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Journal articles on the topic 'Language functions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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1

Usubaliev, Beishenbai, and Kunduz Zhuzupekova. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS." Alatoo Academic Studies 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.224.32.

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It was noted in the article that different points of view prevail on the correlation of language functions and their interrelation, and individual authors’ opinions on this problem were expressed. The opinion of a group of scientists who adhere to the point of view that language performs only one function, that language performs more than 25 functions or, otherwise, performs an infinite number of functions, contradicts this opinion. But when we talk about these opinions, the correct point of view is formed, first of all, taking into account the function of language in society. The social functions of language include communicative, expressive, accumulative, national-cultural, and cognitive functions. Taking into account only the signs related to these functions, a clear definition of the language function should be followed. The article defined the exact function of the language from this point of view.

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Karasik, Vladimir I. "Modeling language functions." Yazyk i kul'tura, no. 58 (June 1, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19996195/58/2.

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3

Thi Ngu, Dr Duong. "Language communication functions." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 4, no. 6 (2023): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.6.607-611.

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The communicative function contributes to the formation of three aspects that make up the nature of language (the ideological tool; the signic nature of language). These three aspects are intimately linked and inseparable on the common basis of the social nature of language. To understand the social nature of language, it is first necessary to understand the functions of language. Starting from the above statement, we choose to learn the communication function of the language as an object to gradually approach other functions of the language and the ultimate goal is to understand the nature of the language.

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DENİZ, Kemalettin, and Yunus Emre ÇEKİCİ. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS ON TEACHING TURKISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 13, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 01–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/130101.

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Language functions can be defined as humane purpose of language usage and the act occurring from language usage. Teaching a foreign language that aims to prepare the students to form communication in the target language focuses on language functions from 1970s to today. Language funtions that was specifically developed in the scope of teaching English as a foreign language have formed a basis for Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. In the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, it is stated that language functions that are based on real life communicational situations ought to be taught but rather predetermined language structures. Accordingly, an education based on language functions has been adopted in the programmes reformed on teaching Turkish as a foreign language. However, there is no language functions framework that can be used as a source for teaching Turkish as a foreign language, is developed by scientific methods and includes the structure, usage and cultural elements. The purpose of this study is to develop a programme on teaching Turkish as a foreign language, to prepare course material and to prepare a language functions framework that suits cultural elements, structure, functioning and usage of Turkish in order to be used in the assessment and evaluation studies. Literature review and document analysis methods has been used nn the qualitative model and situational patterned study. Subsequent to literature review, oral and written document analysis and expert consultation, “Language Functions Framework for Teaching Turkish As a Foreign Language” has been formed. In the scope of “information inquiry and explanation”, “attides/emotions inquiry and explanation”, “persuasion”, “socialization”, “prevention and retrieval of communication errors” and “structuring the discourse” functions, 46 functions and142 subfunctions has been determined. Keywords: Language functions, teaching functional language, teaching Turkish as a foreign language, Common European Famework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), Language Policy Programme Education Policy Division Education Department Council of Europe.

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KALMYKOVA, Larysa, Nataliia KHARCHENKO, and Іnna МYSАN. "TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE FUN-CTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF ETHNIC LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD: PROBLEMS OF LANGUAGE PERSONALITY – THE SUBJECT OF COMMUNICATIVE AND SPEECH ACTIVITY." Lingua Montenegrina 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 65–81. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v28i2.869.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the world’s national languages, carried out according to the functions they perform in the multidimensional psycholinguistic world of the subject of speech. The analysis made it possible to identify special, functionally conditioned varieties of languages within national languages. They can be nominated as function-centered or function-oriented languages. These include different types of languages: „native language“, „second language“, „foreign language“, „business language“ and many other types. There are ethnically underdeveloped ethnic languages. They perform mainly primary – communicative, cognitive, and other functions. There are more developed national languages, capable in addition to the primary functions to perform in human speech acts and other – more complex – functions, such as languages of translation, metalanguages, languages of science, business language, the language of profession, international language and more. A look at language as a language competence (ability) of a per-son (psycholinguistic approach) is the basis for an innovative classification of world languages, taking into account the various functions that are implemented by the subjects of speech in their lives. Thus, the functional classification of languages can occur not only by sociolinguistic or typological parameters but also by universal-psycholinguistic ones.

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Narzullayeva, Firuza Olimovna. "NOMINATIVE AND EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE STUDY." Innovative Development in Educational Activities 2, no. 6 (March 29, 2023): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7781462.

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<em>This article discusses the fact that language has a nominative and expressive function, which is reflected in language elements, especially in words, and their use in English and Uzbek languages.</em>

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7

Sure, Kembo. "Language Functions and Language Attitudes in Kenya." English World-Wide 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.12.2.05sur.

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8

Panahli, Sura. "Semiotics of language functions." Filologiya məsələləri Journal of Philological Issues, no. 8 (2024): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.62837/2024.8.55.

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Ibragimova, Iroda Artikmashrabovna. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN POETIC TEXT." American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue06-04.

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10

Markub, Markub. "FUNGSI BAHASA PADA KAOS DI KALANGAN REMAJA." HUMANIS: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/humanis.v11i1.1417.

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Language as a communication tool plays a very important role in human life because human language can interact and talk about anything. Language as a tool to convey thoughts, ideas, concepts, or feelings. An intellectual must think and the process of thinking definitely requires language. Language also functions as a means for social interaction and the media conveys ideas, the purpose of this study is to describe the function of language in counsels among adolescents. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study are various languages including the form of language, language functions, and the meaning of expressions. The form of language in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Language functions in the form of expression functions, information functions, exploration functions, persuasion functions, entertainment functions, Data sources in this study are the function of language on shirts among teenagers. The technique used in this data collection is documentation, see, and note. The results of research on the function of shirts on teenagers that the function of language is a tool of social interaction, as a medium for conveying ideas, concepts, thoughts, and expressions of feelings including expression functions, information functions, exploration functions, persuasion functions, and entertainment functions on shirts. among teenagers.

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Oktaviani, Adisti Anastasya, and Aura Naila Syalvia. "KARAKTERISTIK DAN FUNGSI BAHASA DALAM IKLAN APLIKASI BELANJA ONLINE." Jurnal Komposisi 6, no. 2 (March 6, 2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53712/jk.v6i2.1786.

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Each language must have its own characteristics according to the use by the speaker to meet the needs in the use of language to communicate. In communicating, language has various functions that are adapted to what the purpose of communication is. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the language used in online shopping application advertisements and the language function of the use in online shopping application advertisements. This research is interesting to study because it discusses various language characteristics and language functions used in various online shopping applications such as Shopee, Tokopedia, Bukalapak, and Akulaku shopping applications. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach. The data in this study are in the form of online shopping application advertisements found on social media. data collection using recording and note-taking techniques. Data were obtained by observing video recordings and then recording the data needed in this study. The results of this study are the characteristics in the use of online shopping advertising language on social media such as the use of regional languages, slang, and foreign languages. The language functions used in online shopping advertisements that we found were informative functions, directive functions, reminder functions, and expressive functions.

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Erlita, Yeni. "LANGUAGE FUNCTION IN SOCIAL LIFE AND ITS INFLUENCES." BAHAS 31, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/bhs.v31i4.21859.

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AbstractLanguage becomes a necessary thing because it helps the world having the interaction. In addition, a language is a structured system of communication used by humans. Languages consist of spoken sounds in spoken languages or written elements in written languages. There are some functions of language such as communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release. Additionally, a language may consist of other symbolic elements like hand gestures in sign languages. Language becomes a necessary thing because it helps the world having the interaction. There are some functions of language such as communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release. Human needs social life and social life need human. The functions of language give big impact to many aspects especially in social life. In this study, the use of language and how the function of language can give impact to society. Keywords: function of language, society, system

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Andreou, Georgia, Filippos Vlachos, and Nikolaos Haftouras. "The cerebellum and language functions." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23856.

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Copland, David A., Sonia Brownsett, Kartik Iyer, and Anthony J. Angwin. "Corticostriatal Regulation of Language Functions." Neuropsychology Review 31, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 472–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09481-9.

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15

Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie. "Reflections on Functions of Language." On mood and speech function and the ‘why’ of text analysis 26, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.00018.sim.

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16

Abd-El-Jawad, Hassan. "Social Functions of Language Variation." Al Abhath 34, no. 01 (May 15, 1986): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589997x-03401009.

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17

Felecan, Daiana. "Functional Styles and Language Functions." Philologica Jassyensia 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 203–24. https://doi.org/10.60133/pj.2024.2.16.

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The present study aims to analyze three distinct functional styles of language: conversational, scientific, and literary, examining the activation of language functions within each style and identifying their predominant function(s). We considered these three divergent linguistic registers to be equally compelling, given that their analytical units significantly impact the verbal expressions of contemporary speakers. It is worth noting that their placement somewhat at opposite ends of the stylistic domains targeted was a motivating factor in our research choice. In interpersonal communication practices, individuals encounter situations where they are required to draw from their available discursive repertoire, employing either neutrally or emotionally charged verbal expressions, orchestrated within the symphony of everyday speech (the conversational style). At other times, speakers resort to excessively rigid textual features (the scientific style), while often they assume the role of interpreters of non-finite textual realms (the literary style). The study delves into those circumstances that demand from the speaker the ability to demonstrate efficient manipulation of language. Specifically, we will focus on cases in which speakers must demonstrate adeptness in manipulating utterances detached from communicative contingency and, thus, ‘divorced’ from immediate communicative contexts. Other targeted situations include instances when speakers act as knowledgeable instructors in conveying highly specialized semantic phrases or when they demonstrate their skill in disentangling deliberately convoluted lyrical or narrative threads, done with both unrestrained creativity and aesthetically verifiable precision. To support our assertions, we will employ a methodology drawn from interconnected disciplines, including stylistics, philosophy of language, literary theory, and semantics.

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PODOLL, KLAUS, PETER CASPARY, HERWIG W. LANGE, and JOHANNES NOTH. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE." Brain 111, no. 6 (1988): 1475–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/111.6.1475.

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Carruthers, Peter. "The cognitive functions of language." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 6 (December 2002): 657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02000122.

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This paper explores a variety of different versions of the thesis that natural language is involved in human thinking. It distinguishes amongst strong and weak forms of this thesis, dismissing some as implausibly strong and others as uninterestingly weak. Strong forms dismissed include the view that language is conceptually necessary for thought (endorsed by many philosophers) and the view that language is de facto the medium of all human conceptual thinking (endorsed by many philosophers and social scientists). Weak forms include the view that language is necessary for the acquisition of many human concepts and the view that language can serve to scaffold human thought processes. The paper also discusses the thesis that language may be the medium of conscious propositional thinking, but argues that this cannot be its most fundamental cognitive role. The idea is then proposed that natural language is the medium for non-domain-specific thinking, serving to integrate the outputs of a variety of domain-specific conceptual faculties (or central-cognitive “quasi-modules”). Recent experimental evidence in support of this idea is reviewed and the implications of the idea are discussed, especially for our conception of the architecture of human cognition. Finally, some further kinds of evidence which might serve to corroborate or refute the hypothesis are mentioned. The overall goal of the paper is to review a wide variety of accounts of the cognitive function of natural language, integrating a number of different kinds of evidence and theoretical consideration in order to propose and elaborate the most plausible candidate.

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Bashlueva, Natalya. "Nature and functions of language." Applied psychology and pedagogy 2, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21636.

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Marshall, John C. "Language functions and brain organization." Neuropsychologia 23, no. 5 (January 1985): 702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(85)90075-2.

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Clemmens, Edward R. "Some psychological functions of language." American Journal of Psychoanalysis 48, no. 4 (December 1988): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01256654.

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RAMSEY, NORMAN. "Embedding an interpreted language using higher-order functions and types." Journal of Functional Programming 21, no. 6 (September 29, 2011): 585–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796811000219.

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AbstractUsing an embedded, interpreted language to control a complicated application can have significant software-engineering benefits. But existing interpreters are designed for embedding into C code. To embed an interpreter into a different language requires an API suited to that language. This paper presents Lua-ML, a new API that is suited to languages that provide higher-order functions and types. The API exploits higher-order functions and types to reduce the amount of glue code needed to use an embedded interpreter. Where embedding in C requires a special-purpose “glue function” for every function to be embedded, embedding in Lua-ML requires only a description of each function's type. Lua-ML also makes it easy to define a Lua function whose behavior depends on the number and types of its arguments.

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NKAYA, KIMBOUALA, Didace MOUHOUELO, and Merveille NGOULOU. "CONGOLESE LANGUAGES VIS-À-VIS FOREIGN LANGUAGES: STATUS, FORMS AND FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature and Culture 01, no. 01 (2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59009/ijlllc.2022.0004.

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The existence of African native languages deteriorates vis-à-vis foreign languages such as English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The former colonies keep using the later as their official languages. The status of the African native languages is either Mother Tongue (MT) or first language (L1), facing that of foreign language (FL) and second language (L2). Unfortunately, the functions of most of these languages are limited to oral communication because their scriptural forms do not exist. This study tries to draw the connections between status and the form, using the Larry (MT or vernacular language), the Kituba and Lingala (L1 or vehicular language) as main communicative languages in Brazzaville. Results show that these Congolese languages are gradually getting menaced and losing ground. This is due to the outstanding intellectualism that takes Congolese people – who are African people as well – to use more and more French words and expressions when speaking them daily. The use of the Roman alphabet would help the Congo, as some African countries have done it, to glocalize their languages in the written form in order to link their status, form and function better. Didactically, African children should first learn their MT and L1 orally and writingly before they tackle with the learning of foreign languages.

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Nigmatullaevna, Shermukhamedova Suraye. "Social Functions of the Uzbek Language in Modern Society." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 3 (March 21, 2024): 6997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0324.0882.

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Furs, L. A. "Secondary Functions and Interpretative Representation." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2023-1-81-91.

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The article deals with the phenomenon of secondary functions as the basis of interpretative representation, which involves the objectification of a set of meanings by a language unit with a negative evaluative focus. The aim of the study is to consider the secondary nomination in the aspect of interpretive representation, projected on the implementation of negative evaluative focus, and as a result leading to a communicative conflict. It was found that modification of the systemically fixed categorical meaning of language units, metaphorical, metonymic and metaphtonymic modeling, conceptual comparison and non-prototypical compliment lead to interpretive representation. The potential of these ways of implementing secondary functions is variable. If metaphor, metonymy, metaphthonymy and conceptual comparison can be used to form a positive assessment of a person, a non-prototypical compliment is always interpreted as a negative evaluation. As a result of the modification of the categorical meaning, not only the evaluation, but also the objective situation can be represented by non-prototypical means. Taking into account the results obtained, a scheme was modeled for the implementation of the secondary functions of language units as a way of representing a negative evaluation of a person. The method of conceptual analysis, the method of cognitive modeling and the method of prototypical semantics were used as the main research methods. It has been established that the use of language units in the secondary function reflects the dynamic processes in the semiotic space associated with the anthropocentric approach to language studies and the dynamics of human perception. To ensure conflict-free communication, it is advisable to predict cases of negative understanding of the secondary functions of language units and avoid their use. The prospect of this study is to consider the secondary functions of language units in order to eliminate cognitive dissonance in communication on the material of other languages. Modeling ways to implement secondary functions in language can also serve as a basis for studying the knowledge transmitted in communication, as well as studying the relationship of language with perception, memory, thinking, and experiential knowledge of a person, which, in turn, makes it possible to reveal the features of associative and figurative processes and cognitive activity of a person, which is not accessible to direct observation.

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Asheli, Nicholous. "Form and Functions of Particles in Shinyiha." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v5i1.1481.

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Shinyiha, is also referred to as Nyiha, is among the Bantu languages spoken in Tanzania. It is categorized as M 23 in Guthrie’s referential Bantu language classification system. In this paper, attention is paid to the form and functions of particles in this language. It is noted that particles are among the least studied word categories in Bantu languages (cf Schneider-Zioga, 2015). The absence of adequate attention to the form and function of particles is glaring in the already unstudied Bantu language. It is anticipated that the description and analysis of items in this word category will provide some useful insights into human language word categories in general and those of Bantu languages and Shinyiha in particular. This paper specifically pays attention to haa, pee, ishi, mwee, –ope, nziila, alaa and bhuulo as particles in Shinyiha. More specifically, the paper attempts to discuss the meaning/use of those particles and their distribution. It is shown that particles have a variety of properties and meanings/functions. Based on the varied properties and functions, I demonstrate in this paper that particles are pragmatic and context-sensitive. Because of their pragmatic and context-sensitivity, particles have special semantic functions and roles such as showing certainty; attention calling; expressing exhaustiveness, surprise, confirmation, focus, stating condition, showing emphasis, meaning intensification, after-thoughts, etc. I conclude that particles are a unique category of words in Shinyiha which indicates human communication is complex in that as humans communicate they deploy a variety of strategies to ensure they meet their communicative agenda.

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Cantillo-Horrillo, Coral, and Isabel R. Rodríguez-Ortiz. "Bimodal Bilingualism and Executive Functions." Revista Signos. Estudios de Lingüística 57, no. 116 (December 9, 2024): 678–709. https://doi.org/10.4151/s0718-09342024011601019.

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Scientific evidence demonstrates that unimodal bilingualism (two spoken languages) has positive effects on executive control. However, few studies have investigated the influence of bimodal bilingualism (spoken language and sign language) on executive functions. This study explores differences between monolinguals, unimodal bilinguals, and bimodal bilinguals in inhibition, planning, and working memory. A total of 80 participants between 18 and 40 years old were evaluated using executive function tasks of inhibition (verbal Stroop; nonverbal Stroop; verbal Simon; nonverbal Simon), planning (Tower of Hanoi) and working memory (Digits, Letters and Numbers, Corsi Cubes, Letters-Figures). The results show that unimodal bilinguals have certain advantages over monolinguals in inhibition, planning, and working memory, which are not present in bimodal bilinguals with regard to the executive functions explored.

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Matsyuk, Halyna. "UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION ON THE STATUS AND FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGES IN THE YEARS OF FULL‑SCALE RUSSIAN WAR." Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, no. 19 (May 5, 2025): 212–28. https://doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2025.19.4820.

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The article is devoted to the study of legislative and normative legal acts that regulate the use of languages during the years of the full-scale Russian war against Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the attitude of society to various aspects of the functioning of languages and to highlight the legislative initiatives taken by the authorities in relation to the mood of society. The analysis is based on the theoretical provisions of sociolinguistic and political science works by B. Azhniuk, L. Andrienko, V. Kulyk, H. Matsyuk, M. Moser, S. Sokolova and others on the relationship between language policy, language situation, language legislation and society. The source base consists of sociological surveys and legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine (37 items), which illustrate the legislative dimension of the status and functions of languages during the full-scale invasion. The units of analysis are more than 130 metalinguistic textual indicators that reflect information from sources about the status and functions of languages. Qualitative methods of analysis are used, including contextual, comparative, discourse and elements of statistical analysis. The article describes for the first time the connection between the moods of Ukrainian society regarding the functions and status of languages based on sociological surveys conducted in 2022-2024 and the legislative actions of the authorities in the areas of state language-identity, state language-normative use of names of public space, state language-minority (community) languages, state language-English, state language-multiple citizenship. The author emphasizes the role of the draft law on correcting the translation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which will regulate the functions of threatened languages in Ukraine. The results of the study show that during a full-scale war, there is legislative support for the Ukrainian language as the only state language and language of interethnic communication, a new formula for languages of national minorities (communities) has emerged, English has received the status of a language of international communication, and the state language plays a role in multiple citizenship. The novelties of the laws considered in relation to languages ensure not only civil peace and national harmony as domestic political security, but also emphasize the cultural separateness of Ukrainians as foreign policy security. That is, attention to the legislative dimension of the status and functions of languages allows the state to strengthen its national security during the years of full-scale war. Key words: sociolinguistics, language legislation, language situation, interlingual interaction, bilingualism, state language, national security.

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Hudu, Fusheini. "The Pragmatic Functions of Dagbani Diminutives." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 2 (December 24, 2024): 76–95. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v13i2.4.

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This study examines how compounds can be distinguished from phrases in Kusaal, a Mabia language spoken in the Upper East region of Ghana as well as two neighbouring countries: Burkina Faso and Togo. Both compounds and phrases involve the combination of lexemes. It is, therefore, important to establish clear-cut criteria for distinguishing between them. However, due to individual language uniqueness, there are no universally acceptable criteria that work for all languages, necessitating the identification of language-specific features. An outstanding matter which complicates the issue of the demarcation between compounds and phrases in Kusaal emanates from the orthography where a modifying adjective in a phrase is written together with its head noun as a single word, much like noun+adjective compounds which are also written together as single units. Using primary data collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary data gathered from Kusaal dictionaries, the study finds displacement, coordination, and inflection as criteria for distinguishing phrases from compounds. In contrast, orthography, stress and compositionality are less reliable for distinguishing compounds from phrases in the language. This descriptive study contributes to our understanding of word formation, one of the grey areas in the study of the grammar of Kusaal.

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KALIA, VRINDA, M. PAULA DANERI, and MAKEBA PARRAMORE WILBOURN. "Relations between vocabulary and executive functions in Spanish–English dual language learners." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000463.

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The role of dual language exposure in children's cognitive development continues to be debated. The majority of the research with bilingual children in the US has been conducted with children becoming literate in onlyoneof their languages. Dual language learners who are becoming literate in both their languages are acutely understudied. We compared dual language learners (n = 61) in a Spanish–English dual language immersion program to monolingual English speaking children (n = 55) who were in a traditional English only school. Children (kindergarten to 3rdgrade) completed standardized vocabulary tasks and two measures of executive functions. Despite having significantly smaller English vocabularies, the dual language learners outperformed the monolingual children on the executive function measures. Implications for our understanding of the relations between oral language development and executive function in bilingual children are discussed.

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Jin, Dawei. "Copula functions in a cross-Sinitic perspective." Folia Linguistica 54, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 89–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2028.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the distinct functions associated with the copula morpheme and their distribution across Sinitic languages. Based on fieldwork on five Sinitic languages, an empirical generalization will be presented regarding the scope and variation of copular multifunctionality. Specifically, language-specific variation is witnessed in topic and conditional marking as well as verum marking. Conversely, it is found that Sinitic languages converge on employing the copula in constructions expressing phrasal and clausal level focus. The paper further explores whether these copular constructions should receive a uniform syntax, or should be conceived of as having a set of underlaid heterogeneous structures.

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Astawa, I. Nyoman Temon. "Bahasa Daerah dalam Kebhinekaan Bangsa Indonesia." Dharma Sastra: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/ds.v1i2.2789.

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<em><span lang="EN-US">Language is very important, especially seen from the function of culture and social functions in addition to other functions. It is very important for a country to have a national language which functions as a unifying tool for various ethnic groups with different backgrounds. Likewise, the function of regional languages is very important for the survival of a particular regional culture. Regional languages as one of the nation's wealth have a function as a means of communication for the supporting community. Apart from being a means of intra-ethnic communication, regional languages also function as supporters of the national language, namely Indonesian. On the basis of this function, regional languages should continue to be fostered and developed in order to strengthen the resilience of the nation's culture. Regional languages should no longer be treated as one of the cultures whose functions can be replaced by the functions of other languages. Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution states, among other things, that regional languagesthat are well maintained by their speakers will be respected and preserved by the state because these regional languages are part of the living Indonesian culture. The National Language Policy formulates that in relation to the development of state life in Indonesia towards regional autonomy and the importance of fostering and preserving regional culture, regional languagesneed to be given the widest opportunity to play a bigger role. Strengthening the existence and continuity of regional languages aims to protect regional languages which are one of the nation's wealth. Indonesian <em><span lang="EN-US">as a dynamic language can take advantage of local language vocabulary as an enrichment of Indonesian vocabulary. This attitude not only strengthens regional culture, but also strengthens national culture.</span></em></span></em>

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Boutekkouk, Fateh. "Towards automatic Maude specifications generation from C functions." Journal of Innovation Information Technology and Application (JINITA) 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/jinita.v5i1.1846.

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In this paper, we aim to contribute to the knowledge about how imperative C functions can be transformed to Maude functional and system modules respectively. Maude is a formal specification language characterized by simplicity, expressivity and good performance. It is a multi-paradigm meta-language based on rewriting logic and equational theories used to specify, simulate and formally verify concurrent and distributed systems. Maude has been used to define the operational semantics of many programming and specification languages. In particular, the addition of this paper is to close the gap between a subset of the C standard language and Maude relying on a transformational approach.

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Cortazzi, Martin, and Lixian Jin. "Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Language: Networks of Meanings and Meta-functions." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.9n.1p.2.

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This paper employs the innovative method of Elicited Metaphor Analysis to present original research in Malaysia into students’ metaphors for ‘language’. We summarize reasons why language and first/ second language learning are centrally important in education, and show patterned features of language metaphors in proverbs and in teacher talk about literacy. These may be one strand of student socialization into language-literacy conceptions. We then report our study of 408 university students in Malaysia who gave 977 metaphors for ‘language’. Using a socio-cultural extension of conceptual metaphor theory from cognitive linguistics, we analyse these data into thematic clusters and metaphor networks of meanings. In student voices, this presents a surprisingly rich picture of language and shows evidence of linguistic meta-functions: student metaphors for language can be seen not only cognitively with affective and socio-cultural meta-functions, but also with moral-spiritual and aesthetic functions. These meta-functions accord with some educational theories. To show wider insider metaphor perspectives we cite our research with ‘teacher’ and ‘learning’ metaphors in Malaysia, and ‘language’ findings from China, Iran, Lebanon and the UK. The metaphor meanings and meta-functions broaden our conception of language as a medium of learning with strong implications for the teaching of languages and literacy.

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Botha, Werner. "The functions of language mixing in the social networks of Singapore students." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2021, no. 269 (January 28, 2021): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2115.

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Abstract In the context of multilingualism, there is still a dearth of research on the language practices of individuals and the social factors that explain their linguistic behaviour, particularly in the Singapore context. This article discusses the dynamics underlying a particular feature of vernacular Singapore speech – language mixing – and how such mixing practices form part of the social identity of the interactions between speakers in their respective social networks. The approach to this current study was adapted from Milroy’s research on social networks (Milroy, Lesley. 1989 [1980]. Language and social networks, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.) in order to provide access to subjects’ most natural use of languages – that is, their “vernacular” in the Labovian sense. This study investigates various aspects of the multilingual language practices of students in Singapore and reports on the social motivations and the social contexts of language mixing in the personal lives of these speakers in the context of other languages and language varieties.

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Karymshakova, Aisha. "TURKOLOGISTS ABOUT DISJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS, THEIR STRUCTURE, SEMANTICS AND FUNCTIONS." Alatoo Academic Studies 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.234.28.

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The article aims to make a comparative-typological analysis of disjunctive conjunctions of the modern Kyrgyz language and their corresponding equivalents in a number of Turkic languages. For this purpose, scientific works in the field of auxiliary parts of speech by such leading Turkologists as Kononov A.N., Shcherbak A.M., Zeynalov F.R, Shukurov A.J., Sultanbaeva H.V., Molgazharov K.K. and others were thoroughly studied and analyzed. Thus, the article provides a comparative analysis of disjunctive conjunctions of the modern Kyrgyz language with similar conjunctions in some Turkic languages. As a result, phonetic features of disjunctive conjunctions, frequency of their use, their semantics in the sentence, in general their similarities and differences are revealed according to their area of distribution. Besides, the peculiarities of using disjunctive conjunctions of Kyrgyz language in different contexts of sentences, as well as terminological inconsistency and their reasons are described in detail. For example, it can be noted that in the modern Kyrgyz language among the conjuctions analyzed in the article, je (in Russian: ili (or)) is the most actively used in the phonetic form. In addition, it is determined that this conjunction is mainly used to connect similar parts of a sentence, as well as to connect simple sentences in the system of complex sentences. The article also notes that Kyrgyz dialectologists in their works with the use of relevant examples have scientifically substantiated that the southern dialect of the Kyrgyz language uses a variety of phonetic form of this conjunction that is not characteristic for the standard language.

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BERTONI, A., P. MASSAZZA, and N. SABADINI. "HOLONOMIC GENERATING FUNCTIONS AND CONTEXT FREE LANGUAGES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 03, no. 02 (June 1992): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054192000127.

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In this paper we give some undecidability and decidability results about context-free languages. First, we prove that the problem of deciding whether a context-free language which admits a holonomic generating function is Turing equivalent to the finiteness question for r.e. sets. Second, we show that the Equivalence Problem is decidable for a suitable class of languages, called LCLR.

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Millichap, J. Gordon, and John J. Millichap. "Effects of Topiramate on Language Functions." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 28, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-28-11-4.

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Li, Leon, and Michael Tomasello. "On the Moral Functions of Language." Social Cognition 39, no. 1 (February 2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.99.

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Previous comparisons of language and morality have taken a cognitively internalist (i.e., within-minds) perspective. We take a socially externalist (i.e., between-minds) perspective, viewing both language and morality as forms of social action. During human evolution, social cognitive adaptations for cooperation evolved, including cooperative communication (social acts to mentally coordinate with others for common goals) and social normativity (social acts to regulate cooperative social relationships). As human cooperation scaled up in complexity, cooperative communication and social normativity scaled up as well, leading to the development of culturally elaborated forms of language and morality. Language facilitates all aspects of morality and is even necessary for certain aspects. Humans use language to (1) initiate, (2) preserve, (3) revise, and (4) act on morality in ways such as forming joint commitments, teaching norms, modifying social realities, and engaging in moral reason-giving.

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Elffers, Els. "Interjections and the Language Functions Debate." Henry Sweet Society for the History of Linguistic Ideas Bulletin 50, no. 1 (May 2008): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674971.2008.11827189.

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Searle, John R. "The Structure and Functions of Language." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2014-0001.

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Abstract This paper will discuss the nature of language. I find the present state of the subject, the Philosophy of Language, and the present state of Lin- guistics to be both, for different reasons, unsatisfactory. The problem with the Philosophy of Language is that its practitioners tend to lose sight of the psy- chological reality of language, i.e. of speaking and writing. Historically this is because the Philosophy of Language began with Frege’s logic and has continued to the present day to be heavily influenced by considerations of formal logic. Logicians need not be interested in the psychological reality of logical systems. Frege’s logical system is much more powerful than Aristotle’s, but for all I know Aristotle may be closer to the way people actually think. It does not matter to logicians.

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Podoll, K. "Language functions in progressive supranuclear palsy." Neurocase 4, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 95f—98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/4.2.95-f.

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Bohsali, Anastasia A., Joseph M. Gullett, David B. FitzGerald, Thomas Mareci, Bruce Crosson, Keith White, and Stephen E. Nadeau. "Neural connectivity underlying core language functions." Brain and Language 262 (March 2025): 105535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105535.

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PODOLL, K., M. SCHWARZ, and J. NOTH. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY." Brain 114, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 1457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/114.3.1457.

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Brown, Jason W. "Sabcortical Functions in Language and Memory." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 181, no. 2 (February 1993): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199302000-00015.

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Mann, William C., and Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen. "Functions of language in two frameworks." WORD 42, no. 3 (December 1991): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1991.11435839.

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Arshavsky, Yuri I. "Two functions of early language experience." Brain Research Reviews 60, no. 2 (May 2009): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.01.001.

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Frolli, Alessandro, Francesco Cerciello, Clara Esposito, Sonia Ciotola, Gaia De Candia, Maria Carla Ricci, and Maria Grazia Russo. "Executive Functions and Foreign Language Learning." Pediatric Reports 14, no. 4 (October 24, 2022): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric14040053.

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Executive functions (EFs) serve as an umbrella term to describe a set of higher-order cognitive abilities that include working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, reasoning, and problem-solving. Various studies suggest that foreign language learning likely promotes executive functions, but others suggest that executive functions could improve foreign language learning. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between executive functions and foreign language learning and how these processes could interact. The sample included 64 children from kindergarten, aged 4–5 years, with no documented neuropsychiatric disorders, and from the middle–high literacy group. They were divided into three groups based on the level of their knowledge of the foreign language. A significant effect of the group on the executive tasks is shown in the comparison of the groups. Children who belonged to a group that had advanced foreign language proficiency had better results in executive tasks. Our results suggest that the higher the level of foreign language proficiency, the higher the performance of the executive tasks. However, we do not know if there is a causal effect between these variables.

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Vallar, Giuseppe. "Subcortical functions in language and memory." Neuropsychologia 32, no. 8 (August 1994): 1035–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(94)90062-0.

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