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Umeda, Mari. "Second language acquisition of Japanese wh-constructions." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112128.
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Note:<br>This dissertation investigates the second language (L2) acquisition of Japanese wh-constructions by Chinese- and English-speaking learners. The focus of this study is twofold; first, it examines whether parameter resetting is possible in L2 acquisition, as both Chinese and English wh-constructions are parametrically different from Japanese wh-constructions. Second, it examines whether parameter resetting is affected by the learners' first language (Ll). Not only do Chinese and English wh-constructions differ from Japanese wh-constructions, but they also differ from each other. Chinese is, like Japanese, a wh-in-situ language, while English is a wh-movement language. Chinese wh-constructions, therefore, can be said to be more similar to Japanese wh-constructions than English wh-constructions. It is investigated whether the similarity between Chinese and Japanese and dissimilarity between English and Japanese affect the course and/or the ultimate attainment in the acquisition ofwh-constructions in Japanese.[...]<br>Cette dissertation enquete sur l’acquisition des constructions wh du japonais appris comme langue seconde (L2) par les anglophones et les sinophones. Le point de mire de cette etude est double. Dans un premier temps, elle cherche a savoir si le changement parametrique est possible en acquisition L2, puisque les constructions wh de l’anglais et du chinois sont parametriquement opposees a celles du japonais. Deuxiemement, elle cherche a savoir si le changement parametrique est affecte par 1a langue matemelle de l’apprenant. Non seulement les constructions wh de l’anglais et du chinois sont differentes de celles du japonais, elles different egalement l’une de l’autre. Le chinois, comme le japonais, est une langue wh-in-situ, alors que l’anglais est une langue a movement wh. Les constructions wh du chinois peuvent done etre decrites comme etant plus semblables a celles du japonais qu’a celles de l’anglais. Ce travail cherche a sa voir si la similarite entre le chino is et le japonais et la dissimilarite entre l’anglais et le japonais ont un effet sur le processus et/ou le resultat final de 1’acquisition de ces constructions en japonais.[...]
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Randall, Janet H. "Morphological structure and language acquisition." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12237695.html.
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Guo, Ling-Yu Tomblin J. Bruce Owen Amanda J. "Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370.
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Kilpatrick, Cynthia D. "The acquisition of ungrammaticality learning a subset in L2 phonotactics /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369165.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-225).
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Prévost, Philippe 1966. "Truncation in second language acquisition." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34766.
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In this thesis, I argue that early child second language (L2) grammars allow truncation, on a par with proposals by Rizzi (1993/1994) and Haegeman (1995) for first language (L1) acquisition. This account (the Truncation Hypothesis) holds that Rizzi's (1994) Root Principle, according to which root declaratives are CPs, is initially underspecified in L2 systems (for processing reasons). This means that the root of main declaratives will not systematically be CP. Instead, different types of roots should be projected, such as CP, IP or VP, with VP underlying root infinitives. If one further assumes that functional categories are present in early grammars, the possibility of truncation can thus account for optionality of verb-movement and finiteness in early SLA, and more generally for why such categories seem to be optionally projected initially (Vainikka & Young-Scholten, 1994; 1996; Eubank, 1992; 1993/1994; 1996).<br>Predictions based on the Truncation Hypothesis were tested against longitudinal spontaneous production data from child and adult L2 learners. There were two child and two adult learners of L2 French (whose L1s were English and Arabic) and two child two adult learners of L2 German (native speakers of Romance pro-drop languages). The findings suggest that the distribution of finite and nonfinite verbs is structurally determined in L2 child grammar, i.e. tenseless verbs only appear when VP is the root, while finite verbs are found when functional categories are projected. This in turn means that children project truncated structures in early L2 acquisition. I argue that no other theory of the nature of early L2 grammars is able to account for the full range of properties of the child L2 data.<br>The adult data are less conclusive concerning the possibility of truncation in adult L2 grammars. In particular, the learners seem to use infinitival markers as substitutes for finite inflections, which means that nonfinite verbs are found in contexts which are not predicted by the Truncation Hypothesis. The difference between the child and adult learners is attributed to problems that adults may have in mapping the syntactic and morphological systems (Lardiere, 1996), and not to a discrepancy in syntactic knowledge.
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Grüter, Therese. "Object clitics and null objects in the acquisition of French." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102802.
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This dissertation investigates (direct) object clitics and object omission in the acquisition of French as a first language. It reports on two original empirical studies which were designed to address aspects of object omission in child French that have remained unexplored in previous research. Study 1 investigates the incidence of object omission in the spontaneous speech of French-speaking children aged three and above, an age group for which no analysis, and only little data, have been available so far. Findings show that object omission continues to occur at non-negligible rates in this group. A comparison with age- and language-matched groups of English- and Chinese-speaking children (from Wang, Lillo-Martin; Best & Levitt 1992) suggests that French-speaking children omit objects at higher rates than their English-speaking peers, yet at lower rates than children acquiring a true null object language, such as Chinese. Study 2 was designed to investigate whether French-speaking children would accept null objects on a receptive task, an issue that has not been previously investigated. A series of truth value judgment experiments is developed, adapting an experimental paradigm that has not been used previously in the context of null objects. Results from English- and French-speaking children show that both groups consistently reject null objects on these tasks, a finding that constitutes counterevidence to proposals which attribute object omission in production to a genuine null object representation sanctioned by the child grammar. Overall, the pattern of results turns out not to be consistent with any developmental proposals made in the literature, suggesting that a novel approach is required. Proposing a minimalist adaptation of Sportiche's (1996) analysis of clitic constructions, and taking into consideration the recent emphasis on 'interface' requirements imposed by language-external systems, I put forward a hypothesis for future research, the Decayed Features Hypothesis (DFH), which locates the source of object (clitic) omission in child French in a specific language-external domain, namely the capacity of working memory.
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McPherson, Leslie M. (Leslie Margaret). "Identifying verbs early in language learning : the roles of action and argument structure." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39964.
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This dissertation describes and evaluates a thesis about the means of identifying verbs early in learning a language, and a first language in particular. The thesis is presented briefly in the first section. The second section provides a critical review of theories about children's early part-of-speech identifications. Section 3 presents a new theory of verb identification. I argue that learners initially identify members of a category, predicator, that subsumes verbs and adjectives. Predicators have argument structures. Learners identify a predicator through an inference that the word must take noun-phrase arguments because the phrase containing the word is interpreted into a nonseparable phenomenon--a property or relation that exists or occurs only by virtue of one or more individuals (i.e., the bearers of the property, or the participants in the relation), the referent(s) of the argument(s). Actions are prototypical of that which is nonseparable (being dependent for their realisation upon one or more participants), and so words for actions will usually be identified as predicators. This tendency will be augmented when an unfamiliar predicator appears in an utterance with its one or more noun-phrase arguments, and the noun phrases are interpretable (by the learner) into the one or more individuals that are the participants in an ongoing action (or other nonseparable phenomenon); under these conditions, the learner should readily divine that the novel word is a predicator and the noun phrases are its arguments. These conjectures form the nonseparability hypothesis. To identify verbs in particular, a learner must first discover a distinction between verbs and adjectives, where it exists in a language, through distributional analyses within phrases. Subsequently, details of syntax and morphology will reveal to the learner a predicator's subcategory (verb or adjective). Section 4 contains reviews of literatures that provide support, in varying degree, for the theor
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Sethuraman, Nitya. "The acquisition of verbs and argument structure constructions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3049671.
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Sharpe, Dean. "The acquisition of natural language negation : a logical resources approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44581.pdf.
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Cheng, Mei-yee Mickey. "The influence of L1 on the acquisition of English passives among Hong Kong secondary school students." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40735217.
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Murphy, Victoria A. "Universal grammar and second language acquisition : the effect of modality of presentation on a grammaticality judgment task." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69623.
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Typical experiments investigating the accessibility and/or role of principles of Universal Grammar (UG) in adult second language acquisition (SLA) use a written grammaticality judgment (GJ) task to infer knowledge of principles of UG. The present investigation examined whether subjects would judge sentences differently in the aural modality than the visual. It was hypothesized that subjects in the aural condition would be less accurate and slower at judging sentences violating the subjacency principle than subjects in the visual condition. Four language groups were tested: ESL (English second-language) FSL (French second-language), L1.E (English first language) and L1.F (French first language). Subjects were assigned to either an aural or a visual condition; the same sentences were presented via computer. The target sentences presented to the subjects were declarative sentences involving embedded questions, as well as ungrammatical wh-questions which violated subjacency. The presentation times for all sentences were matched across conditions. Accuracy and reaction time to grammaticality judgment were measured. The hypothesis that subjects would be slower and less accurate in the aural condition than the visual one was supported. Furthermore, subjects were less accurate and slower to judge violations of subjacency than other sentences, in both modalities. The detrimental effects of the auditory task on judgments was most pronounced for the L2 learners. These results are discussed in the context of the informativeness and validity of outcomes derived from GJ tasks, and the ways in which they are presented.
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Brown, Cynthia A. 1967. "Acquisition of segmental structure : consequences for speech perception and second language acquisition." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34704.
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Through an investigation of the acquisition of feature geometric representations in first and second language acquisition, this dissertation demonstrates how the Feature Geometry theory contained in Universal Grammar actively guides and constrains the acquisition of segmental representations by children. In addition, it demonstrates how the mature feature geometry in a speaker's mental grammar restricts the range of nonnative phonemic contrasts that he or she will be sensitive to in the input and, hence, able to acquire as an L2 learner.<br>Three related areas of research are explored and integrated in this work: first, a theoretical study explores the feature-geometric representation of sonorant and non-sonorant laterals, based on their behavior in a variety of phonological processes cross-linguistically, and suggests that [lateral] is not a phonological feature, but rather that laterality is a phonetic property that derives from a specific feature-geometric representation; second, an experimental study investigates the acquisition of phonemic contrasts by English children and demonstrates that segmental representations are acquired in a uniform order that is consistent with properties of Feature Geometry; finally, a series of experimental studies examines the perception and acquisition of the English /l-r/, /b-v/, /p-f/, /f-v/ and /s-theta/ contrasts by native speakers of Japanese, Mandarin Chinese and Korean.<br>The findings from each of these studies are synthesized to obtain a comprehensive picture of how segmental representations are acquired and how this L1 knowledge impinges on the acquisition of L2 phonemes: it is argued that the monotonic acquisition of feature-geometric structure by young children restricts their sensitivity to particular non-native contrasts, and the continued operation of this existing feature geometry in adult speech perception constrains which non-native contrasts adult learners will be sensitive to in the L2 input and, therefore, capable of acquiring; the circumstances in which the native grammar facilitates perception of non-native contrasts and in which acquisition is possible are also discussed.
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Ming, Tao. "The acquisition of temporal marking a bidirectional study /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619405921&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Escudero, Neyra Paola Rocío. "Linguistic perception and second language acquisition explaining the attainment of optimal phonological categorization = Linguïstische Perceptie en Tweedetaalverwerving, of hoe men leert optimaal fonologisch te categoriseren /." Utrecht : LOT, 2005. http://www.lotpublications.nl/publish/issues/Escudero/index.html.
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Zhang, Jun. "Scope interaction between universal quantifiers and sentential negation in non-native English : the roles of UG and L1 grammar in L2 acquisition." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1521.
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Peterson, Barbara Jean Bivins. "How grammar instruction can benefit students in the second language classroom." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2640.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that grammar has played in second language teaching methods throughout history and to question whether explicit grammar study has a place in the second language classroom today.
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Judson, Carrie Ann. "Accuracy of Automated Developmental Sentence Scoring Software." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1448.pdf.
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Slabakova, Roumyana. "Zero acquisition : second language acquisition of the parameter of aspect." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44589.pdf.
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Montrul, Silvina A. "Transitivity alternations in second language acquisition : a crosslinguistic study of English, Spanish and Turkish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44520.pdf.
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Mayer, Kaylea. "The facilitative effects of the acquisition of one linguistic structure on a second pedagogical implications of the competition model /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436714825/viewonline.
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Kanda, Kosuke. "Effects of the First Language on Japanese ESL Learners' Answers to Negative Questions." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1704.
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This study investigates how Japanese learners of English respond to English negative questions. Previous research has reported that Japanese learners of English make errors in yes/no responses to English negative questions due to the first language (L1) influence (Kang & Lim-chang, 1998; Takashima, 1989). From the perspective of L1 influence, there are two learning pitfalls: different functions of the yes/no response and different interpretations of negative questions. Both of these influences were examined in this study.
This study involved 8 Japanese learners of English, 4 females and 4 males, attending Portland State University (PSU). In order to elicit data that reflect the effect of Japanese English Language Teaching (ELT), the subjects were chosen so that at the time of data elicitation, they had less than 6 months of experience in an English-speaking environment. In addition, all the participants had English instruction in Japan at least through high school.
In order to see how the L1 influenced their yes/no answers to negative questions, I used two data elicitation methods: an oral interview with a native speaker and a retrospective protocol analysis of the interview. The results indicated the following: First, the participants appeared to respond to English negative questions fairly consistently with the English norm. Deviation was observed only when a negative question had a negative expected answer. Particularly, the stronger the expectation for a negative answer was, the more likely it was that the negative question elicited an incorrect yes/no response. Secondly, the participants interpreted the polarity of the expected answer based on the Japanese norm. With the help of context, they usually interpreted the stimulus sentence correctly. However, when an expected answer was ambiguous for any reason, the participants interpreted the stimulus sentence as having a negative expected answer, which is the default interpretation for Japanese negative questions.
This study shows that the influence of the L1 on answers to negative questions requires complex analysis. That is, superficially the participants appeared to answer questions correctly, but a deeper analysis revealed that they still relied on an L1 interpretation norm.
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French, Margot Anne. "Markedness and the acquisition of pied-piping and preposition stranding." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63335.
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Schell, Karyn. "Functional categories and the acquisition of aspect in L2 Spanish : a longitudinal study /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8407.
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Steele, Jeffrey 1972. "Representation and phonological licensing in the L2 acquisition of prosodic structure." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38520.
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It is widely recognized that differences in both prosodic complexity and position-sensitive contrasts exist both within and across languages. In contemporary phonological theory, these differences are often attributed to differences between heads and non-heads and the asymmetries in licensing potential that exist between such positions.<br>In this thesis, the consequences of such differences for the second language (L2) acquisition of prosodic complexity and position-sensitive contrasts are explored. It is argued that an explanatorily adequate account of L2 syllabification must include highly-structured representations as well as a theory of licensing, which distinguishes between the licensing of a given position and the licensing of featural content in such a position. Using data drawn primarily from a number of studies that investigate the acquisition of French by native speakers of English and Mandarin, it is demonstrated that the widely-attested interlanguage (IL) syllable-structure-modification processes of deletion, epenthesis, and feature change have a common source. Specifically, all three processes result from the IL grammar's inability to license a syllable position or (some of) the featural content present in such a position in the target representation. Within Optimality theory, the framework adopted, this is formalized through the competition between Faithfulness constraints and Markedness constraints, which evaluate the wellformedness of the licensing relationships. Finally, it is argued that Prosodic Licensing and the principle of Licensing Inheritance from Harris (1997) work together to encode prosodic markedness in representation, as they create a series of head-dependent asymmetries in which heads are strong licensors vis-a-vis their dependents.
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鄭美儀 and Mei-yee Mickey Cheng. "The influence of L1 on the acquisition of English passives among Hong Kong secondary school students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40735217.
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Huang, Jianqiao Caroline, and 黃劍橋. "Is the overt pronoun constraint learnable?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/212621.
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Studies on implicit learning have provided evidence for L2 acquisition of syntactic features, yet limited effort has been made to gauge the applicability of the implicit learning paradigm on syntactic structures that are posited by nativists as innate and need not to be learned. This thesis investigates the implicit learning of the Overt Pronoun Constraint(OPC), a claimed UG-derived constraint (White, 2003a,b; Hawkins, 2008)that prevents overt pronouns from taking quantified NPs as antecedents in null-argument languages(Montalbetti, 1983), and seeks alternative explanations to such knowledge from the usage-based perspective in SLA. In Experiment 1, participants’L1 prior knowledge of the binding constraint of the overt pronoun he in Mandarin Chinese and English was investigated respectively. Results show that Chinese participants accepted the bound variable interpretation of the pronoun他 (he) when the matrix subject (the subject of the main clause) was 有人someone, suggesting that the OPC may not be fully applicable in Chinese, and that the OPC may not be a universal phenomenon in all null-argument languages as claimed by nativists (e.g. Kanno, 1997). In terms of English participants, they rejected bound variable interpretations more often when the matrix subject of the sentence was a quantified NP than when it was a referring NP, indicating some biases of the interpretation towards the reference of the overt pronoun. Potential explanations for these cross-linguistic differences include the popularized use of singular they in English (Bhat, 2004) to refer to gender-ambiguous antecedents, and the degree of consistency in definiteness between the matrix subject and the pronoun as the sub-clause subject. In Experiment 2, Chinese L1 speakers were exposed to a semi-artificial language system that combined the binding constraint of the Japanese pronoun “kare” with Chinese to see whether they could acquire the OPC implicitly. The learning was measured by a timed Grammatical Judgment Test (GJT), and awareness was assessed by confidence ratings, source attributions and verbal reports. Results show that learning effect (both implicit and explicit) was observed in the Chinese group. In Experiment 3, Chinese participants were exposed to a semi-artificial language system that combined the overt pronoun binding constraint with their L2 English, and no learning effect was observed in this group, indicating that implicit learning could be affected by participants’L2 proficiency. In Experiment 4, the implicit learning of the pronoun constraint by English native speakers was investigated and L1 transfer effect was found in this experiment. To sum up, results show that the interpretation bias of the overt pronoun might be learned implicitly, although the learning process could be affected by participants’ prior linguistic knowledge. It also suggests that this bias might be learned without the assumption of UG existence, which show support for the usage-based approach in SLA.<br>published_or_final_version<br>English<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Kim, Jung-tae. "The initial state of second language syntax : an investigation of L2 wh-movement and null-subjects from the minimalist perspective /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004306.
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Waltmunson, Jeremy C. "The relative degree of difficulty of L2 Spanish /d, t/, trill, and tap by L1 English speakers : auditory and acoustic methods of defining pronunciation accuracy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8373.
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Gustin, Edward Louis. "A semantic analysis of 'get' and its acquisition by students of English in Macau : a cognitive approach." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586626.
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Davis, Henry. "The acquisition of the English auxiliary system and its relation to linguistic theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26987.
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This thesis explores the connection between linguistic theory, as embodied in a version of the Government - Binding (GB) model of syntax, and the parameter-setting theory of language acquisition.
In Chapter 2, it is argued that by incorporating the criterion of epistemological priority, syntactic theory can move closer towards becoming a plausible model of language acquisition. A version of GB theory is developed which adopts this criterion, leading to several modifications, including the derivation of X-bar theory from more "primitive" grammatical sub-components, and a revision of the Projection Principle. This model is converted into a procedure for phrase-structure acquisition, employing sets of Canonical Government Configurations and Percolation Principles to map Case- and θ-relations onto phrase-structure trees. The chapter ends with a discussion of the "missing-subject" stage in the acquisition of English.
Chapter 3 concerns auxiliaries. It is argued that parametric variation in auxiliary systems can be reduced to levels of association between INFL and V. The question of irregularity is dealt with through the Designation Convention of Emonds (1985), which makes a distinction between open- and closed- class grammatical elements, and a Parallel Distributed Processing model of learning. The last part of the chapter investigates the learning of the English auxiliary system, and in particular the errors known as "auxiliary overmarking".
Chapter 4 investigates the syntax of Subject Auxiliary Inversion (SAI)-type rules. An account of inversion is developed based on the theory of predication, in which inversion-inducing elements are treated as "A'-type" subjects which must be linked to AGR in order to satisfy conditions on Predicate-licensing. A parametrization is developed based on the cross-linguistic examination of SAI-type rules.
Chapter 5 concerns the acquisition of SAI. It is argued that there are no invariant "stages" in the development of inversion; rather, a proportion of children misanalyze (WH + contracted auxiliary) sequences as (WH + AGR-clitic) sequences and formulate grammars in which SAI is unnecessary. A "two-tiered" theory of syntactic acquisition is proposed to account for the observed developmental patterns.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Linguistics, Department of<br>Graduate
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Hu, Yuxiu Lucille, and 胡玉秀. "The acquisition of English articles by Mandarin-speaking learners: an optimality-theoretic syntax account." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46482738.
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Kevari, Mary Kathleen. "The role of universal grammar in second language acquisition: An experimental study of Spanish ESL students' interpretation of lexical pronouns." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1710.
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Alasfour, Aisha Saud. "Grammatical Errors by Arabic ESL Students| An Investigation of L1 Transfer through Error Analysis." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826886.
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<p> This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) transfer on Arabic ESL learners’ acquisition of the relative clauses, the passive voice and the definite article. I used Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) to analyze 50 papers written by Arabic ESL students at the ACTFL Advanced Mid proficiency level. The analysis was paired with interviews with five advanced students to help determine whether L1 transfer was, in fact, influencing students’ errors predicted by CA. </p><p> Students in this study made L1 errors along with other errors. Although no statistical difference was found between the frequency of transfer and other (non-transfer) errors, L1 transfer errors were still common for many learners in this data. The frequency of the relative clause L1 transfer errors was slightly higher than other errors. However, passive voice L1 errors were as frequent as other errors whereas definite article L1 errors were slightly less frequent than other errors. The analysis of the interviews suggested that L1 still played a crucial role in influencing learners errors. </p><p> The analysis also suggested that the frequency of transfer errors in the papers used in this study might have been influenced by CA-informed instruction students received and students’ language level. Specifically, learners reported that both factors helped them reduce the frequency of L1 transfer errors in their writing. </p><p> The teaching implications of this study include familiarizing language instructors with possible sources of errors for Arabic ESL learners. Language instructors should try to identify sources of errors by conducting their own analyses or consulting existing literature on CA paired with EA. Finally, I recommend adopting a CA-informed instruction to help students reduce and overcome errors that are influenced by their L1.</p><p>
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辛尚泰 and Sheung-tai San. "A study of the dimensions of morphological knowledge and their lexico-syntactic implications for second language proficiency." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B25314105.
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Bozzetti-Engstrom, Marie Linnea. "What's in a word?: Connotation in teaching English to speakers of other languages." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2078.
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This thesis focuses on connotative meaning routinely ignored or difficult to locate in the available ESL textbooks and dictionaries. This perceived absence led to the following study: a review of ESL textbooks, a review of standard monolingual English and learner dictionaries, and a survey of ESL instructors.
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Su, Kim Nam. "Statistical modeling of multiword expressions." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3147.
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In natural languages, words can occur in single units called simplex words or in a group of simplex words that function as a single unit, called multiword expressions (MWEs). Although MWEs are similar to simplex words in their syntax and semantics, they pose their own sets of challenges (Sag et al. 2002). MWEs are arguably one of the biggest roadblocks in computational linguistics due to the bewildering range of syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and statistical idiomaticity they are associated with, and their high productivity. In addition, the large numbers in which they occur demand specialized handling. Moreover, dealing with MWEs has a broad range of applications, from syntactic disambiguation to semantic analysis in natural language processing (NLP) (Wacholder and Song 2003; Piao et al. 2003; Baldwin et al. 2004; Venkatapathy and Joshi 2006).<br>Our goals in this research are: to use computational techniques to shed light on the underlying linguistic processes giving rise to MWEs across constructions and languages; to generalize existing techniques by abstracting away from individual MWE types; and finally to exemplify the utility of MWE interpretation within general NLP tasks.<br>In this thesis, we target English MWEs due to resource availability. In particular, we focus on noun compounds (NCs) and verb-particle constructions (VPCs) due to their high productivity and frequency.<br>Challenges in processing noun compounds are: (1) interpreting the semantic relation (SR) that represents the underlying connection between the head noun and modifier(s); (2) resolving syntactic ambiguity in NCs comprising three or more terms; and (3) analyzing the impact of word sense on noun compound interpretation. Our basic approach to interpreting NCs relies on the semantic similarity of the NC components using firstly a nearest-neighbor method (Chapter 5), then verb semantics based on the observation that it is often an underlying verb that relates the nouns in NCs (Chapter 6), and finally semantic variation within NC sense collocations, in combination with bootstrapping (Chapter 7).<br>Challenges in dealing with verb-particle constructions are: (1) identifying VPCs in raw text data (Chapter 8); and (2) modeling the semantic compositionality of VPCs (Chapter 5). We place particular focus on identifying VPCs in context, and measuring the compositionality of unseen VPCs in order to predict their meaning. Our primary approach to the identification task is to adapt localized context information derived from linguistic features of VPCs to distinguish between VPCs and simple verb-PP combinations. To measure the compositionality of VPCs, we use semantic similarity among VPCs by testing the semantic contribution of each component.<br>Finally, we conclude the thesis with a chapter-by-chapter summary and outline of the findings of our work, suggestions of potential NLP applications, and a presentation of further research directions (Chapter 9).
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勞皓珍 and Ho-chun Rebecca Lo. "The relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2682274X.
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Dean, Elizabeth Claire. "A study of the relationship between phonological awareness and phonological processing in four and five year old children." Thesis, n.p, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Serrat, Sellabona Elisabet. "El procés de gramaticalització en l'adquisició del llenguatge: la categoria formal de verb." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8019.
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Des de diverses perspectives, alguns autors han remarcat la importància del verb en l'adquisició del llenguatge (Bloom, 1991; Pinker, 1989; Tomasello, 1992). Donat que la seva estructura semàntica proporciona un marc conceptual per incloure-hi estructures lingüistiques més àmplies, esdevé un element clau en el pas a una fase de parla organitzada gramaticalment. Es per aquest motiu que l'adquisició de la categoria formal de verb és essencial per poder entendre com els nens arriben a ser gramaticalment competents. En aquest estudi pretenem explorar com s'adquireix la classe formal de verb tenint en compte les diferents propostes que intenten explicar el procés de gramaticalització i, en concret, l'adquisició de les categories de mot. En les dades sobre l'adquisició inicial dels verbs, es troba que a partir dels tres anys hi ha un ús consistent del elements verbals, però abans d'aquesta edat alguns autors han descrit un ús dels marcadors morfològics limitat a alguns verbs (Bloom, 90) i també que la utilització de l'estructura argumental inicial sembla anar lligada a verbs individuals (Tomasello, 92, Olguin i Tomasello, 93). Aquestes dades apunten que en un principi els verbs serien utilitzats de forma lexicalitzada, de manera que s'adquiririen individualment.<br>Several authors (Bloom. 1991; Pinker, 1989; Tomasello. 1992) have attracted our attention, from different points of view, on the importance of verb in language acquisition to understand how children come to be grammatically competent. In the data on the initial acquisition of verbs, we find that, since the age of three years there is a consistent use of verbal elements but that before this age some authors have described morphological marking being used although only with some verbs (Bloom, Lifter, & Hafitz, 1980), and also that the use of initial argument structure seems to be tied to individual verbs<br/>(Tomasello. 1992. Olguin & Tomasello, 1993). If we accept. within the frame of the cognitive point of view, that verb category is acquired progressively and does not start to be constructed until other developments or previous targets<br/>have been reached. there flow few questions, How do children go from the individually organised element to verb category? Which structures must be previously acquired? These are the issues addressed in the present study taking Ninio's (1988) and Tomasello (1992) proposal as a starting point. According to their hypothesis children begin to form a word class of verbs when the latter are treated as argument slots of other predicates. This can be start to happen throughout the use of negatives sentences. wh-questions and sentences with one verb in the argument slot of another verb. In other words. the formation of a word class of verbs has to await their placement in argument slots in one way or another.
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Kleppa, Lou-Ann. "Preposições ligadas a verbos na fala de uma criança em processo de aquisição de linguagem e de dois sujeitos agramaticos em processo de reconstrução de linguagem ou "Eu e voce? Diferente"." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/271177.
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Orientador: Rosana do Carmo Novaes Pinto<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem,<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: Esta tese situa-se na área de Neurolingüística, buscando dialogar com a área da Aquisição de Linguagem. Seu ponto de partida é a hipótese do espelho invertido, proposta por Roman Jakobson ([1956] 1971), que prevê que os primeiros elementos lingüísticos adquiridos por uma criança serão os últimos sujeitos à dissolução na fala do sujeito afásico. O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é a preposição ligada a verbos na fala de uma criança (R) em processo de aquisição de linguagem e de dois sujeitos afásicos com agramatismo (MS e OJ) em processo de reconstrução de linguagem. Não se tem notícia de outros estudos que tomem a preposição como ponto de articulação para o contraste da fala de crianças e sujeitos afásicos. Foram examinados dados longitudinais, dialógicos e de fala espontânea de R, MS e OJ e dados dialógicos dos sujeitos afásicos, coletados em situações experimentais. Estes dados, de naturezas diferentes, foram examinados separadamente, para que fosse possível contrastar o funcionamento da preposição (i) na fala da criança versus dos sujeitos afásicos quando envolvidos numa mesma situação dialógica: a conversa informal; (ii) e na fala dos sujeitos afásicos em diferentes situações dialógicas: conversa informal versus situações experimentais. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a classificação das preposições mais adequada é a proposta pela Hipótese da Gramaticalização, já adotada em Kleppa (2005a) para dispor as preposições num continuum de diferentes graus de gramaticalização. Assim, questões de freqüência, distribuição, forma e sentido da preposição determinam seu uso na fala da criança e dos sujeitos afásicos. Os resultados também indicam que a diferença de uso de preposições na fala da criança versus sujeitos afásicos, e dos sujeitos afásicos em conversas espontâneas versus situações experimentais é quantitativa, não qualitativa. Contudo, a maior diferença encontrada diz respeito ao estatuto de sujeito falante da criança e do sujeito afásico. A partir da análise de dados podemos dizer que a criança e os sujeitos afásicos movimentam-se na mesma língua, mas estabelecem diferentes (e incomparáveis) relações com ela. No âmbito da Neurolingüística, a Teoria da Adaptação orienta esta pesquisa, ao passo que no âmbito da Aquisição de Linguagem, a teorização de De Lemos ilumina algumas questões pontuais. Davidson, com seu estudo sobre malapropismos, apresenta uma visão interessante do ato comunicativo/ interpretativo e assim chegamos a diferentes concepções de língua, falante e fala daquelas adotadas nos estudos correntes sobre preposições, fala de criança ou afásico.<br>Abstract: This thesis was developed within the field of Neurolinguistics and aims some possible dialogue with the field of Language Acquisition. The starting point for this study is the inverted mirror hypothesis, posed by Roman Jakobson ([1956] 1971), predicting that the first linguistic elements acquired by the child will be the last ones dissolved in the speech of aphasic speakers. The object of this study is the preposition linked to verbs in the speech of one child (R) in the process of language acquisition and two agrammatic speakers (MS and OJ) in the process of language reconstruction. As far as we know, there are no other studies taking the preposition as an articulation point for the contrast between child and aphasic speech. Longitudinal, dialogical data were examined from both the child and the aphasic speakers: R provides spontaneous speech data, while MS and OJ provide as well spontaneous as elicited speech. These data, different by nature, were examined separately in order to allow the contrast of prepositions functioning (i) in the speech of the child versus the speech of agrammatic speakers when involved in the same dialogical context: informal conversation; (ii) and in the speech of agrammatic subjects in different conversational situations: informal conversation versus experimental situations. The results obtained indicate that the best classification of prepositions is the one offered by the Grammaticalization Hypothesis, arraying them in a synchronic continuum of different degrees of grammaticalization, as was done in Kleppa (2005a). Thus, issues concerning frequency, distribution, form and meaning of the prepositions determine their use in the speech of children and agrammatic subjects. Our results also indicate that the differences between the use of prepositions in child and aphasic speech in informal conversations are quantitative, not qualitative. The greatest difference, however, is related to the position of the speaker towards (his) language. The analysis shows that both the child and the aphasic speakers move within their language according to the possibilities given by the language, but the relations they establish with this language are not comparable. Within Neurolinguistics, the Adaptation Theory guides this research, while the theory developed by De Lemos comes to illuminate some specific points of debate concerning language acquisition. Davidson, with his study on malapropisms, presents an alternative view of the communicative/ interpretive act, and thus we reach different conceptions of language, speaker and speech from those assumed in current studies about prepositions, child and agrammatic speech.<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Linguística
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Damar, Marie-Eve. "Pour une linguistique applicable: l'exemple du subjonctif en FLE." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210654.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la linguistique applicable, discipline médiane entre linguistique et didactique, qui s’intéresse aux contenus grammaticaux proposés pour l’enseignement. On y aborde la problématique de la grammaire sous l’angle exclusif de l’acquisition du FLE (français langue étrangère), et la première partie de la thèse est consacrée à une mise au point théorique dans les études psycholinguistiques et didactiques. La deuxième partie examine la méthodologie relative à la grammaire dans les ressources pour l’enseignement-apprentissage du FLE, les manuels et les ouvrages de référence grammaticaux, ainsi que sur les cd-rom et les sites internet consacrés au FLE. Les contenus relatifs au subjonctif ont été recensés dans ces supports pédagogiques, et on peut aisément montrer qu’ils ne correspondent pas aux usages réels de la langue. Faut-il préférer le silence ou le mensonge métalinguistique ?Si l’on ne peut se résoudre à aucune de ces options, peut-on reposer la question de l’apport de la linguistique à la didactique ?Répondant par l’affirmative, la troisième partie de la thèse passe en revue les théories linguistiques abordant le subjonctif :sémantiques, syntaxiques, générativistes, mentalistes, énonciatives, psychomécaniques, etc. Pour passer de la linguistique théorique à la didactique, un concept novateur est nécessaire :la valeur d’applicabilité. Elle est définie comme la tendance d’une théorie linguistique à être plus ou moins transposable pour l’enseignement-apprentissage. Les critères de cette valeur sont empruntés à des domaines variés, comme la philosophie des sciences, la lisibilité, et bien sûr la didactique. Le passage en revue des théories linguistiques montre que la théorie la plus transposable est celle de Marc Wilmet, mais qu’elle est ne rencontre pas tous les critères de la valeur d’applicabilité. Différentes propositions d’aménagement de la théorie guillaumienne, qui a inspiré celle de Wilmet, prennent place dans la suite de ce travail, et, même si elles ont une valeur d’applicabilité plus élevée, elles ne rencontrent pas non plus tous les critères. Enfin, cette thèse propose une théorie applicable qui concerne le subjonctif, mais aussi, plus largement, les modes français :infinitif, subjonctif et indicatif. Cette théorie fait appel à un principe explicatif unique :l’ancrage. Ancrer signifie lier le procès, par la personne et/ou le temps, au repère choisi par l’énonciateur pour l’énonciation. L’infinitif n’ancre pas le procès, le subjonctif l’ancre sur le plan de la personne et l’indicatif ancre le procès par le temps et la personne. L’ancrage est un terme simple, imagé, métaphorique, qui permettra aux apprenants de comprendre à moindre coût le système des modes français. La théorie permet de prédire les emplois dans un très grand nombre de cas, et cela, avec l’avantage d’une grande économie conceptuelle.<p>Les emplois du subjonctif français sont passés en revue à la lumière de cette théorie, ainsi que les nombreux cas de concurrence entre les modes. Enfin, on propose une séquence applicable, composée d’une synthèse sur les modes et d’explications sur le fonctionnement des emplois du subjonctif français, et incluant une progression des contenus grammaticaux. Cette ultime partie fait donc le lien avec le début de la thèse, et profite des recherches sur la grammaire en psycholinguistiques et en didactique.<p>En conclusion, cette thèse ouvre la voie à une rénovation profonde des contenus grammaticaux pour l’enseignement, tant pour le FLE que pour le FLM, car, si la grammaire française est réputée difficile, c’est peut-être autant dû à une inadéquation entre les règles et les usages donc à des lacunes de ses descriptions, qu’à une complexité inhérente au fonctionnement de la langue.<p><p><br>Doctorat en Langues et lettres<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Seal, Amy. "Scoring sentences developmentally : an analog of developmental sentence scoring /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access:, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd12.pdf.
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Ma, Xiujie. "An analysis of temporal relations in languages: a comparative study of Mandarin and isiXhosa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003055.
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This study sought to investigate how temporal relations are expressed in Mandarin and isiXhosa. The objective was to compare how two typologically distinct languages, one isolating and the other agglutinating, cope with the encoding of situations that occur at different positions on the time line. Data was drawn from questionnaire responses from, and interviews with, isiXhosa speakers who provided translations of a wide range of sentences from English into isiXhosa. The study revealed that isiXhosa relies on the grammatical category – tense – to encode temporal relations, while Mandarin relies more on lexical and pragmatic devices – the use of temporal adverbials and the implication of aspectual markings – to locate a situation on the time line. Typically, each sentence in isiXhosa must be marked for tense: temporal adverbials are optional elements and used to more precisely locate the situation on the time line. By contrast, in Mandarin, temporal adverbials have a more central function in that they independently express different positions on the time line: without temporal adverbials, it is extremely difficult to locate a situation on the time line in some sentences. Another important difference between the two languages was revealed in this study: isiXhosa grammar allows speakers to talk about situations in terms of their distance (past or future) from the speech time whereas Mandarin grammar allows its speakers to talk about situations in terms of the internal properties (e.g. completed, ongoing, etc.) of those situations. The study revealed that isiXhosa and Mandarin are similar in one important respect: both languages have no formal properties, i.e. overt tense markers (isiXhosa) and compulsory temporal adverbials or other temporal devices (Mandarin) for marking the temporal location of present situations. The study also revealed that both languages encode ‘pastness’ in terms of whether or not the effects of the situation in question still remain at speech time.
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Sekiguchi, Tomoko. "The syntax and interpretation of resultative constructions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8378.
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Singer, Ruth. "Agreement in Mawng : productive and lexicalised uses of agreement in an Australian language /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003242.
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Lim, Jayeon. "The developmental process of English simple past and present perfect by adult Korean learners /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3080591.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Snijders, Liselotte. "The nature of configurationality in LFG." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1310f160-283e-411e-a8d7-20ab4b3380c2.
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The central issue in this thesis is configurationality, which has broadly been defined in terms of a division of the world's languages based on their core syntactic structure. Specifically, languages are traditionally divided into so-called configurational and non-configurational languages. Configurational languages are assumed to be languages with many restrictions on word order, and non-configurational languages are assumed to be languages with very few or no word order restrictions. Many linguists posit a strict division between the two different types of languages. In this thesis I propose a non-derivational approach to configurationality, and I discuss in detail three posited characteristics of non-configurational languages (in comparison to configurational languages): free word order, discontinuous expressions and subject-object asymmetries in binding. I propose a four-way classification of languages instead of a two-way one, based on constraints on annotations on phrase structure nodes, both for argument functions and for information structural roles (such as topic and focus). I propose that this four-way distinction is what underlies configurationality. I show that discontinuous expressions and potentially subject-object symmetries follow from the nature of languages that have traditionally been classified as non-configurational. For my analysis I employ Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), a non-derivational framework which is particularly well-suited to account for languages in which grammatical functions are not tied to specific phrase structural positions, due to its parallel architecture. This characteristic of LFG enables me to provide a straightforward classification of languages, by the ability to separate the influence of grammatical functions and information structural roles on word order and phrase structural configuration.
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Schwanhäu[beta]er, Barbara. "Lexical tone perception and production the role of language and musical background /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31791.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007.<br>"A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, MARCS Auditory Laboratories in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliography.
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Piñar, Larrubia Pilar. "Negative polarity licensing and negative concord in the Romance languages." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187478.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the investigation of the semantics and syntax of Negative Words (N-words) in negative concord languages, with a focus on Spanish. An in-depth look into the syntactic behavior as well as into the meaning of terms such as nadie 'nobody', nada 'nothing', nunca 'never', etc., will provide some insight into the controversial nature of these words in the Romance languages as well as a better understanding of their peculiar pattern of distribution. On a larger picture, a thorough investigation of the semantics and syntax of these items will, in turn, contribute to a better understanding of the nature of negative polarity items in general. Thus, as I just anticipated, my conclusion is that N-words are in fact equivalent to negative polarity items, and that the phenomenon of negative concord, by which, in some languages, various negative items contribute only one semantic negation to a sentence, is a subcase of the crosslinguistic phenomenon of negative polarity licensing. In this respect, my analysis of N-words builds on the analyses of Bosque (1980) and Laka (1990). I base my conclusion that N-words are negative polarity items upon an extensive survey of comparative data coming from different Romance languages as well as from English, and I bring up new data and arguments supporting my view on the issue. In addition to arguing for the negative polarity nature of N-words, I also explore the extent to which syntactic operations are involved in the licensing of N-words, and I provide evidence showing that N-word licensing does not directly involve syntactic movement (contra most standard assumptions). Finally, in my investigation of the nature of N-words, I go beyond simply identifying them as negative polarity items. Specifically, I look deeply into the logicosemantic contribution of N-words, and I present arguments and data showing that N-words do not have either negative or any other kind of quantificational force. Rather, as I argue, they are better characterized as logicosemantic variables (in the sense of Kamp 1981 and Heim 1982.) In this regard, I depart from Bosque's (1980) and Laka's (1990) characterization of N-words. My view is more radical than theirs in that I do not just claim that N-words do not have inherent negative content, but also that they do not have any quantificational force of their own at all.
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Capek, Cheryl Monica. "The cortical organization of spoken and signed sentence processing in adults /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3120613.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-166). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.