Journal articles on the topic 'Language. Multiliteracies. School blog'

Based on people-oriented moral education, the Key Competency of Chinese Students’ Development highlights the importance of cultivating students’ key competency, which means that students should have the essential character and core ability to adjust lifelong development and meet the demand of social development. According to the High School English Curriculum Standard (2017 Edition), key competency in English refers to language ability, thinking quality, cultural character and learning ability. And on the basis of multiliteracies pedagogy, linguistic symbols and non-linguistic symbols are combined together to create a multimodal teaching environment. And students will obtain new knowledge through four main stages: situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing and transferred practice, leading students mobilize their multiple senses together when learning English and help improve their comprehensive competence, which is in line with cultivating students’ key competency in English. This paper will firstly make a brief introduction of key competency in English based on the High School English Curriculum Standard (2017 Edition) and analyze typical views of multiliteracies pedagogy, then take the reading passage, Learning English from Unit5 Languages around the World, compulsory I, PEP as an example, applying multiliteracies pedagogy to English class, in order to cultivate students’ key competency in English to some extent through multiliteracy training.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the viability of blogging over the summer holidays as an intervention to ameliorate the Summer Learning Effect (SLE) in writing. The SLE is the impact on achievement of taking a break from school over summer, and has been documented to affect differentially those students who come from low socioeconomic status (SES) communities compared with their more affluent peers. However, previous studies within similar communities suggest that the effect is not inevitable, and is amenable to intervention. Design/methodology/approach The present study is set in a group of low SES schools where students already have individual learning blogs. The Summer Learning Journey was designed by the research team in consultation with students and teachers from the schools and trialled in January 2015. The design of the programme drew on previous research that suggested that students would be motivated by interest, rather than achievement, and that literacy activity over summer should be leisure-based. Findings Initial evidence suggests that students who participated made measurable improvements compared with their own progress over the previous summer and also compared with a matched control group of students, and that the observed difference continued over the 2016 school year. Research limitations/implications The study provides initial evidence of quite substantial differences in achievement for those students who were active bloggers. Originality/value The study provides an alternative direction from current summer learning programmes and indicates the potential for designing digital opportunities for learning at times when the school is not in session.

This paper aims to further understand the future development of literacy theory and language learning in contemporary Chinese universities through the research on the current situation of EFL students’ literacy in Chinese universities and the teaching characteristics of contemporary Chinese teachers. In this study, literature analysis method, literature comparison analysis method, literature synthesis method and other analytical methods were used to obtain the results. Based on our results, the lack of literacy training is an extremely important reason for the defects of literacy skills of contemporary Chinese college EFL students in the process of language learning. The strengthening of literacy training is one of the key measures to improve the comprehensive level of literacy of contemporary Chinese college EFL students in the process of their language learning. Theoretically, the future development of literacy theories and language learning among contemporary Chinese college EFL students is bound to closely connect with the new theory of multiliteracies and critical literacy in literacy development and the multiliteracies teaching methodology in language learning. Practically, the new theory of multiliteracies puts forward a series of hypotheses for school literacy education to cope with the drastic changes facing the world today. At the same time, the critical literacy theory is rooted in critical education theory, focusing on the important role of literacy in the formation of individual human values. Besides, the multiliteracies teaching methodology in language learning explores how to change traditional teaching methods, effectively using multimedia resources, and cultivating language learners’ skills of multiliteracies.

Interdisciplinary childhood researchers have begun to advocate a shift from conducting research about children to engaging children themselves in the research process. In this article, I reflect on issues and insights that arose while working with grade 5 students as ethnographers of their own language and literacies practices over the course of a six-month transformative multiliteracies classroom intervention in a French school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. I describe this initial exploratory case study as a way of provoking discussion on ways we may re-envision plurilingual multiliteracies research with children as co-researchers.

ABSTRACT Using the lens of Street (1984; [1995]2014; 2003; 2010; 2012), this article firstly aims at discussing the contemporary literacy practices young readers and writers of fanfics engage in when inserted in the affinity spaces of fan literature. This discussion is based on the concept of ideological literacy proposed by the author and dialogues with the concept of multiliteracies, outlined by the New London Group (CAZDEN; COPE et al, 1996) and expanded by several authors such as Cope; Kalantzis (2000), Gee (2000), Rojo (2012) and Kleiman; Sito (2016), among others. These contemporary literacy practices, understood, therefore, as the social use of language, were studied from an ethnographic perspective (HEATH; STREET, 2008). Data was generated from the field observation on two fanfic self-publishing platforms and from literacy events occurring in rounds of conversation, within the scope of the Junior Scientific Initiation Project. (PICJr-049), promoted by a traditional federal institution of basic education in Rio de Janeiro. The social models of literacy used by participants in literacy events (HEATH, 1982; STREET, 2012) signals that designs are (re)shaped according to the interactional context of these participants. This article also proposes a reflection on the language ideologies underlying the discourse of the students participating in the PICJr-049. This analysis is oriented by Volóchinov’s concept of ideology ([1929]2017) and the notion of language ideology, as discussed in the studies by Woolard (1998) and Kroskrity (2004). In the analysis, it was observed that the students reinforce language ideologies anchored in the legitimation of the educated norm of the Portuguese language and in the privilege of literary canons in school literacy practices.

On-going knowledge mobilization and migration take place on a daily basis in the globalized world. Canada is a multilingual and multicultural country with a large number of visitors and immigrants. One in five Canadian speaks a foreign language other than English and French (Postmedia News, 2012). This case study examined six-year-old Chinese children’s heritage language learning in a community school from multiliteracies perspective using observations, interviews, and artefacts to understand children’s literacy learning. The findings indicated that Chinese children’s literacy learning was not in the traditional repetitive way but involved multimodal communication at school. Useful implications are made for heritage language educators regarding ways to support meaningful heritage language teaching and learning.

In this article, we present a program designed for and carried out with young children, which was based on the four-stage multiliteracies model: experiencing, conceptualizing, analyzing and applying creatively. The main purpose of the study was to develop children’s critical awareness of linguistic diversity through popular culture texts in a collaborative, creative and multimodal educational environment. The program was carried out for two school years: a) in the first school year, an intervention was implemented to 2nd grade children of a Greek primary school, and b) in the second school year, a similar intervention was applied to children of the 1st grade. In this article, we report on the results of the first school year’s intervention. The results revealed the positive impact of the program on children’s ability to easily distinguish between different types of speech styles due to geographical, age and socio-economic factors. The children understood – at least to some extent – that the texts of popular culture tend to display language diversity in a distorted and stigmatized way. The results of those implementations were very encouraging; a fact that stimulates our interest in continuing respective ventures by involving a wider sample of students and incorporating a greater range of popular culture texts.

This study was aimed to find out the effectiveness of an intervention using a Web blog to enhance the academic writing of English Language Learners. It tries to reveal whether there is any effect in the writing ability of the students taught using Web blog (online) and that of those taught without using it (offline). This study was classified as quasi-experimental research. The sample of this research was 64 students of X Unggulan Classes (XU1 and XU2) at the secondary school level in central java. Class XU2 was chosen as the Experimental Group taught using Web blog media as the treatment employed, whereas Class XU1 as the Control Group, which was not given the treatment (employed other media). Between the beginning and the end of the study, they were given three months of treatment. The results showed that there was an important effect in the writing ability of the students taught using Web blog and that of those taught without using it. It can be seen in the result of the hypothesis testing that the t-observed (2.028) is higher than the t-table (1.671).

As a unique literary genre, science fiction can serve as a motivating text to develop students’ critical analytical skills and to promote critical thinking about new technology and its societal controversies under proper guidance. In the field of English as Foreign Language (EFL) learning, using science fiction films in the classroom affords EFL learners new language-learning experiences. This paper explains how films, as a multimodal resource in EFL classes, can enrich students’ multiliteracies—specifically how the science fiction genre can develop students’ critical literacies under careful meaning-making curriculum design. A preliminary study, taking 30 students in a foreign language high school in China, is reported in this paper. Findings reveal that carefully selected science fiction films such as I am Legend and Blade Runner can serve as pivotal sources for developing EFL learners’ literacy under the multiliteracies pedagogy. Such films can also connect students with Western ideology to reinforce their identity as participants in globalization. This study further suggests that key points in successful design of the course in an EFL classroom include posing critical questions to promote critical thinking and actively analyzing multimodal texts to uncover underlying meanings in source material.

Abstract:
 
 This study aims to investigate collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing skill of Indonesian English foreign language (EFL) learners’ across their motivation. This research included a quasi experimental with the comparative time series. A quasi experimental study was employed by involving 61 learners of Senior High School. This research applied in into two groups: experimental and control. The treatment was conducted at 7 sessions, including the pre-test and post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test in writing were used as a base of quantitative data analysis whereas the learners’ responses to motivation questionnaire were used to categorize their motivation. The result revealed that the collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing was effective to enhance the learners’ writing skill. In addition, to apply the combination of collaborative writing and online blog learning, teacher should not worry about different levels of motivation among students where the students were motivated to use language.

Trips to the theatre are a regular feature of many high school language arts programs, and yet the experience of watching a play is often significantly different for a teacher than it is for a student. Placing “theatre literacy” within the context of the New London Group’s definition of multiliteracies, and drawing on the work of Lankshear and Knobel as well as audience studies theorists, this article compares how a 17 year-old girl and a 43 year-old English teacher respond to a series of plays, and considers how growing up in a wireless world shapes adolescents’ understanding of live theatre.

In this article we demonstrate how we created a context in which digital story- telling was designed and implemented to teach multilingual middle school stu- dents in the summer program sponsored by a local nonprofit organization, the Latin American Association, in a city in the southeastern United States. While implementing the notion of multiliteracies (New London Group, 1996) in the Digital Storytelling classroom, we designed tasks and activities that were aligned with the four components of a multiliteracies pedagogy (i.e., situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformative practice) in order to engage the students in exploring their multiple literacies and identities by using multiple semiotic modes and resources (e.g., texts, images, and sounds). Our digital sto- rytelling lessons show that multiliteracies practices can be a powerful venue for second-language learners and teachers. We further discuss how multiliteracies practices like digital storytelling can be adapted to other educational contexts.Dans cet article, nous expliquons la conception et la mise en œuvre d’une nar- ration numérique pour enseigner à des élèves plurilingues à l’élémentaire dans le cadre d’un programme d’été parrainé par un organisme local à but non-lu- cratif, la Latin American Association, dans une ville du sud-est des États-Unis. Pendant la mise en œuvre de la notion de littératies multiples (New London Group, 1996), nous avons conçu des tâches et des activités conformes aux quatre composantes d’une pédagogie axée sur les littératies multiples (c.-à-d., une pra- tique localisée, une pédagogie ouverte, un encadrement critique et une pratique transformative) de sorte à engager les élèves dans l’exploration de leurs littératies et leurs identités multiples par l’emploi d’une diversité de modes sémiotiques et de ressources (par ex. textes, images, sons). Nos leçons basées sur la narration numérique démontrent que les pratiques axées sur les littératies multiples peu- vent constituer de puissants outils pour les apprenants et les enseignants en langue seconde. Nous terminons par une discussion des possibilités d’adapter les pratiques axées sur les littératies multiples, comme la narration numérique, à d’autres contextes pédagogiques.

The online activities of new English language learners can reveal rich and varied literary behaviors, which are almost invisible in the middle grade classroom. While these non-native English speakers may experience cultural and linguistic apartness and struggle to express their identities at school, many develop online identities using their literacy skills in a highly productive, engaged, and anonymous fashion. When viewed through a New Literacies (Gee, 2000; Street, 1995) and Multiliteracies (Cope & Kalantzis, 2000) perspective, closer analysis of the predispositions, social attitudes, and activities of these students reveals significant educational advantages that may go largely undetected by educators in the traditional classroom. This article presents a qualitative case study, involving two English language learners, who actively sought out and engaged in online spaces where they could establish identities, practice multimodal literacies, and seek out affinity groups in keeping with their personal interests and abilities. This research is of significance to educators as it demonstrates the manner in which digital technologies can provide equitable access to literate practices for English Language Learners in the classroom.

AbstractThis paper critically examines the integration of online fanfiction practices into an advanced university English language classroom. The fanfiction project, The Blogging Hobbit, was carried out as part of a course in the teacher education program at a Swedish university for students who were specializing in teaching English at the secondary school level. Participants were 122 students who completed the course in 2013 and 2014. In both classes, students were organized into groups of three to six to write collaborative blog-based role-play fanfiction of a missing moment from JRR Tolkien’s fantasy novelThe Hobbit. The 31 resulting pieces of collaborative fanfiction, the online formats they were published in, the 122 reflective essays produced by the two classes, and interviews with a focal group of participants were used to explore how technology and learners’ experience with this technology may have mediated the resulting stories. In addition, the classroom fanfiction texts were compared with comparable online writing published in the fanfiction site Archive of Our Own (Ao3) to identify thematic and stylistic differences. The results showed that students’ lack of familiarity with publishing in blogs often posed a challenge that some groups were able to overcome or exploit to facilitate or enhance the readability of their completed stories. Compared to online fanfiction, the classroom fanfiction was less innovative with respect to focal characters yet more collective in its focus, with stories being told from multiple characters’ perspectives.

This article presents an analysis of a text writing practice, using the computer with internet access, aiming to optimize the acquisition process of writing and literacy of fifth year students of elementary school in a state school in the interior of São Paulo state. The objective of the research was to analyze reading practices, in an inclusive perspective, using the technological resource blog, as a space for dissemination, to produce a significant writing and to analyze the students' production process. The methodology applied was an action-participant research with a qualitative approach, being 33 subjects. As data collection instruments, protocols were used to record the activities, as well as the productions written on the school's blog. The results indicated a greater involvement of the students with the writing and that the computer with access to the internet can be an ally in the process of constructing knowledge of the written language of the students still in the literacy phase, since all the children have become familiar and involved with writing practices in this learning space.

In teaching writing, media is an essential aspect This research discovers students’ perception on weblogs as an educational tool in writing class in order to improving students’ writing skill. This quantitative research discussed 30 English Foreign Language (EFL) students. In obtaining the data, the thirty students of 8th semester at English Study Program of IAIN Curup were given a set of questionnaire to get students’ response on weblogs. After obtaining the data, the researcher analyzes the students response by counting its frequency and percentage. The findings of this research Indicated that the majority of students have positive perception on weblogs based on five indicators that is provided by researcher, those are: students confidence to write, writing skill improvement, Information and Communication Technology experience and knowledge, critical thinking promotion and accessible aspect. This research revealed that students give positive response to the use of weblogs as a medium in writing class. Furthermore, students also prefer to do their assignment on blog rather than write conventionally on paper. Findings of this research also advise the English teacher and lecturer to consider weblogs as medium and learning tool in school and university since it can encourage students’ writing achievement. The researcher also provide conclusion in this article.

In order to attempt to bring language learning practices closer to students’ daily lives, studies regarding Social Activity (Liberali, 2009), under the Social Historical Activity Theory (Engestrom, 1999) have been gaining space in current research (Larré, 2018; Silva, 2017; Zanella, 2017). Accordingly, as an emerging necessity from the context here described and from our society in general, environmental education became necessary, along with interdisciplinary practices, as stated in Brazil’s official curriculum guidelines. In addition, in the 21st century, with the advances of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (Cope & Kalantzis, 2001) has become even more relevant in education, being it due to communication, social media, video, and images, for example. In light of this, the objective of this research paper is to analyze the outcome of an environmentally focused pedagogical intervention under a multimodal approach, developed during an internship program in a state school. After being in contact with planetary awareness in English language lessons, students customized ecobags alongside the Arts teacher, in an interdisciplinary way. Students’ productions were analyzed taking into account their multimodal choices when making meaning out of different semiotic modes, and to what extent learning de-encapsulation happened in this process. Results indicate that students were able to achieve synesthesia in their multimodal productions, combining linguistic, visual, spatial and gestural modes. Furthermore, learning de-encapsulation occurred as students made use of the environmental knowledge they acquired in English classes, not only by crossing boundaries inside the school, but also outside its walls.

Purpose This paper aims to explore how sounds and attunements to particular organizations of sound collide across an English language community learning space. The activities in the paper come from a six-week summer initiative that connected middle school youth with community artists for writing songs and rap lyrics, making beats and hip-hop DJing. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws from the interdisciplinary field of sound studies and, specifically, the concept of aural imaginary to explore the collisions alive and in-motion across the learning space. The paper uses qualitative and ethnographic approaches to explore the research questions. Findings The findings focus on how youth hear certain sounds and organizations of sound in music as “old” and “new,” and how these shifting listening entangle talk, claims and interactions in the learning space. The findings also trace the ways that youth use sound as an active, aural resource to make competing distinctions between rapping, singing and talking. Originality/value This paper reasserts the role of sound in multiliteracies, hip-hop and English education work, keying into the ways it collides with other aspect of the learning space. The paper raises questions about what educators might attune themselves to by considering English education as already taking place in a youth aural imaginary.

The results of a study of German-speaking opposition political blogs by V. Prabel and S. Wagenknecht as examples of relevant protest practices are presented in the article. System-communicative and integrative approaches are used. The characteristics of blogs that make up the subject and collective-personal dimensions of this protest practice in the context of mediation and the postulates of the Harvard School of Conflict Studies are described. The regularities of the discursive construction of the problem, the image of the complex addresser and the addressee of the blog are determined, their argumentative, evaluative, self-presentation and phatic tactics are used. The article shows the specifics of the formation of Internet solidarity, the reflection in the analyzed practice of the phenomenon of mediation at the level of society and the individual, including the manifestation of the attributes of the changing thinking of the subjects of communication, due to the globalization of information processes and the characteristics of modern mediation in the political sphere. The postulates of the concept of “principle negotiations” by R. Fisher and W. Ury, aimed at constructivizing the conflict, and their observance by the addresser and addressee of the blog are examined, which makes it possible to assess the satisfactory communication of the parties. The inherent features of blogs that are relevant to different conflict resolution strategies are described. The results contribute to the study of the contingence of technological and sociocultural changes and can be applied in the field of conflict management.

Neste artigo abordamos a produção de gêneros textuais, mediada pela Sequência Didática, metodologia por meio da qual é possível ensinar modularmente um gênero. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar que o ensino de gêneros desenvolvido de forma modularpode auxiliar os estudantes na construçãode textos de forma adequada. Assim, descrevemos parte de uma experiência desenvolvida em uma escola pública de ensino médio, na qual os alunos do 2º ano produziram uma resenha de filme a ser veiculada na escola e em um blog. Para isso, nos embasamos em autores como Dolz et al., (2010) e Bronckart(2007), que consideram a linguagem como forma de interação e o gênero textual como instrumento por meio do qual os alunos são capazes de desenvolver as capacidades de linguagem. A pesquisa demonstra que a Sequência Didática possibilitou aos estudantes apreenderem os conhecimentos necessários para a escrita adequada do gênero abordado. Palavras-chave: produção textual; reescrita; gênero textual; modelo didático ABSTRACTIn this article we discuss the production of genres, mediated Didactic Sequence methodology through which to teach modularly a genre. Our goal is to demonstrate that the teaching of genres developed modularly can assist students in building properly texts. Thus, we describe part of an experiment carried out in a high school public school, in which students of 2nd year produced a movie review to be published in school and in a blog. For this, we base in authors like (Dolz et al., 2010) and (Bronckart, 2007), who consider language as a form of interaction and the genre as a tool through which students are able to develop the capabilities of language. Research shows that the Didactic sequence enabled the students grasp the knowledge required for proper writing addressed genre.Keywords: text production; rewriting; text genre; didactic model

This article uses a comic program to graphically summarize a collaborative action research project that brings together York University researchers and elementary school teachers at Joyce Public School in northwest Toronto to experimentally develop multiliteracies pedagogies in a context of emergent literacy education. The project, which has been continuously developing since 2003, searches for ways of socializing both children and teachers into new literacies in the primary and junior grades from a grassroots perspective that operates within the constraints of the modern political machinery that organizes formal education. The teacher-researchers who work in this community of practice carve out preferred trajectories for new literacies action research through narrative projects, focusing on perspectives such as playing with the myriad junctures between and across alphabetic page and iconic screen; creating dynamic textual representations; including community languages towards globally focused linguistic learning; and creating multiple representations of a narrative thread across language, genre, and culture. We work collaboratively to bridge theory and practice using a blended model that includes regular face-to-face workshops. Now an online workspace, and in its seventh year of consecutive funding, the project is moving into ludic approaches to multimodal literacy education through gaming.

Very recently, the former spokesman of China's Ministry of Education launched a public attack on the national fervor for English learning in his personal blog (Xinhua News, 2013). He forcefully argued that too much time and energy has been spent on learning English as a foreign language, which has seriously jeopardized Chinese citizens’ first-language education, and called for the cancellation of English lessons in the primary school curriculum. Following this, the Beijing municipal commission of education announced its plan to reduce the English section of the National University Entrance Qualifying Exam (or gaokao) from 150 points to 100 points in major cities by 2016 so as to downplay the importance of English in the education system. A further report states that education authorities are also considering scrapping mandatory English lessons before the third grade. Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, as well as Shanghai, may remove English from the gaokao entirely (The Guardian, 2013).

ABSTRACT It is widely recognized that to be literate in today's world requires conscious, creative and critical deployment of language (and other semiotic devices) for different social purposes, contexts and audiences (FREEBODY & LUKE, 1990, 2003). This notion of literacy as social practice (BARTON & HAMILTON, 2000; STREET, 1995) has been extended to include the idea of multiliteracies (NEW LONDON GROUP, 1996; KALANTZIS & COPE, 2012), in recognition of the roles technology and digital text use and production play in young people's lives. However, the literacy practices of primary school-aged students, as they enact them in their daily in-school and out-of-school lives, remain under-investigated. This is particularly the case with bilingually-educated students whose literacy practices, involving texts, talk and technology, are deployed across languages. The research reported here investigated the literacy practices and language use of 68 students at three primary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Each of these schools offered bilingual programs to their students (involving instruction in Mandarin Chinese or Vietnamese, along with English). Data collected through individually administered questionnaires and small group interviews reveal these students live highly multilingual lives, where sophisticated linguistic choices and translanguaging are part of both their in-school and out-of-school lives. The research revealed that direct connections are made between the languages learned at school and personal, family and community literacy practices. As such, the students were found to attach high levels of importance to becoming biliterate, and powerfully attest to the linguistic, educational, social and functional benefits of bilingualism and a bilingual education. The research findings provide valuable insights into bilingual and multilingual practices involving texts, talk and technology. This article posits that bilingual education, as implemented at the three research sites, enhances students' learning and their sense of personal identity, as well as affording them skills and understandings they deploy in their own increasingly technology-mediated lives.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Motivation</p><p>In 2015/2016 the Zentralbibliothek Zürich (ZB, Zurich Central Library) and the Swiss Society of Cartography (SSC) presented a map blog to mark the 2015/16 International Map Year. In this weekly blog, cartographer and map librarian Markus Oehrli described and commented on 70 known and less-known Swiss map documents. In 2017, the map history journal Cartographica Helvetica published 58 of these 70 map documents in a special issue. In 2019, SSC will translate the blog into English, which will be published in its publication series to mark the 50th anniversary of the society.</p><p>During the 2015/16 International Map Year, which was initiated and proclaimed by the ICA, national cartographic societies were encouraged to organise various kinds of public activities and events as part of this worldwide celebration of maps. The SSC coordinated and organised more than 20 of these events within Switzerland. The “Karte der Woche” (Map of the week) blog, which was offered an in-depth and sometimes surprising look at Swiss cartography, was received with much enthusiasm by the general public and experts alike. During the 70-week map year (between August 2015 and December 2016), the blog provided a comprehensive profile of Swiss map-making on the website http://cartography.ch.</p><p>Map year blog: 70 maps in 70 weeks</p><p>The documents presented in the blog cover both current and historical productions evenly. The oldest map dates from before the year 900 and the most recent from 2016. The exhibits include traditional maps for which Swiss cartography is widely known and world-renowned, i.e. topographical maps, hiking maps, city maps, road maps, bird’s-eye views, statistical maps, and school maps. A relief model, a horizontal panorama, a pictorial map, an infographic and numerous thematic maps relating to folklore, navigation, archaeology, sport, etc. are also to be found. Furthermore, geo-media is also represented and includes such as maps produced by means of geographical information systems and web map mashups. In contrast, techniques that have almost been forgotten today, such as typometry and map printing on silk, are also presented. A very special historic piece is the 16th century globe by Abraham Gessner which can also be used as a drinking cup. There are even maps of subterranean and lunar worlds or maps of imaginary places. Some of the authors or producers of the presented documents are well-known cartographic publishers and federal institutions, but some are little known individuals working away on their own. Besides trained cartographers, the blog also features work by a priest, a spy and an artist.</p><p>For the purpose of this blog, only maps created by Swiss authors or published by a Swiss publishing house were selected. Another selection criterion was the fair balance among the different regions in Switzerland. All parts of the country and almost all cantons feature at least once. In order to document the global network of Swiss cartography, about a third of the presented documents also show areas outside of the country’s borders.</p><p>The blog offers plenty of background information and is spiced with a pinch of humour, without ever losing sight of the central theme – Swiss cartography. The individual blog texts were researched and written by Markus Oehrli who is a long-standing SSC member. The pictures have been published with the consent of the copyright holders. Where possible, a link within the blog refers to a high-resolution image or to an interactive map application on the Internet. The first blog entry was published on 4 September 2015 and each further blog was released every Friday until 30 December 2016.</p><p>Special issue – Kaleidoskop der Schweizer Kartografie (Kaleidoscope of Swiss Cartography) in German</p><p>In 2017, Cartographica Helvetica, the leading German-language journal for map history, devoted a 64-page special issue to the map blog. Under the title “Kaleidoskop der Schweizer Kartografie” (“Kaleidoscope of Swiss Cartography”), a selection of 58 documents from the blog were printed in the issue in a new, innovative way, both in terms of graphics and content. In addition, this edition of Cartographica Helvetica was published in digitized form on the Swiss journal repository e-periodica.ch. It is free to access and offers features such as full text search, an advanced search using various filters, the ability to browse page by page, the enlargement of pages up to about 600%, download possibility for all pages and all articles as PDF documents. The repository navigation is trilingual, in German, English and French.</p><p>English edition part of SSC’s 50th anniversary celebrations in 2019</p><p>In order to meet the great demand for the widely acclaimed map blog and the “Kaleidoskop der Schweizer Kartografie” special issue – which sold very well – SSC decided to publish the blog also in English to help commemorate its 50th anniversary in 2019. This will make the content accessible to an even wider public. With this contribution we propose to announce and publish the English version during a presentation to an international audience of experts at ICC 2019 in Tokyo. We will give insight how the 70 artefacts were chosen according to the scientific, geographic and thematic selection criteria. The composition of the accompanying texts is based upon the thorough scientific research especially carried out for this project. We hope that this approach may serve as a model for similar projects showing the richness of excellent cartographic artefacts all over the world!</p>

Recent studies indicate that language teaching can utilize humorous mass culture texts (e.g. TV shows, advertisements, comics, magazine articles, songs, websites), so as to enable students to detect subtle social meanings and implicit cultural values (see, among others, Archakis et al., 2014; Μοrrell, 2002; Μοrrell, & Duncan-Andrade, 2005; Stamou, 2012; Tsami et al., 2014). This study aims to propose teaching activities involving critical interpretation of humorous TV advertisements in class. The activities are designed for pupils attending the 5th and 6th grade of Greek primary school (11-12 years old). The aim of these activities is to raise the pupils’ critical language awareness by revealing hidden and normalized language ideologies inherent in the representation of geographical varieties in such texts. Thus, our teaching proposal is intended to help students realize the linguistic inequalities reproduced in such texts, thus denaturalizing linguistic homogeneity (see, among others, Blackledge, 2005: 65-67). Enhancing the students’ critical language awareness is among the main goals of the multiliteracies model (Cope & Kalantzis, 2000; Κalantzis & Cope, 1999; Kalantzis et al., 2005; New London Group, 1999). This model aims to nurture the students’ communicative competence through the analysis of diverse genres in four stages: 1. Situated practice, utilizing texts provided by students, reflecting their sociocultural experiences; 2. Overt instruction, which helps students realize the linguistic and textual mechanisms used for the production and interpretation of texts; 3. Critical framing, referring to the critical interpretation of a text, based on the sociocultural context of its production; 4. Transformed practice that is reframing discourse and transferring meaning from one context to another, while producing a text. Following the multiliteracies model, this paper presents specific teaching activities to enable pupils achieve a critical interpretation of TV advertisements. Our proposal aims at helping students: 1. Identify geographical variation and dialectophones; 2. Become aware of dominant ideologies regarding geographical varieties, their mixing, and their speakers; 3. Stop associating dialectophones with specific social characteristics (e.g. profession, age, education, place of origin, ability to use language variations/ languages considered as “overt prestige” etc.); 4. Identify how non-standard varieties are denigrated and stigmatized in mass culture texts (e.g. through humor); 5. Become aware of hidden and naturalized ideologies expressed through the humorous representations of geographical variation on TV advertisements; 6. Realize the reasons for which geographical varieties are represented as humorous in mass culture texts. The above activities constitute part of a teaching material implemented in two public elementary schools in the prefecture of Achaia, Greece. According to the initial results, the pupils’ performance is enhanced both in terms of identifying geographical variation and humorous phrases and of interpreting the reasons for which geographical varieties are represented as humorous in mass culture texts.

Abstract This paper reports on the findings of a 15-year-old German girl’s motivational and linguistic experiences during her one-semester study abroad (SA) in New Zealand. Chiara primarily interacted in social settings with either locals (e.g. homestay) or other Germans (e.g. school breaks). This paper investigates the nature of her second language (L2) learning motivation in different social settings, as elicited in interviews, reports and blog entries; and the dynamics of her oral L2 development, as captured in six interviews. The findings show that Chiara’s L2 motivation was highly situational: she only made significant efforts in L2 use when she considered the specific social setting valuable for reaching non-linguistic goals and when it validated her sense of self. The linguistic findings, measured in language complexity, accuracy, lexis and fluency (CALF) demonstrated that Chiara improved her already highly functioning oral skills during SA – especially fluency and accuracy – despite inconsistent L2 interactions.

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa os Objetos Educacionais Digitais que acompanham a coleção didática Linguagem e Interação, indicada ao ensino médio 2018-2020 via Plano Nacional do Livro Didático. Segundo a literatura, esse material digital pode subsidiar as aulas de língua materna a partir da pedagogia dos multiletramentos em substituição a práticas de ensino tradicionais. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas de caráter documental (documentos oficiais de ensino) e bibliográfico (LEFFA, 2006; ANTUNES, 2007; MARCUSCHI, 2008; DIONÍSIO 2011, 2014; ROJO, 2012, 2013, 2017, entre outros). Em seguida, foram analisados os Objetos Educacionais, cotejando-os à fundamentação teórica. Propõe-se, para a caracterização do corpus, dois momentos de análise: 1) a partir das propriedades estabelecidas por Leffa (granularidade, reusabilidade, interoperabilidade e recuperabilidade); e 2) a partir dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos do ensino de Português como língua materna. Os resultados confirmam que, apesar desse material digital enquadrar-se na definição prototípica, deixa a desejar quanto ao desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas dos estudantes com vistas aos multiletramentos.
 
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ensino-aprendizagem de língua materna; tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação; objetos educacionais digitais; multiletramentos.
 
 ABSTRACT:This article analyses the Digital Educational Objects which follow the didactic collection Linguagem e Interação, appointed to be used in the middle school 2018-2000 via Plano Nacional do Livro Didático. Based on the current literature, this digital material may help in the mother tongue classes anchored in a multiliteracy pedagogy, replacing traditional practices. In doing so, a research was conducted based on teaching official documents as well as a bibliographic research (LEFFA, 2006; ANTUNES, 2007; MARCUSCHI, 2008; DIONÍSIO, 2011, 2014; ROJO, 2012, 2013, 2017, among others. Then, the Digital Educational Objects were analyzed taking into consideration the chosen theory. It proposes, for the characterization of the corpus, two moments of analysis: 1) from the properties established by Leffa (granularity, reusability, interoperability and recoverability); and 2) from the theoretical-methodological foundations of the teaching of Portuguese as a mother tongue. The results confirm that although this digital material fits in with the prototypical definition, it leaves no room for the development of students' language skills, considering the multiliteracies.
 
 KEYWORDS: teaching-learning of mother tongue; digital information and communication technologies; digital educational objects; multiliteracies.

Purpose The purpose of this theoretical essay is to discuss recent scholarship in sociocultural studies of literacy – including two recent books by Peter Smagorinsky (2011) and Luis Moll (2013) and recent articles by Gutierrez and Engestrom – and to synthesize ideas from this scholarship into a coherent lens for understanding innovations in language and literacy education and in education more broadly, when language is seen as the means through which transformation of thought is achieved. Design/methodology/approach This essay uses ideas from Vygotskian theory, as interpreted by Moll, Smagorinsky, Gutierrez and Engestrom, to re-conceptualize innovation – a theme of current importance in literacy education and indeed education broadly – as culturally mediated. The author discusses specifically two examples of recent innovations in educational practice – the notion of multiliteracies and approaches to teacher education based on hybrid activity settings that link researchers and teachers, university and school. Findings As this is not an empirical study, there are no findings per se. However, the author’s discussion of innovation through a sociocultural lens focuses on re-mediation and the deliberate, conscious setting of goals as a means for construction knowledge in, and about, innovations in literacy teaching and learning. Also, the author concludes the essay with several principles by which to evaluate innovations from a sociocultural perspective. Research limitations/implications This conceptual paper has the potential to contribute to new ways of applying sociocultural theory in literacy teaching and research, particularly research that involves the study of innovative, transformative practices in teaching and learning. Originality/value This essay offers a theory-driven reconceptualization of innovation for use in educational research and practice, which has a potential value as an antidote to shallow, narrow and/or prescriptive models of language and literacy innovations that are offered to practitioners. Put another way, it offers readers a new way to think about innovation in sustainable and culturally relevant terms.

With the development of computer information science and technology, Internet has a large number of network propaganda and public opinion page every day. Through the network micro message and the micro-blog forwarding, network propaganda and public opinion have the impact on the development and stability of colleges, so the study network propaganda and public opinion has important significance for the development of colleges. Under this background, based on the computer Internet technology, the Internet erection of network propaganda guidance mode are analyzed, and compared with the fuzzy minimum production tree theory and the C language software, the network construction is verified. Finally the iterative process of finding the network transmission is relatively stable, after 800 iterative steps, numerical is slowly increasing, in which the maximum value is about 0.0001. The seven school propaganda is been as the minimum spanning of tree main network, its sum of weighted has been up to 1606.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of blogs on teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) to primary students. The study also explores educators’ perceptions of social media tools and digital literacy in school environments. Design/methodology/approach A three-step approach was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. First, the blogs of 23 fifth-grade students in an EFL class in Kuwait was analysed for one semester along with student perceptions and teacher observations. Second, a survey was distributed to the students at the end of the semester, and finally, four focus groups were conducted regarding educators’ perceptions on the use of social media, their skills and needs and problems encountered. Findings The findings showed that by the end of the semester, students were writing lengthy sentences, had fewer spelling and grammatical mistakes, were more motivated and independent and displayed a more positive attitude towards learning EFL. In addition, educators are enthusiastic about using Web technologies in their teaching practices but have several concerns such as digital literacy competencies, technology-use behaviour and lack of accessibility to digital content. Research limitations/implications The number of questions on the student survey could be reduced. Also, it would be preferable in future studies to require all students to blog at least twice a week which could provide a broader representation of their writing abilities. Originality/value Little research has been reported in the literature on the use of blogs in teaching EFL to primary school students. Most literature focuses on teaching EFL to university students. By using a mixed-methodology approach, this study also highlights the needs of educators and students in technology learning environments and makes a good contribution towards offering pragmatic solutions.

RESUMO: A escola, que é considerada uma agência de letramento na sociedade atual, tem sido progressivamente influenciada pelo avanço tecnológico. No contexto atual, as tecnologias digitais têm proporcionado novas possibilidades de interação social e novos gêneros textuais têm ganhado visibilidade. Essa conjuntura, consequentemente, demanda que sejam desenvolvidas em sala de aula habilidades específicas que correspondam à construção da competência leitora e do letramento crítico. A grande circulação de informações que ocorre diariamente por meio da internet requisita, para o exercício pleno da cidadania, o desenvolvimento da criticidade e da reflexão por parte dos sujeitos sobre as várias possibilidades de sentidos e ideologias presentes nos textos. Neste estudo, refletimos sobre a importância de os jovens estudantes desenvolverem o letramento crítico na escola e apresentamos resultados de pesquisa em sala de aula em que foi utilizado o smartphone como recurso tecnológico visando à leitura e à produção de memes. A pesquisa consistiu basicamente de três momentos: aplicação de questionário de levantamento de dados sobre uso de recursos digitais pelos alunos, aplicação de Sequência Didática e aplicação de questionário final para colher a avaliação dos alunos sobre a experiência vivida. Esperamos com esses resultados de pesquisa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca do letramento crítico, na área de Linguística Aplicada ao ensino da língua portuguesa.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: letramento crítico; multiletramentos; smartphone; memes.
 
 ABSTRACT:As one of the agencies of literacy in the current society, the school has been progressively influenced by the technological advance. In the current context, digital technologies create new possibilities for social interaction as well as it gives visibility to new textual genres. This conjuncture, consequently, demands that the critical literacyto language teaching is developed in the school, since a great amount of information circulates daily through the internet, ordering the development of critical reflection on the various possibilities of meanings and ideologies circulating in texts. In this paper, we reflect on the importance of young students developing critical literacy in school, and we present classroom research results in which the smartphone was used as a tool for reading and producing memes. The research followed three steps: 1) First, we applied a questionnaire for gathering information from respondents about their use of digital tools; 2) Then we developed a Didactic Sequence; 3) Third, we applied another questionnaire for collecting information about respondents’ perception of the experience. We hope these research results may contribute to the development of studies about critical literacy in the area of Applied Linguistics to teaching Portuguese.
 KEYWORDS: critical literacy; multiliteracies; smartphone; memes.

ResumoPartindo-se da hipótese de que o professor ainda necessita de instrumentalização para o trabalho com práticas de letramento na cultura digital, conforme apontam os dados apresentados na pesquisa TIC Educação, realizada pelo Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil, neste trabalho, propõe-se a analisar o videoclipe “Aos olhos de uma criança”, do rapper Emicida, a fim de indicar possíveis caminhos para o trabalho com esse gênero em sala de aula. Justifica-se a seleção desse objeto por permitir ao professor abordar uma didática, dentro de uma perspectiva sócio-política, contemplando os multiletramentos, as figuras de linguagem presentes na letra e os efeitos de sentido, que emergem dos recursos sonoros e imagéticos. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada é a qualitativa, categorizando-se os dados em dois grupos: conteúdo temático e estilo. O resultado apontou para a proficuidade de a escola proporcionar ao aluno uma leitura do mundo e a interpretação de um gênero que sincretiza poesia e elementos audiovisuais, a partir de um videoclipe, como forma de contemplar a multiculturalidade e a multiplicidade de semioses, conforme indicam a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e as teorias sobre os multiletramentos.Palavras-chave: Letramento. Multiletramento. Gênero Vídeoclipe. EnsinoAbstractBased on the hypothesis that teachers still need instrumentalization for the work with literacy practices in the digital culture, according to the data presented in the research TIC Education, carried out by the Internet Steering Committee in Brazil, in this work, it is proposed to analyze the video clip “In the eyes of a child”, by the rapper Emicida, in order to indicate possible ways to work with this genre in the classroom. It is justified the selection of this object once it allows the teacher to approach didatics , from a socio-political perspective, contemplating the multiliteracies, the language figures present in the lyrics and the effects of meaning that emerge from the sonorous and imagetic resources. The adopted research methodology is qualitative, categorizing data into two groups: thematic content and style. The result pointed to the proficuity of the school to provide the student with a reading of the world and the interpretation of a genre that syncretizes poetry and audiovisual elements, from a video clip, as a way of contemplating multiculturalism and the multiplicity of semiosis, as indicated by the National Curricular Common Base and theories on multiliteracies.Keywords: Literacy. Multiliteracy. Genre Video clip. Teaching.

O ensino de Língua Inglesa, na maioria das escolas regulares de Ensino Médio, tem seu foco na escrita, na compreensão textual e na estrutura gramatical da língua. Uma justificativa para isso talvez seja o fato de esses alunos precisarem prestar exames de vestibular e, na maioria deles, são essas as competências exigidas. No entanto, os professores de Língua Inglesa precisam destinar também atenção à produção oral do aluno. Para isso, há a necessidade de se realizar um trabalho com a fonética e com textos orais, a fim de que os estudantes aperfeiçoem a oralidade. Dessa forma, o presente estudo apresenta resultados de uma proposta metodológica com trabalho sobre aspectos de fonética e texto oral, aplicada a três turmas do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Londrina-PR. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: levar o aluno a preparar um texto sobre astronomia em Inglês; desenvolver um Podcast sobre o tema; avaliar e comentar de forma escrita o Podcast do colega. Os tipos de pesquisa selecionados para o estudo foram a bibliográfica, a de campo e a analítica. O aporte teórico versou sobre os estudos realizados por Prensky (2001) e Carvalho e Aguiar (2010). Os resultados dessa ferramenta tecnológica aplicada ao ensino de Língua Inglesa permitiram o desenvolvimento da prática oral, além da auditiva, da leitura e da escrita dos alunos; propiciou ainda a participação, a autonomia e a mobilidade na aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Língua Inglesa. Produção Oral. Podcast. AbstractThe English teaching, in the most of the regular high schools, has its focus on writing, reading comprehension and grammar. One reason for this may be the fact that these students need to apply for college entrance examinations exams, and in the most of the examinationsthese are the required skills. However, English teachers must also pay attention to the students’ oral production. It is necessary to work with phonetics and oral texts, so that students can improve their oral skills. Thus, this study presents the results of a methodological approach on phonetics and oral texts, applied to three high school classes froma private school in Londrina city. The objectives of this study were to encourage the students to prepare a text in English on astronomy; develop a Podcast on this topic; watch and write a comment about a classmate’s Podcast in a blog. This paper was developed by means of the literature, the field and the analytical researches types. The theoretical concepts were based on the studies made by Prensky (2001) and Carvalho and Aguiar (2010). The results of this technological tool, which was applied to the English language teaching, have allowed the oral practice development, in addition to listening, reading and writing skills of the students; it also encouraged the participation, autonomy and mobility in learning. Keywords: English teaching. Oral Production. Podcast

Students of Elementary School Teacher Education programs must be able to have higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) so that they can train students to have HOTS through learning activities created when they have become elementary school teachers. This study aims to explain students' high-level thinking skills in solving HOTS-oriented questions in Instructional Evaluation courses. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques using cognitive test instruments in the form of descriptions. Data analysis techniques use simple descriptive statistics. The results showed the level of thinking ability of students in answering HOTS practice questions still needed improvement. Students who have high learning abilities are better at answering HOTS-oriented questions compared to students in the medium and low categories. Recommendations for future research are required learning modules that can facilitate learning activities that lead to HOTS so that students are skilled in answering and making HOTS-oriented practice questions for elementary school students when they become a teacher.
 
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Contemporary literacy practices need to be addressed in school settings. That requires awareness by teachers and students of the cultural and linguistic diversity present in our cosmopolitan societies. In the field of English language teaching (ELT), one way of responding to such demand is engaging teachers with multiliteracies pedagogies throughout their professional preparation. Based on that assumption, this paper reports on a component experience of the Brazilian Government Program for Initial Teacher Education, where, in 2017, three teacher candidates planned and taught three English lessons using the multiliteracies pedagogy framework. It stands as a case study that seeks to identify the impacts of using multiliteracies pedagogy in a teacher education context, in terms of knowledge building and identity work. Teacher candidates engaged in a designing process of multimodal teaching materials and documented their experience in journals. Those items were used as data to investigate the impact of the pedagogy on teachers’ development, focusing on the following elements of design: reference, dialogue, structure, situations, and intention. Research findings suggest the positive impact of that experience, both as a source of professional knowledge and as a fruitful opportunity for teachers to change preconceptions about ELT.

<span>This study looked at the types of blog consulted by 1,298 Primary 4 students in Hong Kong and whether such consultation influenced performance on standardised tests of Chinese and English reading comprehension. When students were asked if they consulted Chinese and English blogs, 42% said they looked at Chinese blogs and 19% said they looked at English blogs. This difference was anticipated since Chinese is the mother tongue of most primary school students in Hong Kong and English is a second language. The themes of sites consulted were categorised into types: the Chinese blogs being able to be categorised into three types, and the English blogs into two. Boys and girls differed in their choice of Chinese and English blog topics and the strength of the students' Chinese and English reading proficiency clearly had some influence on the choice of blogs consulted. Factor analysis was used to group together types of blog and analysis of variance was applied to test differences in performance. With over half of the students saying they did not consult either Chinese or English blogs, it is unwise to draw weighty conclusions about the influence of blogging on reading standards. There was little evidence that regularly consulting the Internet was associated with high grades on either Chinese or English reading tests. Given the large number of students who said they had never consulted blogs, discussion of the analytical outcomes and conclusions are guarded but recommendations are offered.</span>

Providing students with healthier school lunches has a modest but significant effect on academic performance, according to a study published by the Brown Center Chalkboard blog. Roughly 20% of K-12 students are enrolled in language study, including American Sign Language, according to a report published by the American Councils for International Education. A new report, Why Rural Matters, suggests that rural students are facing nothing less than a national emergency.

Resumo: Educação em ciências pode ser associada à formação de sujeitos para problematização e construção conjunta. Essa formação demanda a apropriação de conceitos e de linguagem científica para proposições concernentes à ciência e tecnologia. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho, são apresentadas considerações sobre interações em blog sobre Astronomia envolvendo estudantes de Ensino Fundamental, na disciplina de Ciências, em instituição escolar paranaense, entre 2012 e 2015. Esta pesquisa possui fundamentos na teoria da aprendizagem significativa, destacando as modalidades de aprendizagem representacional, de conceitos e proposicional. Os dados foram constituídos por 516 conjuntos de registros, realizados pelos estudantes, pelo professor e outros participantes em blog. Os dados foram analisados considerando características e pressupostos de Análise de Conteúdo. Entre os resultados, podem ser ressaltados indícios de motivação, apropriação de conceitos e de linguagem científica. Destaca-se o papel do blog para ampliação de espaços de comunicação e aprendizagem, expressões de interesses e de relações conceituais. Ressalta-se, ainda, o compromisso docente, no que concerne às inovações tecnológicas, para o estabelecimento e manutenção do diálogo na educação em ciências. Palavras-chave: Ensino de ciências. Tecnologias educacionais. Aprendizagem significativa. INTERACTIONS IN BLOG ABOUT ASTRONOMY: TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, MOTIVATION, APPROPRIATION OF CONCEPTS AND SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE Abstract: Science education can be related to the development of individuals able to problem-pose and carry out joint constructions. This development demands the appropriation of concepts and scientific language so to produce propositions concerning science and technology. In this sense, this work presents some considerations about interactions in a blog about Astronomy with the involvement of students of Fundamental Education, in the discipline of Sciences, in a school in Paraná, from 2012 to 2015. This research is based on the meaningful learning theory, highlighting representational, of concepts and propositional learning modes. Data is constituted by 516 sets of records in a blog, made by students, teacher and other participants. Data was analyzed considering characteristics and assumptions of Content Analysis. Among the results, some indicators of motivation, appropriation of concepts and scientific language can be highlighted. Blog's role increasing spaces for communication and learning, expressions of interests and conceptual relations is emphasized. Concerning technological innovations, the role of teachers, establishing and maintaining a dialogue in science education is also highlighted. Keywords: Science education. Educational technologies. Meaningful learning.

<blockquote>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adopting blogging upon Chinese language composition instruction in a vocational high school in Taiwan. The researchers developed a model that utilises blogging in Chinese language composition instruction. Forty randomly selected students from a public vocational high school served as the research participants. The experimental instruction was employed for eight weeks; all students completed a pre-test before the intervention and a post-test after. Statistical approaches reported include descriptive statistics, a one-sample t-test, and an independent t-test. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the instructional model of utilising blogging in Chinese language composition in a vocational high school can be successfully implemented with positive outcomes; (2) utilising blogging in Chinese language composition instruction can positively enhance students' composition learning; (3) the participants possessed a positive attitude toward the instructional model of utilising blogging in Chinese language composition instruction, and the majority of participants reported feeling positively about the overall design of the blog, the teaching materials, and their own achievement in learning composition; and (4) the instructor-student interaction was positive, which enhances participants' learning motivation and compositional ability.</blockquote><p> </p>

Resumo
 Este artigo é baseado em um relato de experiência docente, em que tivemos a pretensão de estimular a reflexividade linguística dos alunos adolescentes da rede pública de ensino da capital cearense. O referencial teórico é pautado nos eixos conceituais: superdiversidade e transidioma (MOITA LOPES, 2013; BLOMMAERT; RAMPTON, 2011); multimodalidade e multiletramentos (JEWITT, 2010; SOARES, 2002; ROJO, 2012). Dessa forma, almejamos escrever como ocorrem os usos transidiomáticos nas práticas sociais dos alunos do 2o ano do ensino médio na construção de textos multimodais, a partir da perspectiva da superdiversidade e da multimodalidade. Diante do exposto, acreditamos que os usos transidiomáticos devem estar presentes nas práticas discursivas da escola, principalmente nas aulas de língua estrangeira, a fim de sensibilizar os alunos em prol de uma visão sociolinguística emancipatória.
 Palavras-chave: Transidioma. Multimodalidade. Experiência docente.
 
 Transidiomatic practices in Spanish as a Second Language: multimodality in the public school
 Abstract
 This paper is based on a teaching experience, from a perspective of the linguistic reflexivity for high school students of a public school located in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The theoretical framework is related to these approaches: superdiversity and transidiomatic uses of language (MOITA LOPES, 2013; BLOMMAERT; RAMPTON, 2011); multimodality and multiliteracies (JEWITT, 2010; SOARES, 2002; ROJO, 2012). Thus we intend to show how transidiomatic linguistic uses occur in the social practices of the students from high school of the second degree in Brazil. We will see, in fact, the construal of multimodal texts, from the perspective of the superdiversity and the multimodality. We consider transidiomatic uses as present in the classes, mainly in second language classes, in order to make the students aware of an emancipatory sociolinguistics view.
 Keywords: Transidioma. Multimodality. Teaching experience.

Vaikka kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet ovat keskeinen osa nykyisiä opetussuunnitelmauudistuksia, hakevat ympäristöpedagogiset käytännöt yhä monessa oppiaineessa muotoaan. Tarkastelen peruskoulun ja lukion äidinkielen ja kirjallisuuden oppiaineen sisällä tapahtuvan kirjallisuuden opetuksen ympäristöpedagogisia mahdollisuuksia. Tuon 2000-luvun filosofisen ja ihmistieteellisen tutkimuksen materiaalisen käänteen vuoropuheluun monilukutaidon pedagogiikan kanssa. Aineistonani luen Rachel Hope Allisonin "mykkää” sarjakuvaromaania I’m not a plastic bag, joka kuvaa ihmisperäisen jätteen päätymistä Tyyneen valtamereen. Alkaa ekologisten muutosten ketju, jossa pelkästään ihmisen toiminta ei ole maailmaa muuttavaa; myös ei-inhimillinen toimii ja tuottaa toimijuutta. Tavoitteenani on tuoda kirjallisuuden opetuksen käyttöön tietoa siitä, miten ei-inhimillistä, materiaalista ja vaikeasti kielen tasolla tulkittavaa toimijuutta on mahdollista lukea. Tuloksia on mahdollista hyödyntää ympäristöpedagogisen kirjallisuuden opetuksen kehittämisessä.
 
 How reading waste expands the possibilities of literature teaching? “Non-interpretable” matter and its reading in the development of environmental pedagogy literature teaching
 Abstract
 Although education for sustainable development is a key part of current curriculum reforms, many subjects do not yet have enough environmental pedagogy practices. I study how environmental pedagogy can be put into practice in compulsory basic education and general upper secondary school literature teaching within the subject of Finnish language and literature. I want to bring the material turn within 21st century philosophical and humanistic research into a dialogue with multiliteracy/multiliteracies pedagogy. I read Rachel Hope Allison’s “mute” graphic novel I’m not a plastic bag, which represents human waste ending up in the Pacific Ocean. A chain of ecological changes begins, in which human activity alone is not changing the world; also non-human acts and produces agency. My aim is to bring forth an understanding of how non-human, material and linguistically difficult-to-interpret agency can be read within literature teaching. The results can be used in developing environmental pedagogy literature teaching.
 Keywords: Material turn, multiliteracy/multiliteracies, environmental pedagogy literature teaching

Objetivo: Elaborar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem na área de estimulação de linguagem, voltados à capacitação de cuidadores de crianças institucionalizadas em abrigos, num contexto de Educação a Distância. Métodos: Como material foi utilizado um registro eletrônico na web com conteúdos teórico-práticos a respeito da aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem das crianças, bem como a forma adequada de estimular o desenvolvimento infantil. Resultados: Todo o material foi devidamente editado e formatado para utilização e adequação ao Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem escolhido, disponibilizado na rede em formato de blog e supervisionado pelas pesquisadoras. Conclusão: Os procedimentos de Educação a Distância podem e devem ser utilizados na área da Fonoaudiologia como recurso para capacitação e treinamento de profissionais que estejam direta ou indiretamente ligados a populações de risco para alterações linguagem, sendo importante avaliar o material e o meio utilizado para a transmissão deste.Descritores: Linguagem Infantil, Cuidadores, Fonoaudiologia, Orientação Infantil; Educação à Distância.ReferênciasMinistério do Desenvolvimento Social (BR). Censo SUAS 2017- Resultados Nacionais, Unidades de Acolhimento. Brasília: Secretaria Nacional de Assistência Social; 2018.Weber LND. Laços de ternura: pesquisas e histórias de adoção. 3 ed. Curitiba: Juruá, 2005.Siqueira AC, Dell'Aglio DD. O impacto da institucionalização na infância e na adolescência: uma revisão de literatura. Psicol Soc. 2006;18(1): 71-80, 2006.Yunes MA, Miranda AT, Cuello SS. 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Purpose The single-site case study described herein is part of a two-year professional development (PD) initiative aimed at helping teachers from an urban elementary (K-8) school learn how to implement explicit, transactional comprehension strategy instruction across grades using culturally relevant books. This paper aims to describe the urban elementary teachers’ successes and challenges in their first-year implementation of providing culturally relevant literacy instruction. Design/methodology/approach Three types of qualitative data were collected: researchers’ anecdotal notes during the professional learning sessions; teacher focus groups; and teachers’ blog reflection entries. Findings The findings revealed that the PD for culturally relevant literacy instruction resulted in teachers’ heightened awareness of how identities and social subjectivities are negotiated in and through culturally relevant discourse, the implicit and explicit bias in the school curriculum. Finally, PD served as a catalyst for facilitating students’ and teachers’ racial and cultural identity development. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study suggest that culturally relevant books which incorporate the students’ background may aid in student engagement because students are able to draw upon their culturally acquired background knowledge to better comprehend texts. Thus, to engage, motivate, affirm and promote students’ literacy success, teachers need to possess knowledge of their students’ race and culture, as well as their background, language and life experiences. Practical implications The findings of this study suggest that culturally relevant books which incorporate the students’ background may aid in student engagement because students are able to draw upon their culturally acquired background knowledge to better comprehend texts. Thus, to engage, motivate, affirm and promote students’ literacy success, teachers need to possess knowledge of their students’ race and culture, as well as their background, language and life experiences. Social implications Teachers and teacher educators must reflect on, question and critique their own work in preparing teachers to enter today’s schools as critical, reflective educators. The types of children’s literature that are selected and introduced to students play an important role in dismantling technocratic approaches to literacy instruction and strengthen one’s understanding of one another. Teachers must select books that challenge assumptions and speak of possibilities for change. Originality/value Culturally relevant pedagogy that includes culturally relevant children’s literature holds promise for improving literacy instructional and assessment practices and school experiences for culturally and linguistically diverse students, especially in environments where high-stakes testing is emphasized. It is one way to imagine a better schooling experience for students that affirms identities and honors and sustains diversity. For culturally relevant pedagogy to be a reality in education, stakeholders must be on board, including students, parents, teachers, administrators and policymakers.

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The objective of this research to find out the effect of using Navigation style in educational blogging on academic achievement for English Language curriculum (the present perfect and the present perfect continuous) to the second- grade students in secondary Medina. The search was based on the quasi-experimental approach, where research has been applied to a sample of the 30 students from the second grade students were selected from secondary school secondary Prince Abdul Majeed Medina, in the second semester of the academic year 1433- 1434 AH. The students were divided into two groups of them (15) as an experimental group studied English grammar through Menu Navigation style. And (15) students studied the same rules by Hierarchical Navigation. The search tool was an achievement test and make sure of its sincerity and firmness before actually applied on the two sets of search. And reached results that there is no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average student achievement in the experimental group- who has studied the rules of English through Hierarchical Navigation style- and the average student achievement in the group Experimental II- who has studied the rules of the English language on Menu Navigation style- in the post- test for the experimental group. The following recommendations can be made after the previous results as use electronic blogs to teach the English language in general and to teach its grammar in particular, as its use as a modern educational method contributes to raising the level of academic achievement of students compared to traditional educational methods in teaching the English language and its rules. Also, Urging the teachers of the English language to use the electronic blog as an educational method in their teaching of the English language subject and its rules by making them aware of the active role in the classroom, as it contributes to raising the level of student performance in learning the English grammar. Finally, Encouraging researchers to conduct more scientific studies that explain the feasibility of using electronic blogs as an educational method in teaching the English language and its rules in stages and educational classes other than the ones covered in this study.

As a mode of open access public self-expression, blogs are one form of the unfolding massification of culture (Lovink). Though widely varied in content and style, they are characterised by a reverse chronological diary-like format, often produced by a single author, and often intimately expressive of that author’s thoughts and experiences. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of blogs as a space for the detailed and on-going expression of the day to day experiences of sufferers of serious illness. We might traditionally consider the experience of illness as absolutely private, but illness, along with the process of recovery, retains a social and cultural aspect (Kleinman et al). A growing body of literature has recognised that the Internet has become a significant space for the recovery work that accompanies the diagnosis of serious illness (Orgad; Pitts; Hardey). Empowerment and agency are often emphasised in this literature, particularly in terms of the increased access to information and support groups, but also in the dynamic performances of self enabled by different forms of online communication and Web production. I am particularly interested in the ongoing shifts in the accessibility of “private” personal experience enabled by blog culture. Although there are thousands of others like them, three “illness blogs” have recently caught my attention for their candidness, completeness and complexity, expressing in vivid depth and detail individual lives transformed by serious illness. The late US journalist and television producer Leroy Sievers maintained a high profile blog, My Cancer, and weekly podcast on the National Public Radio website until his death from metastasised colon cancer in August 2008. Sievers used his public profile and the infrastructure of the NPR website to both detail his personal experience and bring together a community of people also affected by cancer or moved by his thoughts and experiences. The blogger Brainhell came to my attention through blogsphere comments and tributes when he died in February 2008. Spanning more than four years, Brainhell’s witty and charming blog attracted a significant audience and numerous comments, particularly toward the end of his life as the signs of his deteriorating motor system as a result of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or “Lou Gherig’s disease”) riddled his intimate posts. Another blog of interest to me here, called Humanities Researcher, incorporates academic Stephanie Trigg’s period of illness and recovery from breast cancer within a pre-existing and ongoing blog about the intersection between professional and personal life. As I had crossed paths with Trigg while at Melbourne University, I was always interested in her blog. But her diagnosis with breast cancer and subsequent accounts of tests, the pain and debilitation of treatment and recovery within her blog also offer valuable insight into the role of online technologies in affecting experiences of illness and for the process of recovery.The subject matter of illness blogs revolves around significant personal transformations as a result of serious illness or trauma: transformations of everyday life, of body and emotional states, relationships, physical appearance, and the loss or recovery of physical ability. It is not my intention in this brief analysis to overgeneralise on the basis of some relatively limited observations. However, many blogs written in response to illness stand out for what they reveal about the shifting location or locatability of self, experience and the events of ongoing illness and thus how we can conceptualise the inherent “privacy” of illness as personal experience. Self-expression here is encompassing of the possibilities through which illness can be experienced – not as representation of that experience, a performance of a disembodied self (though these notions have their merits) – but an expressive element of the substance of the illness as it is experienced over time, as it affects the bodies, thoughts, events and relationships of individuals moving toward a state of full recovery or untimely death. Locating Oneself OnlineMany authors currently examining the role of online spaces in the lives of sufferers of serious illness see online communication as providing a means for configuring experience as a meaningful and coherent story, and thus conferring, or we could say recovering, a sense of agency amidst a tumultuous and ongoing battle with serious illness (Orgad, Pitts). In her study of breast cancer discussion forums, message boards and websites, Orgad (4) notes their role in regaining “the fundamentals disturbed by cancer” (see also Bury). Well before the emergence of online spaces, the act or writing has been seen as “a crucial affirmation of living, a statement against fearfulness, invisibility and silence” (Orgad, 67; Lorde, 61). For many decades scientists have asserted that “brief structured writing sessions can significantly improve mental and physical health for some groups of people” (Singer and Singer 485). The Internet has provided an infrastructure for bringing personal experiences of illness into the public realm, enabling a new level of visibility. Much of the work on illness and the Internet focuses on the liberatory and empowering act of story telling and “disembodied” self-expression. Discussion forums and cancer websites enable the formation of patient led “discourse communities” (Wuthnow). Online spaces such as discussion forums help their participants gain a foothold within a world they share with other sufferers, building communities of practice (Wegner) around specific forms of illness. In this way, these forms of self-expression and communication enable the sufferer of serious illness to counter the modes by which they are made “subjects”, in the Foucauldian sense, of medical discourse. All illness narratives are defined and constructed socially, and are infused with relations of power (Sontag; Foucault, Birth of the Clinic). Forms of online communication have shifted productive practice from professions to patients. Blogs, like discussion forums, websites, email lists etc., have come to play a central role in this contemporary shift. When Lovink (6) describes blogs as a “technology of the self” he points to their role in “self-fashioning”. Blogs written about and in the context of personal illness are a perfect example of this inclination to speak the truth of oneself in the confessional mode of modern culture borne of the church, science and talkshow television. For Foucault (Technologies of the Self, 17), technologies of the self: Permit individuals to effect by their own means or with the help of others a certain number of operations on their own bodies and souls, thoughts, conduct and way of being, so as to transform themselves in order to attain a state of happiness, purity, wisdom, perfection, immortality. Likewise, as a central concept for understanding Internet identity, the notion of performance (eg, Turkle) highlights the creativity with which illness bloggers may present their role as cancer patient in online spaces, perhaps as an act of resistance to “subjectifying” medical discourses and practices. Many bloggers wrest semiotic power through regular discussion of the language of pathology and medical knowledge, treatment processes and drugs. In the early stages of her treatment, Trigg plays with the new vocabulary, searching for etiologies and making her own semantic connections: I’ve learnt two new words. “Spiculated” describes the characteristic shape of a carcinoma on an ultrasound or x-ray. …The other word is at the other end of the spectrum of linguistic beauty: “lumpectomy”. It took me quite a while to realise that this was not really any different from partial mastectomy; or local excision. It’s an example of the powerful semantic connotations of words to realise that these phrases name the same processes: a long cut, and then the extraction of the diseased tissue (Humanities Researcher, 14 Oct. 2006).Partly due to the rarity of his illness, Brainhell goes through weeks of waiting for a diagnosis, and posts prolifically in an attempt to test out self-diagnoses. Amidst many serious and humorous posts analysing test results and discussing possible diagnoses Brainhell reflects on his targeted use of the blog: I am a word person. I think in sentences. I often take complex technical problems at work and describe them to myself in words. A story helps me understand things better. This blog has become a tool for me to organize my own thoughts about the Mystery Condition. (Brainhell, 6 Jan. 2004)The emancipatory potential of blog writing, however, can be easily overstated. While it is valuable to note and celebrate the performative potential of online production, and its “transformative” role as a technology of the self, it is easy to fall back on an unproblematic distinction between the actual and the virtual, the experience of illness, and its representation in online spaces. Textual expression should always refer us to the extra-textual practices that encompass it without imposing an artificial hierarchy of online and offline, actual experience and representation. As with other forms of online communication and production, the blog culture that has emerged around forms of serious illness plays a significant role in transforming our concepts of the relationship between online and offline spaces. In his My Cancer blog, Sievers often refers to “Cancer World”. He notes, for example, the many “passing friends” he makes in Cancer World through the medical staff and other regular patients at the radiation clinic, and refers to the equipment that sustains his life as the accoutrements of this world. His blog posts revolved around an articulation of the intricacies of this “world” that is in some ways a means of making sense of that world, but is also expressive of it. Sievers tries to explain the notion of Cancer World as a transformation of status between insider & outsider: “once we cross over into Cancer World, we become strangers in a strange land. What to expect, what to hope for, what to fear – none of those are clear right now” (My Cancer, 30 June 2008). Part of his struggle with the illness is also with the expression of himself as encompassed by this new “world” of the effects and activities of cancer. In a similar way, in her Humanities Researcher blog Trigg describes in beautiful detail the processes, routines and relationships formed during radiation treatment. I see these accounts of the textures of cancer spaces as lying at the point of juncture between expression and experience, not as a disembodied, emancipatory realm free from the fetters of illness and the everyday “real” self, but always encompassed by, and encompassing them, and in this way shifting what might be understood to remain “private” in personal experience and self-expression. Blogs as Public Diary Axel Bruns (171), following Matthew Rothenberg, characterises blogs as an accessible technological extension of the personal home page, gaining popularity in the late 1990s because they provided more easy to use templates and web publishing tools than earlier webpage applications. Personalised self expression is a defining element. However, the temporal quality of the reverse chronological, timestamped entry is equally significant for Bruns (171). Taking a broader focus to Bruns, who is most interested in the potential democratisation of media in news related blogs, Lovink sees the experimentation with a “public diary” format as fundamental, signalling their “productive contradiction between public and private” (Lovink 6). A diary may be written for posterity but it is primarily a secretive mode of communication. While blogs may mirror the temporal form of a diary, their intimate focus on self-expression of experience, thoughts and feelings, they do so in a very different communicative context.Despite research suggesting that a majority of bloggers report that they post primarily “for themselves” (Lenhart and Fox) – meaning that they do not deliberately seek a broad audience or readership – the step of making experiences and thoughts so widely accessible cannot be overlooked in any account of blogging. The question of audience or readership, for example, concerns Trigg in her Humanities Researcher blog: The immediacy of a blog distinguishes it from a journal or diary. I wrote for myself, of course, but also for a readership I could measure and chart and hear from, sometimes within minutes of posting. Mostly I don’t know who my readers are, but the kindness and friendship that come to me through the blog gave me courage to write about the intimacies of my treatment; and to chart the emotional upheaval it produced. (Trigg)In their ability to produce a comprehensive expression of the events, experiences, thoughts and feelings of an individual, blogs differ to other forms of online communication such as discussion forums or email lists. Illness blogs are perhaps an extreme example, an open mode of self-expression often arising abruptly in reaction to a life transforming diagnosis and tracking the process of recovery or deterioration, usually ending with remission or death. Brainhell’s blog begins with MRI results, and a series of posts about medical examination and self-examination regarding his mystery condition: So the MRI shows there is something on my brain that is not supposed to be there. The doctor thinks it is not a tumor. That would be good news. …As long as you are alive and have someone to complain to, you ain’t bad off. I am alive and I am complaining about a mystery spot on my brain, and lazy limbs. (Brainhell, 24 Dec. 2003)Brainhell spent many weeks documenting his search for a diagnosis, and continued writing up to his final deterioration and death in 2008. His final posts convey his physical deterioration in truncated sentences, spelling errors and mangled words. In one post he expresses his inability to wake his caregiver and to communicate his distress and physical discomfort at having to pee: when he snorted on waking, i shrieked and he got me up. splayed uncomfortably in the wc as he put dry clothes on me, i was gifted with his words: “you choose this, not me. you want to make it hard, what can i do?” (Brainhell, 13 Jan. 2008). The temporal and continuous format of the blog traverses the visceral, corporeal transformations of body and thought over time. The diary format goes beyond a straightforward narrative form in being far more experiential and even experimental in its self-reflective expression of the events of daily life, thoughts, feelings and states of being. Its public format bears directly on its role in shaping the communicative context in which that expression takes place, and thus to an extent shapes the experience of the illness itself. Nowhere does the expressive substance of the blog so fully encompass the possibilities through which the illness could be experienced than in the author’s death. At this point the blog feels like it is more than a catalogue, dialogue or self-presentation of a struggle with illness. It may take on the form of a memorial (see for example Tom’s Road to Recovery) – a recovery of the self expressed in the daily physical demise, through data maintained in the memory of servers. Ultimately the blog stands as a complex trace of the life lived within its posts. Brainhell’s lengthy blog exemplifies this quite hauntingly. Revealing the Private in Public Blogs exemplify a further step in the transformation of notions of public and private brought about by information and screen technologies. McQuire (103) refers to contemporary screen and Internet culture as “a social setting in which personal identity is subject to new exigencies”. Reality television, such as Big Brother, has promoted “a new mode for the public viewing of private life” (McQuire 114) contributing to the normalisation of open access to personal, intimate revelations, actions and experiences. However, privacy is “an elusive concept” that relates as much to information and property as to self-expression and personal experience (McCullagh). That is, what we consider private to an individual is itself constituted by our variable categories of personal information, material or immaterial possessions, or what counts as an expression of personal experience. Some analysts of online storytelling in the context of illness recognise the unsustainability of the distinction between public and private, but nonetheless rely on the notion of a continuum upon which activities or events could be considered as experienced in a public or private space (Orgad, 129-133). One of the characteristics of a blog, unlike other forms of online communication such as chat, discussion forums and email, is its predominantly public and openly accessible form. Though many illness bloggers do not seem to seek anonymity or hold back in allowing massive access to their self-expression and personal experience, a tension always seems to be there in the background. Identification through the proper name simply implies potential broader effects of blog writing, a pairing of the personal expressions with the person who expresses them in broader daily interactions and relationships. As already “public” figures, Stephanie Trigg and Leroy Sievers choose to forego anonymity, while Brainhell adopted his alias from the beginning and guarded his anonymity carefully. Each of these bloggers, however, shows signs of grappling with the public character of their site, and the interaction between the blog and their everyday life and relationships. In his etiquette page, Brainhell seems unclear about his readership, noting that his blog is for “friends and soul-mates, and complete strangers too”, but that he has not shared it with his family or all of his friends. He goes on to say: You may not have been invited but you are still welcome here. I made it public so that anyone could read it. Total strangers are welcome. Invited friends are welcome. But of those invited friends, I ask you to ask me before you out me as the blog author, or share the blog with other people who already know me. (Brainhell, 18 Feb. 2004) After his death Ratty took steps to continue to maintain his anonymity, vetting many comments and deleting others to “honor BH’s wishes as he outline in ‘Ettiquett for This Blog”’ (Brainhell, 2 Feb. 2008). In Leroy Sievers’ blog, one post exploring the conflict raised by publicly “sharing” his experiences provoked an interesting discussion. He relays a comment sent to him by a woman named Cherie: I have stage four colorectal cancer with liver mets. This is a strange journey, one I am not entirely sure I can share with my loved ones. I am scared it might rob them of the hope I see in their eyes. The hope which I sometimes don’t believe in. (My Cancer, 26 July 2006) Sievers struggles with this question: “How do you balance the need to talk about what is happening to you with the tears of a close friend when you tell him or her the truth? There’s no simple answer.” The blog, in this sense, seems to offer a more legitimate space for the ongoing, detailed expression of these difficult and affective, and traditionally private experiences. In some posts the privacy of the body and bodily experiences is directly challenged or re-negotiated. Stephanie Trigg was concerned with the effect of the blog on her interactions with colleagues. But another interesting dilemma presents itself to her when she is describing the physical effects of cancer, surgery and radiation treatment on her breast, and forces herself to hold back from comparing with the healthy breast: “it's not a medical breast, so I can't write about it here” (Humanities Researcher, 10 Jan. 2007). One prostate cancer blogger, identified as rdavisjr, seems to have no difficulties expressing the details of a physical intrusion on his “privacy” in the far more open forum of his blog: The pull-around ceiling mounted screen was missing (laundry?), so Kelly was called into the room and told to make a screen with a bed sheet. So here I am with one woman sticking her finger up my ass, while another woman is standing in front of the door holding an outstretched bed sheet under her chin (guess she wanted a view!)The screen was necessary to ensure my privacy in the event someone accidentally came into the room, something they said was a common thing. Well, Kelly peering over that sheet was hardly one of my more private moments in life! (Prostate Cancer Journal, 23 Feb. 2001). ConclusionWhatever emancipatory benefits may be found in expressing the most intimate of experiences and events of a serious illness online, it is the creative act of the blog as self-expression here, in its visceral, comprehensive, continuous timestamped format that dismantles the sense of privacy in the name of recovery. The blog is not the public face of private personal experience, but expressive of the life encompassed by that illness, and encompassing its author’s ongoing personal transformation. The blogs discussed here are not alone in demonstrating these practices. The blog format itself may soon evolve or disappear. Nonetheless, the massification enabled by Internet technologies and applications will continue to transform the ways in which personal experience may be considered private. ReferencesBruns, Axel. 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