Journal articles: 'Language change'

1

Clements, J. Clancy, and Shelome Gooden. "Language change in contact languages." Language Change in Contact Languages 33, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.2.01cle.

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VON SCHNEIDEMESSER, L. "LEXICAL CHANGE, LANGUAGE CHANGE." American Speech 75, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-75-4-420.

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Blythe, Richard A., and William Croft. "How individuals change language." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): e0252582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252582.

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Languages emerge and change over time at the population level though interactions between individual speakers. It is, however, hard to directly observe how a single speaker’s linguistic innovation precipitates a population-wide change in the language, and many theoretical proposals exist. We introduce a very general mathematical model that encompasses a wide variety of individual-level linguistic behaviours and provides statistical predictions for the population-level changes that result from them. This model allows us to compare the likelihood of empirically-attested changes in definite and indefinite articles in multiple languages under different assumptions on the way in which individuals learn and use language. We find that accounts of language change that appeal primarily to errors in childhood language acquisition are very weakly supported by the historical data, whereas those that allow speakers to change incrementally across the lifespan are more plausible, particularly when combined with social network effects.

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Moulton, William G., Irmengard Rauch, and Gerald F. Carr. "Language Change." Language 61, no. 3 (September 1985): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414392.

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Bichler, Martin. "Language Change." Business & Information Systems Engineering 6, no. 6 (October 16, 2014): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12599-014-0348-y.

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Frijns, Pieter, Robert Bierwolf, and Fons van Leeuwen. "Language of Change Requires a Change of Language." IEEE Engineering Management Review 46, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2018.2839581.

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Haseebuddin Quadri, Dr Syed Mohammed. "Factors and Situations of Language Change." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2012/47.

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8

Slegers, Claudia. "Signs of change." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1005.

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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.

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Slegers, Claudia. "Signs of change." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.1.04sle.

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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.

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10

Kroch, Anthony. "Language learning and language change." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00049013.

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Lightfoot, David. "Language acquisition and language change." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 1, no. 5 (August 2, 2010): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.39.

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Crain, Stephen, Takuya Goro, and Rosalind Thornton. "Language Acquisition is Language Change." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 35, no. 1 (January 2006): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-005-9002-7.

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13

Handoko, Handoko. "Ecological Change and Language Change." Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijosh.2.1.49-57.2020.

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The current article discuss short description of language and ecology, or ecolingusitcs in regard to the language and social change. The article discuss the concept of ecolingustics and some approach to the study. Then, we discuss how the change of ecology and ecosystem affect the language, especially regarding language vitality. The paper also provide some examples of agricultural lexicon that rarely used due to the change of agricultural system. There some aspect that affect the language change, including language contact, environment change, language standardization, and the attitude of the speaker.

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Handoko, Handoko. "Ecological Change and Language Change." Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 2, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijosh.v2i1.14.

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The current article discuss short description of language and ecology, or ecolingusitcs in regard to the language and social change. The article discuss the concept of ecolingustics and some approach to the study. Then, we discuss how the change of ecology and ecosystem affect the language, especially regarding language vitality. The paper also provide some examples of agricultural lexicon that rarely used due to the change of agricultural system. There some aspect that affect the language change, including language contact, environment change, language standardization, and the attitude of the speaker.

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Handoko, Handoko. "Ecological Change and Language Change." Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 2, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijosh.v2i1.14.

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The current article discuss short description of language and ecology, or ecolingusitcs in regard to the language and social change. The article discuss the concept of ecolingustics and some approach to the study. Then, we discuss how the change of ecology and ecosystem affect the language, especially regarding language vitality. The paper also provide some examples of agricultural lexicon that rarely used due to the change of agricultural system. There some aspect that affect the language change, including language contact, environment change, language standardization, and the attitude of the speaker.

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Kholmurodova, Gulhayo. "The notion of language change and its nature." Общество и инновации 2, no. 4/S (May 20, 2021): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss4/s-pp833-837.

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Any treatment of linguistics must address the question of language change. The way languages change offers insights into the nature of language itself. Language always changes and develops either internally or externally. Internal language change occurs as a result of the behaviour of speakers in their everyday lives to adjust to each other, and followed by a tendency to innovate in groups of people who are already familiar. Then followed by other changes in sequence, ultimately make a language different. It is grammar, phonology, phrase sequences, and sentence with gender function. The change will be followed by other changes. Language change may occur in any level of a language: in pronunciation, word forms, syntax, and word meanings.

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Bahri, Syamsul, Elisa Betty Manullang, Putri Syah Nadillah Sihombing, and Kevin Enzo Eleazar. "Language Change in Social Media." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2023): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v4i3.745.

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Nowadays currently, many people are found using language that sometimes runs away from the standard or changes from the standard. They use language only based on their desires. These language changes give the impression of making readers or the public may be confused to understand the true meaning. This makes researchers interested in discussing this issue. This study will focus on the exploration of language change that occurs in social media nowadays. The authors will draw inspiration from various texts on social media. The researchers will complete the survey and the study using Internet facilities. This study was conducted qualitatively and the writers will also be observing the language change directly from the relevant social media applications. The information gathered is terminological in nature, replete with human characteristics, and based on captions from several social media platforms including Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook. Following the completion of this study, the researcher discovered that the vocabulary used by social media users to connect with one another had changed. After the researcher analyzed the data obtained, the researcher found that the semantic change was the biggest change that had been found. As much as 32% of language changes occur in social media and this illustrates that quite a lot of social media users do not use meanings that are not following their standards. Researchers also found that 10% of language changes occurred in the field of morphology. This illustrates that a few social media users result in language changes in the syntax field

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Carter, Brian S. "Change the Language." Clinical Pediatrics 60, no. 4-5 (February 25, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922821998491.

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19

Francis, W. N., and April M. S. McMahon. "Understanding Language Change." Language 71, no. 3 (September 1995): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416231.

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Calude, Andreea S., Sally Harper, Steven Miller, and Hemi Whaanga. "Detecting language change." Asia-Pacific Language Variation 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 109–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.00003.cal.

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Abstract The borrowing of words from one language into another is most likely as ancient as language itself. While ample linguistic attention has focused on various linguistic contact scenarios in which words from one language enter productive use into another, their aim has been largely restricted to documenting the words which are borrowed, their frequency, and other situation-specific information. In this paper, we propose new methods for studying loanwords, namely a combination of statistical testing techniques which can be used together to increase knowledge in this area. We illustrate these tools with a case-study of loanwords from an indigenous language (Māori) into a world dominant language (New Zealand English). Using a topic-constrained newspaper corpus in conjunction with quantitative methods, we explore the use of loanwords diachronically and analyse variation in loanword use across newspapers and across writers.

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Nevalainen, Terttu. "Language change announced?" English Today 9, no. 2 (April 1993): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400000328.

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22

Kousta, Stavroula. "Understanding language change." Nature Human Behaviour 1, no. 11 (November 2017): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0250-y.

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23

Klein, Jared S., Toril Swan, Endre Mo̵rck, Olaf Jansen Westvik, and Endre Morck. "Language Change and Language Structure: Older Germanic Languages in a Comparative Perspective." Language 72, no. 1 (March 1996): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416843.

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LaPolla, Randy J. "Language Contact and Language Change in the History of the Sinitic Languages." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2, no. 5 (2010): 6858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.05.036.

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25

Stadler, Kevin, Richard A. Blythe, Kenny Smith, and Simon Kirby. "Momentum in Language Change." Language Dynamics and Change 6, no. 2 (2016): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00602005.

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Like other socially transmitted traits, human languages undergo cultural evolution. While humans can replicate linguistic conventions to a high degree of fidelity, sometimes established conventions get replaced by new variants, with the gradual replacement following the trajectory of an s-shaped curve. Although previous modelling work suggests that only a bias favoring the replication of new linguistic variants can reliably reproduce the dynamics observed in language change, the source of this bias is still debated. In this paper we compare previous accounts with a momentum-based selection account of language change, a replicator-neutral model where the popularity of a variant is modulated by its momentum, i.e. its change in frequency of use in the recent past. We present results from a multi-agent model that are characteristic of language change, in particular by exhibiting spontaneously generated s-shaped transitions that do not require externally triggered actuation. We discuss several empirical questions raised by our model, pertaining to both momentum-based selection as well as other biases and pressures which have been suggested to influence language change.

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Abdullah, Muna Essam. "The Stages of Language Change." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 30, no. 12, 2 (December 30, 2023): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.30.12.2.2023.31.

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Language evolves naturally, adapting to societal standards, cultural influences, education levels, social dynamics, and technology. This study focuses on internal language changes by examining the historical development of specific words within their evolutionary context. Initially, changes occur in individuals' behaviors, aiming to communicate effectively. Innovative tendencies within familiar groups lead to further modifications. Eventually, distinct linguistic variations emerge, even among languages with a shared ancestry.

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Sibanda, Lovemore. "Zimbabwe Language Policy: Continuity or Radical Change?" Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 14, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20355/jcie29377.

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The Zimbabwe government introduced a new language policy in education to change the colonial language policy seven years after attaining independence. So much was expected from the postcolonial language. The use of English as the media of instruction during the colonial era was problematic. It denied Africans to describe the world in their languages. Native languages were marginalized and neglected. Africans were robbed of their self-worth and identity. It is against this background that the Zimbabwean government African states after attaining independence and sovereignty pursued an agenda of linguistic decolonization. This paper evaluates the implementation of Zimbabwe's language policy after it gained independence from Britain in 1980. We argue that despite the claim by the Zimbabwe government that it is a revolutionary government which would completely overhaul all colonial structures, institutions, and policies, the implementation of the language policy is a continuity, rather a radical change. Colonial language policy fundamentals are intact and present in the current language policy. English is still the dominant language of instruction. Indigenous languages are considered inferior and on the verge of extinction. The policy failed where it matters most—decolonizing the mind. Zimbabwe needs a sound language policy in education to shake off vestiges of a colonial legacy, and allow children to go to school in their languages to achieve the overall goal of education for all. The language policy must be developed through a broad-based consultative process with specific implementation strategies and commitment by government and non-governmental agencies for funding its implementation.

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Langensee, Lara, and Johan Mårtensson. "Change your language, change your mind?" Nordic Psychology 71, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2019.1600158.

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J, Rini Afrilesa, and Helmita Helmita. "Language Change and Social Context in Mass and Social Media." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 5, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v5i2.521.

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Wardhaugh in Chaer and Agustina distinguishes two types of language change: internal and external change. Internal changes occur from within the language itself, such as phonological, morphological, or syntactic changes. External changes occur due to outside influences, such as borrowing or absorption of vocabulary, the addition of phonemes from other languages and so on. The purpose of this research is (1) to analyse the language change that can be found in mass media and social media. (2) to analyse the social context that can be found in mass media and social media. The method used in this research is the qualitative method. The data was taken from Padang Express newspaper and Facebook. From the analysis there are so many languages change that can be found in mass and social media. Many people change the language when they used it in mass and social media.

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BACKUS, AD. "Convergence as a mechanism of language change." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, no. 2 (July 23, 2004): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728904001567.

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This issue of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition is about convergence, a type of language change that is contact-induced and results in greater similarity between two languages that are in contact with each other. In Backus (forthcoming), I have attempted an overview of contact-induced language change, focusing on causal factors, on mechanisms of change, and on the actual changes. In this conclusion, I will try to give convergence its rightful place in this general typology, referencing the contributions to this volume where appropriate.

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Joseph, Brian D. "The Editor's Department: On Change in Language and Change in Language." Language 80, no. 3 (2004): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0132.

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Fedzechkina, Maryia, Becky Chu, and T. Florian Jaeger. "Human Information Processing Shapes Language Change." Psychological Science 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617728726.

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Human languages exhibit both striking diversity and abstract commonalities. Whether these commonalities are shaped by potentially universal principles of human information processing has been of central interest in the language and psychological sciences. Research has identified one such abstract property in the domain of word order: Although sentence word-order preferences vary across languages, the superficially different orders result in short grammatical dependencies between words. Because dependencies are easier to process when they are short rather than long, these findings raise the possibility that languages are shaped by biases of human information processing. In the current study, we directly tested the hypothesized causal link. We found that learners exposed to novel miniature artificial languages that had unnecessarily long dependencies did not follow the surface preference of their native language but rather systematically restructured the input to reduce dependency lengths. These results provide direct evidence for a causal link between processing preferences in individual speakers and patterns in linguistic diversity.

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Van Assche, Eva, Wouter Duyck, Robert J. Hartsuiker, and Kevin Diependaele. "Does Bilingualism Change Native-Language Reading?" Psychological Science 20, no. 8 (August 2009): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02389.x.

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Becoming a bilingual can change a person's cognitive functioning and language processing in a number of ways. This study focused on how knowledge of a second language influences how people read sentences written in their native language. We used the cognate-facilitation effect as a marker of cross-lingual activations in both languages. Cognates (e.g., Dutch-English schip [ship]) and controls were presented in a sentence context, and eye movements were monitored. Results showed faster reading times for cognates than for controls. Thus, this study shows that one of people's most automated skills, reading in one's native language, is changed by the knowledge of a second language.

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Butters, Ronald R. "Chance as Cause of Language Variation and Change." Journal of English Linguistics 29, no. 3 (September 2001): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00754240122005332.

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Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M. "14. SOCIAL CHANGE AND LANGUAGE SHIFT: SOUTH AFRICA." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 23 (March 2003): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190503000291.

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Studies of social change and language maintenance and shift have tended to focus on minority immigrant languages (e.g., Fishman, 1991; Gal, 1979; Milroy, 2001; Stoessel, 2002). Very little is known about language shift from a demographically dominant language to a minority but economically dominant one (e.g., Bowerman, 2000; de Klerk, 2000; Kamwangamalu, 2001, 2002a,b, & in press; Reagan, 2001). This chapter contributes to such research by looking at the current language shift from majority African languages such as Sotho, Xhosa, and Zulu to English in South Africa. In particular, it examines to what extent the sociopolitical changes that have taken place in South Africa (i.e., the demise of apartheid and its attendant structures) have impacted everyday linguistic interaction and have contributed to language shift from the indigenous African languages to English, especially in urban Black communities. It argues that a number of factors, among them the economic value and international status of English, the perceived lower status of the indigenous African languages, the legacy of apartheid-based Bantu education, the new multilingual language policy, the linguistic behaviors of language policy makers, etc., interact in complex ways to accelerate language shift in urban Black communities. In conclusion, the chapter explores ways in which the observed language shift can be curbed to prevent what Skutnabb-Kangas (2000) has termed “linguistic genocide,” particularly in a country that has a well-documented history of this phenomenon (Lanham, 1978; Prabhakaran, 1998).

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Amiridze, Nino. "Languages of the Caucasus and contact-induced language change." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0007.

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Dietrich, Wolf, and Sebastian Drude. "Variation in Tupi languages: Genealogy, language change, and typology." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10, no. 2 (August 2015): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-81222015000200002.

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N., N. "Papers on language change and language acquisition." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 15 (January 1, 2000): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.15.2000.18.

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This volume contains papers on language change and language acquisition. The acquisition papers and some of the language change papers are from ZAS staff. The others were by guest talks especially from the yearly meeting 'Historische Linguistik und Grammatiktheorien' held on December 3 and 4, 1998 with the special theme 'Komplexe Wörter und einfache Phrasen.'

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Šabec, Nada. "Slovene-English Language Contact and Language Change." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 8, no. 1 (May 14, 2011): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.8.1.31-49.

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The paper focuses on Slovene - English language contact and the potential language change resulting from it. Both the immigrant context (the U.S. and Canada) and Slovenia, where direct and indirect language contact can be observed respectively, are examined from two perspectives: social on the one hand and linguistic on the other. In the case of Slovene Americans and Canadians the emphasis is on language maintenance and shift, and on the relationship between mother tongue preservation and ethnic awareness. The linguistic section examines different types of bilingual discourse (borrowing, code switching), showing how the Slovene inflectional system in particular is being increasingly generalized, simplified and reduced, and how Slovene word order is gradually beginning to resemble that of English. In the case of Slovenia we are witnessing an unprecedented surge in the influence of English on Slovene, especially in the media (both classic and electronic), advertising, science, and the language of the young. This influence will be discussed on a number of levels, such as lexical, syntactic and intercultural, and illustrated by relevant examples.

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Gessinger, Joachim. "Language variation, language change and perceptual dialectology." Multilingua - Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 29, no. 3-4 (January 2010): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mult.2010.018.

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Lightfoot, David, and Marit Westergaard. "Language Acquisition and Language Change: Inter-relationships." Language and Linguistics Compass 1, no. 5 (September 2007): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00023.x.

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NAKANO, HIROZO. "Why and How Do Languages Change? (R. Hickery (ed.), Motives for Language Change)." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 23, no. 1 (2006): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.23.137.

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Brook, Marisa, and Emily Blamire. "Language play is language variation: Quantitative evidence and what it implies about language change." Language 99, no. 3 (September 2023): 491–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907010.

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Abstract: This article argues that language play is intimately related to linguistic variation and change. Using two corpora of online present-day English, we investigate playful conversion of adjectives into abstract nouns (e.g. made of awesome ∅), uncovering consistent rule-governed patterning in the grammatical constraints in spite of this option stemming from deliberate subversion of standard overt suffixation. Building on Haspelmath's (1999) notion of 'extravagance' as one of the keys to language change, we account for the systematic patterning of deliberate linguistic subversion by appealing to tension between the need to stand out and the need to remain intelligible. While we do not claim that language play is the only cause of linguistic change, our findings position language play as a constant source of new linguistic variants in very large numbers, a small proportion of which endure as changes. Our conclusion is that language play goes a long way toward accounting for linguistic innovations—with respect to where they come from and why languages change at all.

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Fontana, Sabina, Serena Corazza, Penny Boyes Braem, and Virginia Volterra. "Language research and language community change: Italian Sign Language 1981–2013." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015, no. 236 (January 1, 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2015-0019.

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AbstractBy providing evidence that sign language is an autonomous language, research has contributed to various changes both within and beyond the signing communities. The aim of this article is to show an example of how sign language change is driven not only by language internal factors but also by changes in language perception, as well as in the changing groups of users and the contexts of use. Drawing from data collected at a sign language research centre in Italy on Italian Sign Language during a time span of over thirty years, the present study will show how language research was a major impetus for a new linguistic awareness and changes in language attitude has influenced new linguistic practices and has forced Italian signers to think about rules governing the use of their language.

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Thomason, Sarah. "Language Contact and Deliberate Change." Journal of Language Contact 1, no. 1 (2007): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000007792548387.

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AbstractThis paper explores the process of "negotiation", whereby speakers of two or more languages converge on a partially or entirely shared linguistic system. This process is surely unconscious in many or most instances, but sometimes speakers are aware of what they are doing as they "negotiate" the linguistic outcome of language contact. I provide evidence for the latter assertion, and discuss the difficulties inherent in any attempt to generalize about conscious vs. unconscious negotiation. I also contrast the process of negotiation with some other views of linguistic convergence. Finally, summarizing previous results, I argue that the existence of deliberate contact-induced (and other) linguistic change vitiates all efforts to achieve a deterministic predictive theory of contact-induced language change.

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V, Preetha P. "An Alternative Language Pedagogy in Online Classroom Language Learning." Journal of the faculty of Education 1, no. 17 (January 23, 2023): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.60037/edu.v1i17.1187.

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There is nothing that is devoid of change. Changes in the educational scenario with the upheveal of the pandemic have been quite of a storm. A classroom transaction earlier used to be a closed intimate framework, where it was practically impossible for anyone other than the teacher and the students to be present. That structure has changed in totality with the advent of digital sessions. From a preschool learner to the postgraduates in colleges, all have been transformed into virtual learners. The changeover has been too sudden that the entire school fraternity has been battling hard to arm themselves with the virtual reality devices they were previously alien too. This paper is an attempt to look into the various facets of online language teaching of learners in higher secondary classes. Augmented reality, virtual reality, online tools, videos and google classrooms have taken over the erstwhile classroom mode and it is with apprehension that we look into how the learners have welcomed this abrupt change. If the need of the hour is an alternative language pedagogy, then the language teachers are to fall in place for the change too.

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Coupland, Nikolas. "Language change, social change, sociolinguistic change: A meta-commentary." Journal of Sociolinguistics 18, no. 2 (April 2014): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josl.12077.

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Ivanova, Natal'Ia. "A Change of Language." Soviet Studies in Literature 26, no. 4 (October 1990): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsl1061-1975260419.

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von Mengden, Ferdinand, and Anneliese Kuhle. "Recontextualization and language change." Folia Linguistica 54, s41-s1 (December 1, 2020): 253–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2020-0008.

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Abstract:

Abstract This paper introduces the concept of ‘recontextualization’ and its benefit for the study of language change. ‘Recontextualization’ refers to the use of familiar material, such as tools or gestures, which extend the body in variable contexts of behaviour. The concept is related to notions already established in other fields, such as primatology and anthropology. We claim that these parallels are meaningful as they represent an overarching principle which underlies the emergence of linguistic structures but which also connects linguistic usage with other types of behaviour and interaction. We thereby argue against notions of context-independent form-meaning pairings in language, which require assumptions like innovation or reanalysis as mechanisms of usage and, ultimately, change. In this sense, we concur with usage-based approaches that define the linguistic expression as inherently vague, underspecified and variable. But we further argue that the emergence and, as a consequence, the empirically observable properties of any linguistic structure are to be accounted for by speakers using the same material in novel contexts or situations. Any such ‘recontextualization’ then creates, in turn, new options for the re-use of a linguistic construction. The underlying categorizations, which typically form part of the linguistic descriptions, pertain to the reality of the observer (the linguist) and not primarily to that of the speaker.

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Wilson, B. "Forced change of language." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 100, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.100.2.64-b.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Language change'

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