Academic literature on the topic 'Language and languages – Etymology – Lexicography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Language and languages – Etymology – Lexicography"
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Junttila, Santeri, Sampsa Holopainen, and Juho Pystynen. "Digital Etymological Dictionary of the Oldest Vocabulary of Finnish." Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 46, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.46.2.15.
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This paper presents the new project Digital etymological dictionary of the oldest vocabulary of Finnish (University of Helsinki, funded by the Kone Foundation) and discusses the present state and challenges of the (especially digital) etymological resources of the Finnic languages and Uralic languages in general. It is also shown how crowdsourcing of etymology can work, and how the present platform could be used in the etymological lexicography of other languages and language families.
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Subbiondo, Joseph L. "Lexicography and the Evolution of Consciousness." Historiographia Linguistica 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2003): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.30.3.07sub.
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Summary Owen Barfield (1898–1997), a cultural critic and historian, has been appreciated by literary scholars and artists including C. S. Lewis, T. S. Eliot, and W. H. Auden, but he has been relatively unnoticed by linguists despite the fact that he advanced a thoughtfully reasoned and documented theory of language history throughout his many writings. In his theory of etymological semantics, Barfield asserted that the etymology of words reveals an evolution of human consciousness. Barfield’s relationship between language and consciousness is significant to the history of linguistics because he not only described what changed in a language’s history, but he also explained why it changed. In his seminal History in English Words (1926), a book written at the beginning of his nearly 70-year career as a scholar and writer, Barfield initially presented his theory with examples from the history of English beginning with its origins in Indo-European. This theory became a central and unifying theme in all of his work – a theory which he refined and expanded in many later writings, especially in Poetic Diction (1928), Speaker’s Meaning (1967), and History, Guilt, and Habit (1979).
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Lewaszkiewicz, Tadeusz. "Teoria i praktyka etymologiczna Samuela Bogumiła Lindego na tle jego komparatystyki językoznawczej." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 74/1 (June 15, 2018): 41–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2017.74.2.
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Linde’s theory and practice of etymology must not be evaluated solely through the lens of modern linguistics, but also from the point of view of late 19th century language (especially Slavic language) studies. Against the general background of late 18th/early 19th century linguistics, his theory of etymology may be granted tentative approval, even though it contains many mistakes and nonsensical conclusions. Linde compiled the views of many of his predecessors (such as de Brosses, de Gébelin, Adelung, Ihre, Wachter and Dobrovský), but also attempted to modify some of their thoughts and add his own. It is not true (as stated in Zwoliński 1981) that no connection exists between the etymological theories of Dobrovský and Linde. The Polish lexicographer did indeed partially utilise the Czech’s work. Such approval cannot, however, be extended to Linde’s etymological practices as regards comparing Polish and Polish-Slavic lexical material: even though 65% (i.e. 547) of etymological fields contain correctly compiled vocabulary, mistakes occur in 35% (i.e. 292) of them. That Linde’s etymology-deriving principles were ineffective is evidenced by the fact that each of these 292 etymological fields should – based on the state of knowledge in the late 19th/early 20th century – be split into from 2 to 19 etymological fields. On the other hand, his etymological lists that cite words from many Indo-European languages, such as Polish and other Slavic languages, Latin, Greek, German and Baltic languages, and Sanskrit, should be viewed with some approval. Most of the comparisons found in Linde’s etymological treatise, which contains about 1,300 entries, bear similar marks of plausibility. The possibility of Bopp, Rask and Grimm being familiar with the inquiries of the Polish lexicographer and amateur linguist cannot be excluded. In the 19th century, Linde’s etymological principles influenced the so-called inspired linguists, including J. Kamiński, J. Lelewel, A. Mickiewicz and C.K. Norwid.
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Nowowiejski, Bogusław. "Słowniczek tykociński Zygmunta Glogera – źródła i dokumentacja." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 24, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2017.24.2.9.
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The article focuses on lexicographic means and methods used in the 19th century dialectal lexicography. Zygmunt Gloger in Tykocin Dictionary refers not only to dialect but also to other sources, which makes his work unique. It contains numerous references, especially to literary and historical texts, but also specialised papers. They serve either to prove the presence of a particular word/phrase in the Polish language in the past or in the times of Gloger, or to document the use of selected units in various syntactic and semantic contexts. Scientific references enable to define and to deepen etymology of selected words, or to provide an alternative variation. Referring to various sources in order to show historically or/and geographically determined phonetic, morphological and semantic-lexical forms that differ from forms in Tykocin Dictionary is rare.
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Yarovikova, Y. V. "A Lexicographic Description of the Concept “Anger”." Язык и текст 7, no. 1 (2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2020070112.
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The paper seeks to outline the content of the concept “anger” as it is represented both in print and online lexicographic resources. The study is based upon the data gained directly from mono- and bilingual thesauruses, dictionaries of etymology, phraseology and idioms. The subject of the study is the semantic structure of the lexeme “anger” that names the corresponding concept in the English language. Etymological, definitional and contextual analyses revealed the lexeme’s diachronic transformations that underlie its semantics in Modern English. The data obtained in the analyses also contributed to identifying a wide range of usual cognitive characteristics that constitute the notional component of the concept. The choice of this issue is determined primarily by linguists’ continuing interest in representing a person’s interior by language means. The findings of the study make a contribution to the further development of issues relating to the linguistic expression of the human inner world in Modern Germanic languages from linguocognitive and anthropological perspectives.
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Donlan, Lisa. "Researching the Etymology of Australian English Colloquialisms in the Digital Age: Implications for 21st Century Lexicography." English Today 32, no. 3 (April 19, 2016): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000079.
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In the December 2012 issue of English Today, Philip Durkin argues that lexis is currently a ‘Cinderella’ subject: he suggests that the methodological problems generated by the study of lexis have led to it being marginalised in contemporary linguistic research (2012: 3). Nevertheless, Durkin notes that ‘lexis (or vocabulary) is probably the area of linguistics that is most accessible and most salient for a non-specialist audience’ (2012: 3). Thus, one cannot overestimate the importance of lexical research with regards to engaging a wider audience in linguistic discourses. Prior to the advent of the internet, however, researching etymology was a laborious process for English language enthusiasts, especially when the lexical items of interest were considered to be colloquialisms or slang. Indeed, ‘non-standard’ lexis, historically, has been marginalised and sometimes even excluded from dictionaries (Durkin, 2012: 6); however, the rise of the internet and social media has led to the increased visibility of ‘non-standard’ lexis, making information about language use more accessible to researchers outside of the local speech community (Browne & Uribe-Jongbloed, 2013: 23). Moreover, the internet has given language enthusiasts unprecedented access to a range of historical and contextual information which proves invaluable when considering etymology. This article demonstrates how more conventional language resources such as the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) can be used alongside a variety of other online resources and fictional and nonfictional texts to identify the etymologies of contemporary English lexical items. Specifically, this essay explores the etymologies of three Australian colloquial nouns (bogan, cobber, and sandgroper) taken from travel website TripAdvisor's (2011) user-generated glossary of Australian English colloquialisms.
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Gomez Gane, Yorick. "Ital. ammazzare (con considerazioni su stramazzare, mattare, mazzare)." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 2 (June 8, 2018): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0034.
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AbstractThe Italian verb ammazzare ‘to kill (someone), usually in a violent way’ is explained by Italian historical and etymological lexicography as a verb originally indicating a homicide committed with a club (Italian mazza). On the basis of historical linguistic examples it is instead here ascribed to the act of striking animals with a club during slaughter, where the verb would then assume (for the immediate correspondence between the action and its purpose) the general meaning of ‘killing (an animal)’ (subsequently being referred to people). The article then briefly discusses the etymology of the Italian verb stramazzare ‘to strike down to the ground violently’, which may also be ascribed to animal slaughter, and finally the origin of the ancient Italian verbs mattare and mazzare ‘to kill’, as well as their possible Latin bases *mattare/*mattiare.
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Yadav, Manoj Kumar, and Meenakshi Sharma Yadav. "An Overview on the Impacts and Strategies of Morphology in English Language Teaching to the L2 Learners." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v3i1.550.
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This article presents a scientific-discourse and overview systematically on the word-formation that how the impacts and strategies of morphology produce the significant enrolment in the productive-pedagogies to teach and enhance the different parameters and paradigms of vocabulary’s re-structure and lexicography. The determinations of researchers define and describe the mechanism of affix morphemes (derivational and inflectional) in the formation of new words with the complete lexical-semantic meaning and syntactic-structure, which are developed through the general morphological processes in the morphosyntax. This research attempt intends to specify the strategies, knowledge, and information employed by L2 students of tertiary level when they face new words while reading the texts. Even learners have a tendency to ignore a large amount of new vocabulary they encountered due to poor enhancement of the weak vocabulary awareness and immature and traditional pedagogical course policies at their schooling. They must beware of morphological misanalysis and false-etymology. Therefore, the article advocates instructors that L2 students to individual’s phonological awareness, knowledge of orthography (sound-symbol relationships, letter patterns and spelling regularities), knowledge of vocabulary, and visual memory skills. Learners are advised to aware of the enhancement of word theories and all kind of word formations and processes for their productive reading performances, creative writing drafts, figurative expressions and critical thinking lexicologically at the course level.
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Бирагова, Б. М. "Tamerlan Alexandrovich Guriev and his contribution to modern Caucasus studies (on the IV International Guriev readings)." Kavkaz-forum, no. 5(12) (March 23, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.12.5.007.
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В статье представлен научный отчет о IV Международных Гуриевских чтениях – одной из флагманских конференций Северо-Осетинского института гуманитарных и социальных исследований им. В.И. Абаева (г. Владикавказ), посвященной памяти известного ученого-языковеда, доктора филологических наук, профессора, заслуженного деятеля науки Российской Федерации Тамерлана Александровича Гуриева (1929 – 2016). Трудно определить сферу научных изысканий Т.А. Гуриева: он внес весомый вклад в целый ряд направлений современного кавказоведения. Его исследования носили системный характер, что особенно актуализирует его творческое наследие, к которому все чаще обращаются в своих работах историки, этнологи, антропологи, филологи и лингвисты, фольклористы, литературоведы, культурологи, чья деятельность связана с изучением народов Кавказа. В своих трудах он осуществляет сравнительные исследования, обращает внимание на межъязыковые связи, работает над систематизацией грамматики осетинского языка. Ученый является автором базовых изысканий по кавказской и иранской ономастике, лексикографии и лексикологии, этимологии. Являясь знатоком иранских, славянских языков, санскрита, а также английского, французского языков, он трудился над составлением словарей. Неоценим его вклад в современное нартоведение: к его трудам обращаются специалисты в данной области во всем мире. Он был постоянным автором и редактором нескольких сборников научных трудов («Осетинская филология», «Проблемы осетинского языкознания», «Культура осетинской речи и стилистика»). «Гуриевские чтения» проходят в этом году уже в четвертый раз, и с каждым годом эта площадка для научного диалога только расширяется, привлекая все большее количество участников, для которых научное наследие Т.А Гуриева является важной ступенью в их исследованиях. The article presents a scientific report on the IV International Guriev Readings - one of the flagship conferences of the North Ossetian Institute of Humanitarian and Social Research named after V.I. IN AND. Abaev (Vladikavkaz), dedicated to the memory of the famous scientist-linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Tamerlan Alexandrovich Guriev (1929 - 2016). It is difficult to define the scope of T.A. Guriev: he made a significant contribution to a number of areas of modern Caucasian studies. His research was of a systemic nature, which especially actualizes his creative heritage, which is increasingly being addressed in their works by historians, ethnologists, anthropologists, philologists and linguists, folklorists, literary critics, culturologists, whose activities are related to the study of the peoples of the Caucasus. In his writings, he carries out comparative research, draws attention to interlanguage connections, works on the systematization of the grammar of the Ossetian language. The scientist is the author of basic research on Caucasian and Iranian onomastics, lexicography and lexicology, etymology. Being a connoisseur of Iranian, Slavic languages, Sanskrit, as well as English, French, he worked on compiling dictionaries. His contribution to modern nartology is invaluable: specialists in this field all over the world refer to his works. He was a regular author and editor of several collections of scientific works ("Ossetian philology", "Problems of Ossetian linguistics", "Culture of Ossetian speech and stylistics"). "Guriev's Readings" are being held this year for the fourth time, and every year this platform for scientific dialogue is only expanding, attracting an increasing number of participants for whom the scientific heritage of T.A. Guriev is an important step in their research.
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Soosaar, Sven-Erik. "About a fashion-related Estonian-Swedish loanword krunn." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.08.
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The word krunn in the meaning of a certain hairdo first occurs in lexicographic sources as late as 1960. It had no etymology proposed until now. A source for this word is proposed – the Estonian-Swedish krún‘a crown; a cockscomb’. Although the short vowel and long consonant in the end is not strictly regular development, the etymology is confirmed with the original geographical distribution of the word in Estonian subdialects and parallel developments in other stems with a similarly affective meaning.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Language and languages – Etymology – Lexicography"
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Chavalala, Bulu James. "Lemmatisation of derivative nouns in Xitsonga-English bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2373.
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Tomba, Moussavou Fatima. "Metalexicographic criteria for a monolingual descriptive dictionary presenting the standard variety of Yipunu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21909.
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Dissertation (DLitt)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dictionaries available in the Gabonese languages are all translation dictionaries biased towards French and compiled by missionaries and colonial administrators. No proper monolingual dictionaries exist in the Gabonese languages. There is therefore a need for monolingual dictionaries in the Gabonese languages, particularly in Yipunu, one of the Bantu languages (B 43) spoken in the South of Gabon. Yipunu is a regional vehicular language or a major or majority language. Yipunu is a domestic language i.e spoken inside Bapunu communities or a mother tongue or first language and Yipunu is also taught as subject in the national educational system. As a response to this need, this dissertation proposes metalexicographic criteria for the compilation of a standard descriptive monolingual dictionary with special reference to Yipunu. The proposed model focuses primarily on the inclusion and the treatment of the standard variety of Yipunu and to a lesser degree on the other varieties. Such a model is directed at a dictionary primarily dealing with the needs of the average, educated members of the Yipunu speech community, the mother-tongue speakers, and also designed for experienced and advanced learners of Yipunu and their teachers. This study aims to point out how important standard descriptive monolingual dictionaries are in general and specifically in the case of African Bantu languages. This study also aims to highlight the importance for Gabonese lexicographers to adopt modern lexicographical principles in dictionary compilation such as the user-driven dictionary and the corpus-based dictionary. This model, although devised for Yipunu, will eventually serve as model for the design of standard descriptive dictionaries in all Gabonese languages. This study provides information about the content and the structures of such a dictionary and is structured as follows: Chapter 1 focuses on introducing and contextualising the research. It presents the linguistic situation in Gabon with reference to the status of Yipunu. It also shows the importance and the relevance of the research and gives the theoretical basis, methodology, hypotheses and objectives underlying the study. Chapter 2 criticises the lexicographic works in Yipunu in order to improve the quality of future Yipunu dictionaries and examines the major needs of Yipunu lexicography. Chapter 3 envisages some aspects of the standardisation of Yipunu. It targets the discussion at the level of the language analysis namely the phonology, the grammar, the dictionary and the orthography of Yipunu. Chapter 4 discusses the user perspective, which guides the dictionary compilation. It focuses on the user profile, user typologies and dictionary functions. The intended dictionary has a multifunctional character. Special attention is given to a pioneering survey of dictionary use among Gabonese students and to the discussion of the teaching of dictionary use in Gabon. Chapter 5 deals with the dictionary plan. Different aspects such as the style guide, the genuine purpose, the dictionary basis, data collection, the data collection policy, data collection methods and the corpus of the proposed dictionary are discussed Chapter 6 elaborates on the macrostructure of the proposed dictionary. The dictionary gives priority to a strict alphabetical macrostructure. Macrostructural elements, lemmatisation strategies, and types of lemmas and articles to be included in the proposed dictionary are discussed. Chapter 7 focuses on the microstructure of the proposed dictionary. The model suggests an obligatory microstructure and an extended obligatory microstructure and discusses the variety of data to be included in the articles of the proposed dictionary. Chapter 8 deals with the outer text section and the guide structures of the proposed dictionary, which includes front and back matter texts. Polyaccessibility, a system of cross-referencing, and lemmatic and non-lemmatic addressings are characteristics of the proposed dictionary. Chapter 9 makes some concluding remarks by highlighting the focus point of each chapter of the dissertation. It gives also some recommendations for the research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die woordeboeke beskikbaar in die Gaboenese tale is almal vertalende woordeboeke gerig op Frans en saamgestel deur sendelinge en koloniale administrateurs. Geen werklike eentalige woordeboeke bestaan in die Gaboenese tale nie. Daar is gevolglik 'n behoefte aan eentalige woordeboeke in die Gaboenese tale, veral in Jipoenoe, een van die Bantoetale (B 43) wat in die Suide van Gaboen gepraat word. Jipoenoe is 'n streeksvoertaal of 'n hoof- of meerderheidstaal. Jipoenoe is 'n huistaal d.w.s. wat binne Bapoenoegemeenskappe gepraat word of 'n moedertaal of eerste taal en Jipoenoe word ook as vak in die nasionale opvoedingstelsel onderrig. In reaksie op hierdie behoefte stel hierdie proefskrif metaleksikografiese kriteria voor vir die samestelling van 'n standaard beskrywende eentalige woordeboek met spesiale verwysing na Jipoenoe. Die voorgestelde model fokus primêr op die insluiting en behandeling van die standaardvariëteit van Jipoenoe en in 'n mindere mate op die ander variëteite. Die model is gerig op 'n woordeboek wat primêr aandag gee aan die behoeftes van die deursnee- opgevoede lede van die Jipoenoespraakgemeenskap, die moedertaalsprekers, en wat ook ontwerp is vir kundige en gevorderde leerders van Jipoenoe en hul onderwysers. Die doel van hierdie studie is om aan te toon hoe belangrik standaard beskrywende eentalige woordeboeke in die algemeen en spesifiek in die geval van die Bantoetale van Afrika is. Die doel van hierdie studie is ook om die belangrikheid vir Gaboenese leksikograwe te belig om moderne leksikografiese beginsels toe te pas in die samestelling van woordeboeke soos die gebruikersgedrewe woordeboek en die korpusgebaseerde woordeboek. Hierdie model, alhoewel ontwerp vir Jipoenoe, sal uiteindelik dien as model vir die opstel van standaard beskrywende woordeboeke vir al die Gaboenese tale. Die studie verskaf inligting oor die inhoud en strukture van so 'n woordeboek en is soos volg gestruktureer: Hoofstuk 1 fokus op 'n inleiding tot en 'n kontekstualisering van die navorsing. Dit beskryf die taalkundige toestand in Gaboen met betrekking tot die status van Jipoenoe. Dit toon ook die belangrikheid en relevansie van die navorsing en gee die teoretiese basis, metodologie, hipoteses en doelstellings onderliggend aan die studie. Hoofstuk 2 kritiseer die leksikografiese werk in Jipoenoe met die doel om die gehalte van die Jipoenoewoordeboeke te verbeter en die behoeftes van die Jipoenoeleksikografie te ondersoek. Hoofstuk 3 beskou 'n aantal aspekte van die standaardisering van Jipoenoe. Dit is gemik op 'n bespreking op die vlak van taalontleding, naamlik die fonologie, die grammatika, die woordeboek en die ortografie van Jipoenoe. Hoofstuk 4 bespreek die gebruikersperspektief wat die woordeboeksamestelling rig. Dit fokus op die gebruikersprofiel, gebruikerstipologieë en woordeboekfunksies. Die beplande woordeboek het 'n multifunksionele karakter. Spesiale aandag word gegee aan 'n baanbrekende ondersoek na woordeboekgebruik onder Gaboenese studente en aan 'n bespreking van die onderrig van woordeboekgebruik in Gaboen. Hoofstuk 5 handel oor die woordeboekplan. Verskillende aspekte soos die stylgids, die werklike doel, die woordeboekbasis, dataversameling, die dataversamelingsbeleid, dataversamelingsmetodes en die korpus van die voorgestelde woordeboek word bespreek. Hoofstuk 6 wei uit oor die makrostruktuur van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Die woordeboek gee voorkeur aan 'n streng alfabetiese makrostruktuur. Makrostrukturele elemente, lemmatiseringstrategieë, en soorte lemmas en artikels vir insluiting in die beplande woordeboek word bespreek. Hoofstuk 7 fokus op die mikrostruktuur van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Die model stel 'n verpligte mikrostruktuur en 'n uitgebreide verpligte mikrostruktuur voor en bespreek die verskeidenheid data wat in die artikels van die voorgestelde woordeboek ingesluit behoort te word. Hoofstuk 8 handel oor die buiteteksgedeelte en die gidsstrukture van die voorgestelde woordeboek wat voor- en agtervoor- en agtertekste insluit. Politoeganklikheid, 'n stelsel van kruisverwysings, en lemmatiese en nielemmatiese adresserings is kenmerke van die voorgestelde woordeboek. Hoofstuk 9 maak 'n aantal slotopmerkings deur die fokuspunt van elke hoofstuk van die proefskrif te belig. Dit verskaf ook 'n aantal aanbevelings vir navorsing.
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Van, der Colff Adri. "Zur Konzeption eines einsprachigen deutschen Lernerworterbuchs : Vorschlage fur die lexikographische Textgestaltung aus benutzerorientierter Perspektive." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1367.
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Thesis (DLitt (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 1996.Objective: This study presents a conception for compiling a monolingual German learner's dictionary. It is a theoretical blueprint which formulates guidelines regarding the choice and treatment ofinformation types suited for inclusion in such a dictionary. The conception is ''user oriented". In other words, its main focus is on the target users: nonnative speakers ofGerman who have reached an intermediate level of proficiency in their active and passive usage ofthe language. The deciding factor when suggestions are made regarding the selection, arrangement and typographical appearance of all lexicographical information is its relevance for this target group. In order for it to be an aid to foreign language learners while reading, writing and translating texts, information is presented in a simple and an easily retrievable way. The conception also aspires to help learners overcome their communicative problems and needs as well as to improve their linguistic competence. However, the ultimate aim ofthis dissertation is not only to provide a theoretical blueprint for a German learner's dictionary, but to have some practical significance as well. It is hoped that these recommendations will go some way towards stimulating the presently underdeveloped German pedagogical lexicographical practice. Contents: The study is structured to include all the vital aspects that are ofsignificance for the compilation of a learner's dictionary. It begins with a discussion of a number of pedagogical-lexicographical issues, such as the role of a learner's dictionary as a means of improving communicative proficiency in language teaching. The focus then moves on to the main objective, namely concrete proposals for the dictionary blueprint. While these proposals are based on up-to-date metalexicographical and linguistic theoretical conclusions, the deciding factor is that they must be practically applicable. First, the draft dictionary is typologically characterised by means of a precise and detailed description of the target user profile and potential usage situation~. Secondly, a discussion of general criteria, mainly aimed at improving the quick and easy retrieval of linguistic information, follows. Then, the contents and form ofthose texts that are not within the central alphabetical wordlist, such as the user's guide and grammar, as well as the internal reference structure ofthe dictionary (mediostructure) are highlighted. Subsequently, the selection of information in the draft dictionary is examined. This includes both the choice oflemmas (macrostructural selection) and the collection of linguistic information types suited for inclusion (microstructural selection). Not only does the conception recommend a relatively small number oflemmas (15 000), exclusively retrieved from the most common and frequently used standardised High German, but the number of information types is also restricted. This results is a low information density which in tum allows for a low text density and a high degree of accessiblity. Although decisions regarding the presentation ofvarious lexicographical information categories are linguistically motivated, linguistic comprehensiveness must occasionally bow the knee before pragmatic considerations. These improve the reception and retrievablitiy of data and enhance the user's chances of a sound understanding. A favourable visual presentation, including a low information density and transparent typographical layout, are also emphasised throughout. Finally, suggestions for the organisation and presentation oflemmas on the one hand and individual information types within the dictionary article on the other are presented. Sample entries provide a clear demonstration of all suggestions. In conclusion, the wider aspects ofhow the dictionary conceptualised in this thesis can be adapted to compile specialist pedagogical dictionaries, such as a production dictionary and a bilingual learner's dictionary which incorporates mother-tongue elements, are presented.
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Jaime, Moya Joan Maria. "El lèxic d’origen germànic en el llatí medieval de Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386397.
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El nostre treball, que està inserit dins del projecte del Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (GMLC), compartit per la Universitat de Barcelona i el Consell Superior d'Investigacions Científiques, ha consistit a elaborar un estudi etimològic del lèxic d'origen germànic que apareix en el llatí medieval de Catalunya. Concretament, s'han estudiat els termes d'origen germànic (gòtic i fràncic) que van penetrar com a substrat en el llatí altmedieval de Catalunya, des de l'antiguitat tardana fins al tombant del segle XII.
Els termes germànics suara esmentats, que es troben inclosos en textos diplomàtics, han estat identificats i extrets del corpus documental del GMLC i, després, han estat fixats i distribuïts per lemes, als quals se'ls ha assignat un significat. Al seu torn, els lemes han estat agrupats per famílies lèxiques, en articles encapçalats, per raons metodològiques, per una arrel comuna protogermànica.
Els articles que constitueixen el nostre treball presenten l'estructura següent: en primer lloc, s'ofereixen els testimonis documentals (l'exemple més antic de cada forma i variant) de cada lema, tot adjudicant-li un significat; en segon lloc, es consignen les formes romàniques més properes, amb les quals es troben emparentats el lema o lemes llatins estudiats; en tercer lloc, es fa l'estudi etimològic del lema o lemes en qüestió, analitzant fonamentalment els canvis fonètics i morfològics que els ètims germànics patiren per convertir-se en les formes que trobem documentades (llatines o ja directament romàniques); així mateix, es fa una referència succinta a l'ètim germànic en el seu context protogermànic i, al seu torn, a l'ètim protogermànic en el seu context indoeuropeu. Finalment, es recullen, d'una banda, les referències bibliogràfiques generals i, d'una altra banda, les referències bibliogràfiques concretes, corresponents a les notes alfabètiques.
Així mateix, l'estudi lingüístic d'aquest lèxic d'origen germànic, que, a més a més, mostra sovint la primera aparició dels mots del romanç preliterari ja parlat en el territori de la Catalunya actual, també ens permet conèixer i comprendre les característiques socials i culturals de l'època.Our work forming part of the Project Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (GMLC), shared by the University of Barcelona and the Higher Council for Scientific Research, consists in carrying out an etymological study on the lexicon of Germanic origin that appears in Medieval Latin of Catalonia. In particular, we have studied the terms of Germanic origin (Gothic and Franconian) that penetrated as a substrate into the early Medieval Latin of Catalonia from Late Antiquity till the end of the twelfth century. The above mentioned German terms which are included in diplomatic texts have been identified and extracted from the documentary corpus of GMLC, then fixed and distributed into lemmata, each of which has been assigned a meaning. In turn, the lemmata have been grouped in lexical families and in articles headed due to methodological reasons by a common Proto-Germanic root. The articles presented in our work have the following structure: first, we offer the documentary evidence (the oldest example of every form and variety) of each lemma, while attributing it a specific meaning; second, we indicate the closest Romanic forms related with the studied Latin lemma or lemmata; third, we carry out an etymological study of the respective lemma or lemmata analysing primarily phonetic and morphological changes suffered by Germanic etymons before becoming the forms encountered in the documentation (Latin or directly Romanic); moreover, we make a brief reference to the Germanic Etymon in Proto-Germanic context and, in turn, to the Proto-Germanic Etymon in Indo-European context; finally, we include, on one hand, general bibliographical references and, on the other hand, precise bibliographical references in regard to the alphabetical notes. Likewise, the linguistic study on the lexicon of Germanic origin in addition to revealing the first appearance of some words of the preliterate Romance, which was already spoken throughout the current territory of Catalonia, also enables us to learn and understand social and cultural characteristics of that period.
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Ella, Edgard Maillard. "A theoretical model for a Fang-French-English Specialized multi-volume school dictionary." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/423.
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Nthambeleni, Mashudu. "A critical analysis of the role of translation in lexicography with reference to English-Tshivenda bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1765.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) --University of Limpopo, 2016.Lack of properly translated Tshivenḓa-English dictionaries is a great challenge to dictionary users. In an attempt to address this challenge or problem, linguistic approach has been employed in this study, which was conducted in Vhembe District in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study critically analyses the role of translation in lexicography with special reference to selected Tshivenḓa-/English bilingual dictionaries. The selected dictionaries are: Tshikota’s (2006) Tshivenḓa/English Ṱhalusamaipfi Dictionary and Van Warmelo’s (1989) Venḓa Dictionary. The aim of this study was to examine the role of translation in lexicography with special reference to Tshivenḓa-English dictionaries. This study utilised a qualitative technique to collect the data and interviews were conducted with lexicographers, university lecturers, language practitioners, Tshivenḓa grade 12 educators and court interpreters. Data were analysed based on different answers from different questions posed to different respondents. The study showed that people who compile dictionaries and do translation, do not have proper background in translation. In addition, some of the people are not fluent in both the source and the target languages. It is recommended that in order to produce user-friendly dictionaries, compilers and translators should get a proper training in translation. In addition, translators should be fluent in both the source and target languages. Finally, school books (including prescribed and content books), should be translated in order to provide effective teaching and learning.
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Soami, Leandre Serge. "Towards the development and application of representative lexicographic corpora for the Gabonese languages." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4217.
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Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The compilation of dictionaries is a laborious activity and it takes time, money and staff to achieve the objectives of any dictionary project. Many dictionaries have been compiled using the lexicographers’ personal intuition and guessing rather than being corpus based. That resulted in some dictionaries often being criticised by users because of the lack of representation of some important lexical items. This can probably be explained by the fact that most of these dictionaries were compiled in an era when theoretical lexicography was lacking or not well established. The last decades have witnessed the emergence of metalexicography as a theory directed also at dictionary planning in order to enhance the quality of lexicographic practice and the way in which the management and the compilation of dictionaries are dealt with. The planning of dictionaries takes into account not only the gathering of language material to be used but also the way in which this material will be treated and presented on both the macrostructural and the microstructural level as well as in the front matter texts and the back matter texts. In order to enhance the quality of the presentation in dictionaries, this dissertation pleads in favour of the formulation of a data collection policy that takes into consideration all the different sources of material, written and spoken, used in the different phases of the compilation of a dictionary. The three phases that form the main focus of this study are the material acquisition phase, the material preparation phase and the material processing phase. The involvement of the speech community in the compilation of a lexicographic corpus ensures the collection of representative and balanced data, and the different needs of that community are central to the dictionary project. The different language materials can be organised into different corpus types. The efficiency of a corpus resides in its capacity to provide different data types that can be included in the comment on semantics and the comment on form of each article in the central list of each dictionary. Some dictionaries lack a good representation of data in both these comments in the different articles. However, languages such as the Gabonese languages are in a privileged situation because they can still avoid the mistakes of other dictionary compilers by investing in corpus-based dictionaries at this early stage. Therefore, the establishment of lexicographic units with multifunctional tasks can play an important role. In a multilingual environment such as Gabon the issue of language status needs to be dealt with carefully because it is realistic to choose a certain number of languages to function as official languages. Different alphabets are presented in this study and realistic choices are made. The way in which the language material is organised will impact on the quality of the macrostructure and microstructure; this is essential because dictionaries are consulted most of the time for the spelling of a given lexical item, for a translation equivalent or for the explanation of the meaning of a lemma sign. The computerisation of a corpus is a focal point and needs to be done in a satisfactory manner that presents a clean and helpful corpus in order to provide the lexicographer with useful statistics, frequency word lists and the different concordance lines that are very important for the wording of definitions and the extraction of example sentences. This is why a corpus is seen as an indispensable tool in the improvement of the macro- and the microstructure of any type of dictionary.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die saamstel van woordeboeke is ’n moeisame aktiwiteit, en dit verg tyd, geld en personeel om die doelstellings van ’n woordeboekprojek te bereik. Talle woordeboeke is op grond van die navorsers se persoonlike intuïsie en raaiwerk saamgestel, in stede daarvan dat dit korpusgebaseerd is. Die gevolg is dat baie woordeboeke dikwels deur gebruikers gekritiseer word weens die gebrek aan verteenwoordiging van enkele belangrike leksikale items. Dít kan moontlik verklaar word deur die feit dat die meeste van hierdie woordeboeke saamgestel is in ’n era waartydens teoretiese leksikografie gebrekkig en nie goed gevestig was nie. In die afgelope dekades het metaleksikografie na vore getree as a teorie wat op woordeboekbeplanning gerig is ten einde die gehalte van die leksikografie-praktyk en die manier waarop die bestuur en samestelling van woordeboeke hanteer word, te verbeter. By die beplanning van woordeboeke word nie net die versameling taalmateriaal wat gebruik kan word in berekening gebring nie, maar ook die manier waarop hierdie materiaal op sowel makro- as mikrostrukturele vlakke, asook in die voorwerk en die agterwerk, hanteer en aangebied gaan word. Ten einde die gehalte van die aanbieding in woordeboeke te verbeter, lewer hierdie proefskrif ’n pleidooi vir die formulering van ’n dataversamelingsbeleid wat al die verskillende materiaalbronne, hetsy skriftelik of mondelings, wat in die verskillende stadia van die samestelling van ’n woordeboek gebruik word, in ag neem. Die drie stadia wat die hooffokus van hierdie studie is, is die stadia waarin die materiaal aangeskaf, voorberei en verwerk word. Die spraakgemeenskap se betrokkenheid by die saamstel van ’n leksikografiese korpus verseker die versameling van verteenwoordigende en gebalanseerde data, en die verskillende behoeftes van sodanige gemeenskap is die kern van die woordeboekprojek. Die verskillende taalmateriale kan in verskillende korpussoorte georden word. Die doeltreffendheid van ’n korpus berus op die vermoë daarvan om verskillende datasoorte te verskaf wat in die kommentaar op semantiek en die kommentaar op vorm van elke item in die sentrale lys van elke woordeboek ingesluit kan word. Sommige woordeboeke toon ’n gebrek aan goeie verteenwoordiging van data in albei hierdie soorte kommentaar in die verskillende items. Tale soos die Gaboenese tale is egter in ’n bevoorregte posisie, aangesien hulle nog die foute van ander woordeboeksamestellers kan vermy deur op hierdie vroeë stadium in korpusgebaseerde woordeboeke te belê. Die stigting van leksikografiese eenhede met multifunksionele take kan dus ’n belangrike rol speel. In ’n veeltalige omgewing soos Gaboen moet die kwessie van taalstatus versigtig hanteer word, aangesien dit realisties is om ’n sekere hoeveelheid tale as amptelike tale te kies. Verskillende alfabette word in hierdie studie aangebied en realistiese keuses word gemaak. Die manier waarop die taalmateriaal georden is, sal ’n uitwerking op die makro- en mikrostruktuur hê; dit is van belang omdat woordeboeke meestal vir die spelling van ’n gegewe leksikale item, vir ’n vertaalekwivalent of vir die verklaring van die betekenis van ’n lemmateken geraadpleeg word. Die rekenarisering van ’n korpus is ’n belangrike aspek en moet op ’n bevredigende wyse uitgevoer word wat ’n skoon en nuttige korpus lewer ten einde die leksikograaf van goeie statistieke, frekwensiewoordlyste en die verskillende konkordansielyne te voorsien, wat baie belangrik is vir die skryf van definisies en die onttrekking van voorbeeldsinne. Om hierdie rede word ’n korpus as ’n onmisbare instrument in die verbetering van die makro- en mikrostruktuur van enige soort woordeboek beskou.
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Mphahlele, Motlokwe Clifford. "A model to achieve communicative equivalence in translation dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52088.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries often do not satisfy the requirements of the dictionary users because they contain a relatively small percentage of articles displaying absolute equivalence between the source and the target language. This impedes the users from retrieving the required information. Communicative equivalence is a relation holding between source and target language entries in translation dictionaries. A translation equivalent should not be seen as a statement about the meaning of the lemma, but it should be regarded as an item that represents the target language and can be used to translate a specific occurrence of the source language item. If semantic and communicative equivalence do not hold between the source and the target language dictionary users will not be able to use the target language successfully. Instead of achieving communicative equivalence, the dictionary user is confused and ends up using language in an unacceptable way. Relying on translation dictionaries to improve their language skills and to learn more about the target language, dictionary users often come across haphazardly arranged articles in dictionaries that do not lead to communicative equivalence. In this case, the dictionary users are confused and end up using language in an unacceptable way. This thesis explores and investigates different ways to achieve communicative equivalence in translation dictionaries. The research formulates some of the needed guidelines for the lexicographers of translation dictionaries. It intends to assist lexicographers to compile useroriented translation dictionaries that can foster multilingualism amongst the dictionary users. As a result of this research, lexicographers will be able to compile translation dictionaries that will assist dictionary users to achieve communicative success. These dictionaries will establish semantic and communicative resemblance between the source and the target language forms. As a lexicographic problem, communicative equivalence is being addressed in the thesis and the researcher aims to make lexicographers aware of the mistakes in translation dictionaries. The objective of the thesis is to help lexicographers with the compilation of dictionaries where the users can achieve an optimal retrieval of information. The research focuses on metalexicographic issues in order to enhance the quality of practical lexicography. By doing so both the practical and theoretical lexicography can benefit from this research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke voldoen dikwels nie aan die behoeftes van hulle gebruikers nie omdat hulle Onbeperkte aantal artikels bevat met absolute ekwivalensie tussen bron- en doeltaal. Dit weerhou die gebruikers daarvan om die verlangde inligting te onttrek. Kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie is onverhouding tussen die bron- en doeltaalinskrywings in vertalende woordeboeke. OnVertaalekwivalent moet nie beskou word as Onuitspraak oor die betekenis van die lemma nie maar dit moet gesien word as Onitem wat die doeltaal verteenwoordig en wat gebruik kan word om onbepaalde optrede van die brontaalvorm te vertaal. As semantiese en kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie nie tussen bron- en doeltaal bestaan nie sal woordeboekgebruikers nie daartoe in staat wees om die doeltaal suksesvol te gebruik nie. In stede daarvan om kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie te behaal, is die gebruiker verward en gebruik hy taal op Ononaanvaarbare manier. Wanneer woordeboekgebruikers op vertalende woordeboeke staatmaak om hulle taalgebruik te verbeter en meer oor die doeltaal te leer, vind hulle dikwels arbitrêr geordende artikels in woordeboeke wat nie tot kommunikatiewe ekwivalendie lei nie. Dit verwar gebruikers en lei tot foutiewe taalgebruik. Hierdie tesis ondersoek verskillende maniere waarop kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie in vertalende woordeboeke bereik kan word. Die navorsing lei tot die formulering van sommige riglyne wat nodig is vir die opstellers van vertalende woordeboeke. Dit poog om leksikograwe te help om gebruikersgerigte woordeboeke saam te stel wat veeltaligheid tussen die gebruikers kan bevorder. As gevolg van hierdie navorsing sal leksikograwe daartoe in staat wees om vertalende woordeboeke saam te stel wat gebruikers kan help om kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie te bereik. Hierdie woordeboeke salon semantiese en kommunikatiewe ooreenkoms tussen bron- en doeltaalvorme vestig. In hierdie tesis word kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie as Onleksikografiese probleem behandel en die navorser poog om leksikograwe bewus te maak van foute in vertalende woordeboeke. Die mikpunt van hierdie tesis is om leksikograwe te help met die samestelling van woordeboeke waar gebruikers onoptimale inligtingsherwinning kan behaal. Die navorsing fokus op metaleksikografiese aangeleenthede ter wille van Onverhoging in die gehalte van die praktiese leksikografie. Sodoende kan sowel die teoretiese as die praktiese leksikografie by hierdie navorsing baat vind.
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Mabika, Mbokou Ludwine. "A model for the macro- and microstructure of a Yipunu-French school dictionary." Thesis, Link to the onlkine version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1416.
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Van, Der Colff Adri. "Zur Konzeption eines deutschen Lernworterbuchs fur fremdsprachige Rezipienten." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1539.
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Thesis (MA (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch,This study presents conceptions for a German learner's dictionary ("Lemworterbuch"), aimed at the needs of the foreign language learner as recipient. The requirements set and proposals made for such a dictionary are aimed at improving the linguistic competence of the learner when he/she uses the language as recipient, in other words when he/she reads a German text or hears the spoken language (e.g. in conversation, on the radio, television, film etc.). III The target users are persons whose mother tongue is not German, but whose mastery of the language is at a fairly advanced level. Such users, who have mastered the basic grammatical rules of the German language and already have a good basic vocabulary, will nevertheless experience difficulties in using existing German explanatory dictionaries such as DUDEN and WAHRIG. These dictionaries present information in such a complicated way that it remains inaccessible to the average foreign language speaker. The propositions made in this thesis are directed at creating a dictionary that could overcome the existing gap between the bilingual translating dictionary with German as target language and the monolingual explanatory German dictionary. This study proceeds on the assumption that it is impossible to compile a dictionary without the consistent application of theoretically expounded principles (regarding linguistics, typography etc.). The subtlest detail regarding typographical layout is also emphasized, since the presentation of information determines how easily information can be retrieved from the dictionary. Proposals are made for a user friendly arrangement of material, which will enable the user to retrieve desired information easily and immediately. Two language aspects that are of the utmost importance to the recipient, flexion and definition, are examined. The way in which these two aspects are currently dealt with in monolingual dictionaries is investigated. From this investigation it is evident that flexion and defmition are inadequately dealt with for the specific needs of the foreign language learner. Suggestions are made to improve weaknesses and inconsistencies in order to make the dictionary more suitable for the language learner. Finally, the principles required by a German learner's dictionary for recipients are demonstrated by means of various entries. This serves as an example of how the dictionary could finally look. ;The entries are presented in both the printed and the electronic medium. The potential of both these media is utilized to show how the presentation of information can improve the user friendliness and accessibility of the dictionary.
Books on the topic "Language and languages – Etymology – Lexicography"
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Considine, John. Current projects in historical lexicography. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.
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Atabaĭ, Bătīsh. L.Z. Budagov zhăne qazaq tīlī. Almaty: Qazaq universitetī, 2001.
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Horne, Alex. Wordwatching: Breaking into the dictionary : it's his word against theirs. London: Virgin Books, 2010.
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Errandonea, Juan. Analogías vascas en el vocabulario sumero-semítico: Atzapar y los nombres sumero-semíticos de "uña, garra". San Sebastián: Editorial Txertoa, 1987.
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Argoud, Line. Corps, conceptualisation, émergence du sens: Étude lexico-cognitive de trois segments consonantiques en anglais. Saint-Étienne: Publications de l'Université de Saint-Étienne, 2012.
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Hitchings, Henry. The secret life of words: How English became English. New York: Picador, 2009.
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Dawson, David. Flesh becomes word: A lexicography of the scapegoat or, the history of an idea. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2013.
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Phōtiadēs, Athanasios. Lexiko gia episkeue!: To etymologiko tou N.P. Andriōtē : meletē gia tē glōssa mas. Athēna: A. Vournas, 1989.
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Filipović, Rudolf. "Historical-Primary Etymology vs. Secondary Etymology of Anglicisms in European Languages." In History and Perspectives of Language Study, 205. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.186.18fil.
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Nemo, Francois, and Antonia Cristinoi. "Redefining priorities, methods and standards in endangered-language lexicography." In Endangered Languages and Languages in Danger, 361–86. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.42.16nem.
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Militarev, Alexander. "Addenda and conclusion of an etymology-based 100item wordlist for Semitic languages." In Journal of Language Relationship, edited by Vladimir Dybo, Kirill Babaev, Anna Dybo, Alexei Kassian, Sergei Kullanda, and Ilya Yakubovich, 91–138. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463236779-009.
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Adams, Michael. "The Lexical Object." In The Whole World in a Book, 34–53. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913199.003.0003.
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Adams discusses the formulation of Richardson’s New Dictionary of the English Language, focusing especially on Richardson’s influences as he defined his methods and the organizing principles he applied to the construction of the dictionary. Following Horne Tooke, Richardson’s method viewed etymology as unifying different words with distinct meanings and grammatical functions. As such, he lumped derivationally-related words in single entries and eschewed historical principles favoured by other prominent lexicographers. This entry-level practice, Adams argues, had a number of drawbacks, despite Richardson’s supposedly scientific arrangement of English words and the underlying semantic principle his method was meant to support. Though Richardson’s methods were largely ignored by subsequent lexicographers, Adams argues, without Richardson’s intervention in the history of lexicography, there would have been no OED. With its primary focus on Richardson and consideration of other significant contributions to continental lexicography, Adams’ chapter engages the argument about what dictionaries should do—whether they’re about words or meanings or usage or culture, and if in some combination, in what proportion. He claims that although this is principally a nineteenth-century argument, it persists as a conceptual and practical problem for lexicography to the present day.
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Hacken, Pius Ten, and Renáta Panocová. "Word Formation, Borrowing and their Interaction." In The Interaction of Borrowing and Word Formation, 3–14. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448208.003.0001.
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Word formation and borrowing can both be used to create neologisms. Their interaction is a topic that has not been widely discussed, because they have generally been assigned to different domains of linguistics. The study of word formation is usually considered part of the domain of morphology, whereas the study of borrowing has been undertaken partly in lexicography and etymology, partly in sociolinguistics and language policy. Word formation and borrowing are both responses to naming needs. As such they can be in competition. The competition is quite unequal, however, because the two processes operate very differently. Whereas a borrowing is based on an individual expression (typically a word) from another language, word formation is based on the application of rules to existing lexical material. When we consider the origin of a particular word, it is not always straightforward to determine whether the word is the result of borrowing or word formation. In some cases, the two processes may in fact both be involved and the relative contribution of each may vary among speakers.
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Saurí Colomer, R. "Spain: Lexicography in Iberian Languages." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 603–7. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/04487-4.
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Mosel, Ulrike. "Lexicography in endangered language communities." In The Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages, 337–53. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511975981.017.
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Kristoffersen, Jette H., and Thomas Troelsgård. "The electronic lexicographical treatment of sign languages: The Danish Sign Language Dictionary." In Electronic Lexicography, 293–314. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654864.003.0014.
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Creamer, Thomas B. I. "LEXICOGRAPHY AND THE HISTORY OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE." In History, languages, and lexicographers, edited by Ladislav Zgusta. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111341071-004.
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"Language contact and contact induced change in the light of the (digital) lexicography of Greek loanwords in the non-Indo-European languages of the Greco-Roman worlds (Coptic, Hebrew/Aramaic, Syriac)." In Studies in Greek Lexicography, 21–40. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110622744-003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Language and languages – Etymology – Lexicography"
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Mojela, Dr VM. "Critical analysis of the role played by PanSALB in the Lexicography development of the South African official languages." In Annual International Conference on Language, Literature & Linguistics. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l31258.
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Islamov, R. S. "THE EXPERIENCE OF TEACHING ENGLISH SPECIAL LEXIS FOR THE MULTILINGUAL GROUPS OF CHEMICAL DEPARTMENTS (BASED ON THE ONOMASTICS OF D.I. MENDELEYEV'S PERIODIC TABLE)." In THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF LINGUISTIC EDUCATION. KuzSTU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26730/lingvo.2020.130-138.
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The paper observes the matter of proper names of chemical elements of the periodic table by D.I. Mendeleev, the history of their origin, and transformation while the morphemic and semantic loaning from Greek and Latin languages. Moreover, the name for this lexis is proposed as stoichonyms. The topic under discussion is actual for chemistry students in classes of English. The paper provides an example of multilingual group of the speakers of Russian, Tajik, and Kyrgyz languages. The special interest is the comparative lexemic analysis of the names of chemical elements in these three languages. By means of it, one can conclude on the students' perception of the scientific lexis in the light of its etymology, on the one hand. On the other hand, one can make an approach to teaching the special lexis not only by language teacher but chemistry as well.
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Манцаева, Айна Новрдиевна, and Тамила Юсуповна Байсалова. "ENGLISH VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT BY BORROWINGS." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp296.2021.38.79.002.
Full textAbstract:
Цель данного исследования - проследить за пополнением лексики английского языка с помощью заимствований. В настоящее время нет ни одного языка, словарный запас которого состоял бы из его собственных слов. Если он есть, значит, это не развитый язык. По этой причине и языки приближены друг с другом. Это и приводит к заимствованию слов друг у друга. Впоследствии они были ассимилированы с исконно английскими словами, выглядевшими как чистые английские слова, утратившие свое происхождение или этимологию. The purpose of this study is to track the expansion of the English vocabulary by means of borrowings. Currently, there is no language whose vocabulary consists of his own words. If it is, then it is not a developed language. For this reason, languages are close to each other. This leads to borrowing words from each other. Subsequently, they were assimilated with native English words, which looked like pure English words that had lost their origin or etymology.