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Journal articles on the topic 'Language dictionary'
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Sosnowski, Wojciech Paweł, and Violetta Koseska-Toszewa. "Multilingualism and Dictionaries." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 15 (December 31, 2015): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2015.004.
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Multilingualism and DictionariesThe Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary that we (Wojciech Sosnowski, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa and Anna Kisiel) are currently developing has no precedent as far as its theoretical foundations and its structure are concerned. The dictionary offers a unique combination of three Slavic languages that belong to three different groups: a West Slavic language (Polish), a South Slavic language (Bulgarian) and an East Slavic language (Russian). The dictionary describes semantic and syntactic equivalents of words between the languages. When completed, the dictionary will contain around 30,000 entries. The principle we build the dictionary on is that every language should be given equal status. Many of our data come from the Parallel Polish-Bulgarian-Russian corpus developed by us as part of the CLARIN-PL initiative. In the print version, the entries come in the order of the Cyrillic alphabet and they are not numbered (except for homonyms, which are disambiguated with Roman numbers). We selected the lemmas for the dictionary on the basis of their frequency in the corpus. Our dictionary is the first dictionary to include forms of address and most recent neologisms in the three languages. Faithful to the recent developments in contrastive linguistics, we begin with a form from the dictionary’s primary language and we define it in Polish. Subsequently, based on this definition, we try to find an equivalent in the second and the third language. Therefore, the meaning comes first and only then we look for the form (i.e. the equivalent) that corresponds to this meaning. This principle, outlined in Gramatyka konfrontatywna języków polskiego i bułgarskiego (GKBP), allows us to treat data from multiple languages as equal. In the dictionary, we draw attention to the correct choice of equivalents in translation; we also provide categorisers that indicate the meaning of verbal tenses and aspects. The definitions of states, events and their different configurations follow those outlined in the net model of verbal tense and aspect. The transitive vs. intransitive categorisers are vital for the languages in question, since they belong to two different types: synthetic (Bulgarian) and analytic (Polish and Russian). We predict that the equal status of every language in the dictionary will facilitate easier and faster development of an electronic version in the future.
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Green, Jonathon. "Language: Dictionary wars." Critical Quarterly 41, no. 1 (April 1999): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00215.
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Konkina, N. "Associative text field of spatial limit (on the material of the “Dostoevsky Language Dictionary”)." Rhema, no. 1, 2019 (2019): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2019-1-20-35.
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The paper offers the textual associative field reconstruction method using the “Dostoyevsky Language Dictionary”. The logic of modelling the textual associative field of spatial border is applied to the Dictionary’s data. The idioglosses described in the paper are included in the same symbolic paradigm so the more detailed symbolic meaning description is possible by comparing the contexts of their use. Besides, the comparison of “Dostoyevsky Language Dictionary” and “Russian Associative Dictionary” data allows finding some peculiarities of the words with the spatial border meaning functioning in Russian linguistic world-image.
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Ivanishcheva, Olga Nikolajevna. "Dictionaries of Critically Endangered Languages: Focus on Users." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2016-0012.
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Abstract The article describes specific features of dictionaries of endangered languages from the perspective of their user. Dictionaries of the Saami language – the language of the indigenous minority of the North – are used to describe the anthropocentric, cognitive and pragmatic approach to lexicographical description of culture. The article shows that the focus on the dictionary user becomes especially critical for the endangered languages. It proves that the purpose of such dictionaries is not only to preserve the knowledge that the speakers of the endangered language and bearers of the culture still keep, but also to revitalize this knowledge. The article states that contemporary lexicography must consider several factors for making an endangered language dictionary: the present state of the language in the language community and the scope of background knowledge of a language speaker that represents everyday level of the world cognition by indigenous minority. The article shows that the most relevant type of dictionary for the endangered languages is both a learner’s dictionary and a linguoculturological dictionary (active type). We emphasize that on the one hand the Saami dictionaries describe a culture that is often unknown even to most Saami culture bearers and on the other hand, the dictionaries are also intended for Saami who have no command of the native language. The peculiarities of the relevant dictionary comprise the fact that alongside the translation in the basic part of the dictionary there is a culturological commentary that as fully as possible reflects the knowledge of language speakers.
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Sabrina Kh., Shikhalieva. "Review to the “Kryz-Azerbaijani-English Dictionary”." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 1 (February 2021): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-1-185-187.
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In February 2020, a unique publication came out under the title “Kryz-Azerbaijani-English dictionary”, prepared by I. A. Gummetov and M. Rind-Pavlovsky. The publication was presented on February 8, 2020 in the Khachmas ethnographic Museum in Azerbaijan with the invitation of the Kryz intelligence and representatives of the Khachmas city hall. Employees of the Tsadasa Institute of language, literature and art of the Russian Academy of Sciences were also invited to the presentation of the dictionary in Azerbaijan. The present dictionary is exceptional in its originality and completeness as far as the various lexical units are concerned from the point of their description and specification. The Kryz language is one of the non-written Lezgian languages of the Nakh-Dagestan language family. The Kryz language is used in the household sphere. The reviewed book with a description of the Kryz language lexemes consists of an introduction, two chapters, a list of abbreviations, and an Appendix. The description of the Kryz language lexemes is confirmed by thematic indexes from the Azerbaijani and English languages. The dictionary entry includes grammatical and stylistic characteristics of the three languages. In general, the dictionary is characterized by a consistent description of both the vocabulary and toponymy of the non-written language. Keywords: the Kryz language, I. A. Gummetov, M. Rind-Pavlovsky, dictionary, description of lexemes
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Jankowiak, Lucyna Agnieszka, and Elżbieta Kędelska. "Adama Stanisława Krasińskiego zapomniany Słownik synonimów polskich i jego poprzednicy." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 (September 25, 2015): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2012.002.
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On Adam Stanisław Krasiński’s forgotten Słownik synonimów polskich and its predecessorsThe paper consists of two parts. The first one covers characteristics of dictionaries (dated from XVIth to XIXth century), groups of synonyms regarding mainly the Latin (e.g. Gradus ad Parnassum), which also include equivalents of national languages (especially the Calagius three-language dictionary was examined and Czech-Latin dictionaries of synonyms dated XVIth century). The second part of the paper is a discussion over methodology of the first Slavic dictionary of synonyms (Słownik synonimów polskich [Dictionary of Polish Synonyms]) by A. S. Krasiński. Not-elaborated in details so far (in the subject-matter literature) the dictionary combines a few types of dictionaries (apart from the dictionary of synonyms): general dictionary of Polish language, dictionary of phrasal verbs, language correctness dictionary, book of quotations and proverbs and translational dictionary.
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Galafa, Beaton, Madalitso Mulingo, and Mtende Wezi Nthara. "A Review of the Oxford Chichewa-English/English-Chichewa Dictionary by Steven Paas." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 1, no. 1 (January 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.2019010106.
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This article reviews the Oxford Chichewa-English/English-Chichewa Dictionary compiled by Steven Paas, published in 2016 by Oxford University Press in Cape Town. Upon a review of the dictionary, a number of issues arise. The dictionary's significance rests in its use as reference material for language learners, its semantic precision and the relevance with which translation and other disciplines treat it. Regardless of its wide coverage of the Chichewa and English lexicons, the dictionary has a number of flaws which are misleading and confusing for the dictionary's users. Such errors include ambiguity over dictionary type, inclusion of proper nouns as lexical entries, lack of detailed grammatical information and silence on morphological typology among others. This paper, therefore, concludes that the dictionary leaves a lot to be desired and recommends that the next edition of the dictionary take into account the highlighted issues.
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Islam, Saiful, and Bipul Purkayastha. "A Review on Electronic Dictionary and Machine Translation System Developed in North-East India." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 10, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst/10.02.25.
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Electronic Dictionary and Machine Translation system are both the most important language learning tools to achieve the knowledge about the known and unknown natural languages. The natural languages are the most important aspect in human life for communication. Therefore, these two tools are very important and frequently used in human daily life. The Electronic Dictionary (E-dictionary) and Machine Translation (MT) systems are specially very helpful for students, research scholars, teachers, travellers and businessman. The E-dictionary and MT are very important applications and research tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). The demand of research task in E-dictionary and MT system are growing in the world as well as in India. North-East (NE) is a very popular and multilingual region of India. Even then, a small number of E-dictionary and MT system have been developed for NE languages. Through this paper, we want to elaborate about the importance, approaches and features of E-dictionary and MT system. This paper also tries to review about the existing E-dictionary and MT system which are developed for NE languages in NE India.
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Nguyen, Dong, Barbara McGillivray, and Taha Yasseri. "Emo, love and god: making sense of Urban Dictionary, a crowd-sourced online dictionary." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 172320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172320.
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The Internet facilitates large-scale collaborative projects and the emergence of Web 2.0 platforms, where producers and consumers of content unify, has drastically changed the information market. On the one hand, the promise of the ‘wisdom of the crowd’ has inspired successful projects such as Wikipedia, which has become the primary source of crowd-based information in many languages. On the other hand, the decentralized and often unmonitored environment of such projects may make them susceptible to low-quality content. In this work, we focus on Urban Dictionary, a crowd-sourced online dictionary. We combine computational methods with qualitative annotation and shed light on the overall features of Urban Dictionary in terms of growth, coverage and types of content. We measure a high presence of opinion-focused entries, as opposed to the meaning-focused entries that we expect from traditional dictionaries. Furthermore, Urban Dictionary covers many informal, unfamiliar words as well as proper nouns. Urban Dictionary also contains offensive content, but highly offensive content tends to receive lower scores through the dictionary’s voting system. The low threshold to include new material in Urban Dictionary enables quick recording of new words and new meanings, but the resulting heterogeneous content can pose challenges in using Urban Dictionary as a source to study language innovation.
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Davlatova, S. "Official Words in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and Their Relationship With the Modern Kyrgyz Language." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/65/61.
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The relevance of the research: defining the role of the modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and defining the development process of the Kyrgyz language. Purpose of the research: to analyze the types of official words in the written monument of the XI century in the dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari by types, to compare the facts with the modern Kyrgyz language and determine the level of their use. The object of the research is M. Kashkari’s dictionaries translated into the Kyrgyz language. The research was carried out using the historical-comparative method. The vocabulary of the dictionary has been studied in comparison with the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language. In some cases, facts from related languages were also used. As a result, the words in the M. Kashgari dictionary are divided into the following types: particles, after words, conjunctions, modal words. In addition, the level of use of official words in the dictionary of the modern Kyrgyz language was determined: words that occur in the dictionary and are used in the modern Kyrgyz language without semantic and phonetic changes: köp kök – kөpkөk, sap sarɪğ — yellow, qup–kup, çulq–chylk, ҫaq – dal, chak, üçün — for, etc.; service words used in the case of phonetic change: ҫɪm-chylk, la — yes, taky — one more, shu — chu, ärdi — so, birlän — with someone (something), yana — and so on; unused service words by their appearance in the dictionary: uș — exactly like, yama — yes, — yes, isrä — then, son, ärinç — maybe etc. Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari contains information about the history of the Kyrgyz language, historical lexicology, comparative study of the official words of the Turkic languages.
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Whittaker, Simon. "The Language or Languages of Consumer Contracts." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 8 (2006): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802731205.
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Does european community law make any requirement as to the language in which the terms of consumer contracts are to be expressed?At the outset, I need to explain that the significance of this question (and its answer) will differ according to what is meant by the word ‘language’ itself. A first meaning is found where one refers to English, French, or Chinese as a ‘language’, that is, to quote the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘a system of communication used by a particular country or community’. A second meaning of ‘language’, again as explained by the Oxford English Dictionary, refers to ‘the manner or style of a piece of writing or speech’; so, for example, one may describe a piece of prose as being written in simple or elaborate, verbose or laconic, language. To avoid confusion in the following discussion, I shall refer to these two different significances as ‘language type’ and ‘language style’.
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Whittaker, Simon. "The Language or Languages of Consumer Contracts." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 8 (2006): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000004729.
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Does european community law make any requirement as to the language in which the terms of consumer contracts are to be expressed? At the outset, I need to explain that the significance of this question (and its answer) will differ according to what is meant by the word ‘language’ itself. A first meaning is found where one refers to English, French, or Chinese as a ‘language’, that is, to quote the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘a system of communication used by a particular country or community’. A second meaning of ‘language’, again as explained by the Oxford English Dictionary, refers to ‘the manner or style of a piece of writing or speech’; so, for example, one may describe a piece of prose as being written in simple or elaborate, verbose or laconic, language. To avoid confusion in the following discussion, I shall refer to these two different significances as ‘language type’ and ‘language style’.
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Dzhusupov, Mahanbet. "EURASIAN MULTILINGUAL AREA: PRESENTATION OF WORD0TERM “LUGAT” IN DICTIONARIES OF TURKIC LANGUAGES (KAZAKH, UZBEK)." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-1-167-176.
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This paper deals with the problem of interlingual and intercultural interrelations of the Turkic world of Eurasia with other lingual and cultural national entities. Issue of such interrelations is based on the analysis of lexeme ‘dictionary’, which was borrowed from the Arabic language on the material of the content of its definition in explanatory dictionaries of the Kazakh (лұғат) and Uzbek (луғат) languages. Term lugat (лұғат) means the same in the Kazakh and Uzbek languages, but it is presented differently in the explanatory dictionaries. Meanings of lexeme ‘dictionary’ are presented in more quantity in the Uzbek dictionary, than they are in the Kazakh dictionary. There are also presented word-terms, which were formed from the lexeme lugat by suffixation (луғатчи (lugatchi), луғатшунос (lugatshunos), луғатшунослик (lugatshunoslik), which form synonymic rows with the terms lexicographer, lexicography. Words лұғатшы (lugatshy), лұғатшылык (lugatshylyk) aren’t presented as independent dictionary entries in the Kazakh dictionary. Given words exist in lexis of the Kazakh language, but their usage is rare in the speech of linguists. These lexemes are stylistically colored units in the Uzbek language. Lexeme lugat is marked as literary in the Kazakh dictionary. Lexeme lugat hasn’t dictionary mark “literary” in the Uzbek dictionary, i.e. the word is characterized with neutral stylistic nuance. Borrowed word, which was became a heritage of the Kazakh and Uzbek languages, kept its original semantics, but it acquired new meanings, which were created by word-formative models of the two languages. It became one of the reasons of appearance of essential distinctions in the content of their presentation in explanatory dictionaries of two Turkic recipiented languages.
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Samoilova, Iryna. "Dictionary of the author’s language as a basis for compiling a general language explanatory dictionary." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.03.092.
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The article discusses the possibility of using author’s dictionaries as sources for replenishing the general language explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language. By the beginning of the 20th century, Ukrainian author’s lexicography acquired clear features of a separate vocabulary direction. Index words, concordances, complete and differential dictionaries, monolingual and bilingual have been published. In addition to dictionaries in a book format, electronic dictionaries, online dictionaries are now being created. Оne of the tasks of the writer’s dictionary is to describe the individual characteristics of the author’s language, in a broader sense, to popularize the linguistic personality. On the other hand, the material from the author’s dictionary serves as a factual basis for updating the register, semantic, stylistic characteristics, illustrative material of general language explanatory dictionaries. A number of researchers emphasize the need for a close relationship between explanatory lexicography and the author’s one for the successful development of national vocabulary work. “Dictionary of the language in Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko’s works” in 3 volumes occupies a special place among the author’s dictionaries for such characteristics as structure, volume. It includes all words, phraseology contained in a six-volume edition of the writer’s works, in other publications, in archival works. Kvitka-Osnovianenko is the founder of the prose genre in Ukrainian literature. As evidenced by the materials of the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” in 11 vol., its compilers turned to Kvitka-Osnovianenko’s works to fill in the vocabulary zones. Nevertheless, the materials of the “Dictionary of the language in Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko’s works” contain language units that may be of interest to compilers of large explanatory dictionaries. These are deminitives that are characteristic of the language of many genres of Ukrainian literature, as well as phraseological units. An example of the author’s non-fiction lexicography is the dictionary of the language of the publicist I.M. Dziuba, which is currently being developed. In Soviet times, the works of a well-known literary critic and publicist were not used as literary sources for the selection of words or illustrative material in explanatory lexicography. The materials of the language dictionary of I.M. Dziuba represent a significant resource for replenishing the vocabulary of the explanatory dictionary, for filling in the structural zones of the dictionary entry. The presented specific examples of word usage by the two authors correspond to lexical, word-formation norms. Further scientific and lexicological study of such linguistic facts will show the possibility of their involvement in explanatory lexicography. Keywords: author’s lexicography, general language explanatory dictionary, vocabulary register, H.F. Kvitka-Osnovianenko, language of works by I.M. Dziuba.
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Nesi, Hilary. "Dictionary use by English language learners." Language Teaching 47, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000402.
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Research into dictionary use does not have a long history. Although publishers recognised in the 1960s that ‘dictionaries should be designed with a special set of users in mind’ (Householder 1967: 279) there were extremely few empirical user studies before the 1980s – Welker's most recent survey (2010) lists only six. The subsequent surge of interest in this field was fuelled by big changes to dictionary content and design in the 1980s and 1990s, changes that were particularly evident in dictionaries for learners of English as a foreign language, conventionally known as ‘learners’ dictionaries’. In the space of a few years the Oxford advanced learner's dictionary, generally considered to be the earliest advanced learners’ dictionary (first published under a different title in 1942, with subsequent editions in 1948, 1963, 1974 and 1989) was joined by two new competitors: the Longman dictionary of contemporary English (first edition 1978, second edition 1987) and the COBUILD English dictionary (1987). In 1995 all three of these advanced learners’ dictionaries brought out new editions, and a fourth, the Cambridge international dictionary of English, was launched. These dictionaries, sometimes referred to as ‘the big four’ (Bogaards 1996, De Schryver 2012 and others), drew on Eastern European traditions of lexical description, the illustrative practices of American children's dictionaries, and insights from English language teaching pedagogies. Each had its own distinctive layout and defining style, prompting a spate of comparative studies intended to help users make appropriate purchasing choices, and to help publishers improve their design still further, for example by changes to the entry microstructure. A fifth such dictionary, the Macmillan English dictionary for advanced learners, appeared in 2002.
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Gabrovšek, Dušan. "The Bilingual Usage Dictionary." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 17, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.17.2.47-59.
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The paper highlights the dictionary of English usage as a type of specialized language dictionary. Such dictionaries have been created in either the time-honored prescriptivist tradition or the more recent descriptivist one. Virtually all dictionaries of English usage are monolingual, i.e. all-English. While most dictionaries of English usage have been designed for native speakers of English, there are also a few notable works made particularly for non-native speakers of the language. The main part of the paper is devoted to the suggestion and formulation of guidelines for creating a bilingual, specifically English/Slovene encoding-oriented usage dictionary as a useful, reliable, varied, and user-friendly work of reference intended primarily for advanced-level Slovene speakers of English. The dictionary offers some features that are uncommon in today’s dictionaries, especially the use of both languages in many entries, and some entries challenging the user to find the solution to the language problem listed for themselves. The final section presents 20 selected entries from the envisioned usage dictionary.
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SOONKLANG, TASANAWAN, ROBERT I. DAMPER, and YANNICK MARCHAND. "Multilingual pronunciation by analogy." Natural Language Engineering 14, no. 4 (October 2008): 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324908004737.
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AbstractAutomatic pronunciation of unknown words (i.e., those not in the system dictionary) is a difficult problem in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. Currently, many data-driven approaches have been applied to the problem, as a backup strategy for those cases where dictionary matching fails. The difficulty of the problem depends on the complexity of spelling-to-sound mappings according to the particular writing system of the language. Hence, the degree of success achieved varies widely across languages but also across dictionaries, even for the same language with the same method. Further, the sizes of the training and test sets are an important consideration in data-driven approaches. In this paper, we study the variation of letter-to-phoneme transcription accuracy across seven European languages with twelve different lexicons. We also study the relationship between the size of dictionary and the accuracy obtained. The largest dictionaries of each language have been partitioned into ten approximately equal-sized subsets and combined to give ten different-sized test sets. In view of its superior performance in previous work, the transcription method used is pronunciation by analogy (PbA). Best results are obtained for Spanish, generally believed to have a very regular (‘shallow’) orthography, and poorest results for English, a language whose irregular spelling system is legendary. For those languages for which multiple dictionaries were available (i.e., French and English), results were found to vary across dictionaries. For the relationship between dictionary size and transcription accuracy, we find that as dictionary size grows, so performance grows monotonically. However, the performance gain decelerates (tends to saturate) as the dictionary increases in size; the relation can simply be described by a logarithmic regression, one parameter of which (α) can be taken as quantifying the depth of orthography of a language. We find that α for a language is significantly correlated with transcription performance on a small dictionary (approximately 10,000 words) for that language, but less so for asymptotic performance. This may be because our measure of asymptotic performance is unreliable, being extrapolated from the fitted logarithmic regression.
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Żmigrodzki, Piotr. "U początków polskiej ortoleksykografii. Słownik ortograficzny Antoniego Jerzykowskiego." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 20 (2020): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2020.20.26.
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This article is dedicated to characteristics of the contents, micro- and macro-structure of the first, independent spelling dictionary of the Polish language, prepared by Antoni Jerzykowski and published in Poznań in 1885. Apart from meta-lexicographic matters, also the views of the dictionary’s author were presented on selected points of dispute in the Polish spelling of the late 19th century and the methods of their realisation in dictionary entries. The analysis demonstrated that in terms of structure and informative contents, the dictionary does not differ significantly from numerous spelling dictionaries published in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, the characteristic feature of which was enriching pure spelling information with the content from other areas of grammar and language correctness.
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Nkomo, Dion. "Dictionary culture in African language communities: research, development, challenges and prospects." Lexicographica 36, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2020-0002.
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AbstractThis paper reflects on aspects of dictionary culture in African language communities. It demonstrates how weak lexicographic traditions in African languages and present pedagogical practices in the public schooling system of African countries militate against the establishment of a thriving dictionary culture. This is against the gains made from the 1990s when the production of mother-tongue dictionaries gained traction in African languages and some efforts to provide for the integration of dictionary pedagogy in schools. The unavailability of dictionaries and the exclusion of dictionary pedagogy are identified as major challenges. The paper thus reiterates the need for the empowerment of teachers through formal training and also for the collaboration between lexicographers and other stakeholders as long-term solutions to the identified challenges.
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Millus, Donald J., and Charles Edelman. "Shakespeare's Military Language: A Dictionary." Sixteenth Century Journal 33, no. 2 (2002): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4143921.
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Mosa, AbdulWahab. "development of Kurdish language dictionary." Humanities Journal of University of Zakho 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26436/2013.1.2.344.
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Goodwin, Shawn Virgil. "Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language." Theological Librarianship 13, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v13i1.556.
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Sheppard, P. "Shakespeare's Military Language: A Dictionary." Notes and Queries 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/49.2.280.
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Sheppard, Philippa. "Shakespeare's Military Language: A Dictionary." Notes and Queries 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/490280.
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Standop, Ewald. "Collins COBUILD English language dictionary." System 16, no. 3 (January 1988): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(88)90082-6.
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Jacobson, Steven A. "History of the Naukan Yupik Eskimo dictionary with implications for a future Siberian Yupik dictionary." Études/Inuit/Studies 29, no. 1-2 (November 13, 2006): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013937ar.
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Abstract Naukan is a Yupik Eskimo language spoken now by only a few people on the Russian side of the Bering Strait, but with strong Alaskan affinities. Naukan speaker Dobrieva of Lavrentiya, linguist Golovko of St. Petersburg, and linguists Jacobson and Krauss of Fairbanks have compiled a Naukan dictionary in two parallel volumes: Naukan in a latin-letter orthography to English, and Naukan in the modified Cyrillic alphabet used for Chukotkan Eskimo languages to Russian. It was both appropriate and beneficial that this project involved people from Alaska, European Russia, and Chukotka. The dictionary was recently published by the Alaska Native Language Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Naukan dictionary in two parallel volumes can serve as a model for a new dictionary of (Central) Siberian Yupik, a language spoken, at least ancestrally, by roughly equal numbers on St. Lawrence Island Alaska and in the New Chaplino-Sirenik area of Chukotka, Russia. Such a dictionary could help to reinvigorate that language and allow it better to serve as a bridge between the two halves of a single people and culture divided only in recent decades by a boundary not of their own making.
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Mati, Diellza Nagavci, Mentor Hamiti, Arsim Susuri, Besnik Selimi, and Jaumin Ajdari. "Building Dictionaries for Low Resource Languages: Challenges of Unsupervised Learning." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2021.03.005.
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The development of natural language processing resources for Albanian has grown steadily in recent years. This paper presents research conducted on unsupervised learning-the challenges associated with building a dictionary for the Albanian language and creating part-of-speech tagging models. The majority of languages have their own dictionary, but languages with low resources suffer from a lack of resources. It facilitates the sharing of information and services for users and whole communities through natural language processing. The experimentation corpora for the Albanian language includes 250K sentences from different disciplines, with a proposal for a part-of-speech tagging tag set that can adequately represent the underlying linguistic phenomena. Contributing to the development of Albanian is the purpose of this paper. The results of experiments with the Albanian language corpus revealed that its use of articles and pronouns resembles that of more high-resource languages. According to this study, the total expected frequency as a means for correctly tagging words has been proven effective for populating the Albanian language dictionary.
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Bulatova, Nadezhda Ya, and Olga N. Morozova. "GOALS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMPILING SOUND EVENKI-RUSSIAN-ENGLISH SUBJECT DICTIONARY." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2017_3_4_5_12.
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The project of audio subject dictionary is worked out on the material of the endangered Selemdzha Evenki language. The project is aimed at the solution of the global problem of saving, surviving and researching of languages of minor peoples of Russia. The lexical material of the dictionary is divided on topics, e.g. «Natural phenomena», «Hunting», «Dwelling» etc. The dictionary contains about 2600 audiofiles in CD attached to the book. Words are pronounced by dictors with Evenki apical articulation. This electronic format of audio dictionary will hâve a positive influence on the development of motivation and interest of young Evenks in order to leam their native language.
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Cote González, Margarita, and Cristina Tejedor Martínez. "The effect of dictionary training in the teaching of English as a foreign language." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 24 (November 15, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2011.24.02.
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The process of teaching any subject involves the use of all resources available to achieve efficient/effective result. When dealing with teaching foreign languages, we have noticed that such a traditional and apparently well-known tool as a dictionary is not so well-known nor used efficiently by students. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the dictionary should play an important role in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, we have carried out a research in our classroom in order to check that if students work systematically with the dictionary, they will improve not only their dictionary skills, but also their L2 skills mainly in writing, reading comprehension and vocabulary. The research was done at two different levels during a whole academic year focusing on dictionary training and dictionary activities. Our work showed quite interesting outcomes: (a) students were aware of the usefulness of dictionaries because they learnt that dictionaries helped them; (b) students’ confidence to face activities increased; (c) students improved their language use and knowledge; and (d) they really enjoyed the tasks. As a general conclusion we can state that with better dictionary use students acquire autonomous learning strategies for learning a foreign language.
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Bieliauskas, Linas A. "Standard Language and a Work in Progress." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 1 (January 2002): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702211145.
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Compiling a dictionary is a formidable undertaking. Noah Webster published the first American dictionary in 1806 and immediately set about revising it to his formidable An American Dictionary of the English Language published 22 years later in 1828. The next revision appeared in 1840. These timelines provide some estimate of the effort involved in such an undertaking.
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Sviķe, Silga. "Mobile apps as language-learning tools." AILA Review 34, no. 1 (September 9, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.20006.svi.
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Abstract This contribution researches various translation dictionaries – mobile apps with Latvian that are available for free on the Google Play Store and sets out the experience of developing specialised translation dictionaries at Ventspils University of Applied Sciences (VUAS). The results encounter three different dictionary models that are compiled for the acquisition of Languages for Special Purposes (LSPs) to support vocabulary (term) learning, translation, reading, listening and writing skills during the foreign language-learning process. Dictionaries with grammatical information and rich, supportive data or encyclopaedic information added are more useful for understanding specific domain concepts and content, as well as for the translation practice. Thus, the dictionary user does not have to look for another application or other source to get this additional information. Each new app takes up some space on the user’s smart device; therefore, it is important to maximise the support provided by a single dictionary. The research provides insight into the range of dictionaries with Latvian available on the Google Play Store, gives a brief description, and explains the practical experience of VUAS when working on developing such dictionaries and applying them for language-learning purposes and specialised terminology courses for students. The study also provides an overview of challenges, problems and lexicographic and information technology solutions for mobile applications. The goal of the research is analysing and characterising those free-of-charge dictionaries in the form of mobile apps with Latvian as one of the translation languages. Surveys were used to gather and analyse research data. A survey of dictionary users and a survey of language learners using dictionary apps were carried out after the development of the specialised dictionaries.
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ZHUSSUPOVA, B. T., D. ZH ALIPPAYEVA, and S. A. KUDUBAYEVA. "Dictionaries of the kazakh language as the basis of semantic analysis in the system of computer sign language translation." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 4, no. 78 (January 10, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.34.
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his article discusses the development of a semantic dictionary of the Kazakh language for a computer translation system from Kazakh to Kazakh sign language, which will take into account the semantics of the Kazakh language and the Kazakh sign language. The semantic dictionary of the Kazakh language serves as the basis of computer translation technology from the Kazakh language to the Kazakh sign language. In the future, it will allow semantic analysis of the source text. The authors of the article analyzed and selected the available dictionaries of the Kazakh language used in the development of the semantic dictionary database. Dictionaries of the Kazakh language provide an opportunity for computer-based sign language translation of the Kazakh sign language. The article also presents the possibility of using L. S. Dimskis notation to develop a dictionary of the structure of gestures of the Kazakh sign language. The prospect of its inclusion in the database of semantic dictionary is revealed. And also revealed the need for a dictionary of gestures in the development of automated sign language translation system as a whole, taking into account its effectiveness and the possibility of full practical use.
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ZHUSSUPOVA, B. T., D. ZH ALIPPAYEVA, and S. A. KUDUBAYEVA. "Dictionaries of the kazakh language as the basis of semantic analysis in the system of computer sign language translation." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 4, no. 78 (January 10, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.34.
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his article discusses the development of a semantic dictionary of the Kazakh language for a computer translation system from Kazakh to Kazakh sign language, which will take into account the semantics of the Kazakh language and the Kazakh sign language. The semantic dictionary of the Kazakh language serves as the basis of computer translation technology from the Kazakh language to the Kazakh sign language. In the future, it will allow semantic analysis of the source text. The authors of the article analyzed and selected the available dictionaries of the Kazakh language used in the development of the semantic dictionary database. Dictionaries of the Kazakh language provide an opportunity for computer-based sign language translation of the Kazakh sign language. The article also presents the possibility of using L. S. Dimskis notation to develop a dictionary of the structure of gestures of the Kazakh sign language. The prospect of its inclusion in the database of semantic dictionary is revealed. And also revealed the need for a dictionary of gestures in the development of automated sign language translation system as a whole, taking into account its effectiveness and the possibility of full practical use.
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Sękowska, Elżbieta. "A thematic dictionary as a source of cultural competence (using the example of a Chinese-Polish dictionary)." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców 27 (December 23, 2020): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0860-6587.27.19.
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This article discusses a thematic dictionary of a specific language pair (Chinese-Polish in this case) as a teaching aid useful in learning a language and its culture. In the search for a place for the thematic dictionary in language teaching, the author refers to the notion of cultural competence and notions associated with introducing it into the teaching process as cultural competence covers both vocabulary and knowledge (linguaculture), and the interpretative rules and elements of the study of the reality of people and institutions within the area of socioculture. The contents of those areas of culture of a community are discussed in the theoretical studies devoted to teaching Polish as a non-native language and in the curricula of teaching Polish as a foreign language. Those activities become focussed, e.g. in the required standards which refer to individual levels of language proficiency.A thematic dictionary may serve as a source for introducing elements of culture considering the stock of vocabulary which illustrates the differences in languages and cultures. In the discussion of the Chinese-Polish thematic dictionary, the author focusses on the description of macrostructures, the inclusion of selected thematic fields, and indicates its utility in increasing one’s proficiency in the lexis which illustrates the extra-linguistic reality.
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Nikitina, Tatiana G., and Elena I. Rogaleva. "Modern Educational Phraseography: Innovative Parameters of a Paper Dictionary." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 20 (2021): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/4.
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The article aims to solve the problem of inducing interactivity in the text of a printed educational phraseological dictionary. The relevance of the problem is justified by the user request of today’s school students and confirmed by psychologists’ conclusions about the features of children’s memory and perception in the postindustrial infor-mation society. The features of innovative interactive dictionaries prepared by the Pskov Laboratory of Educational Lexicography are shown against the background of the achievements of Russian and foreign educational phraseography. The authors pre-sent to students the linguistic properties of idioms and their cultural background identi-fied by the methods of historical-etymological, functional-semantic and linguocultural analysis in a series of interactive phraseological dictionaries, including: an entertaining etymological dictionary, a dictionary-workshop, a plot phraseological dictionary, and a game dictionary-quest. This variety of phraseographic genres is explained by the need to form a genre perception of the text and the role of phraseology in this text, which is also facilitated by the implementation of the principle of interactivity in the construc-tion of dictionary entries. The text interactivity in educational phraseological dictionaries of all these genres is achieved through techniques of dialogization of a lexicographic text, its hypertext structuring and game manipulation. Methods of dialogization of a phraseographic text (lexical-syntactic and compositional) ensure the inclusion of the child-recipient in the study of the origin of phraseology together with the characters of plot dictionary entries and their authors, motivate the student to perform cognitive creative tasks and give real feedback with the authors of the dictionary in the format of e-mail communication. Hypertextuality as an integral property of an interactive dictionary, which also stimulates the reader’s cognitive activity, is implemented in the paper format of the dictionary by referring to various external sources of infor-mation, cross-references in dictionary entries, and the use of surprise navigators. Game technologies of a lexicographic text construction are used at all levels of phra-seological units’ representation – from including phraseological game transforma-tions in the characters’ dialogues, which is typical of modern speech, to structuring the entire information and cognitive field of the dictionary as a search and etymolo-gical game-quest. Thus, the feasibility of developing innovative educational dictiona-ries in accordance with the concept of their interactivity is proved: this will ensure the availability of the material and, at the same time, the completeness and academic reliability of the representation of phraseological units as units of language and facts of Russian culture.
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Schmalstieg, William R., Bronius Piesarskas, and Bronius Svecevicius. "Lithuanian Dictionary: English-Lithuanian, Lithuanian-English Dictionary." Language 74, no. 1 (March 1998): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417622.
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Davlatova, S. "Animal Names in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and Their Use in the Modern Kyrgyz Language." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/49.
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The article is relevant in that it defines the modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and that reveals the level of use of animal names in the modern Kyrgyz language in M. Kashgari’s dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk. Research object is the Kyrgyz translations of M. Kashgari’s dictionary. The purpose of the article is to compare the names of animals in the modern Kyrgyz language and in the dictionary of Mahmud Kashgari Diwan Lughat at-Turk, to classify them according to the level of use, to identify some linguistic phonetic phenomena in the process of changing words. 1. Names of animals in the dictionary used in the modern Kyrgyz language with phonetic changes: teve (camel) — tyoyo, aiug (bear) — ayu, yylky (horse) — zhylky, yylan (snake) — zhylan, ud (cattle) — ui, azgyr (stallion) — aigyr, arslan (lion) — arstan, sychgan (mouse) — chychkan, sunkar (merlin) — shumkar, kochnar (ram) — kochkor, tonuz (wild boar) — donuz, kuiye (mole) — kyubyo, botok (baby camel) — boto, ukhi (owl) — uku. 2. Names of animals found in the dictionary, but not used in the modern Kyrgyz language, archaisms or historicisms: yoplen (a small animal like a mouse), arzhu (female jackal), kysrak (mare), atan (castrated camel), kyl kush (insect-eating bird), tytyr (female camel) and so on.
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Whissell, Cynthia. "Using the Revised Dictionary of Affect in Language to Quantify the Emotional Undertones of Samples of Natural Language." Psychological Reports 105, no. 2 (October 2009): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.2.509-521.
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Whissell's Dictionary of Affect in Language, originally designed to quantify the Pleasantness and Activation of specifically emotional words, was revised to increase its applicability to samples of natural language. Word selection for the revision privileged natural language, and the matching rate of the Dictionary, which includes 8,742 words, was increased to 90%. Dictionary scores were available for 9 of every 10 words in most language samples. A third rated dimension (Imagery) was added, and normative scores were obtained for natural English. Evidence supports the reliability and validity of ratings. Two sample applications to very disparate instances of natural language are described. The revised Dictionary, which contains ratings for words characteristic of natural language, is a portable tool that can be applied in almost any situation involving language.
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ERKIBAEVA, Gulfayruz, and Fauzia Shamsievna ORAZBAEVA. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DICTIONARIES OF RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES." Cherkasy University Bulletin: Pedagogical Sciences, no. 2 (2020): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31651/2524-2660-2020-2-258-266.
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Introduction. Now many people believe that any information can be found on the Internet: the interpretation of words, the selection of synonyms or antonyms, the meaning of phraseologisms, translation from one language to another. Yes, it is possible, but the information received over the Internet is not always correct. Therefore, we believe that only in dictionaries can one find reliable, accurate information.The methods. Comparative training presupposes students' readiness to work with dictionaries of the Kazakh language, and on the basis of these skills, a readiness is formed to work with dictionaries of the Russian language. Solving the tasks of forming a multilingual personality, it is necessary to develop the need for students to constantly use dictionaries in order to improve language competence, enrich vocabulary, and independently perform language and speech tasks. For the implementation of intersubject communications in Russian and native languages, an implicit and explicit comparison of universal and specific phenomena of the native and studied languages was used. Results. One of the main goals of studying the Russian language in a school with the Kazakh language of instruction is to master its lexical wealth. Work with the dictionary of the Russian language should begin by repeating information about the identical dictionary of the Kazakh language, with which they are already familiar from the lessons of their native language. After consolidating knowledge of the dictionary of the Kazakh language (consolidation is carried out in the form of questions and answers and completing practical tasks), the teacher can turn to the dictionary of the Russian language. Such use of dictionaries in Russian language lessons in schools with the Kazakh language of instruction not only expands the vocabulary of students, but also helps to increase their level of knowledge of the Russian language, broadens their horizons in general and knowledge of the theory of language in particular, develops skills in working with books, as well as in general their oral and written speech activity. The scientific novelty of the research results. A review and analysis of scientific literature revealed that all methodologists are unanimous in the usefulness and necessity of using dictionaries in the educational process of the school. Types and types of work with dictionaries proposed and developed by specialists at the school are scientifically based and convincing. However, no techn-?que is universal. Each contingent, school, class require their own methodology, interpretation, since national traditions, way of thinking, perception of the world are specific. Therefore, work with dictionaries in schools with the Kazakh language of instruction also requires its scientific justification, the development of its own methodology, namely, training in the use of Russian dictionaries in comparison with dictionaries of the Kazakh language. Conclusion When teaching the Russian language dictionaries, we, based on the principle of interconnected teaching of Russian and Kazakh languages on the material of the dictionaries of the Russian and Kazakh languages, familiarized ourselves with the Russian language dictionary preceded by a repetition of the identical Kazakh language dictionary. Using a concrete example (lecture lesson plan), we showed how the principle of interconnected teaching of Russian and Kazakh languages is implemented on the basis of material from the dictionaries of Russian and Kazakh languages.
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Considine, John. "“Si hoc saeculo natus fuisset”." Latin Grammars in Transition, 1200 - 1600 44, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2017): 412–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.00010.con.
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Summary The lexicographical part of the Catholicon of Giovanni Balbi of Genoa (d.1286), compiled in 1286, was the dominant Latin dictionary of the 15th century and the first major Latin dictionary to be printed: 24 editions recorded from the 1460s to 1500, another 7 from 1501 to 1520. In the twenty-five years before the final edition, two attempts were made to refurbish it, one by a certain Master Petrus Aegidius in 1499 and one by the humanist Jodocus Badius Ascensius (1462–1535) in 1506. Their editions were meant to maintain the place of a 13th-century dictionary in the world of humanist reference publishing. This paper gives an account of Aegidius’ and Badius’ additions to the Catholicon, emphasising both the intellectual content of their work and the dictionary’s place in the history of the learned book. The paper concludes with an account of how the Catholicon was driven out of the market by a dictionary compiled in the late 15th century, the Dictionarium of Ambrogio Calepino (c.1435–1511), published from 1502 onwards. An appendix sets out the editions of the Catholicon from 1499 onwards, with title page transcriptions.
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Rodionova, Aleksandra Pavlovna. "ON THE FIRST PRINTED VOCABULARY OF THE LUDIC DIALECT OF THE KARELIAN LANGUAGE." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-1-6-15.
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The article provides a brief historical background on the most significant sources written in the Karelian language, as well as a description of the Ludic dialect and the peculiarities of the Svyatozersk dialect, which served as the basis of the first dictionary. The activities of the translation commission in the 19th century resulted in the first translations of the Gospel and other liturgical literature, and at the same time dictionaries, grammars and primers were written in 50 languages of Russia. The Russian-Karelian Dictionary was published in St. Petersburg in 1908. The compiler of the dictionary was a teacher of the Svyatozersk School, Mikhail Dmitrievich Georgievsky. The dictionary includes 1523 words: the dictionary entries in the source are followed by appendices containing vocabulary on specific topics: names, days of the week, holidays; the dictionary also contains numerals, verb conjugations, sentences with translation.The value of the dictionary, published more than a hundred years ago, lies in the fact that it reflects the vocabulary characteristic of the Svyatozersky dialect, chosen as one of the basic dialects in the lemmatization of the Ludic subcorpus (VepKar).
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DROZHASHCHIKH, Nataliya V., and Anastasiya Yu BASHMAKOVA. "MULTIMODAL LEARNER’S DICTIONARY WITH HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL COMPONENTS IN EFL CLASSROOM." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 7, no. 1 (2021): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2021-7-1-43-61.
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This article studies the problem of making a multimodal computer dictionary with historical and cultural components for EFL classrooms. The relevance of the research topic is associated with the development of computer lexicography as a branch of applied linguistics at the intersection with digital humanities and digital pedagogy, as well as with the active development of new methods and tools in the practice of teaching foreign languages. The object of the research is a multimodal learners’ computer dictionary that visualizes semantic changes in lexicon of the English language, in particular, the key lexemes of the thematic field “еducation”. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the problems of creating an educational multimodal dictionary of a historical and cultural type in computer lexicography. One of the objectives of the research is to study the specific semantic features of the units in the thematic field “education” in the multimodal learner’s dictionary. The multimodal dictionary plays an important role in the interaction of the user with the virtual system, where the dictionary is not only an additional reference book but also a multifunctional means of teaching and obtaining information about the culture of the target language countries, including the dynamics of its development. The introduction of such dictionaries into teaching is the key to successful immersion in the culture of the target language country and mastering language competencies. This article presents the elements of typology and principles of building computer dictionaries, notes the role of a multimodal computer dictionary in teaching a foreign language, and proposes a model of a learner’s multimodal dictionary of historical and cultural type for EFL classroom, as well as outlines the stages of dynamic development in English vocabulary.
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Murmulaitytė, Daiva. "Use of the word barbekiu and its representation in the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17481.
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The new borrowing barbekiu has not been included into dictionaries of the Lithuanian language so far, except for the Dictionary of Internationalisms (2001, 2008) and its internet version Interleksis. Due to the frequent use of the word, barbekiu is going to be included into the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian.The present paper analyses the semantic structure of the borrowing, its use and normative recommendations, investigates dictionary entries of barbecue and its synonym grill as given in a number of English, Latvian, Russian, and Polish dictionaries.The use of the borrowing barbekiu in the Lithuanian language shows a slightly different semantic structure of the word than that offered in the dictionaries of the donor (English) language. On the whole, the findings of this research show that the semantic structure of the borrowing barbecue in the recipient languages differs from its semantic structure in the English language.Finally, the paper offers several tentative dictionary entries for the word barbekiu and its Lithuanian equivalents, which could be included into the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian. In addition to the two meanings of the word that have already been discussed by language planners (i.e. barbecue as a ‘baking device’ and as a ‘certain steak’), the proposed dictionary entries would contain additional, more frequent meanings: ‘a way of preparing a certain kind of food’ and ‘a party in which food is prepared in this way’.
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Sharipov, Sokhib. ""LEXICOGRAPHY" AND DICTIONARY COMPILATION." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/5.
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Background. This article examines lexicography - a separate science that includes theoretical lexicography with its own theory, and since there is a theory, then there is practice, that is, practical lexicography. Lexicographic research combines both theoretical and practical aspects. The creation of innovative models of theoretical linguistic conclusions for new practical lexicographic products is the main task of lexicographic research. As a mirror reflecting the development of civilizations, the state and level of the people, relations in society, the development of scientifically progressive or orthodox thought, the dictionary covers a variety of fields of science and technology: from interpretation and semantic explanation of a word, to correct spelling and translation from one language to another.
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Ivanishcheva, Olga. "Endangered-language dictionaries from the perspective of the dictionary maker and speech community." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3582.
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The article discusses issues related to making a dictionary of an endangered language, specifically the case of Kildin Saami, the language of the ethnos that inhabits only the Kola peninsula in Russia. The article considers three oppositions: “dictionary versus language”, “dictionary versus user”, and “dictionary versus dictionary maker”, which lead to a conclusion regarding the peculiarities of the work of a lexicographer making such a dictionary. The article describes issues related to the variety of language and orthography selected and the scope of the speaker’s background knowledge, which has a tendency to shrink or transform under conditions where speakers are aging, traditional folk culture is being lost, and there are global changes in the sociocultural environment of the ethnos.
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Abdullayeva, Dildora Shuxratovna. "The Importance Of Dictionary Instructions In Formulating Pragmatic And Language Competency Of Learners." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 01 (January 30, 2021): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue01-52.
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Dictionary instruction is necessary to help language learners increase the kind of vocabulary knowledge, differentiating pragmatic and semantic meaning of phraseological units that will contribute to their learning process. The main purpose of this article is to examine the importance of using dictionary in language learning and teaching and make some suggestions for language teachers as well as language learners.
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Hazanova, Olga E. "Style of the language systems as reflected in A Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson (1755) and A Dictionary of the Russian Academy (‘Slovar’ Akademii Rossiyskoy’, 1789–1794)." Rhema, no. 4, 2019 (2019): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2019-4-86-107.
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The article considers some stylistic aspects of the Russian and English language systems based on A Dictionary of The English Language… by Samuel Johnson, and A Dictionary of The Russian Academy (‘Slovar Academii Rossiyskoy’), 18th c., that laid a foundation of the British and Russian national lexicography. A comparison of major literary sources of the dictionaries and approaches applied in these lexicographic traditions reveals significant differences between the styles of the two language systems, which has an impact on the national mentalities, ways of perception of a mother tongue and а foreign language, as well as methods of teaching the two languages.
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Wirawan, I. Made Agus, and Ida Bagus Made Ludy Paryatna. "The Development of an Android-Based Anggah-Ungguhing Balinese Language Dictionary." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i1.7105.
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Indonesia is an archipelago country with a variety of local languages; one of which is Balinese (mother tongue), used by the Balinese people in daily life and in certain ritual ceremonies. In Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Department of Balinese Language Education, students have been given Anggah-Ungguhing in speaking subjects where they are taught to understand the use of Balinese language based on social strata. But in the process of learning the Anggah-Ungguhing, there are some problems, including: 1) There is no media that supports learning of Anggah-Ungguhing vocabulary. 2) The motivation of students when learning Anggah-Ungguhing by using books is low. Based upon the analysis on the problems and previous researches, this study aims to: 1) Development of mobile dictionary to support the learning process Angggah - Ungguhing anywhere and anytime. 2) Measuring the level of student’s motivation are using mobile dictionary while learning vocabulary Anggah - Ungguhing. The method used in this research is Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with Waterfall based model. Based on the results of tests that have been done, mobile dictionaries can be declared successfully developed based on user needs. In this research has distributed about 60 questionnaires to measure the level of student’s motivation who use mobile dictionaries on learning Anggah - Ungguhing Balinese language. The result of the student’s motivation measurement shows that the motivation of the students that the learns Anggah - Ungguhing Balinese languange using mobile dictionary is in the positive category.
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Kosem, Iztok, and Victoria Nyst. "The corpus-driven revolution in Polish Sign Language: the interview with Dr. Paweł Rutkowski." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2017.1.70-90.
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Dr. Paweł Rutkowski is head of the Section for Sign Linguistics at the University of Warsaw. He is a general linguist and a specialist in the field of syntax of natural languages, carrying out research on Polish Sign Language (polski język migowy — PJM). He has been awarded a number of prizes, grants and scholarships by such institutions as the Foundation for Polish Science, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, National Science Centre, Poland, Polish–U.S. Fulbright Commission, Kosciuszko Foundation and DAAD.Dr. Rutkowski leads the team developing the Corpus of Polish Sign Language and the Corpus-based Dictionary of Polish Sign Language, the first dictionary of this language prepared in compliance with modern lexicographical standards. The dictionary is an open-access publication, available freely at the following address: www.slownikpjm.uw.edu.pl/en/.This interview took place at eLex 2017, a biennial conference on electronic lexicography, where Dr. Rutkowski was awarded the Adam Kilgarriff Prize and gave a keynote address entitled Sign language as a challenge to electronic lexicography: The Corpus-based Dictionary of Polish Sign Language and beyond. The interview was conducted by Dr. Victoria Nyst from Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities, and Dr. Iztok Kosem from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts.
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Kosem, Iztok, and Victoria Nyst. "The corpus-driven revolution in Polish Sign Language: the interview with Dr. Paweł Rutkowski." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 5, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2017.2.70-90.
Full textAbstract:
Dr. Paweł Rutkowski is head of the Section for Sign Linguistics at the University of Warsaw. He is a general linguist and a specialist in the field of syntax of natural languages, carrying out research on Polish Sign Language (polski język migowy — PJM). He has been awarded a number of prizes, grants and scholarships by such institutions as the Foundation for Polish Science, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, National Science Centre, Poland, Polish–U.S. Fulbright Commission, Kosciuszko Foundation and DAAD.Dr. Rutkowski leads the team developing the Corpus of Polish Sign Language and the Corpus-based Dictionary of Polish Sign Language, the first dictionary of this language prepared in compliance with modern lexicographical standards. The dictionary is an open-access publication, available freely at the following address: www.slownikpjm.uw.edu.pl/en/.This interview took place at eLex 2017, a biennial conference on electronic lexicography, where Dr. Rutkowski was awarded the Adam Kilgarriff Prize and gave a keynote address entitled Sign language as a challenge to electronic lexicography: The Corpus-based Dictionary of Polish Sign Language and beyond. The interview was conducted by Dr. Victoria Nyst from Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities, and Dr. Iztok Kosem from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts.