticultural knowledge. The goal of the program was to educate the participants in basic horticultural practices such as: plant selection and installation—including palms and turf; plant propagation; landscape design; pruning; irrigation; fertilization; pest control, and related topics. The class was limited to 60 participants due to space constraints. The response surpassed all expectations with 58 people completing the course and 40 passing the final exam. Eight months after the end of the program, a follow-up telephone survey was conducted with 24 participants. The results reflect that a high percentage of the participants are still using the correct landscape techniques. In order to reach as many people as possible a video or CD with the entire course is going to be prepared.
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Voltz, Daniel, and Allen Zimmerman. "Personalities of Landscape Company Managers and Landscape Horticulture Graduates are Similar." HortTechnology 9, no. 1 (January 1999): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.1.122.
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The personalities in a population of landscape horticulture graduates at a 2-year technical college were found to be similar to those in a population of landscape company managers. However, the personalities of the landscape company managers do differ from those in a general population of college students in terms of their information acquisition, decision making, and lifestyle preferences. The typical landscape company manager in the population surveyed was found to be a 41-year-old male with a bachelors degree. This individual had been employed in the occupation for 20 years, worked ≥41 hours per week, and rated job satisfaction as high.
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Kjelgren, Roger, and Larry Rupp. "Water Conservation in the Urban Landscape." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 549E—549. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.549e.
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As populations become increasingly urbanized, landscape water conservation becomes more important. Landscape water consumption can increase municipal water use up to 4-fold during the growing season, and account for half the total yearly water use. Landscape water conservation is important in decreasing peak summer water demand to reduce the strain on delivery systems, and to reduce total demand so that development of new sources can be forestalled. Potential water savings from existing landscapes can be estimated by comparing historical usage gleaned from water meter readings to plant water needs estimated from reference evapotranspiration. Estimating water needs for turf is straightforward because of the few species involved and the uniformity of turf landscapes. Estimating water needs of woody plants is more difficult because of the heterogeneity of woody plants and how they are used, and woody plants respond to evaporative demand differently than turfgrass. Many woody plants will actually use less water as reference evapotranspiration increases due to stomatal closure induced by high leaf-air vapor pressure gradients. Landscape water is then conserved by either applying water more effectively in scheduling when and how long to irrigate based on estimating water use again from reference evapotranspiration, or by replacing areas in turfgrass with plants more-adapted to the existing conditions. Encouraging water conservation by end users is the final and largest challenge. Automated irrigation systems makes wasting water easy, while conserving water takes more effort. Education is the key to successful landscape water conservation.
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St. Hilaire, Rolston, Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, and Patrick Torres. "Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation Choices of Residents in a High Desert Environment." HortTechnology 20, no. 2 (April 2010): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.308.
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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Santa Fe, NM, to determine their attitudes toward high desert plants and to assess their preferences for urban landscapes and water conservation strategies in a high desert urban environment. While there was low acceptance for the traditional turf lawn, 64% of residents agreed that high desert plants provided the variety they needed in their residential landscapes and 92% of residents would use high desert plants to landscape their front yard. Homeowners had a strong preference for retaining their current desert landscapes and converting traditional landscapes to high desert-adapted landscapes. Logistic regression revealed a negative relationship between length of residency in the southwestern United States and the willingness to use high desert plants. When homeowners who irrigated their landscape were asked whether water shortages, environmental concerns, information on water, city regulations, high water bills, or water rate increases would cause them to use less water on their landscapes, the highest level of agreement (94%) was for water shortages. Eighty-eight percent of respondents agreed that they liked any type of landscape that contains interesting features and is well planned. We conclude that homeowners have a preference for desert-adapted landscapes and agree that high desert plants provide an adequate palette of plants for urban landscapes. Additionally, the length of residency in the southwestern U.S. and the possibility of water shortages have the potential to impact water conservation strategies in high desert urban landscapes.
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Shober, Amy L., Geoffrey C. Denny, and Timothy K. Broschat. "Management of Fertilizers and Water for Ornamental Plants in Urban Landscapes: Current Practices and Impacts on Water Resources in Florida." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.94.
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Rapid population growth and urbanization in Florida have increased the number of urban landscapes that receive fertilization and irrigation. Consequently, maintenance of these landscapes may contribute to water shortages and water quality degradation. This article 1) describes the current fertilizer and water use practices that are used by homeowners and landscape professionals; 2) summarizes the research related to nutrient and water use by landscape plants; and 3) provides an overview of the critical issues that should be considered as we evaluate the need for improved management of water and nutrients in urban landscapes.
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Shuping, Deborah M., and Jeffrey D. Zahner. "PROMOTING AWARENESS OF WATER CONSERVATION IN THE LANDSCAPE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1117d—1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1117d.
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Water conservation is making journal headlines nationwide because of drought, contamination, pollution, and over development. While the idea of xeriscaping began in the Western United States where landscapes can be truly dry, many water-saving principles apply to the Southeast, where home moisture problems and pest problems associated with moisture are a major problem. A year of drought maybe followed by three years of plentiful rainfall, and conditions are significantly different from the semi-arid regions of the country to which most of the present literature on water conservation is directed.The purpose of this project was to provide information on water conservation to designers, landscape industry personnel, and homeowners in the Southeast. This was done by compiling recommendations based on research being conducted by professionals in building science, forestry, horticulture, entomology and landscape architecture.An educational tool addressing the pressing national problem of water conservation with a regional emphasis, this project was designed to help readers increase landscape water efficiency by 30 to 50% while lowering maintenance costs and insuring greater survivability of landscape plants in times of water shortage. Through careful planning and design, economically attractive and aesthetically sound water conserving landscapes can be created.
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Garber, M. P., and K. Bondari. "Improvement Opportunities for Growers of Ornamental Plants: A Survey of Landscape Architects." HortScience 27, no. 12 (December 1992): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1322.
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A survey of landscape architects in Georgia was conducted to identify opportunities for nurseries to meet the needs of landscape architects and to improve the quality of installed landscapes. The primary opportunities identified for improvement for growers are to provide regular, frequent plant availability (32% of respondents); develop new plant varieties for specific needs (21%); supply plants that meet specified sizes (20%); recommend plant varieties for specific conditions (12%); provide picture of plants (9%); and make presentations to landscape architects (5%). Additional insight into how growers can help landscape architects achieve a higher quality installed landscape was gained from the question, `What is the most common complaint you experience regarding plant material installed?” Landscape architects indicated that plants below specified size (44%) and plants below specified quality (24%) were the two most common complaints.
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Hunter, A., M. Forrest, C. Elliott-Kingston, and L. Murphy. "Introducing landscape design techniques to horticulture students." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1126 (November 2016): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1126.15.
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Klingeman, William E., Gretchen V. Pettis, and S. Kristine Braman. "Lawn Care and Landscape Maintenance Professional Acceptance of Insect- and Disease-resistant Ornamental Plants." HortScience 44, no. 6 (October 2009): 1608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.6.1608.
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Although lawn care and landscape maintenance professionals appear increasingly willing to use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies and adopt nonchemical pest management alternatives into management practices, the opinions of landscape management professionals have not been assessed regarding anticipated influences of increased use of insect- and disease-resistant ornamental plants on grounds management activities, client satisfaction, or business profitability. Lawn care and landscape professionals are well positioned to implement many IPM practices into landscape use and to educate their consumer clients about ecologically sustainable landscape designs and beneficial management techniques. Conversely, if some of these professionals are unwilling to advocate installation of ornamental host plants that are resistant to certain pests or diseases, market success of such plants can be limited. To better understand perceptions of green industry professionals related to these issues, we surveyed lawn care and landscape business owners and employees to categorize their perceptions about insect- or disease-resistant ornamental plants and qualified their beliefs in relation to both personal and firm demographics. A total of 391 completed surveys were received from Tennessee, Florida, and Georgia participants. Data analyses revealed that lawn care and landscape maintenance professionals largely believe that insect- and disease-resistant plants will benefit their businesses and should result in increased client satisfaction. Only ≈4% of respondents stated concern that business would incur at least some negative effect if pest-resistant plants were made more available or used in greater numbers in client landscapes. Among all respondents, there was an average expectation that 60% or more of plants within a given client's landscape would have to be resistant to insect pests or plant diseases to result in a decrease in company profits. If insect- and disease-resistant ornamental plants were used more widely in client landscapes, respondents expected that the required number of site visits to client landscapes would remain unchanged and that moderate reductions in insecticide and fungicide use would result.
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Whitmire, Heather, and Mary Haque. "INCORPORATING CREATIVE LEARNING INTO HORTICULTURE CLASSES." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 883d—883. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.883d.
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The Clemson University Communication Across The Curriculum program is coordinating a creative response for learning (CRL) project to provide students with creative learning and critical thinking opportunities relevant to course content while creating a learning community. Faculty representing numerous disciplines asked their students to respond with creative projects (e.g., drawings, poems, posters, multimedia, sculpture, music, etc.) to the subject matter of the course. Students in Horticulture courses responded by writing poems in a Landscape Appreciation class, designing creative solutions to environmental problems in a Landscape Design Class, and installing an Ethnobotany Garden in a landscape implementation class. The landscape design and implementation classes used a service learning methodology to identify and solve problems in local communities. Following a four-part process of preparation, action, reflection, and celebration, students in the design class completed plans for thirteen theme gardens constituting a Children's garden in the South Carolina Botanical Garden. The following semester, landscape implementation students built the first of the series, an Ethnobotany Garden, using teamwork and university/community partnerships. They also practiced individual creative thinking and building skills through the design and installation of creative projects including a bat house, a stained glass and a broken tile birdhouse, four container gardens, artistic stepping-stones, and a dramatic metal sculpture of a butterfly representing the sustainable wildlife habitat aspect of the Children's garden. College students and faculty working on the Ethnobotany Garden project alone contributed over 1,000 hours to their community while learning more about both the art and the science of landscape design and implementation.
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McDowell, L. Brooke, and Chris A. Martin. "596 Landscape Design and History Affect Urban Plant Gas Exchange Parameters." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 549E—550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.549e.
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Effects of landscape design and land use history on gas exchange parameters were evaluated for woody plants in a factorial site matrix of formerly desert or agricultural land uses and xeric or mesic residential landscape designs within the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Ariz. Remnant Sonoran Desert sites and an alfalfa agricultural field functioned as controls. Residential landscapes and the alfalfa field were irrigated regularly. Monthly instantaneous measurements of maximum leaf and stem carbon assimilation (A), conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) were made within three replicates of each site type during 1998 and 1999. Measurements were repeated monthly on three woody plant life forms: trees, shrubs, and ground covers. Assimilation fluxes were not related to former land use, but were lower for plants in xeric compared with those in mesic landscapes. Transpiration fluxes were higher for plants in formerly agricultural sites than in formerly desert sites, and were lower in xeric than in mesic landscape design. Compared with plants in residential landscapes, A and E fluxes were generally higher for plants in the agricultural control sites and were lower for plants at the desert control sites. Plant instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE = A/E) was higher in formerly agricultural sites than in formerly desert sites but was not affected by landscape design. Patterns of A, gs, and shoot temperature at irrigated sites suggest that maximum plant carbon assimilation was not limited by shoot conductance but was more responsive to shoot temperature. Similarities in patterns of ITE between plants in the different landscape design types suggest that xeric and mesic landscape plants do not differ in terms of water use efficiency.
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Garber, Melvin P. "LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS AND THE DEMAND FOR PLANT MATERIAL." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1175d—1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1175d.
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Landscape architects occupy a strategic position in the landscape industry; yet, they have not been generally considered an important customer group by nurserymen. They influence selection of plant material for commercial, government, and residential landscapes and are generally the first to know what will be in demand. A recent survey of Georgia landscape architects found they specify $85 M of plants. This compares to the $200 M estimate for the 1989 wholesale value of nursery stock produced in Georgia. In addition, 60% of the landscape architectural firms influence which production nursery supplies plants by determining or recommending the production nursery where the landscape contractor obtains plants. More importantly, 92% of the large firms, which account for 67% of the dollar value, are involved in selection of the production nursery. The results provide the first quantitative estimate of the influence of landscape architects on nurserymen and suggest that nurserymen should view landscape architects as important customers.
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Bassuk, Nina, and Peter Trowbridge. "Creating the Urban Eden: Sustainable Landscape Establishment in Theory and Practice." HortTechnology 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.3.485.
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Creating the Urban Eden, a course taught jointly by faculty in Landscape Architecture and Horticulture at Cornell University, is a unique two-semester class spanning the academic year from August to May. Students face the task of creating viable, sustainable landscapes both in theory and practice. The success and sustainability of any planting design is ultimately dependent upon knowledgeable site assessment and analysis, appropriate plant selection, and clear communication of design intentions. This class teaches all aspects of landscape establishment, including detailed site assessment, woody plant identification, choice of appropriate plants, planting design, soil remediation, transplanting, and early maintenance in human-impacted landscapes. In addition to designing for a specific site, students learn about written specifications for technical planting and graphic details to communicate and implement design proposals. Every year on the Cornell University campus, the students in this class implement, in a hands-on manner, all aspects of landscape establishment that they have learned by creating new landscapes that serve to integrate theory, principles, practice, and provide a demonstration of fundamentals taught in the class.
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Dana, Michael N., Paul C. Siciliano, and John L. Larson. "(147) In the English Landscape." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1044E—1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1044e.
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International travel and study courses for undergraduate students can be significant academic learning experiences if there is a well-defined curriculum and high expectations for student performance on homework exercises, class discussions and evaluation instruments. An interdisciplinary perspective serves to broaden students' understanding. “In the English Landscape” is a three-credit, 4-week undergraduate course in-residence, primarily in Corsham, Wiltshire, U.K. Students explore the history of English landscapes and gardens in the context of post-medieval British history. The course is team-taught every other year by Purdue faculty from the Horticulture, History and Landscape Architecture programs. Excursions to landscape, garden and cultural sites provide the primary basis for student discovery. Pretravel readings and lectures prepare students for in-country, site-specific worksheets and class discussions. Course philosophy, content, structure, logistics, and instructional materials, which may be useful as a basis for course development by educators at other institutions, are presented.
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Wiseman, P. Eric, and Christina Wells. "(115) Soil Inoculum Potential and Mycorrhizal Colonization of Acer rubrum in Forested and Developed Landscapes." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1079D—1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1079d.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with numerous landscape tree species and can improve tree growth and environmental stress tolerance. Construction-related soil disturbance is thought to diminish AMF colonization of transplanted trees in newly developed landscapes. We gathered root, soil, and foliar data from red maples (Acer rubrum) growing in newly developed landscape sites and adjacent native forest sites to test the hypotheses that: 1) landscape trees show lower levels of AMF colonization than forest trees; and 2) the AMF inoculum potential of landscape soils is lower than that of forest soils. Fine roots sampled from landscape maples had significantly lower AMF colonization than maples from adjacent forest sites (3% vs. 22%; P= 0.0002). However, soil-sand mixtures made from landscape soils possessed greater AMF inoculum potential than those made from forest soils (10% vs. 4%; P= 0.0081). Forest soils were more acidic and possessed less extractable P than landscape soils, and differences in AMF colonization between forest and landscape maples appeared to reflect differences in soil chemical properties rather than in soil inoculum potential.
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Derr, Jeffrey F. "Innovative Herbicide Application Methods and Their Potential for Use in the Nursery and Landscape Industries." HortTechnology 4, no. 4 (October 1994): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.4.345.
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Chemical weed control is an important weed management option in nursery crop production and landscape maintenance. Improved methods of herbicide delivery can increase efficacy of chemical control and minimize off-site movement, applicator exposure, and incorrect herbicide application. Certain innovative technologies show potential for addressing these issues in the nursery industry. Slow-release herbicide tablets have shown promise in container production. Horticultural collars, treated paper, and treated mulch are potential ways of applying herbicides in container crop production and/or landscape maintenance. Horticultural collars contain herbicides between two layers of a carrier such as a landscape fabric. A rapidly degradable paper can be pretreated with an herbicide for a precise application rate. Mulch can be treated with a herbicide prior to use in the landscape for improved weed control. Herbicides applied through the clip-cut pruning system could control weeds selectively in nurseries and landscapes. Each of these methods may address one or more concerns about off-site movement, calibration, and applicator exposure to pesticides.
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Hilaire, Rolston St, Michael A. Arnold, Don C. Wilkerson, Dale A. Devitt, Brian H. Hurd, Bruce J. Lesikar, Virginia I. Lohr, et al. "Efficient Water Use in Residential Urban Landscapes." HortScience 43, no. 7 (December 2008): 2081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2081.
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In the United States, urban population growth, improved living standards, limited development of new water supplies, and dwindling current water supplies are causing the demand for treated municipal water to exceed the supply. Although water used to irrigate the residential urban landscape will vary according to factors such as landscape type, management practices, and region, landscape irrigation can vary from 40% to 70% of household use of water. So, the efficient use of irrigation water in urban landscapes must be the primary focus of water conservation. In addition, plants in a typical residential landscape often are given more water than is required to maintain ecosystem services such as carbon regulation, climate control, and preservation of aesthetic appearance. This implies that improvements in the efficiency of landscape irrigation will yield significant water savings. Urban areas across the United States face different water supply and demand issues and a range of factors will affect how water is used in the urban landscape. The purpose of this review is to summarize how irrigation and water application technologies; landscape design and management strategies; the relationship among people, plants, and the urban landscape; the reuse of water resources; economic and noneconomic incentives; and policy and ordinances impact the efficient use of water in the urban landscape.
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Traunfeld, J. H., D. L. Clement, M. K. Malinoski, and R. V. Bosmans. "Maryland's Home and Garden Information Center: Helping Residents Solve Pest, Plant, and Landscape Problems." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 502c—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.502c.
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The Home and Garden Information Center was created by the Univ. of Maryland Cooperative Extension Service in 1989 to relieve county-based faculty of the growing burden of client requests for help in the home horticulture area. The Center inter-disciplinary staff includes four regional specialists, phone consultants and office support personnel. The Center's twin goals are to educate residents to make wise decisions regarding horticultural practices and pesticide and fertilizer use and to help clients self-diagnose their pest and plant problems. These goals are achieved through a variety of outreach methods and advanced technologies. A conversant phone system allows residents toll-free access (24 hours a day) to pre-recorded, self-help, problem diagnostic tapes. Horticulture consultants are available Monday through Friday, 8 a.m.–1 p.m., to provide personalized phone service to individual clients. The phone system has handled over 320,000 calls in 8 years. A 1997 phone survey showed a client satisfaction rating of over 90%. Center faculty produces a well-received Master Gardener Handbook with extensive diagnostic keys and writes phone tapes and newspaper articles. The “IPM Series” of peer-reviewed fact sheets, enables clients to use diagnostic keys to identify and solve plant problems. Residents can also access information through the Center's web site which includes updated subject matter tips, and “pages” for the Master Gardener program, Bay Issues and plant diagnostic keys. Center faculty also helps to train phone consultants, county horticulture consultants, and Master Gardeners.
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St. Hilaire, Rolston, and James M. Thompson. "Integrating a University and Community College Course in Landscape Construction." HortTechnology 15, no. 1 (January 2005): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0181.
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Strong linkages among 2-year community colleges and 4-year universities are likely to foster the transition of more students into higher education and enhance student diversity. Two New Mexico educational institutions, Doña Ana Branch Community College (a 2-year community college) and New Mexico State University (a 4-year university), offered a landscape construction class as a joint course offering for students at both institutions. The objective of this educational approach was to develop a system that facilitates the seamless integration of compatible curricula from a community college and a university. Course evaluations showed that 63% of students enrolled in the combined class rated the combining of a university and community college class as an above average or excellent model of education. When asked to rate whether classroom materials and laboratory activities supported learning, 94% of the class rated those materials as excellent. Eighty-eight percent of students rated the presentation of subject matter as above average or excellent when asked if the subject matter was presented in an interesting manner. Students valued the experiential learning projects and would highly recommend the course to their peers. In this redesigned course, women and minorities constituted 63% of the class, suggesting that this educational approach has the potential to retain a large number of underrepresented groups in landscape horticulture. We conclude that this collaborative approach for teaching landscape horticulture is likely to enhance horticultural education and foster a seamless educational experience for students who transition from a community college to a university. Also, this educational approach could serve as a model for curricula that combine practical knowledge with advances in science and technology.
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St. Hilaire, Rolston, and James M. Thompson. "Integrating a University and Community College Course in Landscape Construction." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0409.
Full textAbstract:
Strong linkages among 2-year community colleges and 4-year universities are likely to foster the transition of more students into higher education and enhance student diversity. Two New Mexico educational institutions, Doña Ana Branch Community College (a 2-year community college) and New Mexico State University (a 4-year university), offered a landscape construction class as a joint course offering for students at both institutions. The objective of this educational approach was to develop a system that facilitates the seamless integration of compatible curricula from a community college and a university. Course evaluations showed that 63% of students enrolled in the combined class rated the combining of a university and community college class as an above average or excellent model of education. When asked to rate whether classroom materials and laboratory activities supported learning, 94% of the class rated those materials as excellent. Eighty-eight percent of students rated the presentation of subject matter as above average or excellent when asked if the subject matter was presented in an interesting manner. Students valued the experiential learning projects and would highly recommend the course to their peers. In this redesigned course, women and minorities constituted 63% of the class, suggesting that this educational approach has the potential to retain a large number of underrepresented groups in landscape horticulture. We conclude that this collaborative approach for teaching landscape horticulture is likely to enhance horticultural education and foster a seamless educational experience for students who transition from a community college to a university. Also, this educational approach could serve as a model for curricula that combine practical knowledge with advances in science and technology.
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Martinson, Richard, John Lambrinos, and Ricardo Mata-González. "Water Stress Patterns of Xerophytic Plants in an Urban Landscape." HortScience 54, no. 5 (May 2019): 818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13498-18.
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Efficient water use in urban landscapes is a common objective throughout the western United States. Vegetative species promoted for their drought tolerance characteristics are often included in landscapes designed for resource conservation. However, water requirements of most common landscape species have not been quantified. This is especially true for xerophytic species. This lack of landscape plant water requirement data is a significant constraint on the design of efficient irrigation systems and management practices affecting urban landscape water use. Current irrigation practices often fail to consider the unique physiology of xerophytic species, and irrigation scheduling models may not be appropriate for xeric landscapes using xerophytic vegetation as the primary method of reducing water use. This work describes the seasonal patterns of growth and xylem water status for four regionally native xeric shrub species planted in an unirrigated urban landscape in the semi-arid environment of central Oregon. The four species (Artemisia tridentata, Holodiscus microphyllus, Ericameria nauseosa, and Ribes cereum) exhibited substantial growth over the course of 18 months without irrigation in a heavily modified urban soil profile. Water potential of the four species was strongly correlated with surface (10 cm) soil moisture (r ≥ 0.90), less so with reference monthly evapotranspiration (r ≤ 0.55), and only weakly with water vapor deficit (r ≤ 0.22). In A. tridentata and H. microphyllus, xylem water potential became more negative during the growing season and tracked the seasonal decline in soil moisture. In contrast, the xylem water potential of E. nauseosa and R. cereum tracked soil moisture early in the season but became less responsive to soil moisture in the driest months, suggesting different drought adaptation strategies in these species. Three of the four species showed no visual signs of drought stress and maintained acceptable aesthetics even as soil moisture decreased to less than 10%. However, R. cereum exhibited a drought dormancy strategy that made it less aesthetically desirable. These results suggest that extreme xerophytic shrubs provide an opportunity for significant reductions in water use in urban landscapes.
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Mudge, Kenneth W., and Kelly Hennigan. "523 A Survey of Distance Learning Needs and Preferences in the Landscape/Nursery Industry." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 485C—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.485c.
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The role of cooperative extension in providing information to amateur and professional horticulturists is being profoundly altered by the availability of vast amounts of horticultural resources on the World Wide Web and other electronic media. Advances in computer-related instructional technologies including the Internet, have coincided with, and to some extent triggered, a burgeoning demand for non-traditional continuing education in practically all fields of knowledge, including landscape horticulture. Although there are numerous Web sites offering a wide range of gardening and related information, there are relatively few opportunities for structured learning in the form of on-line distance learning courses or instructional modules. In Fall 1999, we conducted a survey of the membership of the New York State Nursery/Landscape Association to determine priority-training needs that might be met by computer-mediated distance learning. One-hundred-seven companies, representing horticulture-based businesses throughout New York State, completed the surveys. Results from the survey indicated that 83% of those responding were interested in taking one or more computer-based distance learning course(s), that 67% were willing to provide financial support for continuing education of their employees, and that 95% have access to a personal computer. We have also collected data indicating subject matter preferences, interest in full-course and short-course offerings, levels of computer and Internet experience, and more. It is apparent from the findings in this study that the cooperative extension has a great opportunity to use the World Wide Web as a component of its role as an information provider. This research will contribute to designing effective approaches for teaching hands-on horticultural skills at a distance, thereby expanding the cooperative extension's ability to reach its intended audiences.
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Moser, Bruno C. "384 PLANT: Purdue Landscape and Nursery Thesaurus—An Internet Database for Commercial Landscape Horticulture." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 459B—459. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.459b.
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Information on the Internet relative to the landscape and nursery industries is rapidly expanding. However, finding reliable sites on subjects of interest to the field of commercial landscape horticulture is a difficult task. PLANT: Purdue Landscape and Nursery Thesaurus, is an extensive database of links to Internet information for professional landscape contractors/managers and nursery growers in Midwest and Northeast states. PLANT currently consists of 21 independent pages on topics from “Computer Software” to “Winter Hardiness”, with >2500 links to appropriate Internet information. A search mode allows one to search the database by key words as well. This extension-based tool is also an excellent resource for class assignments in the area of ornamentals and landscape horticulture. As a work in process, PLANT is regularly updated and expanded to provide multiple sources if Internet information on topics of interest to the landscape and nursery industries. PLANT can be found at bluestem.hort.purdue.edu/plant/.
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Saksa, Kristen A., Thomas W. Ilvento, and Susan S. Barton. "Interpretation of Sustainable Landscapes Affects Student Perception of Sustainable Landscape Features." HortTechnology 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.3.402.
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This research examines student perception of sustainable landscaping at the University of Delaware (UD), Newark and the impact of interpretation on student perception of the landscape. Students living on UD’s Laird Campus were surveyed before and after an interpretive campaign designed to describe the benefits of sustainable landscaping. The results of this study found that the majority of students surveyed perceive the landscape to be attractive, sustainable, well maintained, and functional, providing encouragement for the use of sustainable landscaping practices on university campuses. Reduced mowing (once per year), as it is implemented on Laird Campus, was identified as the sustainable practice least likely to be considered acceptable by students. Sustainable landscaping interpretation improved student awareness and acceptance of sustainable landscaping practices. Greater levels of engagement with the interpretation campaign increased students’ awareness and acceptance of sustainable landscaping. In contrast to students’ increased awareness and acceptance of sustainable landscaping practices, students’ perception of the landscape’s appearance did not significantly improve after the interpretation campaign, suggesting the need for future interpretation campaigns to directly address aesthetic issues in addition to interpretation of environmental benefits.
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Martin, Chris A., and Linda B. Stabler. "136 Landscape Carbon Acquisition Potential of Residential Landscapes in Phoenix, Arizona." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 413A—413. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.413a.
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Urban sprawl of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area is rapidly replacing agricultural and non-irrigated desert vegetation with an irrigated urban forest comprised of a mixture of woody ornamental plant materials. Our objective was to estimate and compare the carbon acquisition potential (CAP) of residential landscape plants to the dominate plant species found in adjacent agricultural and desert sites. Maximum shoot and leaf gas exchange measurements were made at monthly intervals for one year (Aug. 1998 to July 1999) using a portable photo-synthesis system. Concurrent diel gas exchange measurements were made seasonally. Gas exchange measurements were made on alfalfa at agricultural sites, blue palo verde, creosote bush and bur sage at desert sites, and on a mixture of 19 different woody ornamental tree, shrub and ground cover species at residential sites. A trapezoidal integration model was used to estimate daily CAP at each site based on maximum assimilation flux values and seasonally adjusted diel assimilation patterns. Annual landscape CAP was then calculated as the summation of estimates of daily CAP. Calculated annual CAP was highest at agricultural sites (159.0 mol/m2 per year), lowest at desert sites (35.3 mol/m2 per year), and intermediate at residential landscape sites (99.3 mol/m2 per year).
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Loechl, Suzanne K., Gary Kesler, Paul Loechl, Diane Timlin, Geoffrey Burt, Lisa Duwall, Megan Weaver, and Harold E. Balbach. "Historic Military Landscapes: A Design and Management Opportunity." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 450b—450. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.450b.
Full textAbstract:
The United States Army has recently recognized the evaluation and management of historic military landscapes as an integral component of cultural resource management. The process of properly assessing and managing military landscapes, however, can be problematic due to the need to preserve the historic character of the landscape, to enhance the military image and to improve quality of life. In addition there is a desire to implement “...environmentally and economically beneficial landscape practices on Federal properties...,” as set forth in a memorandum from the President. USACERL recently completed an historic landscape inventory and management plan for Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The landscape master plan was awarded the Texas Historical Commission's Award of Excellence in Historic Architecture. The management plan provides historically and ecologically sensitive designs that relate to each of the periods represented in the installations' historic district. Included are appropriate plant lists and guidelines for enhancing the image of the base and improving quality of life for residents and installation personnel. Of some concern here, as in many Southwest installations, is the overuse of irrigation in historic areas, and the need to replace ecologically (and historically) inappropriate plants with more drought-tolerant species. Plan implementation in these areas is expected to reduce both water usage and associated costs.
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Wade, Gary L., Joan E. Marsh, and Mark Banta. "EXTENSION/INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIP RESULTS IN EMPLOYEE TRAINING VIDEOS FOR LANDSCAPERS." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 491c—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.491c.
Full textAbstract:
In June, 1988, an Extension advisory committee of landscape professionals met in Atlanta to discuss educational needs of the industry. Representatives from commercial, municipal, Institutional, recreational and private landscape operations present unanimously Identified the need for employee training materials as a top priority. A sub-committee composed of Extension agents, Extension Specialists and landscapes then spent months examining training aids from other states and concluded most were not pertinent to the southeastern U.S. As a result, a series of locally produced employee training videos were proposed. With funding from various landscape firms and the landscape division of the Georgia Green Industry Association, an Atlanta based videographer was hired. Scripts are written and edited by a team of Extension Agents, Extension Specialists and landscape professionals. Extension agents then direct the filming and help edit and produce the final product. To date, two videos have been released and four more are in production. Each video is packaged with an instructor's manual, multiple choice exam and evaluation form. A great deal of support and enthusiasm from both the landscape industry and Extension administration has resulted from this team approach to Extension programming.
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Wit, Richard A., Garald L. Horst, Donald H. Steinegger, and Blaine L. Blad. "EVALUATION OF RESIDENTIAL WATER UTILIZATION UNDER AN EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION PROGRAM." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 640e—640. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.640e.
Full textAbstract:
Depletion and contamination of traditional water supplies and population pressures are straining the water resources of the United States. This has placed increased emphasis on the need for water conservation through all phases of the use cycle. Objectives of this research were to: 1) Determine water use in residential, commercial, and institutional landscapes; 2) Evaluate landscape irrigation system performance; and 3) Evaluate feasibility of landscape irrigation scheduling. Beginning in 1991, water meters on 18 test sites in Lincoln, NE were read on a weekly basis. Water meter readings during the winter were used to develop a baseline on non-landscape water use. The “can test” method was used to evaluate landscape irrigation system precipitation rate and distribution efficiency. Four recording weather stations were used to estimate daily potential evapotranspiration (ETp). Lysimeters (20 cm dia. × 31 cm deep) were installed in two Kentucky bluegrass and one tall fescue landscape to estimate water use coefficients for calculating landscape evapotranspiration. Irrigation system Christiansen coefficients of uniformity ranged from .43 to .87 with scheduling coefficients ranging from 1.31 to over 15.14. Poor irrigation system performance characteristics made it difficult to schedule irrigation on estimated water use.