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Journal articles on the topic 'Language and dialect'
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1
Lawrence, Wayne P. "Historical reanalysis in the Nakijin dialect noun accentuation system." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 45, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451p01.
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Whereas almost all Ryukyuan dialects with tonal contrasts are word-tone languages, the Nakijin dialect of Northern Okinawa is an accentual language, and this accent, in addition to being pronounced with a high tone in certain environments, interacts with a vowel lengthening process. Through comparison of the Okinawan dialect of Nakijin with the Amami dialect of Asama (Tokunoshima Island), which also has a productive vowel lengthening process, this paper reconstructs the prosodic system (pitch and vowel length) for underived nouns in Proto-Northern Ryukyuan, and shows how the accent developed in the Nakijin dialect. Alors que la plupart des dialectes ryukyu possédant des distinctions tonales sont des langues à tons lexicaux, le dialecte de Nakijin du nord d’Okinawa est une langue à accent, et cet accent, en plus d’être prononcé sous la forme d’un ton haut dans certains environnements, interagit avec un processus d’allongement vocalique. Par la comparaison du dialecte okinawaïen de Nakijin et du dialecte amami d’Asama (île de Tokunoshima), qui a lui aussi un processus productif d’allongement vocalique, cet article reconstruit le système prosodique (mélodie et longueur vocalique) des noms non dérivés en proto-ryukyu du Nord et expose la manière dont l’accent s’est développé dans le dialecte de Nakijin.
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Kuleshova, Maria. "Loan Words in the Kostel Dialect of Slovenian Language and the South Chakavian Dialect of Croatian Language." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 44, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2020-44-6-53-62.
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The article compares the lexis of the Kostel dialect of the Slovenian language and the dialect of the villages Pitve and Zavala, which belongs to the South Chakavian vernacular of the Croatian language. The study is based on lexicographic data. The analyzed dialects of the Slovenian and Croatian languages contain 17.08 % of common lexis. 19.58 % (217 in each dialect) of the common lexis are loan words. Both among common and differential words, Germanisms are prevalent in the Slovenian dialect as well as Romanisms in the Croatian dialect. Many internationalisms came into the Slovenian dialect through the German language, and into Croatian through Italian and its dialects. Two dialects also share several Turkisms; in addition, the lexis of the Kostel dialect of the Slovenian language contains Romanisms that could find different ways into it, through other Slovenian dialects or the Croatian language.
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Stafecka, Anna. "Latvian dialects in the 21st century: old and new borders." Acta Baltico-Slavica 39 (December 31, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2015.001.
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Latvian dialects in the 21st century: old and new borders Although historical regional dialects are still relatively well preserved in Latvia, nowadays one can no longer speak of dialects and sub-dialects in the traditional sense because, due to changes of administrative borders, the traditional sub-dialects are subject to attrition and gradual loss. In particular, the contact zone of Central and High Latvian dialect has changed markedly. The border of High Latvian dialect has moved to the east. Since 2013, a project “Latvian Dialects in the 21st Century: a Sociolinguistic Aspect” is being carried out in order to gain an insight into contemporary Latvian dialect situation, analyzing at least three sub-dialects in each dialect.However, we can speak of dialect borders in another aspect. For instance, the borders between the preservation of dialectal features and the impact of standard language, as well as the borders of maintenance of sub-dialectal feature among the speakers of different age groups. Attention is also paid to the use of sub-dialects in central and peripheral parts of territories. The first research results showed that people who live further from the centre use the sub-dialect more often – especially in communication with family members (including the younger generation), relatives and neighbours.The preliminary results show a different situation among dialects. In the sub-dialects of the Middle dialect, which is closest to Standard Latvian, the borderline between sub-dialect and standard language has almost disappeared, since the informants practically do not feel any difference between them.In the Livonianized dialect, there are several features that are still more or less present in the speech of all generations – generalization of masculine gender, reduction of word endings, etc. However, in this dialect, too, the language used by younger speakers is gradually losing the dialectal features.The situation differs in various sub-dialect groups of High Latvian dialect. The Selonian sub-dialects spoken in Zemgale show traces of dialectal features (syllable tones, irregular vowel shifts, etc.); they are found mainly in the speech of older generation. The Latgalian sub-dialects in Vidzeme are mainly spoken by older respondents and usually among family members; while in public spaces the sub-dialects practically cannot be heard. However, many dialectal features have been retained in the speech of middle and even younger generations. The most stable are the sub-dialects spoken in Latgale because of their use not only in everyday speech but also in cultural activities. The presence of the Latgalian written language, too, helps to maintain local sub-dialects; it is also used in Roman Catholic church services in Latgale. In Latgale, the sub-dialects are spoken by all generations. However, the younger people sometimes use the standard language to communicate among themselves.This study provides new facts and might be the basis for further research. It might allow to predict the development of native language and its dialects as an important component of national and local identity respectively. Comparative analysis of material acquired at different periods allows us to conclude which dialectal features are more viable and which are more likely to change and disappear. Dialekty łotewskie w wieku XXI: stare i nowe granice Choć na Łotwie wciąż stosunkowo dobrze zachowały się historyczne dialekty lokalne, nie można już obecnie mówić o dialektach i gwarach w tradycyjnym znaczeniu. Zmiany granic administracyjnych sprawiły bowiem, że tradycyjne gwary ulegają dziś zatarciu i stopniowo zanikają. Znacząco zmieniło się zwłaszcza usytuowanie strefy styku dialektów środkowego i górnołotewskiego; granica zasięgu tego ostatniego przesunęła się na wschód. Kwestiom tym poświęcono projekt „Dialekty łotewskie w XXI wieku: aspekt socjolingwistyczny”, w ramach którego od 2013 r. badana jest sytuacja socjolingwistyczna gwar na współczesnej Łotwie. Analizowane są przynajmniej trzy gwary w obrębie każdego z dialektów.Pojęcie granicy ma jednak zastosowanie do opisu innych aspektów badań dialektologicznych. Można na przykład mówić o granicy między zachowaniem cech dialektów a wpływami języka literackiego, jak również o granicach podtrzymywania cech gwarowych w mowie użytkowników należących do różnych grup wiekowych. Badaniu poddano także kwestię używania gwar w centralnych i peryferyjnych częściach rejonu ich występowania. Wstępne wyniki sugerują, że ludzie mieszkający dalej od centrum używają gwary częściej – zwłaszcza w komunikacji z członkami rodziny (w tym z młodszego pokolenia), z krewnymi i z sąsiadami.Wstępne wyniki badań wskazują także na zróżnicowaną sytuację poszczególnych dialektów. Na obszarze występowania gwar dialektu środkowego, najbliższego literackiej łotewszczyźnie, niemal zanikło rozgraniczenie między gwarami a językiem literackim, skoro różnicy takiej nie odczuwają sami informatorzy.W dialekcie liwońskim występuje kilka cech dialektalnych, obecnych jeszcze w większym lub mniejszym stopniu w mowie wszystkich pokoleń, jak uogólnienie rodzaju męskiego czy redukcja wygłosu. Jednakże i tutaj język, którym posługują się młodsi użytkownicy, stopniowo traci cechy dialektalne.Inna sytuacja panuje w grupach gwarowych dialektu górnołotewskiego. Gwary selońskie z Semigalii wykazują ślady cech dialektalnych (tonalność sylab, nieregularne przesunięcia samogłosek itd.); występują one przede wszystkim w mowie starszego pokolenia. Gwarami łatgalskimi z Widzeme posługują się z kolei głównie starsi respondenci, zwykle w gronie najbliższej rodziny; gwar tych praktycznie nie słyszy się natomiast w przestrzeni publicznej. Wiele cech dialektalnych zachowało się tu jednak także w mowie średniego, a nawet młodszego pokolenia. Najstabilniejsze okazały się gwary Łatgalii, co wiąże się z ich użyciem nie tylko w mowie codziennej, lecz również w działalności kulturalnej. Zachowaniu gwar sprzyja także istnienie łatgalskiego języka pisanego, jak również używanie miejscowego języka podczas nabożeństw Kościoła katolickiego. Wszystko to sprawia, że w Łatgalii gwarami posługują się przedstawiciele wszystkich pokoleń. Jednakże i tutaj ludzie młodsi niekiedy komunikują się między sobą w języku literackim.Studium to jest prezentacją nowych danych i jako takie może stanowić podstawę dalszych badań. Badania takie mogłyby umożliwić prognozowanie tego, jak rozwijać się będą język łotewski oraz jego dialekty jako ważne składniki odpowiednio narodowej i lokalnej tożsamości Łotyszy. Analiza porównawcza materiałów zebranych w różnych okresach pozwala na wyciąganie wniosków co do tego, które cechy dialektalne wykazują większą żywotność, które zaś prawdopodobnie ulegną zmianie lub zanikowi.
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Samedova, K. "Diphthongization in Dialect Groups of the Northern Dialect of the Azerbaijani Language in Comparison With Kipchak Languages." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/55/48.
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The article tells about the dialectal group’s diphthongization in the northern dialect of the Azerbaijani language. Also here there is a speech about how the emergence of diphthongs, a comparison between diphthongization dialects of Turkish and Kipchak languages and the author concludes that because of the strong influence of the Kipchak language elements in the regions diphthongization dialects of these regions is very similar to the phenomenon that takes place in the Kipchak language.
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Mbangi, La Ino, and La Ode Sidu Marafad. "The Lexicostatistic Study Of Culambacu Language With Tolaki Language." CAKRAWALA LINGUISTA 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/cling.v1i1.496.
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<p><em>Language Culambacu spoken by ethnic Culambacu contained in North Konawe district. This language has several dialects such as Lamonae dialect in Wiwirano Subdistrict, Landawe dialect in Oheo Subdistrict of North Konawe Regency, and Torete dialect is on the east coast of Konawe Regency in Waworaha Village. Tolaki language is spoken by ethnic tolaki located in Konawe District. This language has two dialects of Konawe dialect and Mekongga dialect. Based on the results of the analysis using lexicostatistic method found kinship relationship between Culambacu language with Tolaki language quantitatively is 39% vocabulary that is related to error rate 230. Both languages are separated from proto language estimated 3070 ± 230 years ago.</em><em></em></p>
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Bakšienė, Rima. "Dialectal speech self–evaluation and vitality: Šakiai and Jurbarkas sub-dialects in the beginning of the twenty-first century." Lietuvių kalba, no. 9 (December 18, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2015.22631.
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Šakiai and Jurbarkas sub-dialects belong to the northern part Western Highlanders of Kaunas region. There is described location of this area in the Lithuanian dialect classification, specific features, dialectal speech self–evaluation and vitality in the beginning of the twenty-first century. According research results Šakiai and Jurbarkas sub-dialects constitute an integral area. there are many common features, this area is transitional to Lowlanders dialect. Dialectal speech self–evaluation is different between two dialects. The Šakiai dialect speakers fully aware of its dialectal dependence, they are able to define its own dialect. However, dialect users note little dialectal features in their own speech, dialectal identity more based on geographical Location and administrative division. The Jurbarkas dialect speakers more fail to identify themselves can not to define its own dialect. The dialect names mostly are made by places of residence names. However, users of this dialect more note dialectal features. Dialectal speech prestige and vitality is high in both sub-dialects. The code switching is uncharacteristic to this area. The least noticeable features are stable, the most noticeable features most disappearing. There are not observed distinct features of the new dialect. High vitality of the dialectal speech is based on small difference from the standard language, not on dialectal prestige or linguistic provisions of dialect speakers.
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Rajabbayevna, Saidmuratova Umida. "Role Of Language’s And Culture’s Interference And Interaction At Learning Of Foreign Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue01-68.
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This article is given to a genuine issue of etymology – to interaction and impedances of dialect and culture that it is vital to consider at learning of outside dialect. There are cases, which affirm to impact of culture on dialect advancement. In expansion, genuine terms of the unused course of etymology – a linguoculture – are mentioned. On the case of a celebration concept in three considered dialects the most comes about of the investigation of their lexico-semantic range are uncovered.
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Юсупбаевна Мадаминова, Рана. "Some lexical features of dialectal zones in Karakalpakstan." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/64-67.
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From the above it can be concluded that the influence of regional dialects in one area is an important factor in the development of the lexicon of Uzbek dialects. Such influence and lexical nourishment may be somewhat more intense in Uzbek dialects that are far from the literary center and surrounded by or familiar with other languages. It goes without saying that such connections cannot be made directly between different dialect regions that are far apart in terms of area. Because each or each group of Uzbek dialects has its own unique and appropriate distribution areas for a long time. Part of the peculiarities of the Dialect trail is related to this boundary, their distribution, location - area, which appeared and developed only in this area. In addition, as a result of observing the dialects of the area, a dialect area may not always be a constant latitude, but may cover a dialect, a village or several villages in the area. So, we have seen that the Uzbeks living in Karakalpakstan use words and phrases typical of the Kipchak and Yuguz dialects. Dialectal area covers very large areas. In general, it shows that the Turkic peoples are blood relatives and brothers. Key words: literary language, dialect, area, local language, comparative historical foundations, grammatical form, scientific classification
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Fathira, Vina. "Isoglosses Boundary in a Language Mapping of Malay-Riau Language." J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2018.vol5(1).1159.
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Dialectology is a part of sociolinguistics that is known as regional dialect topic. To ease the readers to understand the regional dialect especially in language mapping for certain region, the researcher used isoglosses boundary. Isoglosses boundary is the line that separate between region of having different etyma. The aim of this research is to elaborate the language mapping in dialectolgy by isoglosses boundary. Method of the research used qualitative method explained descriptively. In this research, the researcher conducted a dialectology research in Rokan Hulu Regency by 21 observation spots. In collecting data, there were 200 Swadesh words had been recorded, had been transcribed in phonetic transcription, and had been drawn in language mapping. The result showed that language mapping in Malay-Riau language was easy to analyze the differencess of language used by using isoglosses boundary. The languge mapping founds a language with some dialects used, Malay-Riau language with Bengkalis Minang dialect, with Mandailing dialect since the position of Rokan Hulu Regency lies among 3 regions having different in languages. They are West Sumatra Province with Minangese language, North Sumatra Province with Bataknese/Mandailing language, and Bengkalis Regency with Malay Riau Island language. The most dominant was Malay-Riau language, Malay-Riau language with Mandailing dialect. It means that, there is only one language used in Rokan Hulu Regency. It is called Malay-Riau language with Mandailing Dialect.
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Zaidan, Omar F., and Chris Callison-Burch. "Arabic Dialect Identification." Computational Linguistics 40, no. 1 (March 2014): 171–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00169.
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The written form of the Arabic language, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), differs in a non-trivial manner from the various spoken regional dialects of Arabic—the true “native languages” of Arabic speakers. Those dialects, in turn, differ quite a bit from each other. However, due to MSA's prevalence in written form, almost all Arabic data sets have predominantly MSA content. In this article, we describe the creation of a novel Arabic resource with dialect annotations. We have created a large monolingual data set rich in dialectal Arabic content called the Arabic On-line Commentary Data set (Zaidan and Callison-Burch 2011). We describe our annotation effort to identify the dialect level (and dialect itself) in each of more than 100,000 sentences from the data set by crowdsourcing the annotation task, and delve into interesting annotator behaviors (like over-identification of one's own dialect). Using this new annotated data set, we consider the task of Arabic dialect identification: Given the word sequence forming an Arabic sentence, determine the variety of Arabic in which it is written. We use the data to train and evaluate automatic classifiers for dialect identification, and establish that classifiers using dialectal data significantly and dramatically outperform baselines that use MSA-only data, achieving near-human classification accuracy. Finally, we apply our classifiers to discover dialectical data from a large Web crawl consisting of 3.5 million pages mined from on-line Arabic newspapers.
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Hidayat, Toni Syamsul, Husni Muaz, and Nuriadi Nuriadi. "Model of Diversification of The Sasak Language Dialects:Understanding the Way Sasak Ancestors Migrated." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.555.
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The Sasak language is originally spoken by Sasak people in Lombok island. It has been identified to have five dialects. They are Kuto-kute dialect called Bayan Dialect (BD), Ngeto-ngete Dialect called Sembalun Dialect (SD), Ngeno-ngene dialect called Selaparang Dialect (SlD), Meno-mene dialect called Pejanggik Dialect (PD), and Meriak-meriku dialect called Pujut Dialect (PjD). This research is aimed at identifying and establishing how the Sasak language dialects are diversified from the mother language. The answer may be used to understand the way Sasak language speakers migrated around the island. The method used is comparative synchronic method. Data are about 450 words including 200 basic words from Swadesh. They are collected through interview and library research. The collected data are analyzed comparatively under the Tree Model Theory proposed by August Schleicher to see the relation among the dialects. Result of the analysis shows that Sasak language dialects are diversified through internal subgrouping model, the second model of Tree Model Theory. There are three internal subgroups generating the five Sasak language dialects. The first is protoBayan-Sembalun (PBS) that diversifies Bayan Dialect (BD) and Sembalun Dialect (SD) and second protoSelaparang-Pejanggik-Pujut (PSPP) that diversifies Selaparang Dialect (SlD) and protoPejanggik-Pujut (PPP). ProtoPejanggik-Pujut (PPP) then deversifies Pejanggik Dialect (PD) and Pujut Dialect (PjD). Model of the diversification of the Sasak language dialects reflects the way Sasak language speakers migrated from their first settlement around Bayan-Sembalun dialects area to other places around Sembalun and then moved to protoSelaparang-Pejanggik-Pujut dialect area and finally spread up into Selaparang dialect, Pejanggik dialect, and Pujut dialect area.Vertical analysis between the Sasak language dialects and protoAustronesian language, in case of lexical-phonological features, is in the line with the result of this research.
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Roszko, Danuta. "Semantic contrastive linguistics theory and dialectological studies." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 12 (November 24, 2015): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2012.006.
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Semantic contrastive linguistics theory and dialectological studiesTheoretical contrastive studies (hereinafter referred to as TCS) emerged with a view to compare and contrast natural languages on the basis of a logical interlanguage. The idea of making the TCS guidelines available to science resulted in discontinuing the division into the original language and the target language when comparing and contrasting two (or more languages), and at the same time, terminating the dependence of the resulting material (i.e. form indexes in the target language) on the formal structures in the original language. The TCS essence is included in the interlanguage, which is used as tertium comparationis in the studies. To get more on this topic see Koseska, Korytkowska, R. Roszko (2007). Till now, TCS have not been applied in dialectal studies. There are a lot of reasons for this conjuncture. First of all, dialectal studies usually concentrate on one code (i.e. only a single local dialect is being specified), whilst in TCS, a comparison and contrast between (at least two) languages is provided. Moreover, research on the dialectal differentiation of a specific language (i.e. at least two dialects (/ local dialects) are being specified together) is based on demonstrating the features shared and differentiated on the level of (a) lexis, (b) morphology (most often narrowed to demonstrate differential morphological features) and (c) syntactic (relatively most rarely). Thus, dialectal studies are essentially a description of the formal conjuncture, whereas semantic aspects are out of the area of researchers interest. With this article, I am going to break the current patterns and prove that dialectal studies can be conducted in accordance with the TCS guidelines. The advantage of such dialectal studies is not only a different/new look at a specific local dialect, but also a possibility of an instant comparison and contrast between the local dialect and the standardized language or other local dialects (of one language or another) on the semantic level providing the highest standard of the relevances demonstrated (i.e. similarities and differences).
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Michaud, Alexis, and He Likun 和丽昆. "Phonemic and Tonal Analysis of the Pianding Dialect of Naxi (Dadong County, Lijiang Municipality)." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 44, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00441p01.
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This article sets out a phonemic and tonal analysis of the second author’s native language: the (heretofore undescribed) Naxi dialect spoken in the village of Pianding (Dadong County, Lijiang Municipality, Yunnan). A distributional inventory brings out two pairs of phonemes that are of special interest to Naxi dialectology: (i) two apicalized vowels, /ɿ̟/and /ɿ̠/, and (ii) two rhotic vowels, /ɚ/ and /ɯ˞/, instead of only one apicalized vowel and one rhotic vowel in Old Town Naxi, the best-described dialect to date. These observations confirm and complement reports from other dialects; information on the lexical distribution of these conservative oppositions enriches the empirical basis for comparative–historical studies within the Naish subgroup of Sino–Tibetan. In the course of the discussion, observations about the Pianding dialect are placed in cross-dialect perspective; this article can thus serve as an introduction to key aspects of Naxi phonemics. Cet article présente une analyse des phonèmes et des tons de la langue maternelle du second auteur: le dialecte naxi (non décrit jusqu’ici) du village de Pianding (comté de Dadong, municipalité de Lijiang, Yunnan). Un inventaire distributionnel fait ressortir deux paires de phonèmes qui présentent un intérêt particulier pour la dialectologie naxi: deux voyelles apicales, /ɿ̟/ et /ɿ̠/, et deux voyelles rhotiques, /ɚ/ et /ɯ˞/, là où le dialecte de la vieille ville de Lijiang (Dayanzhen) – le dialecte le mieux décrit à ce jour – ne présente qu’une voyelle apicalisée et une voyelle rhotique. La distribution lexicale de ces oppositions conservatrices, qui avaient déjà été signalées dans d’autres dialectes, est ici exposée en détail, ce qui consolide la base empirique nécessaire à l’étude de la phonologie historique du groupe des langues naish. Au fil de l’exposé, les caractéristiques du parler de Pianding sont comparées à celles d’autres dialectes, de sorte que le présent article peut servir d’introduction aux problématiques centrales de la phonologie du naxi.
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Miao, Ruiqin, and Jiaxuan Li. "Urban migration and functional bilingualism in Guangdong Province, China." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 16, no. 2 (October 12, 2006): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.16.2.06mia.
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Massive population movement across dialectal boundaries in contemporary China leads to increasing bilingualism in Putonghua (Standard Chinese) and regional dialects. This study investigates the functional distribution of Putonghua and Cantonese as spoken by immigrant residents in Guangdong Province. Results from questionnaire surveys in Guangzhou and Shenzhen reveal different patterns of Putonghua-dialect bilingualism in the two cities. For immigrants in Guangzhou, Putonghua and the local dialect (Cantonese) have comparable strength and functions, whereas in Shenzhen, Putonghua serves as the dominant language. To account for the differences between Guangzhou and Shenzhen, we argue that demographic structure is an important factor regulating the standard-dialect relationship in the urban communities of China. We propose that social network features correlate with the respective instrumental and integrative values of the languages or dialects in contact. This research provides insights into the dynamic interaction between the standard language and dialects in multilingual societies that are experiencing profound social changes.
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Vrsaljko, Slavica. "Some examples of Croatian dialects’ influence on the lexical diversity of the contemporary linguistic idiom of Zadar among non-native elderly speakers." Review of Croatian history 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v15i1.9744.
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The synchronic linguistic situation of the urban idiom in the city of Zadar is a result of several strands of dialectal influence: Neo-Shtokavian dialect spoken in the hinterland, Chakavian ikavian (“ikavski”) idiom spoken in the coastal region of Croatia, Central Chakavian ikavian-ekavian (“ikavski-ekavski”) dialect and standard Croatian. Lisac established that the contemporary Zadar idiom consists of a mixture of two Croatian dialects, Chakavian and Shtokavian, each in turn further subdivided into Central Chakavian and South Chakavian, Bosnian-Herzegovinian and East Herzegovinian, respectively. Due to varied historical circumstances, within these dialects we find a number of loanwords, mostly Turkish in Shtokavian and Romance borrowings in the Chakavian dialect. To this end the paper uses linguistic contact theory, applied in research on dialects, and explores influence in one direction only: it explores the presence of Turkish loanwords in Croatian idiom of Zadar (in its Shtokavian dialectal component) and Romance loanwords in the Zadar idiom (in its Chakavian component) but not the influence of Croatian on either Turkish or Romance languages. Hence the recipient language is Croatian (here specifically its Zadar idiom) while the donor languages are Turkish and Romance languages, mainly Venetian Italian but also standard Italian, and in some cases we are dealing with linguistic relics of Romance Dalmatian language in Croatian. We have selected to analyse Turkish loanwords in the Shtokavian dialect and Romance loanwords in the Chakavian dialect (within the Zadar idiom) because they are the most frequent foreign borrowings in the Zadar idiom, especially Romance elements that pervade the varieties of Croatian spoken in the coastal region (they often remain on a regional level only but some have passed from Chakavian into Croatian standard).
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Maria A., Klyucheva. "VERB MORPHOLOGY IN THE MONUMENT OF MARI WRITING “THE BEGINNINGS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE...” (1839 / 1841)." Ural-Altaic Studies 40, no. 1 (2021): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2021-40-1-31-46.
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The article deals with the verbal morphology in the monument of Mari writing “The Beginnings of Christian doctrine...” (published in Kazan in 1841). Among the earliest publications in the Mari language, this is one of the most voluminous texts, including Concise Sacred History and Catechism. The dialectal basis of the considered text is a Meadow dialect, at the same time the verbal morphology (mainly in the plural forms) differs significantly from the literary norm of the contemporary Mari (Meadow-Eastern) language. As a result of comparison with dialectological data, the correspondence of the verbal morphology in the monument to the conjugation in the western subdialects (Volga, Yoshkar-Ola) of the Meadow dialect is revealed. (These dialects turned out to be peripheral during the formation of the literary Meadow-Eastern Mari language in the 20th century. The verbal morphology of the literary language is based on the Morki-Sernur subdialect of the Meadow dialect and the Eastern dialect of the Mari language.) At the same time, the specific verb forms of Western subdialects of the Meadow dialect revealed in the monument and described in the article largely correlate with the conjugation in Western Mari dialects (Hill and North-Western), including the literary norm of the Hill Mari language. In general, the analysis of the verbal forms (with preliminary consideration of phonetic and vocabulary data) allows us to define the “The Beginnings of Christian Doctrine…” (1839 / 1841) as a most important early written monument of the Volga subdialect of the Meadow dialect and a valuable source on the historical dialectology of the Mari language. Keywords: Finno-Ugric languages, Mari language, Vol
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Nevaci, Manuela. "Concordances romanes et convergences balcano-romanes dans les dialects roumains sud-danubiens. Aspects phonétiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.19.
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"Romance Concordances and Balcano-Romance Convergences in the South-Danubian Romanian Dialects. Phonetic, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects. This paper proposes to emphasise the linguistic similarities of South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Albania, Croatia, R. of North Macedonia, Greece and Romania from the perspective of Romance and Balkan elements. We will take into consideration lexical aspects, from the point of view of linguistic contact with Balkan languages, as well as Romance elements that define these historical dialects of common Romanian. Our exposition is based on the broader theme of the relationship between genealogic (Romance features inherited from Latin, speaking of concordances in the Romance languages) and areal (convergences between the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian dialects of the Romanian language and the languages spoken in the Balkan area). Through the presence of the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian dialects of Romanian in the Balkans, creating a bridge between Romània and Balkan, a convergence was attained on the one hand with the Romance languages, and, on the other, with Greek, Albanian North Macedonian as Balkan languages. Keywords: South Danubian Romanian dialects, Aromanian dialect, Megleno-Romanian dialect, Istro-Romanian dialect, morphological and syntax dialectal system."
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Miajee, Md Rezaul Karim. "Computing: Explorations in Language." American International Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijser.v1i1.20.
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The most amazing asset we have for correspondence is dialect. This is genuine whether we are thinking about correspondence between two people, between a human software engineer and a PC, or between systems of PCs. In figuring, we utilize dialect to portray methodology and utilize machines to transform depictions of strategies into executing forms. This paper is about what dialect is, the manner by which dialect works, and approaches to characterize dialects.
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Musurmankulova, Madina Nosirovna, Djamshid Berdimurotovich Boymirzayev, and Djahongir Musulmonovich Norbadalov. "HISTORY OF COMPARATIVE DIALECT STUDIES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 06 (June 28, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-06-12.
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This article discusses the dialect system of the Russian and Uzbek languages in a comparative aspect. Studying the dialect system of the Russian and Uzbek languages in a comparative aspect makes it possible to create a comparative dialectological competence. This article is devoted to the creation of dialectological competence at the comparative level of different languages. In long-distance areas dialects, dialect systems and folklore still exist. Improving the system of comparative dialect competence of the Russian and Uzbek languages at present can give a methodical direction to students of the national group. A competent approach to the study of the dialect system develops the knowledge of future Russian language teachers in national schools. Dialect words in both the Uzbek language and the Russian language are considered in a semantic aspect.
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Lu, Yu-An. "The effect of dialectal variation on word recognition." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 20, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 535–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00048.lu.
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Abstract Previous studies on Chinese dialect variation have mostly focused on the description of dialects, the regions where these dialects are spoken, attitudes towards dialects, and acoustic differences across dialects. The present study draws on experimental evidence concerning a vowel difference in two Taiwan Southern Min (TSM) dialects to provide more understanding on how non-contrastive, dialectal variations may affect speakers’ processing of speech. The variation of interest is a phonemic difference, [ə] and [ɔ], in the vowel inventory in two TSM dialects, in which the difference signals a lexical contrast in one dialect (e.g. [ə-a] ‘oyster’ vs. [ɔ-a] ‘taro’) but not in the other ([ɔ-a] ‘oyster, taro’). A long-term repetition-priming experiment investigating the word recognition involving the two vowels revealed a dialect effect on TSM speakers’ word recognition in accordance with prior exposure, native-ness and variant frequency. Implications of the findings are provided.
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MAGOMEDOV, Daniyal Magomedovich. "SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF THE SOUTH DIALECTS OF THE AWAR LANGUAGE." Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, no. 77 (July 30, 2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc77/9.
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The article is devoted to the study of some syntactic features of the Avar language dialects. The Avar dialects syntax is not well understood, so it is sometimes difficult to establish whether a particular syntactic element is territorially distinctive. The purpose of the article is introduction of the syntactic features of the Avar dialects into scientific circulation, which will provide valuable material to the development of questions of the formation history of the Avar literary language and its historical dialectology. The article identifies dialect syntactic phenomena that have similarities with the literary language, as well as features that are not peculiar to the Avar literary language. The loss of dialectic syntactic features occurs before the influence of the Avar literary language. The study has been conducted with the use of the comparative method, the method of component analysis, as well as a survey of informants. The novelty of this article is due to the syntactic features of the dialect speech, which has not been subjected to a focused study, while for the history of the language, each dialect phenomenon is relevant and valuable.
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Francis, Norbert. "Language and dialect in China." Chinese Language and Discourse 7, no. 1 (September 19, 2016): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.7.1.05fra.
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In the study of language learning, researchers sometimes ask how languages in contact are related. They compare the linguistic features of the languages, how the mental grammars of each language sub-system are represented, put to use in performance, and how they interact. Within a linguistic family, languages can be closely related or distantly related, an interesting factor, for example, in understanding bilingualism and second language development. Dialects, on the other hand, are considered to be variants of the same language. While there is no way to always draw a sharp line between the categories of language and dialect, it is necessary to distinguish between the two kinds of language variation by the application of uniform criteria. The distinction between dialect and language is important for designing bilingual instructional programs, both for students who already speak two languages and for beginning second language learners.
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Nosirovna, Musurmankulova Madina, Aminova Roxila Xamidovna, and Xamrayeva Ulug’oy Avazovna. "Development Of Integrative Knowledge On Comparative-Dialectological Competence Of Future Teachers Of The Russian Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue03-89.
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This article discusses the importance of dialect concepts in a comparative plan and the path of development of future teachers in the professional sphere. In long-distance areas dialects, dialect systems and folklore still exist. Improving the system of comparative dialect competence of the Russian and Uzbek languages at present can give a methodical direction to students of the national group. A competent approach to the study of the dialect system develops the knowledge of future Russian language teachers in national schools. Dialect words in both the Uzbek language and the Russian language are considered in a semantic aspect.
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Kapetanović, Amir. "Centuries-Long Trends in the Linguistic Integration of Croatian Society." Slovene 1, no. 1 (2012): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2012.1.1.9.
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The article discusses the history of the Croatian language, particularly the paths of the gradual linguistic integration of all Croats and the development of the standard language (based upon the Štokavian dialect) within Croatian society, whose members have spoken three dialects (Čakavian, Štokavian, Kajkavian) since the Middle Ages. Because of the multidialectal situation (all three dialects played an important role in the history of the Croatian language), linguistic integration was a complex process. The use of the Croatian language before national integrality in the 19th century may look complicated and disunified, but this article attempts to show the old connections between different dialectal areas and the realization of two the main conceptions of the construction of Croatian superdialectal (literary) expression in linguistic history: a literary language with a single-dialect basis (but with multi-dialectal infiltration within the superstructure) and a literary (hybrid) type of language based upon at least two dialects.
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Budiarsa, I. Made. "Language, Dialect And Register Sociolinguistic Perspective." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.1.2.42.379-387.
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Sociolinguistics pays attention to the social aspects of human language. Sociolinguistics discusses the relationship between language and society. In the following part of this paper, it will be focussed on the use of (1) language (2) dialects, (3) language variation, (4) social stratification, (5) register. This discussion talks about the five types of those topics because they are really problematic sort of things, which relate the social life of the local people. In relation to this, the most important point is to distinguish the terms from one to another. There are three main points to discuss: language, dialects and register. Languages which are used as medium of communication have many varieties. These language variations are created by the existence of social stratification in the community. Social stratification will determine the form of language use by the speakers who involve in the interaction. The language variation can be in the form of dialects and register. Dialect of a language correlates with such social factors such as socio-economic status, age, occupation of the speakers. Dialect is a variety of a particular language which is used by a particular group of speakers that is signaled by systematic markers such as syntactical, phonological, grammatical markers. Dialects which are normally found in the speech community may be in the forms of regional dialect and social dialect. Register is the variation of language according to the use. It means that where the language is used as a means of communication for certain purposes. It depends entirely on the domain of language used. It is also a function of all the other components of speech situation. A formal setting may condition a formal register, characterized by particular lexical items. The informal setting may be reflected in casual register that indicates less formal vocabulary, more non-standard features, greater instances of stigmatized variables, and so on.Keywords: language, dialect, register and sociolinguistic.
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Zagorovskaya, Olga V., and Sergei V. Lesnikov. "Onomastic Vocabulary of the Loyma Sub-Dialect (Komi Republic) and Contemporary Dialectal Lexicography." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.012.
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The article tackles current problems of onomastic data presentation and correct delivering of its typological and semantic features in a modern dialectal dictionary. This particularly refers to a comprehensive electronic dialectal dictionary which covers a whole set of lexicographic fields of an article’s microstructure, including paradigmatic, syntagmatic, and additional ethnocultural information. The case is observed with the currently developed electronic Dictionary of the Russian Sub-dialect of Loyma Village of the Priluzsky District of the Komi Republic that builds on a machine-based version of the original dictionary. The authors proceed from describing the composition and the main categories of the onomastic vocabulary of the target (Loyma) sub-dialect: major groups of personal names (individual and social), toponyms (including names of cities, water bodies, and various microtoponyms), as well as some peripheral categories of proper names (names of peoples, local residents, etc.). It is noted that the onomastic vocabulary of the Loyma dialect shows a number of peculiar traits, such as extensive variability and synonymy, high incidence of emotional, evaluative, expressive, and stylistic features which reflect the specificity of the sub-dialect’s stylistic system distinctive from that of the standard Russian language. It is concluded that dealing with “living” Russian dialects, the task of creating computer-based versions of hard-copy dictionaries relates not only to the preservation of existing dialectal material but also to the addition and restructuring of these dictionaries to create multi-purpose lexicographic products, tapping cultural potential of the entire dialect, both the onomastic and the lexical.
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KNOOIHUIZEN, REMCO. "Shetland Scots as a new dialect: phonetic and phonological considerations." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 3 (October 19, 2009): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309990207.
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The dialect of Scots spoken in the Shetland Islands has been variously described as a language shift variety, acquired when the islanders abandoned their native Norn for Scots from the sixteenth century onwards, or a continuation of the dialects brought to Shetland by Scottish immigrants in the same period. More recently, Millar (2008) discussed the origins of Shetland Scots in a theory of new-dialect formation (Trudgill 2004), which allows for a combination of earlier explanations. In this article, I give a systematic analysis of the phonetics and phonology of Early Shetland Scots in comparison to Norn and mainland Scots dialects. The Shetland Scots data are largely consistent with theoretical expectations, lending further support to the new-dialect reading of the dialect's diachronic development.
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Mędelska, Jolanta. "Specyficzne warianty języków narodowych: polski północnokresowy i niemiecki nadwołżański. Perspektywy badań porównawczych." Acta Baltico-Slavica 39 (December 31, 2015): 14–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2015.004.
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Particular variations of national languages: Polish Northern Kresy dialect and Volga German. Prospects for comparative studyThe author addresses particular language codes: Polish Northern Kresy dialect and Volga German. These varieties of their respective national languages evolved in unusual circumstances. Both were located outside of their home ethnic territory and occurred mainly in the form of extensive linguistic islands.Two varieties of Polish Northern Kresy dialect took shape in the lands of presentday Lithuania, Belarus, and Latvia. Voluntarily moving to the cities and smaller towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poles carried with them the Polish language, which eventually was assumed by the local upper echelons, who by Polonizing produced a particular local cultural dialect. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Lithuanian and Belarusian peasants began to take up this dialect. In this manner, compact Polish language areas developed beyond the northeastern ethnic border, in other words, the areas of Northern Kresy dialect. Both varieties of the Polish language developed in the Russian Empire, where they were subjected to Russification. Once again they were drawn into the orbit of a strong Russian influence after World War II. On this basis, a new Northern Kresy cultural dialect took shape in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.Volga German dialects, which can be categorized as transferred dialects, arrived in the Volga region in the eighteenth century with settlers from different parts of Germany, and underwent modifications in the new locale, consisting mainly of the mixing of different dialects. These evolved for a long time in isolation, from the Russian environment, from other varieties of the German language used in many places in Russia, as well as from literary German. At the end of the nineteenth century, they were officially subjected to Russification. They were again Russified (Sovietized) in the 1920s and 30s. In the Soviet period, a peculiar cultural dialect developed, based on the dialects of Volga German.The author discusses the points of contact and divergence in the history of Volga German and Polish Northern Kresy dialect, indicating possible directions for comparative research. Specyficzne warianty języków narodowych: polski północnokresowy i niemiecki nadwołżański. Perspektywy badań porównawczychAutorka zajmuje się szczególnymi kodami językowymi: polszczyzną północnokresową i niemczyzną nadwołżańską. Są to odmiany języków narodowych, które rozwijały się w niezwykłych warunkach. Oba znajdowały się poza terytorium etnicznym i występowały głównie w postaci rozległych wysp językowych.Polszczyzna północnokresowa ukształtowała się na ziemiach dzisiejszej Litwy, Białorusi, Łotwy w dwóch odmianach. Polacy dobrowolnie przenoszący się do miast i miasteczek Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego przenieśli na te tereny język polski, który z czasem przejmowały miejscowe warstwy wyższe, polonizując się i wytwarzając specyficzny miejscowy dialekt kulturalny. W II połowie XIX w. dialekt ten zaczęli przejmować chłopi litewscy i białoruscy. W ten sposób powstały zwarte obszary języka polskiego za północno-wschodnią granicą etniczną, czyli gwary północnokresowe. Obie odmiany polszczyzny rozwijały się w Imperium Rosyjskim, gdzie poddawane były rusyfikacji. Ponownie trafiły w orbitę silnego oddziaływania języka rosyjskiego po II wojnie światowej. W Litewskiej Socjalistycznej Republice Radzieckiej na ich podstawie ukształtował się nowy północnokresowy dialekt kulturalny.Dialekty niemieckie Powołża należą do gwar przeniesionych, trafiły nad Wołgę w XVIII w. wraz z przybyszami z różnych stron Niemiec, na nowym miejscu uległy modyfikacji, polegającej głównie na wymieszaniu poszczególnych gwar. Długo rozwijały się w izolacji zarówno od rosyjskiego otoczenia, jak i od innych odmian języka niemieckiego, używanych w wielu punktach Rosji, a także od niemczyzny literackiej. Pod koniec XIX w. drogą administracyjną poddano je rusyfikacji. Ponownie rusyfikowano je (sowietyzowano) w latach 20. i 30. XX w. W okresie radzieckim na bazie dialektów niemiecko-nadwołżańskich ukształtował się swoisty dialekt kulturalny.Autorka omawia punkty styczne i rozbieżne w historii niemczyzny nadwołżańskiej i polszczyzny północnokresowej, wskazując możliwe kierunki badań porównawczych.
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Klymenko, Nataliya B. "The Experience of Lexicographic Recording of Ukrainian Eastern Steppe Dialects." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 20 (2021): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/2.
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The aim of the article is to highlight the concept and basic principles of compiling a dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects. The aim implies reaching the following objectives: substantiating the criteria for selecting the empirical material; developing the dictionary compilation principles; defining the structure of the dictionary and the dictionary entry; describing the specific designation of variants of the dialect names of clothing; covering the semantic structure of the analysed dialect words; representing synonymy, polysemy and homonymy of the studied lexical units; recording expressive shades of the analysed dialect vocabulary; writing trial dictionary entries. The material for the article includes dialect recordings made by the author, mainly by the expeditionary method, in Donetsk Oblast settlements during 1997–2013. To track the degree of word spread in the studied dialects, the materials collected by students of the Philological Faculty of Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University have been used. The research metho-dology is based on the theoretical foundations of dialectology, lexicology and lexico-graphy. To achieve the aim, general and specific scientific methods have been used: analysis and synthesis; descriptive and analytical method for collecting, inventorying, systematising dialectal lexical units, as well as for interpreting linguistic facts; the com-parative method has been used to determine the peculiarities of the analysed dialectal vocabulary; the technique of modelling dialect vocabulary has been applied to construct dictionary entries. The article presents the concept and principles of compiling the re-gional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects, taking into account the existing developments in Slavic dialectology, describes the criteria for selecting the empirical material, characterises the dictionary type and its general structure, as well as features of dictionary entries (interpretation of meanings, grammatical characteristics, labels reflecting the peculiarities of the word functioning in the dialect, the originality of the illustrative material). The study contains trial dictionary entries which demonstrate the specifics of the vocabulary of the new-settlement Ukrainian dialects of Donetsk Oblast. Further research and thorough presentation of the principles of compiling the regional dictionary of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects will be possible after extracting, selecting and analysing more lexical material. In this regard, the proposed principles of lexico-graphic recording of Eastern Steppe Ukrainian dialects can be expanded and refined.
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Kabaeva, N. F., and A. V. Diveev. "The South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language: phonetic features of one subdialect." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-453-461.
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Introduction: the authors consider the phonetic features of the subdialect of the Adashevo settlement of the South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language. They describe such speech processes in the field of vowels and consonants as vowel reduction, consecutive vowels narrowing, devocalization of sonorants, palatalization, etc. The authors study the features of accentuation and consistently compare the South-Eastern dialect with other Moksha language dialects, and show its originality. Objective: to identify and describe the phonetic features of the subdialect of Adashevo settlement of Kadoshkinsky District of the Republic of Mordovia; to show the common and the different in phonetic structure of the subdialect in comparison with other subdialects and dialects of the Moksha language. Research materials: dialect material collected by the authors and Ogarev Mordovia State University students during linguistic expeditions in 2013, 2015 and 2019. Results and novelty of the research: the analysis of the dialect material revealed phonetic features peculiar to the South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language in general and in particular to the subdialect of Adashevo settlement. Of particular interest is the narrowing of front vowels (*ä > e, *e > i), which in turn leads to the reduction of secondary narrow vowels. Cases of absence of reduction of narrow vowels in the anlaut of a word, which is unusual for other dialects of the South-Eastern dialect, are revealed. Cases of occurrence of positional affricates are described. The phonetic features of the subdialect of Adashevo settlement of the South-Eastern dialect of the Moksha language is being described in detail for the first time which until now has not been the subject of special research. The collected dialect material can be used in the compilation of a dialect dictionary and lexical atlas of the Moksha language. The revealed facts can contribute to the study of the history of the Mordovian languages.
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Gogolewski, Stanisław. "Dialectology in Poland 1873–1997." History of Linguistics in Poland 25, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.08gog.
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Summary The advent and the first stage of development of the Polish dialectology is connected with the Neogrammarian trend. In 1873, Lucjan Malinowski (1839–1898) published in Leipzig the first scientific description of a Polish dialect. His student, Kazimierz Nitsch (1874–1958), included in his research the entire territory of the Polish language, and in 1915 published the first synthesis Dialekty języka polskiego (Dialects of the Polish language).In the inter-war period and later, there appeared a number of descriptions of dialects of individual villages and larger regions. A new, synthesizing discussion of the subject, in Karol Dejna’s (b.1911) Dialekty polskie (Polish dialects), was published in 1973. Geolinguistic atlases of particular dialects were produced, as well as Mały atlas gwar polskich (A little atlas of Polish dialects) comprising the whole country. A number of dialectal dictionaries were issued; work on the voluminous Słownik gwar polskich (A dictionary of Polish dialects) is in progress. A new area of research is developing – historical dialectology which is concerned with the problems of participation of particular dialects in the formation of literary Polish.
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Dede, Keith. "Standard Chinese and the Xining dialect." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 16, no. 2 (October 12, 2006): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.16.2.10ded.
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Xining, the capital of Qinghai province, is an especially valuable location for observing the spread and influence of Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, for at least two reasons. First, the dialect’s history of contact with non-Sinitic languages, mostly Tibetan and Mongolic languages, created an older linguistic stratum that differs markedly from other Mandarin dialects, indeed with most all Chinese dialects, in clearly identifiable ways, so that comparisons between Standard Chinese and variations within the Xining dialect reflect unambiguous cases of standard cum dialect language contact. Second, the demographic history of the region, including large-scale migrations of Chinese-speaking people from other provinces, created a socio-cultural context in which the promotion of Standard Chinese would likely find fertile ground. This paper will show that the combination of these two factors has created a situation in which the old Xining dialect is rapidly disappearing. In its place is not Standard Chinese, per se, but an interdialect, a compromise variety stripped of the most obvious dialect features but clearly distinct from Standard Chinese. The differences will be shown to exist in the phonology, lexicon and syntax of the dialect and that the more highly educated members of the community are leading the changes toward the New Xining dialect. While Standard Chinese is shown to have been a powerful force in the creation the New Xining dialect, it has not completely replaced the local dialect.
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Czyżewski, Feliks. "Kilka uwag leksykograficznych (na marginesie Słownika gwar zachodniopoleskich Hryhorija Arkuszyna)." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.1.2.
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The goal of the article is to seek to answer the question how to describe folk lexis on the Slavic borderlands. On the basis of the analysis of different types of Polish, Ukrainian and Belarusian dictionaries, the author draws a conclusion that differential dictionaries that contain lexis from dialect areas of different dialectal classification do not show objective linguistic reality. He suggests that the description of lexis made according to the criterion of the opposition between dialect and literary language should be replaced by the opposition between a dialect and other dialects within one national language.
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Gerritsen, Marinel. "Divergence of dialects in a linguistic laboratory near the Belgian–Dutch–German border: Similar dialects under the influence of different standard languages." Language Variation and Change 11, no. 1 (March 1999): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394599111037.
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This article deals with divergence on the lexical, phonological, and morphological levels in three dialects that were the same until the mid-20th century (Maaseiks in Belgium, Susters in the Netherlands, and Waldfeuchts in Germany) and that have changed under the influence of three different standard languages (Belgian Dutch, Netherlandic Dutch, and Standard German). The investigation is carried out among girls aged 14 to 16 years and women aged 35 to 50 years. Due to the unique laboratory-like situation, it was possible to gain a detailed understanding of the role of the structure of the dialect and the dialect–standard language situation in the process of dialect change under the influence of a standard language. The data indicate that the linguistic route of the change is largely the same for all dialects. This means that the receiving dialect plays an important part in the linguistic embedding of a change. However, the rationale of the linguistic road is still far from clear. The divergence of the similar dialects occurred relatively recently. Whereas the women of the three places use the old dialect forms almost exclusively, the girls use forms of the standard languages or “mixed” forms, especially in Waldfeucht. The dialect of Waldfeucht is clearly affected much more strongly by Standard German than are the dialect of Maaseik by Belgian Dutch and the dialect of Susteren by Netherlandic Dutch. This can be explained by a number of factors: the position of the dialect at school, comprehensibility of the dialect, attitude towards the dialect, and the use of the dialect.
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Alsharhan, Eiman, and Allan Ramsay. "Investigating the effects of gender, dialect, and training size on the performance of Arabic speech recognition." Language Resources and Evaluation 54, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 975–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09505-5.
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Abstract Research in Arabic automatic speech recognition (ASR) is constrained by datasets of limited size, and of highly variable content and quality. Arabic-language resources vary in the attributes that affect language resources in other languages (noise, channel, speaker, genre), but also vary significantly in the dialect and level of formality of the spoken Arabic they capture. Many languages suffer similar levels of cross-dialect and cross-register acoustic variability, but these effects have been under-studied. This paper is an experimental analysis of the interaction between classical ASR corpus-compensation methods (feature selection, data selection, gender-dependent acoustic models) and the dialect-dependent/register-dependent variation among Arabic ASR corpora. The first interaction studied in this paper is that between acoustic recording quality and discrete pronunciation variation. Discrete pronunciation variation can be compensated by using grapheme-based instead of phone-based acoustic models, and by filtering out speakers with insufficient training data; the latter technique also helps to compensate for poor recording quality, which is further compensated by eliminating delta-delta acoustic features. All three techniques, together, reduce Word Error Rate (WER) by between 3.24% and 5.35%. The second aspect of dialect and register variation to be considered is variation in the fine-grained acoustic pronunciations of each phoneme in the language. Experimental results prove that gender and dialect are the principal components of variation in speech, therefore, building gender and dialect-specific models leads to substantial decreases in WER. In order to further explore the degree of acoustic differences between phone models required for each of the dialects of Arabic, cross-dialect experiments are conducted to measure how far apart Arabic dialects are acoustically in order to make a better decision about the minimal number of recognition systems needed to cover all dialectal Arabic. Finally, the research addresses an important question: how much training data is needed for building efficient speaker-independent ASR systems? This includes developing some learning curves to find out how large must the training set be to achieve acceptable performance.
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Patriantoro, Patriantoro. "The Geography of Dayak Dialect in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.300.
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The aims of this research entitled “The Geography of Dayak Dialect in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan” were to describe lexical variation, calculate the difference in lexical variation between observation points, map lexical variation, and create isogloss documents lexically. The form of this research was descriptive qualitative; the source of data for the Dayak language used in Landak was the native speakers of Dayak language. The methods used for data analysis were synchronous comparative method and triangular comparative technique between villages; while the formula used to analyze the data was the Dialectometric. The results from the data analysis, difference in lexical variation calculation between observation of Dayak language in Landak regency indicated that there found language differences, dialect differences, sub-dialect differences speech differences and no differences. Different lexical variations existed in the study area. There found 2 languages from the mapping of lexical variations of the Dayak language in Landak Regency. The first language included 4 observation points (Air Besar/Serimbu) called as S language (Serimbu) and the second language at observation points ((1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 / Sompak, Darit, Landak, Pahoman, Sengah Temila, and Mandor ) is referred to as the K language (Kanayatn). The K (Kanayatn) languge itself has 2 dialects, namely first dialect at the Observation point (3) Landak (members of Landak), the second dialect at the point of observation (1,2,5,6,7) Darit dialect (members of Sompak, Darit, Pahoman, Sengah Temila, and darit). The lexical isogloss documents separated the different language area with the percentage of 80.1%-100%; dialect areas 50.1%-80%; sub-dialect area 30.1%-50%; regional different in speech 20.1%-50%; and no difference with the range of 0-20%.
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Hendricks, Alison Eisel, and Carolyn Jimenez. "Teacher Report of Students' Dialect Use and Language Ability." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 52, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00113.
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Purpose For many school-age children, teachers are the first professionals to refer for speech/language services. However, many speech-language pathologists note that students without language disorders who speak non–mainstream American English (NMAE) dialects are referred to speech/language evaluation. This research note presents results of a preliminary study exploring teachers' ability to report student dialect use and how teacher reports of language ability depend on their perception of the student's dialect use. Method Teachers completed a brief two-question survey about students' dialect use and a standardized questionnaire about students' language and literacy skills for 254 students (K‑second grades). A subset of 30 students completed a standardized screener of dialect use and language ability. Results Teachers reported that 12.2% of students spoke an NMAE dialect, whereas 77.2% did not. In sharp contrast, the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test indicated that 63% of students spoke an NMAE dialect, and 37% spoke MAE, suggesting a discrepancy between teachers' perceptions of dialect use and children's dialect use. Written responses suggested teachers may confuse NMAE dialect use and bilingualism or speech/language difficulties. Interestingly, teachers reported lower language skills among students they believe speak an NMAE dialect ( p = .021). Conclusions These results provide preliminary evidence that teachers may have difficulty determining student dialect use and may report lower language skills for students they believe speak an NMAE dialect. Interprofessional collaborations between teachers and speech-language pathologists may be able to reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis of language disorders among students who speak NMAE dialects.
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Kusumah, Surya Adi, and Silpia Rahayu. "THE INFLUENCE BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE POTENTIAL WITH THEIR OWN DIALECT." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i6.p680-688.
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This study was conducted to obtain information about dialect in student's potential whether it could be decided to speak fluently or not. Taken from one of institute which appear the idea to analyze the problem, the main instrument to collect the data was questionnaire and transform it to be narrative which aimed this research use qualitative method. From 4 dialects were used by the students namely Bataknese, Minangnese, Javanese and Sundanese which they use when speaking, especially the dialect’s intonation usage within English speaking. This will be impact on the learning method that might be constant rather than variable within English intonation usage. The questionnaire result will prove about the problem that occur in amid of the classroom. Moreover, this research has been supported from more than 10 theories instead. It contains many different topics related dialect and student's potential in speaking. From finding, the researcher obtained the data that talking with person who have strong dialect was not such a big problem to understand what does the person mean. The result is not change the dialect the person used, the only thing is practice English intonation to be better and develop the person's language potential to adjust the language the person speaks. Keywords: Dialect, English intonation, Student’s Potential
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Normanskaya, Julia Viktorovna. "IS KOMI-YAZVA SEPARATE LANGUAGE OR KOMI-PERMIAN’S DIALECT?" Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 618–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-4-628-641.
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The question of Komi-Yazva separate language or Komi-Permian dialects is currently open. There are different opinions: linguists of the late XIX - early XX cent. suggested that it is a dialect. In the early XXI cent. opinions of the scientists were divided and some experts supposed that Komi-Yazva can be a separate language. Currently, on the LinguoDoc platform there are special program modules, which reproduce the etymologist's big data analysis results, as well as 16 dictionaries of Komi dialect related languages with etymological connections. These are audio dictionaries, materials for which were collected in 2015-2018, and archival dictionaries of the XVIII-XIXcent. As a result of the dictionaries’ processing with the use of special comparative-historical module for phonetic and etymological criteria, it was found that the distance from the Komi-Yazva to the modern dialects of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages is significantly greater than between the latter two ones, so in terms of phonetic changes, Komi-Yazva is currently a separate language. In the XVIII. cent. Komi-Yazva was close to the Komi-Permyak dictionaries recorded by P. S. Pallas and Nikita Ovchinnikov. As the analysis shows, 250 years ago, Komi-Yazva and Komi-Permyak languages had only minor dialect differences, but over the next two centuries, the Komi-Permyak dialects had many innovative changes, which brought them closer to the Komi-Zyryan dialects of the Komi Republic, whereas the Komi-Yazva language presents the archaic stage of Komi languages: the features, which were the characteristics of the Komi-Permyak first dictionaries in the XVIII-th. century.
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Mamah, Juliana Ginika, Jacinta Ukamaka Eze, Bestman Esegbuyiota Odeh, and Ifeanyi John Nwosu. "Documentation of Endangered Dialect of the Igbo Language: Issues of Greetings in Enugwu Ezike Dialect." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1201.13.
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This paper studies the documentation of endangered dialect of the Igbo language: Issues of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect. The objectives of the study are to identify different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike, examine the extent to which other dialects, standard Igbo or English language are preferred in greetings in Enugwu Ezike and also to proffer measures through which the greeting patterns can be revitalised. The data for the study were gathered through introspection and unstructured oral interview. Using descriptive method of data analysis, the study discovers different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect ranging from daily greetings, greetings to the sick, farewell greetings, seasonal/ periodic greetings, eulogy/praise greetings etc. The study also discovers that many speakers of Enugwu Ezike dialect especially the younger generation prefer the greeting patterns of other dialects and languages. In order to avert this ugly phenomenon, the study suggests measures towards reviving this aspect of the dialect which are through documentation, awareness-raising through programs on radio and television stations, involving the young people via social media and the loyalty of the speakers towards their dialect. The study therefore recommends that researchers from Enugwu Ezike extraction should endeavour to work on other aspects of Enugwu Ezike dialect that is under threat of endangerment or outright extinction.
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Loktionova, Nadezhda M., Lidia K. Alakhverdieva, Olga A. Fomina, Irina A. Kuzminova, and Irina A. Zubkova. "Phraseological Nature of Terminology Combinations in Russian Dialects (Through Don Dialects)." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001004.
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Areal study of the Don territory provides researchers with the evidences of ethnic culture. Uniqueness of the semantic development of Don dialect phraseology in a modern research paradigm is perceived as a reflection of a national language background of linguistic-cultural community. A special mention must be made with regards to a particular nature of linguistic culture and dialectic terminology of Don dialects. When covering the role of terminology phrases in a dialect and the appropriateness of classifying them as dialect phraseological units, their continual relationship with ethnic and linguistic factors are worth mentioning.
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WAGNER, LAURA, CYNTHIA G. CLOPPER, and JOHN K. PATE. "Children's perception of dialect variation." Journal of Child Language 41, no. 5 (August 28, 2013): 1062–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000330.
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ABSTRACTA speaker's regional dialect is a rich source of information about that person. Two studies examined five- to six-year-old children's perception of regional dialect: Can they perceive differences among dialects? Have they made meaningful social connections to specific dialects? Experiment 1 asked children to categorize speakers into groups based on their accent; Experiment 2 asked them to match speakers to (un)familiar cultural items. Each child was tested with two of the following: the child's Home dialect, a Regional variant of that dialect, and a Second-Language variant. Results showed that children could successfully categorize only with a Home vs. Second-Language dialect contrast, but could reliably link cultural items with either a Home vs. Second-Language or a Regional vs. Second-Language dialect contrast. These results demonstrate five- to six-year-old children's developing perceptual skill with dialect, and suggest that they have a gradient representation of dialect variation.
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Sze, Felix, Silva Isma, Adhika Irlang Suwiryo, Laura Lesmana Wijaya, Adhi Kusumo Bharato, and Iwan Satryawan. "Differentiating ‘dialect’ and ‘language’ in sign languages." Asia-Pacific Language Variation 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 190–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.1.2.04sze.
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The distinction between languages and dialects has remained a controversial issue in literature. When such a distinction is made, it often has far-reaching implications in top-down language promotion and preservation policies that tend to favor only those varieties that are labelled as ‘languages’. This issue is of critical importance for the survival of most sign language varieties in the world from a socio-political point of view. Against this background, this paper discusses how the notions of ‘dialect’ and ‘language’ have been applied in classifying sign languages in the past few decades. In particular, the paper reports on two recent studies which provide linguistic evidence that the signing varieties used by Deaf signers in Jakarta and Yogyakarta in Indonesia should be regarded as distinct sign languages rather than mutually intelligible dialects of Indonesian Sign Language. The evidence comes from significant differences in the lexicon, preferred word order for encoding transitive events, and use of mouth actions. Our result suggests that signing varieties within a country can be significantly different from each other, thus calling for more concerted efforts in documenting and recognizing these differences if the linguistic needs of the signing communities are to be met.
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Martínez, Glenn. "Classroom Based Dialect Awareness in Heritage Language Instruction: A Critical Applied Linguistic Approach." Heritage Language Journal 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2003): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.1.1.3.
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The present paper argues that while the Spanish for Heritage Learners (SHL) profession has given ample attention to sociolinguistic issues such as linguistic standards and language variation in teacher training, it has not yet given sufficient attention to the promotion of dialect awareness among heritage learners themselves. After discussing the role of dialect in heritage language pedagogy, I review some of the ways in which dialect awareness has been fostered in existing SHL textbooks and ancillary materials. I argue that these approaches can be sharpened by attending to the social functions of language variation. I present a critical applied linguistic approach to dialect awareness that focuses on the indexical aspects of language variation in society. I discuss three strands of this approach to dialect awareness: functions of dialects, distributions of dialects, and evaluation of dialects. Finally, I suggest some activities to present these strands in a first year college level Spanish for heritage learners class.
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Paśko-Koneczniak, Dorota. "Osobliwości funkcjonowania gwar wyspowych (na marginesie badań rosyjskiej gwary staroobrzędowców w ośrodku suwalsko-augustowskim i polskiej gwary mieszkańców Wierszyny na Syberii)." Acta Baltico-Slavica 36 (July 26, 2015): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2012.004.
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Peculiarities of the functioning of island dialects (on the margins of research into the Russian dialect of the old believers in the Suwałki–Augustów region and the polish dialect of the inhabitants of Vershina in Siberia)The article deals with the functioning of island dialects: the Russian dialect of the Old Believers from the Suwałki–Augustów region and the Polish dialect of the inhabitants of Vershina in Siberia. The former functions in the Polish-language environment, and the latter in the Russian-language environment. The speakers of island dialects do not have any contact with their nationwide languages. The foreign language environment influences the linguistic condition of island dialects to a considerable degree. On the one hand, it contributes to cultivating distinct features of the dialect; on the other, it facilitates the process in which elements of the surrounding language permeate the dialect. The major peculiarity of the island dialect is its vocabulary. It is also the most rapidly changing linguistic element. Each and every aspect of reality will sooner or later be reflected in language. Island dialects ‘fill’ their linguistic gap by means of borrowing words from the surrounding language. Both dialects studied in this article borrow lexical items in such fields as health, jobs and professions, household management, education, transportation, and farming, which then at various degrees are subject to adaptation processes.Особенности функционирования островных говоров (по поводу исследований русского говора старообрядцев в сувальско-августовском регионе и польского говора жителей дер. Вершина в Сибири)Статья посвящена функционирванию двух островных говоров: русского говора старообрядцев, проживающих в сувальско-августовском регионе и польского говора жителей деревни Вершина в Сибири. Говор старообрядцев находится в польском языковом окружении, а говор вершининцев в русском языковом окружении. Говоры островного характера не имеют территориального контакта со своим общенародным языком. Иноязычное окружение в большой степени влияет на языковое состояние островного говора. С одной стороны оно способствует сохранению своеобразия определëнного диалекта, а с другой, взаимопроникновению элементов одного языка в диалект другого. Особенностью островных говоров является прежде всего их лексика. Лексика – это тот пласт языка, который подвергается самым быстрым изменениям. В случае островных говоров лексический запас пополняется заимствованиями, которые касаются обычно повседневной жизни. В исследуемых говорах заимствования затрону- ли бытовую и хозяйственную лексику, а также названия профессий, названия связанные со здоровьем, транспортом, торговлей, школой.
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Huseynova, H. "On Some Words of Azerbaijani-Turkish Origin." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/66/71.
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The study of the dialectal features of languages, which are means of communication between people, is very valuable in terms of studying the historical development of the language, its nationality, its relationship with other languages, the historical development of its people. Taking into account these aspects, we tried to study the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, to identify the examples preserved in the dialect lexicon of our language and considered archetypes of modern language units, to talk about their contacts with other languages, etymology of some Turkic words. In this regard, the article in Russian “cups, yogurt, pies, paints, etc.” Opinions were expressed on the etymology of the words, and it was proved that they were of Turkic origin.
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Marzona, Yessy. "Phoneme in Minangkabau Language Between Padang Dialect and Lintau Buo Dialect." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v3i1.382.
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Minangkabau people have many dialects, every region has one dialect. Padang and Lintau do not have same dialect. Padang city uses Minangkabau Language because this is a standard language eventhought they has many varieties dialect use in daily communication.Padang and Lintau Buo, both of which are often called Minangkabau language, are different dialect rather than different dialect of one language because they are not mutually intelligible in their spoken form. The problems are the difference between phoneme in Padang and Lintau Buo dialect and phonem deletion and additional in Padang and Lintau Buo dialect. There are differences between phoneme of Padang dialect and Lintau Buo dialect. The difference of phoneme can be seen in their vowels and consonants in several position of phoneme such as initial, medial and final.Phoneme
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Darwish, Kareem, Mohammed Attia, Hamdy Mubarak, Younes Samih, Ahmed Abdelali, Lluís Màrquez, Mohamed Eldesouki, and Laura Kallmeyer. "Effective multi-dialectal arabic POS tagging." Natural Language Engineering 26, no. 6 (April 14, 2020): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324920000078.
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AbstractThis work introduces robust multi-dialectal part of speech tagging trained on an annotated data set of Arabic tweets in four major dialect groups: Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf, and Maghrebi. We implement two different sequence tagging approaches. The first uses conditional random fields (CRFs), while the second combines word- and character-based representations in a deep neural network with stacked layers of convolutional and recurrent networks with a CRF output layer. We successfully exploit a variety of features that help generalize our models, such as Brown clusters and stem templates. Also, we develop robust joint models that tag multi-dialectal tweets and outperform uni-dialectal taggers. We achieve a combined accuracy of 92.4% across all dialects, with per dialect results ranging between 90.2% and 95.4%. We obtained the results using a train/dev/test split of 70/10/20 for a data set of 350 tweets per dialect.
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Kliukienė, Regina. "Talking dialect to parents and the attitude towards dialects in Žemaitija towns (quantitative analysis)." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 5 (November 5, 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17458.
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Currently more and more research is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic situation of Lithuanian towns and villages (cf. Ramonienė et al. 2010). The issues of the choice of linguistic varieties and analysis of the trends of using dialects in private and public life as well as relationship between dialectal speech and standard language deserve special attention (Ramonienė et al. 2010; Ramonienė 2006; Aliūkaitė 2007; 2011; Kalėdienė 2009). This paper makes use of the material and the quantitative data from the project The sociolinguistic map of Lithuania: towns and villages implemented by Vilnius University, the Lithuanian Language Institute and Vytautas Magnus University in 2010-2012 as well as of the maps drawn by Viktorija Baranauskienė on the basis of the same data (2013).A more detailed analysis of dialects used by children in communication with their parents in the towns of Žemaitija region (cf. the map The use of dialects in communication with parents among the respondents and regional distribution of dialects) is given and the features of a dialect used in Klaipėda, the largest town of Žemaitija, and smaller towns as well as the opinions of the residents of Žemaitija about the most usual, most valuable and most intelligible dialect and promotion of the use of dialects among young people are discussed separately. The quantitative data is presented in graphs and maps.According to the quantitative data, the use of heterogeneous, or ‘mixed’, and homogenous, or ‘pure’, dialects of the towns of Žemaitija region in communication with parents is as follows: the Žemaitian dialect prevails in many ‘pure’ towns of Žemaitija such as Plungė, Rietavas, Telšiai, Gargždai, Šilalė, Skuodas. The residents of these towns are also more favourably disposed towards the Žemaitian dialect—the majority would encourage young people to learn and speak the dialect; however, a smaller percentage think that the Žemaitian dialect is the most beautiful. In the ‘mixed’ towns of Žemaitija region (where both the Aukštaitian dialect and the Žemaitian dialect are used) Šiauliai, Kuršėnai and Šilutė only 1–5 per cent use the Žemaitian dialect in communication with parents, but there the Žemaitian dialect is considered the most usual and the most beautiful.
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Vaicekauskienė, Loreta, and Ērika Sausverde. "Lithuanian dialect reserve. Social and geographical restrictions imposed on dialect mobility as reflected in direct attitudinal studies." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2012.17250.
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The paper investigates a twofold attitude towards linguistic diversity in the Lithuanian-speaking community, where, on the one hand, the dialects are valorised as a national and ethnographic asset and, on the other hand, certain restrictions on their use are imposed because of association with a lower social value and negative stereotypes. Three direct attitudinal studies serve as an empirical basis for the research: a quantitative survey, qualitative interviews and an experiment with high-school students on stereotypical traits of the dialect speaker. When discussing future prospects of dialect change, the overt values of the speakers are compared with the findings of the speaker evaluation experiment that have revealed subconscious values of dialectal speech. The research has shown that compared to the Soviet times, the ideological climate regarding dialects has become more politically correct. Positive attitudes are most prominent at a declarative level and when regional identity and the speaker’s affiliation with a particular community have to be emphasised. Daily personal experiences, however, with the functionality of a dialect and evaluations of social and geographic mobility of dialect speakers, show a less favourable assessment of dialectal speech in comparison to the standard (non-dialectal) varieties. It is very much due to a frequent negative stereotyping of dialect speakers. The subconscious attitudes also reveal that the dialectal variability of speech has an arguably lower social meaning compared to the non-dialectal variability. The attitudes and practices of non-professional (lay) people may be claimed to reflect a double-faced standardization ideology of the Lithuanian language, which valorises dialects as an ecologic asset and at the same time limits their functioning by putting them in the reserve of “immobile” speakers.