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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)"

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DOVIER, AGOSTINO, ANDREA FORMISANO, and ENRICO PONTELLI. "Multivalued action languages with constraints in CLP(FD)." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2010): 167–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068410000013.

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AbstractAction description languages, such asand ℬ (Gelfond and Lifschitz,Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 193—210), are expressive instruments introduced for formalizing planning domains and planning problem instances. The paper starts by proposing a methodology to encode an action language (with conditional effects and static causal laws), a slight variation of ℬ, usingConstraint Logic Programming over Finite Domains. The approach is then generalized to raise the use of constraints to the level of the action language itself. A prototype implementation has been developed, and the preliminary results are presented and discussed.

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Chun, Seok-Ju, Yunju Jo, and Seungmee Lee. "The Effect of Programming Classes with Tangible Scratch Blocks on the Programming Interest of 6th Grade Elementary School Students." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 11, no. 9 (2021): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.9.1542.

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In this paper, we introduce an original, classroom-based approach for teaching Scratch programming to 6th grade elementary school students. Scratch is a programming language that involves assembling icon-based command blocks. It was designed to avoid the complex syntax errors seen in other programming languages, making it especially accessible for younger learners. While Scratch does provide a visual programming environment in which potentially just about anyone can learn to read and write programming code, there can still be a reduced overall interest in learning programming, because younger learners in particular can find it difficult to intuitively understand or be stimulated by abstract concepts of programming such as sequences, conditions, and repetition, which are present in Scratch. Our research involves the development of a tangible, electronic block system that allows students to manipulate physical objects with their hands to perform programming tasks. The system consists of a Scratch simulator and physical, Scratch electronic blocks embodying Scratch user interface shapes. We devised and delivered a programming course to 6th grade Korean elementary school students using our block system. The results are encouraging.

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INCLEZAN, DANIELA, and MICHAEL GELFOND. "Modular action language." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 2 (July 6, 2015): 189–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068415000095.

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AbstractThe paper introduces a new modular action language,${\mathcal ALM}$, and illustrates the methodology of its use. It is based on the approach of Gelfond and Lifschitz (1993,Journal of Logic Programming 17, 2–4, 301–321; 1998,Electronic Transactions on AI 3, 16, 193–210) in which a high-level action language is used as a front end for a logic programming system description. The resulting logic programming representation is used to perform various computational tasks. The methodology based on existing action languages works well for small and even medium size systems, but is not meant to deal with larger systems that requirestructuring of knowledge.$\mathcal{ALM}$is meant to remedy this problem. Structuring of knowledge in${\mathcal ALM}$is supported by the concepts ofmodule(a formal description of a specific piece of knowledge packaged as a unit),module hierarchy, andlibrary, and by the division of a system description of${\mathcal ALM}$into two parts:theoryandstructure. Atheoryconsists of one or more modules with a common theme, possibly organized into a module hierarchy based on adependency relation. It contains declarations of sorts, attributes, and properties of the domain together with axioms describing them.Structuresare used to describe the domain's objects. These features, together with the means for defining classes of a domain as special cases of previously defined ones, facilitate the stepwise development, testing, and readability of a knowledge base, as well as the creation of knowledge representation libraries.

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Puhan, Janez, Árpád Bűrmen, Tadej Tuma, and Iztok Fajfar. "Teaching Assembly and C Language Concurrently." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 47, no. 2 (April 2010): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.47.2.3.

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The paper discusses whether (and how) to teach assembly coding as opposed to (or in conjunction with) higher programming languages as part of a modern electrical engineering curriculum. We describe the example of a very simple cooperative embedded real-time operating system, first programmed in C and then in assembler. A few lines of C language code are compared with the slightly longer assembly code equivalent, and the advantages and drawbacks are discussed. The example affords students a much deeper understanding of computer architecture and operating systems. The course is linked to other courses in the curriculum, which all use the same hardware and software platform; this lowers prices, reduces overheads and encourages students to reuse parts of a written code in subsequent courses. A student learns that badly written and poorly documented code is very difficult to reuse.

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Kaczmarek, Wojciech, Bartłomiej Lotys, Szymon Borys, Dariusz Laskowski, and Piotr Lubkowski. "Controlling an Industrial Robot Using a Graphic Tablet in Offline and Online Mode." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072439.

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The article presents the possibility of using a graphics tablet to control an industrial robot. The paper presents elements of software development for offline and online control of a robot. The program for the graphic tablet and the operator interface was developed in C# language in Visual Studio environment, while the program controlling the industrial robot was developed in RAPID language in the RobotStudio environment. Thanks to the development of a digital twin of the real robotic workstation, tests were carried out on the correct functioning of the application in offline mode (without using the real robot). The obtained results were verified in online mode (on a real production station). The developed computer programmes have a modular structure, which makes it possible to easily adapt them to one’s needs. The application allows for changing the parameters of the robot and the parameters of the path drawing. Tests were carried out on the influence of the sampling frequency and the tool diameter on the quality of the reconstructed trajectory of the industrial robot. The results confirmed the correctness of the application. Thanks to the new method of robot programming, it is possible to quickly modify the path by the operator, without the knowledge of robot programming languages. Further research will focus on analyzing the influence of screen resolution and layout scale on the accuracy of trajectory generation.

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Pushpa, S. Paul, D. Angeline Ranjithamani, and S. Sowmiya. "Online Electrical Goods and Crew." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100218.

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The Online Shopping is a web based application intended for online retailers. The main objective of this application is to make it interactive and its ease of use. Electronic Commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. A person sitting on his chair in front of a computer can access all the facilities of the Internet to buy or sell the products. Unlike traditional commerce that is carried out physically with effort of a person to go & get products, ecommerce has made it easier for human to reduce physical work and to save time. It Provide full electrical work for home and shops etc... We are full responsibility for the work and the website was also include employee allocation details for admin only. In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If their customers wish to see our business online and have instant access to your products or services. Using asp .net for creating this website , Developing Language is C#, Designing languages are CSS and Html. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client side scripting techniques, implementation technologies such as ASP.NET, programming language (such as C#) and relational databases. The search engine provides an easy and convenient way to search for products where a user can Search for a product interactively and the search engine would refine the products available based on the user’s input.

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Mauw, S., and G. J. Veltink. "A Process Specification Formalism1." Fundamenta Informaticae 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 85–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1990-13202.

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Traditional methods for programming sequential machines are inadequate for specifying parallel systems. Because debugging of parallel programs is hard, due to e.g. non-deterministic execution, verification of program correctness becomes an even more important issue. The Algebra of Communicating Processes (ACP) is a formal theory which emphasizes verification and can be applied to a large domain of problems ranging from electronic circuits to CAM architectures. The manual verification of specifications of small size has already been achieved, but this cannot easily be extended to the verification of larger industrially relevant systems. To deal with this problem we need computer tools to help with the specification, simulation, verification and implementation. The first requirement for building such a set of tools is a specification language. In this paper we introduce PSFd (Process Specification Formalism – draft) which can be used to formally express processes in ACP. In order to meet the modern requirements of software engineering, like reusability of software, PSFd supports the modular construction of specifications and parameterization of modules. To be able to deal with the notion of data, ASF (Algebraic Specification Formalism) is embedded in our formalism. As semantics for PSFd a combination of initial algebra semantics and operational semantics for concurrent processes is used. A comparison with programming languages and other formal description techniques for the specification of concurrent systems is included.

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LYU, MICHAEL R., JIA-HONG CHEN, and ALGIRDAS AVIŽIENIS. "EXPERIENCE IN METRICS AND MEASUREMENTS FOR N-VERSION PROGRAMMING." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 01, no. 01 (March 1994): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539394000052.

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The N-Version Programming (NVP) approach applies the idea of design diversity to obtain fault-tolerant software units, called N-Version Software (NVS) units. The effectiveness of this approach is examined by the software diversity achieved in the member versions of an NVS unit. We define and formalize the concept of design diversity and software diversity in this paper. Design diversity is a property naturally applicable to the NVP process to increase its fault-tolerance attributes. The baseline design diversity is characterized by the employment of independent programming teams in the NVP. More design diversity investigations could be enforced in the NVP design process, including different languages, different tools, different algorithms, and different methodologies. Software diversity is the resulting dissimilarities appearing in the NVS member versions. We characterize it from four different points of view that are designated as: structural diversity, fault diversity, tough-spot diversity, and failure diversity. Our goals are to find a way to quantify software diversity and to investigate the measurements which can be applied during the life cycle of NVS to gain confidence that operation will be dependable when NVS is actually employed. The versions from a six-language N-Version Programming project for fault-tolerant flight control software were used in the software diversity measurement.

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Behmanesh, Ali, Nasrin Sayfouri, and Farahnaz Sadoughi. "Technological Features of Internet of Things in Medicine: A Systematic Mapping Study." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9238614.

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Nowadays, applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) have been introduced in different fields of medicine to provide more efficient medical services to the patients. A systematic mapping study was conducted to answer ten research questions with the purposes of identifying and classifying the present medical IoT technological features as well as recognizing the opportunities for future developments. We reviewed how cloud, wearable technologies, wireless communication technologies, messaging protocols, security methods, development boards, microcontrollers, mobile/IoT operating systems, and programming languages have been engaged in medical IoT. Based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, 89 papers, published between 2000 and 2018, were screened and selected. It was found that IoT studies, with a publication rise between 2015 and 2018, predominantly dealt with the following IoT features: (a) wearable sensor types of chiefly accelerometer and ECG placed on 16 different body parts, especially the wrist (33%) and the chest (21%) or implanted on the bone; (b) wireless communication technologies of Bluetooth, cellular networks, and Wi-Fi; (c) messaging protocols of mostly MQTT; (d) utilizing cloud for both storing and analyzing data; (e) the security methods of encryption, authentication, watermark, and error control; (f) the microcontrollers belonging to Atmel ATmega and ARM Cortex-M3 families; (g) Android as the commonly used mobile operating system and TinyOS and ContikiOS as the commonly used IoT operating systems; (h) Arduino and Raspberry Pi development boards; and finally (i) MATLAB as the most frequently employed programming language in validation research. The identified gaps/opportunities for future exploration are, namely, employment of fog/edge computing in storage and processing big data, the overlooked efficient features of CoAP messaging protocol, the unnoticed advantages of AVR Xmega and Cortex-M microcontroller families, employment of the programming languages of Python for its significant capabilities in evaluation and validation research, development of the applications being supported by the mobile/IoT operating systems in order to provide connection possibility among all IoT devices in medicine, exploiting wireless communication technologies such as BLE, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, NFC, and 5G to reduce power consumption and costs, and finally uncovering the security methods, usually used in IoT applications, in order to make other applications more trustworthy.

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Makarych, M. V., Y. B. Popova, and M. O. Shved. "Linguistic database and software for english-belarusian-russian dictionary of technical terms." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (February 6, 2019): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2018-4-74-82.

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The central object of computer lexicography is a computer or electronic dictionary, which must have a sufficiently large vocabulary, provide the consistent extraction of information depending on the user’s need and provide complete grammatical information about the words of input and output languages. Taking into account the current trend in the development of special terminological dictionaries, the authors propose an English-Belarusian-Russian dictionary of technical terms. At the initial stage of the work the dictionary was named TechLex and covers the following subject areas: architecture and construction, water supply, information technology, pedagogy, transport communications, economics, energy-supply. Currently, each subject area of the dictionary is located in the Internet GoogleTable and contains about 1000 terms. It has the possibility to be simultaneously filled by several teachers. The linguistic database of the dictionary is not created by the traditional way of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations. Lexis from sequential processing of scientific and technical English periodicals of particular subject areas is the base of it. The software of the proposed electronic dictionary is designed taking into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and is a client-server application in Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which was tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of TechLex dictionary is designed in such a way that only a single zone is activated according to the query, so there is no need to view all the subject areas of the dictionary. The proposed TechLex dictionary is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary with an English-Belarusian-Russian version.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)"

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Falbo, Vincent. "English language & third generation programming language pedagogical practice analysis /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7879.

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Judd, Mark. "A view of types and parameterization in programming languages /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63360.

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Muff, Urs C. "Backtracking model languages /." Access author, 2000.

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Erlandson, Richard A. "IPCL1- An Interactive Process Control Language." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1985. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/11394.

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University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis
This report documents a Process Control Language. It was written to provide an easy-to-use, user-friendly language to control a manufacturing-type process. It is not assumed the user is proficient or even familiar with any computer languages. The user should be able to grasp the simple set of commands available and begin writing user programs in a short period of time. Emphasis has been placed on error messages to inform the user of the type of error and enough information to correct it. The language was written in PDP-11 assembly language and run on a 11/34 computer in the Microcomputer Laboratory at the University of Central Florida.
M.S.;
Engineering;
Engineering;
Engineering;
46 p.
iv, 46 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.

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Carpenter, Steven M. "Visual meta-programming language graphical user interface for generative programming." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FCarpenter.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Mikhail Auguston, Richard Riehle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89). Also available online.

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Chronaki, Catherine Eleftherios. "Parallelism in declarative languages /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10793.

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Cardone, Richard Joseph. "Language and compiler support for mixin programming." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077428.

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Lewis, E. Christopher. "Achieving robust performance in parallel programming languages /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6996.

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Pulfer, Charles E. "A comparison of the ability of novices and experienced third generation language programmers to learn fourth generation languages." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26111.

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This thesis describes research which was carried out to determine whether novices could program in fourth generation languages as well as experienced third generation programmers. It was thought that experience with a third generation language could be transferred to a fourth generation environment. This hypothesis was tested using a completely randomized block design lab experiment consisting of two factors and a block. The two factors were experience with third generation languages, and complexity of the task. The block was the educational institution where the lab sessions were conducted. Each of the factors and the block had two levels. The specific hypotheses tested were: 1. Experienced third generation language programmers will record higher mean scores on both simple and complex tests of fourth generation languages. 2. The difference in test scores, between simple and complex fourth generation language tasks, will be greater for novices than for experienced third generation language programmers. 3. Experience with other software tools, especially report writers, query languages, and other fourth generation languages will affect the subjects' performance on the fourth generation language tests. Using FOCUS as the fourth generation language, lab sessions were run for fifty-seven subjects. The results indicate that experience with third generation languages affects a subject's performance on simple tests of fourth generation languages. The results also indicate that the experience has no effect on complex tests of fourth generation languages. Because of a lack of data, no meaningful conclusions could be reached for hypothesis number three. We feel experienced third generation language programmers scored higher than novices on simple 4GL reporting tests because experienced 3GL programmers had skills which were very similar to the skills needed in a simple 4GL reporting application. There are several possible ways of explaining why experienced programmers could do no better than novices on complex 4GL reporting tests. One possible explanation follows; because complex 4GL reporting commands are so different from third generation language commands, third generation language programmers had no advantage over novices. A second explanation might be that the complex test was too difficult, or too long. As a result of this difficulty, no one was able to perform very well. We conclude that experienced programmers should be preferred over novices when applications involve simple 4GL commands. More research is necessary to determine if in fact novices can perform as well as experienced third generation language programmers on complex 4GL tasks.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

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Roe, Paul. "Parallel programming using functional languages." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1052.

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Books on the topic "Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)"

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Kirkerud, Bjørn. Programming language semantics: Imperative and object-oriented languages. London: International Thomson Computer Press, 1997.

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Programming languages. Santa Rosa, Calif: Burgess Communications, 1987.

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Programming languages. New York: Macmillan, 1988.

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1939-, Grune Dick, ed. Programming language essentials. Wokingham, Eng: Addison-Wesley, 1994.

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Programming language pragmatics. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2009.

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Programming language pragmatics. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2006.

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Programming languages. Maidenhead: McGraw, 1988.

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Tucker, Allen B. Programming languages. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986.

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Silverman, Gordon. Computers and computer languages. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.

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David, Turkiew, ed. Computers and Computer Languages. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)"

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Benson, Gregory D., and Ronald A. Olsson. "The Design of Microkernel Support for the Sr Concurrent Programming Language." In Languages, Compilers and Run-Time Systems for Scalable Computers, 227–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2315-4_17.

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Lighton, John R. B. "Acquiring Useful Tools and Skills." In Measuring Metabolic Rates, 232–38. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.003.0020.

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This chapter discusses useful skills and tools that can extend and amplify the reach of innovative researchers. These include programming languages; statistical packages; microcontrollers and single board computers; researcher-friendly electronic resources; circuit capture and printed circuit design packages and resources; 3D design and printing packages and resources; and laser-cutting resources. The emphasis is on open source solutions applicable to scientific research.

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Samundeeswari, E. S., and F. Mary Magdalene Jane. "Mobile Code and Security Issues." In Electronic Business, 2183–97. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch135.

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Over the years, computer systems have evolved from centralized monolithic computing devices supporting static applications, into client-server environments that allow complex forms of distributed computing. Throughout this evolution, limited forms of code mobility have existed. The explosion in the use of the World Wide Web, coupled with the rapid evolution of the platform- independent programming languages, has promoted the use of mobile code and, at the same time, raised some important security issues. This chapter introduces mobile code technology and discusses the related security issues. The first part of the chapter deals with the need for mobile codes and the various methods of categorising them. One method of categorising the mobile code is based on code mobility. Different forms of code mobility, like code on demand, remote evaluation, and mobile agents, are explained in detail. The other method is based on the type of code distributed. Various types of codes, like source code, intermediate code, platform-dependent binary code, and just-in-time compilation, are explained. Mobile agents, as autonomously migrating software entities, present great challenges to the design and implementation of security mechanisms. The second part of this chapter deals with the security issues. These issues are broadly divided into code-related issues and host-related issues. Techniques, like sandboxing, code signing, and proof-carrying code, are widely applied to protect the hosts. Execution tracing, mobile cryptography, obfuscated code, and cooperating agents are used to protect the code from harmful agents. The security mechanisms, like language support for safety, OS level security, and safety policies, are discussed in the last section. In order to make the mobile code approach practical, it is essential to understand mobile code technology. Advanced and innovative solutions are to be developed to restrict the operations that mobile code can perform, but without unduly restricting its functionality. It is also necessary to develop formal, extremely easy-to-use safety measures.

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Dasgupta, Subrata. "Very Formal Affairs." In The Second Age of Computer Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843861.003.0009.

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If social and behavioral scientists have harbored “physics envy” as some have wryly claimed—envy of its explanatory and predictive success— then computer scientists may be said to have suffered from “mathematics envy.” Interestingly, this envy was less a characteristic of the pioneers of digital computing of the 1940s and 1950s, the people who shed first light on the design of digital electronic computers, the first programming languages, the first operating systems, the first language translators, and so on—though most of them were trained as mathematicians. They were too busy learning the heuristic principles of computational artifacts. Rather, it was in the 1960s when we first find signs of a kind of mathematics envy, at least in some segments of the embryonic computer science community. It was as if, having discovered (or invented) the heuristic principles of practical computational artifacts, some felt the need to understand the underlying “science” of these artifacts—by which they meant its underlying mathematics and logic. Mathematics envy could be assuaged only by thinking mathematically about computational artifacts. Computer science would then be raised to the intellectual stature of, say, physics or indeed of mathematics itself if computer scientists could transform their discipline into a mathematical science. One cannot blame computer scientists who thought this way. The fact is, there is something about mathematics that situates it in a world of its own. “Mathematics is a unique aspect of human thought,” wrote hyperprolific science (fact and fiction) writer Isaac Asimov. And Asimov was by no means the first or only person to think so. But wherein lies the uniqueness of mathematical thinking? Perhaps the answer is that for many people, mathematics offers the following promises:The unearthliness of mathematical objects. The perfectness and exactness of mathematical concepts. An inexorable rigor of mathematical reasoning. The certainty of mathematical knowledge. The self-sufficiency of the mathematical universe. These promises are clearly enviable if they can be kept; usually, they are kept.

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"Computer-Based Mathematics Education." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 28–51. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5718-1.ch003.

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In this chapter, the authors mention, briefly, the attempts made from the 1970s to today to insert modern technologies in the teaching/learning of mathematics. They start with the first pocket calculators in the 1970s, which had a rapid technological diffusion that still exists. They focus on the impact that digital electronic technology has had on teaching/learning math. They will not follow a strictly chronological order, preferring to dwell on what, in their opinion, are the fundamental stages. So, the advent of the PC and programming languages—Logo, Basic, Pascal—CAI programs, DGS software, CAS. They conclude with their MatCos Project, after mentioning the new coding languages, including Scratch.

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Basurto-Pensado, Miguel, Carlos Alberto Ochoa Ortiz Zezzatti, Rosenberg Romero, Jesús Escobedo-Alatorre, Jessica Morales-Valladares, Arturo García-Arias, and Margarita Tecpoyotl Torres. "Optical Application improved with Logistics of Artificial Intelligent and Electronic Systems." In Logistics Management and Optimization through Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems, 439–55. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0297-7.ch017.

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Computer science and electronics have a very big incidence in several research areas; optics and photonics are not the exception. The utilization of computers, electronic systems, and devices has allowed the authors to develop several projects to control processes. A description of the computer tool called Laser Micro-Lithography (LML) to characterize materials is realized. The Reasoning Based on Cases (RBC) and its implementation in the software using Java are presented. In order to guarantee the lithography precision, a control system based on a microcontroller was developed and coupled to the mechanical system. An alternative of LML, considering the use of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), instead of a Personal Computer (PC) is described. In this case, C language is used for programming. RBC optimizes the materials characterization, recovering information of materials previously characterized. The communication between the PDA and the displacement table is achieved by means of a system based on a micro-controller DSPIC. The developed computers tool permits obtaining lithography with channels narrower than an optical fiber with minimum equipment. The development of irradiance meters based on electronic automation is shown; this section includes the basic theoretical concepts, the experimental device design and the experimental results. Future research trends are presented, and as a consequence of the developed work, perspectives of micro drilling and cutting are also analyzed.

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Khadraoui, Momouh, Béat Hirsbrunner, D. Khadraoui, and F. Meinköhn. "Multimedia Standards for iTV Technology." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1008–16. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch136.

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Forms of broadcast media, such as TV and radio, are considered passive because the consumer simply receives the message and does not choose whether or not view or to listen (other than by changing the channel). Interactive television (iTV) is changing this. It gives users control over the programs they receive, as well as a range of online services such as electronic programming guides, e-mail, e-commerce, games, interactive advertising, video on demand (VOD), and Web browsing. This is taking place by creating enhanced programming and offering compelling interactive services. The iTV market is growing at a remarkable rate. Its services have been launched across many countries, including in much of Europe and the U.S. According to the state of interactive TV 2005 report from Kagan Research at present (http://www.kagan.com/), 34.1 million households subscribe to iTV services, and the number of subscribers is expected to reach 69 million by 2009. Revenues from electronic transactions for games, television, or t-commerce (television commerce), and interactive advertising are estimated to reach $2.4 million by 2009. During the same period, we estimate that the interactive services segment will generate $780 million in operator revenue or cable, digital broadcast satellites (DBS), and telecoms. The switch from analog TV to digital television is referred to as the digital TV (DTV) transition. We expect that in the coming decade most broadcast signals will become digital. In 1996, the U.S. Congress authorized the distribution of an additional broadcast channel to each TV broadcaster so that they could introduce DTV service while simultaneously continuing their analog TV broadcasts (http://www.dtv.gov/consumercorner.html). In Europe several countries have already started making digital transmissions, and gouvernment has developed a roadmap that indicates when all transmissions will be digital. For the industry point of view, over the past few years it has been developing and selling devices for digital transmission and reception. The growing integration trend between personal computers and digital TV will affect the birth of new emerging markets for interactive TV broadcasting and Web TV. They can offer several different simultaneous TV programs, with visual and sound quality that is equal to or better than what is generally available nowadays. In addition, broadcasters can simultaneously transmit a variety of other information through a data bit stream to both enhance TV programming and to provide entirely new services (http://www.dtv.gov/consumercorner.html). Both set-top boxes (STB) and DTV are able to handle digital content. The advantages of DTV consist of audio and video quality improvement, providing more channels, more languages per channel, and additional data, for instance applications delivering.

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Roberto, John Alexander. "Cross-Cultural Languages Behind Technology-Enhanced Language Learning." In Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning, 16–46. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5463-9.ch002.

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Technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) is the result of the evolution of digital language, that is, a special code created by human beings to interact with computers. Digital language has, in turn, allowed for the creation of more specific languages. On the web, TELL is supported by three cross-cultural languages: natural language, visual language, and artificial language. A natural language, such as English or Spanish, becomes cross-cultural when it is processed by automatic means. A visual language is a system of communication using visual elements, such as pictograms. An artificial language, such as programming languages, is designed to communicate instructions to a machine. The author calls this trilogy of languages W3langs. This chapter explores the relationship between TELL and W3langs.

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Hsu, Jeffery. "User Interfaces and Markup Language Programming." In Computing Information Technology, 78–109. IGI Global, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-93177-752-0.ch006.

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The role of the user interface (interaction mode) is of considerable importance, since the method of interaction can have an impact on both performance and satisfaction with regards to using a programming language. While markup languages are now widely used for Web page and site design and electronic publishing applications, they have not been studied adequately compared with other kinds of languages. The impact of interaction mode, in this case command-based coding, versus using a form-fill-in wizard, is examined, with respect to performance and satisfaction while performing a survey-oriented task. Skill level, which classified users as being either a novice or experienced, was another factor, which was taken into account in this study. The results showed the use of wizards brought about better performance than using the command language, and the difference between modes was far greater for novices rather than experienced users. In addition, using the wizard tended to equalize performance across skill levels. With regards to system satisfaction, there were significant differences between interaction modes, however no differences were reported between skill levels. These differences in performance and satisfaction should be noted and considered when designing interactive systems for programming-related applications.

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Conlon, Sumali J., Susan Lukose, Jason G. Hale, and Anil Vinjamur. "Automatically Extracting and Tagging Business Information for E-Business Systems Using Linguistic Analysis." In Electronic Business, 2413–31. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch148.

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The Semantic Web will require semantic representations of information that computers can understand when they process business applications. Most Web content is currently represented in formats such as text, that facilitate human understanding, rather than in the more structured formats, that allow automated processing and computer understanding. This chapter explores how natural language processing (NLP) principles, using linguistic analysis, can be employed to extract information from unstructured Web documents and translate it into extensible markup language (XML)—the enabling currency of today’s e-business applications, and the foundation for the emerging Semantic Web languages of tomorrow. Our prototype system is built and tested with online financial documents.

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Conference papers on the topic "Language and languages Programming languages (Electronic computers)"

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Ari, Niyazi, and Nuraiym Mamatnazarova. "Programming languages." In 2014 11th International Conference on Electronics, Computer and Computation (ICECCO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecco.2014.6997548.

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Cerny, David, and Josef Dobe. "Functional Programming Languages in Computer Simulation of Electronics Circuits." In 2014 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci.2014.46.

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Kaiser, Lydia, Roman Dumitrescu, Jörg Holtmann, and Matthias Meyer. "Automatic Verification of Modeling Rules in Systems Engineering for Mechatronic Systems." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12330.

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Mechatronics is the close interaction of mechanics, electronics, control engineering and software engineering. The increasing complexity of mechatronic systems results in a challenging development process and particularly requires a consistent comprehension of the tasks between all the engineers involved. Especially during the early design phases, the communication and cooperation between the mechanical, electrical, control and software engineers is necessary to establish a basis for efficient and effective product development. The approach of Model-Based Systems Engineering focuses on this aspect by means of an abstract but superordinate system model. It enables a holistic view of the system. The system model can be specified using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). The language allows many degrees of freedom to specify a fact, bearing in mind that different system architects can specify the same fact in different ways. This leads to system models that can be interpreted in many ways. Thus, these models are hard to consistently compare and interpret, resulting in communication issues. In order to tackle this problem, we present a concept that uses modeling rules supporting model comparability. We formalize them by means of checks implemented in the programming language Java and the Object Constraint Language (OCL) in order to automatically verify the system model’s compliance with these rules.

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Ene, Alexandru, and Cosmin Stirbu. "Automatic generation of quizzes for Java programming language." In 2019 11th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai46879.2019.9042052.

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Ene, Alexandru, and Cosmin Stirbu. "Automatic generation of quizzes for C programming language." In 2020 12th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai50035.2020.9223159.

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Yuhan Gao and Zhiyong An. "The application of compute programming language in special optical system design." In 2010 International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (CMCE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmce.2010.5610513.

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Sotomayor-Beltran, Carlos. "AWARENESS OF THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PYTHON AMONG COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING STUDENTS FROM A PERUVIAN UNIVERSITY." In 11th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.1993.

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Hundal, M. S., and Louis D. Langholtz. "Developing Function Structures of Engineering Systems Using C and X-Toolkit Intrinsics." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0020.

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Abstract An interactive graphical program is described, which uses an object oriented approach for developing conceptual designs. The program is written in the C programming language and designed on a UNIX operating system. It starts with the specifications list, develops function structures and searches for solutions, for systems with mechanical, electrical/electronic, fluid and other components. It can be used for developing new and improving existing devices, systems and processes. Applications include any designs which can be described in terms of interconnected functional blocks with definable input and output parameters. By running the system, the variety of functional blocks can be tested to determine the optimal solution based on the given specifications. Designers will benefit from the pictorial representation; data-based functional and connective representation; and the generation and evaluation of concept variants. The use of the program is illustrated by an industrial design example.

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Roßmann, Ju¨rgen, Michael Schluse, and Thomas Jung. "Introducing Intuitive and Versatile Multi Modal Graphical Programming Means to Enhance Virtual Environments." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49517.

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Usability and versatility are two of the most important issues when using modern 3D simulation systems within the field of automation technology and virtual environments. 3D simulations and virtual worlds proved to be versatile tools to program, supervise and command complex robotic and automation systems. For industrial robots, 3D simulation systems like COSIMIR® introduced the so called Native Language Programming (NLP) concept enabling the automation expert to program each robot using its native programming language. But what about programming other automation components or other dynamic components in virtual environments, what about user friendly, intuitive graphical programming languages, what about easy-to-use worker oriented programming languages? When talking about graphical programming languages to model dynamic behavior, questions like “which graphical modeling languages should be supported?”, “which are the most powerful ones?” and “which one matches the most to my concrete application?” have to be answered. Each graphical programming language has its own advantages and disadvantages, so that the answer to all these questions has to be: Offer a choice of graphical modeling languages to the user and leave the decision to him. The advantage of this strategy is obvious: Instead of learning how to use a concrete modeling language or worrying about programming details, the user can focus on his individual automation task and so quickly build efficient solutions. Therefore this paper extends the NLP approach to graphical programming languages using a new kind of object oriented Petri Nets as an intermediate language. This enables the user to use — at the same time — finite automata like mealy machines or extended automata, activity diagrams as defined in UML 2, flowchart like diagrams (e. g. icon-based programming) and many more to model the dynamics or the behavior of dynamic components.

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Craig, Kevin. "Mechatronics at Rensselaer: Integration Through Design." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0117.

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Abstract Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of precision mechanical engineering, electronics, control engineering, and computer science in the design process. This paper describes a new elective course entitled Mechatronics which has been developed and was taught for the first time at Rensselaer during the fall 1991 semester to 45 senior-undergraduate and graduate students. The key areas of mechatronics which are studied in depth in this course are: control sensors and actuators, interfacing sensors and actuators to a microcomputer, discrete controller design, and real-time programming for control using the C programming language. The course is heavily laboratory-based with a two-hour laboratory weekly in addition to three hours of classroom lecture. The laboratory exercises include computer-aided control system design using MATRIXx, various analog and digital sensors, hydraulic actuators, DC and stepper motors, and computer control of a variety of physical systems. The unifying theme for the course is the integration of these key areas into a successful mechatronic design. Students are required, as a final project, to: identify a problem or need, analyze the problem, and write a problem statement; perform a state-of-the-art review; develop a list of specifications and identify the key specifications; generate an outstanding mechatronic-system conceptual design; and finally perform a detailed design of the system which may include model building and hardware development. Examples of student projects are described. This course should significantly enhance our design education program in the Mechanical Engineering Department and lay the foundation for the students to become mechatronic design engineers.

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