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Guney, Isil. "Language Planning Policies In Post-soviet Kazakhstan." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609148/index.pdf.
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The aim of thesis is to analyze the relationship between language planning policies and nation building process in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. The language planning policies in Kazakhstan aim to raise the status and role of Kazakh language in political and social contexts (status planning), develop Kazakh language as the medium of administration, education, media and science (corpus planning), and spread the use of Kazakh language (acquisition planning). However, given the demographic conditions, heterogeneous and multilingual ethnic composition of Kazakhstan, the desired progress has not been achieved. The main argument of the thesis is that so long as Kazakhstan cannot develop comprehensive, well-integrated language planning policies with suitable short-, medium- and long-term targets it cannot be expected to have success in their desire to make Kazakh the state language. The reason lies in the fact that Kazakhstan consist of a sizeable Russian minority and an ethnic nation building process takes place in the country. Thus, the existing language planning policies cannot respond to the needs of the society. The thesis examines factors and reasons affecting this process. To this end, the thesis shall cover an analysis language policies and nation building policies within a historical context.
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Kydönholma, Josefina, and Eira Bonell. "Unboxing cultural planning - A qualitative study of finding the language of the concept cultural planning." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22813.
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Som invånare i en alltmer global värld, är det kanske inte konstigt att man ibland känner sig liten. Städer växer och därmed kan känslan av att tillhöra ett grannskap lätt försvinna. En känsla av rastlöshet kan göra att det är svårt att hitta något att knyta an till. Man kan argumentera om människans natur, men att människor är sociala varelser som har ett behov av att interagera med varandra, kan nog de flesta av oss skriva under på. Publika platser bör därför fylla behovet av en plats där gemenskap kan växa, men trender inom stadsplanering verkar gå i motsatt riktning. Vi behöver platser, stigar och vägar som är ämnade för oss, där det finns utrymme för möten och samspel. Vi behöver en urban miljö som stöttar vårt vardagsliv och tillåter oss att bara vara. Cultural planning är ett tillvägagångssätt och koncept som har potentialen att sammanfoga glappet mellan stadsplanering och invånarnas behov. I vår studie identifierar och utforskar vi ett nätverk av personer och grupper som är involverade i cultural planning. I nätverket är terminologin omdiskuterad och anses problematisk, vilket ledde oss till våra frågor: Vad är cultural planning? Hur kan cultural planning som koncept bli mer etablerat? Hur kan nätverket inom cultural planning stärkas? Våra mål är att definiera konceptet genom att hitta dess karaktäristiska språk. Detta för att hitta ett gemensamt språkbruk som nätverket kan använda. Vi kallar detta för unboxing cultural planning. Huvudfokus i denna studie är konceptet cultural planning. Då konceptet är så pass omfattande och mångsidigt, kommer vi att undersöka det genom olika teoretiska perspektiv baserade på olika professioner, utifrån tre utgångspunkter; cultural planning som en term, som ett tillvägagångssätt och dess värdegrund. Genom att konstruera fallstudier och analysera dem genom fyra relevanta teorier, kommer vi göra ett förslag på hur konceptet och nätverket kan bli mer etablerat.<br>As citizens in an increasingly global and digitalized world, everyone feels small from time to time. Cities expand and at the same time the sense of belonging to a neighbourhood decrease. It is hard to find a way to root ourselves. While arguments occur over human nature, it is safe to assert that humans are social beings, and we have a need to interact with each other. Public spaces should fill the need of physical space were communities and neighbourhoods can meet, but trends in city planning move in different directions. We need places, paths and roads that are built for us, where there is room for interaction and encounters. We need an urban everyday life that allows us being human. Cultural planning is an approach and concept that has the potential to fill the void between city planning and citizens’ needs. When talking about tools in the field of cultural planning, we must ask what tools exist and how do we use them? In this thesis we identify and explore a network of people and groups involved with cultural planning, as well as the different tools associated with it. Within the network, the term cultural planning is discussed as problematic. This led us to our questions: How is cultural planning conceptualized? How can cultural planning become more established and recognized? And how can the cultural planning network be strengthened?Our goals are to unbox the concept of cultural planning by finding its language, and during our process help the network in their future work of communicating cultural planning. We call this unboxing cultural planning. The central focus of this study is the concept of cultural planning. Since the concept is complex and not yet established, we will examine cultural planning from three starting points. Using perspectives from different professions and practitioners, we explore cultural planning as a term, as an approach, and as a collection of core values. By constructing case studies and analysing them through four relevant terms, we suggest on how to widen the concept and network of cultural planning.
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Ramanarayanan, Vikram. "Toward understanding speech planning by observing its execution -- Representations, modeling and analysis." Thesis, University of Southern California, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3643149.
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<p> This thesis proposes a balanced framework toward understanding speech motor planning and control by observing aspects of its behavioral execution. To this end, it proposes representing, modeling, and analyzing real-time speech articulation data from both `top-down' (or knowledge-driven) as well as `bottom-up' (or data-driven) perspectives. </p><p> The first part of the thesis uses existing knowledge from linguistics and motor control to extract meaningful representations from real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) data, and further, posit and test specific hypotheses regarding kinematic and postural planning during pausing behavior. In the former case, we propose a measure to quantify the speed of articulators during pauses as well as during their immediate neighborhoods. Using appropriate statistical analysis techniques, we find support for the hypothesis that pauses at major syntactic boundaries (i.e., grammatical pauses), but not ungrammatical (e.g., word search) pauses, are planned by a high-level cognitive mechanism that also controls the rate of articulation around these junctures. In the latter case, we present a novel automatic procedure to characterize vocal posture from rtMRI data. Statistical analyses suggest that articulatory settings differ during rest positions, ready positions and inter-speech pauses, and might, in that order, involve an increasing degree of active control by the cognitive speech planning mechanism. We show that this may be due to the fact that postures assumed during pauses are significantly more mechanically advantageous than postures assumed during absolute rest. In other words, inter-speech postures allow for a larger change in the space of motor control tasks/goals for a minimal change in the articulatory posture space as compared to postures at absolute rest. We argue that such top-down approaches can be used to augment models of speech motor control. </p><p> The second part of the thesis presents a computational, data-driven approach to derive interpretable movement primitives from speech articulation data in a bottom-up manner. It puts forth a convolutive Nonnegative Matrix Factorization algorithm with sparseness constraints (cNMFsc) to decompose a given data matrix into a set of spatiotemporal basis sequences and an activation matrix. The algorithm optimizes a cost function that trades off the mismatch between the proposed model and the input data against the number of primitives that are active at any given instant. The method is applied to both measured articulatory data obtained through electromagnetic articulography (EMA) as well as synthetic data generated using an articulatory synthesizer. The paper then describes how to evaluate the algorithm performance quantitatively and further performs a qualitative assessment of the algorithm's ability to recover compositional structure from data. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm extracts movement primitives from human speech production data that are linguistically interpretable. We further examine how well derived representations of "primitive movements'' of speech articulation can be used to classify broad phone categories, and thus provide more insights into the link between speech production and perception. We finally show that such primitives can be mathematically modeled using nonlinear dynamical systems in a control-theoretic framework for speech motor control. Such a primitives-based framework could thus help inform practicable theories of speech motor control and coordination.</p>
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McKinley, Nathan D. "A Decision Theoretic Approach to Natural Language Generation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1386188714.
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Waters, Bonney Elizabeth. "Integrating reading, language arts, science, and social studies curriculum with the use of technology." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2135.
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The purpose of the project was to develop three thematic units for fifth grade that intergrate California State Standards in Reading, Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies with the use of technology. The benefits of doing so allows instructional time to be spent on more in depth study of the disciplines, Students make connections across curriculum which allows them to develop a deeper understanding of what is being taught. Also, integrating curriculum with technology engages students and allows them to have more control over their learning environment. When students are actively involved in what is being taught, they will internalize the information for better understanding.
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Pfeil, Jonathan W. "Algorithms and Resources for Scalable Natural Language Generation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1465469914.
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Bjarnolf, Philip. "Threat Analysis Using Goal-Oriented Action Planning : Planning in the Light of Information Fusion." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1108.
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<p>An entity capable of assessing its and others action capabilities possess the power to predict how the involved entities may change their world. Through this knowledge and higher level of situation awareness, the assessing entity may choose the actions that have the most suitable effect, resulting in that entity’s desired world state.</p><p>This thesis covers aspects and concepts of an arbitrary planning system and presents a threat analyzer architecture built on the novel planning system Goal-Oriented Action Planning (GOAP). This planning system has been suggested for an application for improved missile route planning and targeting, as well as being applied in contemporary computer games such as F.E.A.R. – First Encounter Assault Recon and S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. The GOAP architecture realized in this project is utilized by two agents that perform action planning to reach their desired world states. One of the agents employs a modified GOAP planner used as a threat analyzer in order to determine what threat level the adversary agent constitutes. This project does also introduce a conceptual schema of a general planning system that considers orders, doctrine and style; as well as a schema depicting an agent system using a blackboard in conjunction with the OODA-loop.</p>
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Yi, Daqing. "From Qualitative to Quantitative: Supporting Robot Understanding in Human-Interactive Path Planning." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6267.
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Improvements in robot autonomy are changing human-robot interaction from low-level manipulation to high-level task-based collaboration. When a robot can independently and autonomously executes tasks, a human in a human-robot team acts as a collaborator or task supervisor instead of a tele-operator. When applying this to planning paths for a robot's motion, it is very important that the supervisor's qualitative intent is translated into aquantitative model so that the robot can produce a desirable consequence. In robotic path planning, algorithms can transform a human's qualitative requirement into a robot's quantitative model so that the robot behavior satisfies the human's intent. In particular, algorithms can be created that allow a human to express multi-objective and topological preferences, and can be built to use verbal communication. This dissertation presents a series of robot motion-planning algorithms, each of which is designed to support some aspect of a human's intent. Specifically, we present algorithms for the following problems: planning with a human-motion constraint, planning with a topological requirement, planning with multiple objectives, and creating models of constraints, requirements, and objectives from verbal instructions. These algorithms create a set of robot behaviors that support flexible decision-making over a range of complex path-planning tasks.
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Zarnikhi, Abolfazl. "Towards a model for terminology planning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298593.
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This research is based on the hypothesis that all terminological activities are founded upon some fundamental principles which, at the same time, are manifested in sociolinguistic context-bound variations or parameters. Answering the research questions, the thesis gains an advantage of employing both field research and literature. The former deals with carrying out a comparative study and using a maximum variation sampling technique for gathering data from Termcat, TNC, DGLFLF and the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL). To control the study in a systematic way, a questionnaire concentrating on macro- and micro-structures of the target organizations has been prepared as a route map. The research also derives benefit of literature from more than thirty linguistic situations. The data were first coded and then thematically categorized according to their major similarities. The results came within three components: planning theory, linguistics of science and implementation layers. In the next step, the thesis found the second level of similarities or universal principles. The data processing continued to arrive at minor (universal or restricted) principles. The final form of a terminology planning work is determined by parameters arising out of “values”, put under nodes of principles. The values are, in fact, sociolinguistic potentialities developed and limitations imposed by a specific ecolinguistic environment.<br>Esta investigación se basa en la hipótesis de que todas las actividades terminológicas se fundamentan en algunos principios fundamentales, principios que, al mismo tiempo, se manifiestan en variaciones o parámetros relaciona con el contexto sociolingüístico. Para responder a las preguntas de investigación, la tesis utiliza tanto el trabajo de campo como la bibliografíala. En relación al trabajo de campo, se ha realizado un estudio comparativo de cuatro centros de Terminología (Termcat, TNC, DGLFLF y la Academia de la lengua persa y Literatura (APLL), usando una técnica de muestreo de máxima variación para la recopilación de datos, Para controlar la sistematicidad del estudio, hemos elaborado un cuestionario centrándonos en la microestructura y la macroestructura de las cuatro organizaciones, presentado en forma de hoja de ruta. La investigación presenta además los datos de una treintena de otros casos, a partir de los datos aportados por la bibliografía. Los datos recopilados han sido codificados y luego categorizados temáticamente sobre la base de sus similitudes principales. Los resultados se han organizado en tres componentes: la teoría de la planificación, la lingüística de la ciencia y las fases de aplicación. A continuación hemos analizado el segundo nivel de similitudes o principios universales. A través del procesamiento de los datos hemos establecido a principios de importancia menor (principios restringidos). En definitiva, un proyecto de planificación teinológica se concreta a partir de los parámetros derivados de "valores" o principios. Los valores son, de hecho, potencialidades sociolingüísticas limitadas por el entorno ecolingüístico específico.
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Rurangirwa, Straton. "Les politiques linguistiques du Rwanda. Enjeux, bilan et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030031.
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Toute la population du Rwanda parle une même langue, le kinyarwanda, à la fois langue nationale et officielle. Cette homogénéité linguistique « de surface » se présente comme l’arbre qui cache la forêt d’une relative diversité linguistique « en profondeur » (dialectes, langues africaines et européennes en présence). L’heure n’est pas encore au chaos, mais l’adoption du trilinguisme officielle en 1996 [(kinyarwanda-français-anglais) impose, plus que par le passé, la définition d’une politique de gestion de la situation sociolinguistique du Rwanda, notamment par la détermination claire, par une loi linguistique, des fonctions des langues officielles dans les différents domaines, pour régler les problèmes qui se posent depuis le bilinguisme kinyarwanda-français adopté vers les années 1930. Les problèmes linguistiques et sociolinguistiques intéressent diverses catégories de personnes depuis le début du 20ème siècle. Cependant, la question de l’utilisation des langues dans les différents domaines et de leur connaissance approximative reste entièrement posée. Ce travail analyse les politiques linguistiques appliquées au Rwanda jusqu’à ce jour pour en dégager les enjeux et en établir le bilan afin de proposer de nouvelles stratégies de gestion de la situation sociolinguistique du Rwanda. Il s’agit en effet d’une politologie linguistique qui s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique et conceptuel déjà très rodé et dont l’efficacité a pu être testée sur le terrain dans différents pays ; cadre théorique qui est emprunté pour l’essentiel au linguiste québécois Jean-Claude Corbeil. Il est enrichi des analyses d’autres auteurs comme Robert Chaudenson, Louis-Jean Calvet, Loïc Depecker, Henri Boyer, etc. sur le concept d’aménagement linguistique et sur des situations concrètes. L’étude s’appuie à la fois sur une recherche documentaire minutieuse, une enquête de terrain qui a été effectuée au Rwanda auprès des diverses catégories de personnes et quelques entretiens informels avec certains intervenants en matière d’aménagement linguistique (linguistes et décideurs)<br>The whole population of Rwanda speaks the same language, Kinyarwanda, which is both the national and official language. This “surface” linguistic homogeneity is seen as a tree that hides a forest of a relatively “in depth” linguistic diversity (dialects, African and European languages). It is not yet time for chaos but the adoption of official trilingualism (Kinyarwanda-French-English) requires more than ever before the definition of the policy of managing the sociolinguistic situation of Rwanda, namely by clear determination, by a linguistic law, of the roles of official languages in various areas in order to solve the problems that have remained unanswered since the adoption of Kinyarwanda-French bilingualism in the 1930’s. From early the 20th century, the linguistic and sociolinguistic issues have interested various researchers. However, the question of the use of languages in various domains and their approximate mastery is still posed. This work analyses the linguistic policies that have been adopted in Rwanda with aim to bring out the stakes and assess the situation geared towards suggesting the new management strategies of the sociolinguistic situation of Rwanda. This is indeed a linguistic “politology” which falls within the theoretical and conceptual framework already explored whose efficiency has been tested on the ground in different countries. The theoretical framework has essentially been borrowed from the Quebec linguist Jean-Claude Corbeil. It is enriched with analyses of such other authors as Robert Chaudenson, Louis- Jean Calvet, Loïc Depecker, Henri Boyer, etc. on the concept of language planning and concrete situations. The study is based on both a meticulous documentary research and field work that have been carried out in Rwanda with various categories of people and some informal interviews with some stakeholders in language policy and planning [linguists and decision-makers]
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Renwick, Adam. "Recommandations et implantation : le cas des termes des sciences et techniques spatiales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2025/document.
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La première partie de cette thèse décrit l’aménagement terminologique en France et démontre que cet aménagement fait la suite d’une longue série d’interventions par l’État en matière linguistique. Tirant profit des études s’intéressant aux résultats d’autres entreprises d’aménagement terminologique dans domaines et langues différents, une variété de facteurs supposés exercer une influence sur l’implantation des termes spécialisés est identifiée. Les méthodologies développées dans les études précédentes sont mises au point pour permettre des appréciations plus nuancées et fiables de l’implantation terminologique. La première partie de cette thèse se conclut par l’énonciation de notre hypothèse principale, de nos hypothèses spécifiques et de la justification du choix du domaine spécialisé auquel appartiennent les termes étudiés. Dans sa deuxième partie, cette thèse décrit les corpus terminologique et documentaire constitués ainsi que la méthodologie par laquelle ils sont exploités et les données obtenues, gérées et analysées.La troisième partie de cette thèse décrit l’influence de nombreux facteurs sur l’implantation des termes recommandés des sciences et techniques spatiales. Après avoir comparé les tendances générales dans les données avec celles des autres études, l’influence des facteurs terminologiques, socioterminologiques et procéduraux est étudiée à tour de rôle. Plusieurs facteurs de chaque type sont impliqués dans l’implantation réussie de certains termes recommandés. Il est également démontré que certains facteurs favorisent l’implantation contrairement aux constats d’autres études. Aucun des facteurs examinés n’est, à lui seul, capable de garantir l’implantation d’un terme recommandé, l’implantation dépendant de nombreux facteurs, leurs interactions et les compromis qu’ils engendrent<br>This thesis examines the effects of the concerted language policy that was developed and implemented by successive French governments in the second half of the 20th century. As a response to the perceived threat of the pre-eminence of the English language in so many different areas of modern life, the French state has, for nearly half a century, sought to secure the place of the French language in the present and the future by developing a series of commissions charged with recommending French technical terms to supplant borrowed or native forms considered to be inadequate, or name new inventions and concepts. The first part of this thesis describes the terminological planning undertaken in France and demonstrates that it is the product of a long series of interventions by the French state in matters of language. This thesis seeks to evaluate the real-world efficacy of terminological planning carried out in France, by identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the implantation of recommended terms. Drawing on similar studies on the real-world results of terminological planning activities in various specialised domains and involving different languages, a variety of different factors supposed to influence the implantation of specialised terms is identified. Methodologies developed in the literature are enhanced to provide a more nuanced and reliable appreciation of the implantation of recommended terms. The first part of this thesis concludes with the enunciation of the general and specific hypotheses and the justification of the choice of the specialised domain to which the studied terms belong. The second part of this thesis then describes the terminological and documentary corpora compiled and details the methodology by which the corpora are exploited, and the results gathered, managed and analysed.This thesis then describes the influence of different factors on the implantation of the recommended terms of space sciences and technologies. After comparing the global trends observed in the data with those observed in other studies, the influences of terminological, socioterminological and procedural factor are studied in turn. Several factors of each type are found to be involved in the successful implantation of some recommended terms, and certain factors studied are found to favour to the implantation of recommended terms, previous studies having found or supposed the opposite. No single factor examined is found to be sufficient to guarantee, alone, the successful implantation of a recommended term, implantation depending on numerous factors, their interplay and their trade-offs
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Dafnis, Bill. "XML Process Modeling for Disruptive Change Planning: A Case Study of Newspaper Circulation Processes." NSUWorks, 2008. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/127.
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Disruptive change transforms existing organizational processes. Newspaper organizations such as Orlando Sentinel Communications (OSC) tend to resist process change. As with most newspaper companies in the United States, OSC management was confronted with unprecedented disruptive change and challenges by the accelerated evolution of its business models and processes. This investigation identified and modeled OSC circulation processes to support disruptive change initiatives. The XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) is an XML specification and process modeling solution developed by the Workflow Management Coalition (WFMC) designed to exchange workflow process semantics and graphics. This investigation focused on developing an XPDL process model of OSC circulation processes to address process transformations inherent to disruptive change. The method was a case study of OSC circulation processes through the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework to develop a reproducible XPDL process model for OSC to use in planning for disruptive change. The investigation found that XPDL to be well-suited as the language for expressing workflow models to plan, align, and implement processes that anticipate disruptive change. The results of this research also confirmed that organizational values, workflow activities, and subflows play a prominent role in an incumbent organization's response to disruptive change. Finally, this study established that process model metainformation associated with workflow activities, transitions, and resources are core attributes in planning for disruptive change.
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Eliasson, Karolina. "The Use of Case-Based Reasoning in a Human-Robot Dialog System." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6402.
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Stratigi, Maria. "Planning parenthood: How important is it for people who plan to become parents to maintain their cutlure and language while raising their children in a bicultural and bilingual environment?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149446.
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The current study aims to investigate the way Greek immigrant couples who live in the United Kingdom and are going to have children, plan to maintain and transmit their language and culture to their future children. Furthermore, the study mainly includes the perceptions of participants about bilingualism and biculturalism. The present study investigates the importance of language and cultural maintenance since many peole migrate to a new country because of globalization. The study highlights the way participants picture themselves as parents and the practices they want to adopt in order to familiarize their children with both the native language and the societal language. The influence of culture on childrearing perspectives and plans is also discussed. Five different interviews via Skype were conducted and analyzed qualitatively with the aid of thematic analysis. The study confirms that cultural and language maintenance is essential to the participants and that they want their future children to be familiar with their country of origin. Participants are conscious about thei decision and there are also some negative aspects of their culture which they want to avoid. Traditions seem to play a major role in Greek culture; therefore maintaining most of them would enhance children's familiarization with Greece. Participants want to combine both their own culture and the host culture as well and they are planning practices to maintain the Greek language. On the whole, this study shows that bilingualism and biculturalism afeect parental practices but they could also have a positive impact on children's development.
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Zanferrari, Paulo Marcos. "Aplicação de instrumento administrativo para orientação das pesquisas em Telefonoaudiologia na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-14082013-103242/.
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A importância da Telessaúde no âmbito da medicina propagou-se de forma exponencial, demonstrando capacidade de maximizar resultados, sendo utilizada rapidamente na área de Fonoaudiologia, podendo ser denominada de Telefonoaudiologia. Os resultados nesta área tornaram-se produtivos, possibilitando educação continuada mediada por tecnologia aos profissionais e disponibilizando atendimentos aos usuários que se encontram distantes dos centros médicos, tanto para realização de diagnósticos quanto para tratamento. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para criar linhas de orientação das pesquisas dos projetos elaborados pelos docentes do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru na área de Telessaúde, para identificar os pontos fortes e fracos destes projetos, como também as possíveis causas. Para isso, inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário específico, abordando quatro competências distintas: administrativa, tecnológica, financeira e de sustentabilidade. A pesquisa identificou que 11 docentes do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia desenvolviam projetos na área de Telessaúde. Dessa forma, os mesmos foram entrevistados para a aplicação do questionário, cujos resultados foram inseridos em planilha específica, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e interpretados com a aplicação da Matriz SWOT, que possibilitou identificar os pontos fortes e pontos fracos dos projetos. Além disso, foi utilizado o Diagrama de Ishikawa para identificar os efeitos observados e posteriormente a identificação das causas. A interpretação dos resultados obtidos por meio da análise de trinta e dois projetos possibilitou verificar que o desempenho produtivo está concentrado na competência administrativa, também denominada de pontos fortes, obtidos a partir da pontuação máxima de 1034 pontos (87,33%) em relação ao total de pontos. Foram constatados como pontos fortes a missão do projeto, a qualidade das informações, os canais de comunicação e os benefícios proporcionados aos usuários, tendo como principais causas a utilização de multimeios específicos, a educação continuada, a quantidade de informações disponibilizadas e o comprometimento do capital humano. Em relação aos pontos fracos dos projetos de Telessaúde, constatou-se que a competência de sustentabilidade apresentou uma pontuação de 250 pontos (65,10%), indicando como fatores negativos a ausência de especialização da mão de obra em determinadas etapas do projeto, a falta de atualização de hardware e software, a exclusão digital dos usuários e a obsolescência do projeto. As principais causas desses pontos fracos estão concentradas na dificuldade de suporte técnico, profissionais para divulgação e treinamento, estratégias de marketing e a manutenção dos projetos desenvolvidos. Conclui-se que os pontos fortes estão concentrados na competência administrativa, sendo que o domínio desta competência proporciona a elaboração de planejamentos estratégicos, criando ações para tornar as instituições mais produtivas e competitivas. Os pontos fracos dos projetos estão identificados na competência de sustentabilidade, necessitando de ações específicas para diminuir os efeitos negativos durante a execução destes projetos pelos seus responsáveis. A pesquisa mostrou que o domínio dos pontos fortes e pontos fracos dos projetos, associados a especialização do capital humano, a maximização do tempo e a atualização dos recursos digitais são insumos importantes para ampliar os benefícios dos projetos de Telessaúde, rumo a vantagem competitiva organizacional.<br>Telehealth is a most important subject in medicine department because it shows how to maximize results and how to be used by Speech Therapy, being called Telepractice in Speech. Results in this area have become productive. It allows to professionals continued education mediated by technology and treatment or diagnostic by distance to users of medical centers. This work aim to develop a tool that would be able to create project research sides elaborated by teachers relationed to Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru in Telehealth field. Thus, strengths and weak points and their causes and effects would be identified. First of all, a specific questionary was applied which addressed four topics: administrative, technological, financial and sustainability. The research identified that 11 teachers have been a project in Telehealth area. These teachers were interviewed to questionary application and its results were inserted in a specific spreadsheet. They were analyzed through descriptive statistics and interpreted by SWOT analysis that allows identify strengths and weak points present in projects. Besides, Ishikawa diagram was used to identify effects and, after that, causes. There were 32 projects. After analysis, it was verified that productive performance is focused in administrative skill, also called strengths which effect was acquired through maxim punctuation of 1034 points (87.33 per cent). It was checked many strengths such as project mission, information quality, communication channels and their benefits to users, being their causes using specific technologies, continued education, quantities of disponibilized information and human capital commitment. In relation to weak points, it was verified that sustainability skill presented 250 points (65.10 per cent), showing negative facts such as missing specialization work force in some phases of projects, missing actualized hardware and software, user digital exclusion and project obsolescence. These weak points are focused by difficulties to get technical support, professionals for releasing and training, marketing strategies and manutention of developed projects. In conclusion, it is known that strengths are focused in administrative skills because they provide strategic planning elaboration, creating actions to organization become more productive and competitive. Weak points are identified in sustainability skill, needing specific actions to decrease negative effects during project execution by responsible professionals. This research showed that weak points and strengths and human capital, time increasing and actualized digital resources are important inputs to extend Telehealth project benefits, intending to organization advantage competitive.
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Hansson, Erik. "Search guidance with composite actions : Increasing the understandability of the domain model." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Artificiell intelligens och integrerad datorsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129800.
Full textAbstract:
This report presents an extension to the domain definition language for Threaded Forward-chaining Partial Order Planner (TFPOP) that can be used to increase the understandability of domain models. The extension consists of composite actions which is a method for expressing abstract actions as procedures of primitive actions. TFPOP can then uses these abstract actions when searching for a plan. An experiment, with students as participants, was used to show that using composite action can increase the understandability for non-expert users. Moreover, it was also proved the planner can utilize the composite action to significantly decrease the search time. Furthermore, indications was found that using composite actions is equally fast in terms of search time as using existing equivalent methods to decrease the search time.
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Carroll, Tessa C. "Language planning and language change in Japan 1985-1995." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321990.
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Ulungaki, Ana Maui Taufe. "Implications of language attitudes for language planning in Tonga." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749284.
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Ganiso, Mirriam Nosiphiwo. "Sign language in South Africa language planning and policy challenges." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002163.
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This thesis sets out to undertake research into the very important topic of sign language and its usage, particularly in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Three schools are used in this study. Interviews and questionnaires were used to conduct research with teachers, students and deaf teacher assistants within this context. The analysis of this data is presented in Chapter five of this thesis.
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Lian, Chaoqun. "Language planning and language policy of Arabic language academies in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708632.
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Cox, Linda Carol. "Teaching vocabulary through integrated curriculum improves reading comprehension." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2626.
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This investigation was designed to determine if teaching vocabulary through integrating English and Social Studies curricula would provide tenth grade students who are poor readers with strategies to improve their reading comprehension. The strategies used were designed to support struggling readers and English language development students to connect denotative and connotative meanings of words found in the novel Animal Farm to their social studies class' content.
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McIntyre, Gayle Rose. "Native language policy and planning in Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63831.pdf.
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Estraikh, Gennady. "Soviet Yiddish : language planning and linguistic development /." Oxford [u.a.] : Clarendon Press, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0606/98044256-d.html.
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Jamshidifard, Saman. "English language policy and planning in Iran." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349430/.
Full textAbstract:
Iran has been in the headlines in the recent years and decades for many socio-political reasons. Many of these involve the confrontation between Islamic revolutionary values and the foreign policies and aspirations of Western governments. Among the Iranian state’s revolutionary values there are no articulated aspirations to isolate the country from the outside world but progress and globalisation are defined within Islamic, revolutionary and nationalistic discourses and therefore the status of English as a foreign language in Iran has been controversial and questionable. Of course the English language is in demand in Iran and it is associated with globalization and progress. However, in the dominant official discourses it is often considered a threat because it incorporates Western values, allows access to these values, and could thus be deemed harmful to local cultures and identities. The two paradoxical perspectives on the English language in Iran are among the main reasons for tension and difference between top-down official policies and the bottom-up grass-roots English language learning practices of contemporary Iranian society. The state prescribes mainstream English language teaching (ELT) provision from the age of twelve, but parents who can afford private sector ELT provision encourage their children to learn English outside the limited mainstream education system. Restricted and limited mainstream ELT could therefore be seen as the English language learned by the masses, but private sector ELT remains for the privileged few. The aim of this thesis is to make a contribution to studies of language policy and planning in general and to an understanding of language policies and practices in Islamic states in particular, with a special emphasis on Iran. In principle, language policy as a sub-discipline of sociolinguistics can be studied in all communities and nation-states, including Iran, but at the same time one of the main aspirations of the thesis is the introduction of this critical field of research to a context to which it has not previously been applied.
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Gallagher, Ron. "Science fiction and language : language and the imagination in post-war science fiction." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90798/.
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This study examines the claims for a privileged status for the language of science fiction. The analysis of a series of invented languages, including 'nadsat', 'newspeak' and 'Babel-17', establishes that beneath these constructions lie deep-seated misconceptions about how language works. It is shown that the various theories of language, implicitly or explicitly expressed by writers and critics concerned with invented languages and neologism in science fiction, embody a mistaken view about the relation between language and the imagination. Chapter two demonstrates, with particular reference to the treatment of time and mind, that the themes on which science fiction most likes to dwell, reflect very closely the concerns of philosophy, and as such, are particularly amenable to the analytical methods of linguistic philosophy. This approach shows that what science fiction 'imagines' often turns out to be a product of the deceptive qualities of the grammar of language itself. The paradoxes of a pseudo-philosophical nature, in which science fiction invariably finds itself entangled, are particularly well exemplified in the work of Philip K. Dick. Chapter Three suggests that by exploiting the logically impossible, by making a virtue of the tricks and conventions which have become science fiction's stigmata (time-travel, telepathy, etc.), Dick indicates a means of overcoming the genre's current problems concerning form and seriousness. In conclusion it is demonstrated through the work of J. G. Ballard, that any attempt to throw off science fiction's 'pulp' conventions is likely to lead the genre further into the literary wilderness.
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Fathi, Besharat. "Terminology planning evaluation: the case of Persian language." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/432790.
Full textAbstract:
The strategic importance of terminology planning, its complexities,
and implementation of the policies have been tackled in the
literature from distinct points of views. The diversity of discussions
and methodologies used to advocate the dynamicity of
terminological activities and their context-based characteristics has
brought about challenges in the evaluation of terminology works.
These challenges are associated with the definitions of terminology
planning from different perspectives (i.e. national, international,
local) on the one hand, and on the other hand, are caused by the lack
of an analytical framework that can address complex relations
among terminology planning elements and criteria.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of designing
a methodological framework that can be useful for conducting
evaluations on terminology planning and standardization in the
national or local scenarios. For this purpose, I have adapted the
evaluation methodology used in development plans to the context of
terminology planning based on which I have evaluated the
terminology work and standardization at the Academy of Persian
Language and Literature. It is assumed that this methodology can be
useful for the improvement and development of any type of
terminology activity defined in the framework of language
planning.<br>La importancia estratégica de la planificación terminológica, su
complejidad y la implementación de las políticas terminológicas se
han abordado en la literatura desde distintos puntos de vista. La
diversidad de debates y metodologías utilizadas para defender la
dinámica de las actividades terminológicas y sus características
basadas en los contextos particulares, han resultado obstáculos en la
evaluación de los trabajos terminológicos. Estos obstáculos están
asociados con las definiciones de la planificación terminológica
según a diferentes perspectivas (nacional, internacional, local) por
un lado, y por otro lado, son resultados de la falta de un marco
analítico que pueda dirigir las relaciones complejas entre elementos
y criterios de la planificación terminológica.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la posibilidad de diseñar
un marco analítico que pueda ser útil para llevar a cabo
evaluaciones sobre planificación terminológica y estandarización en
un escenario nacional o local. Para ello, he adaptado la metodología
de evaluación utilizada en los planes de desarrollo al contexto de la
planificación terminológica a partir de la cual he evaluado el trabajo
terminológico y la estandarización en la Academia de Lengua y
Literatura Persa. Se supone que esta metodología puede ser útil para
mejorar y desarrollar de cualquier tipo de actividad terminológica
definida en el marco de la planificación lingüística.
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Rose, Marda C. "Pragmatic development of L2 Spanish proposals in planning talk." Thesis, Indiana University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599236.
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<p> This study examines proposals made during planning talk—a speech act that has received little attention in previous literature—to determine the applicability of the stages of second language (L2) pragmatic development posited by Kasper and Rose (2002). Although Kasper and Rose suggest that formulas play a prominent role in L2 pragmatic development, few studies have considered the applicability of their stages to a non-formulaic speech act. The current study investigated proposal production in the planning talk of 69 participants: 46 learners of Spanish enrolled at five levels of instruction in a seven-week Spanish immersion program, 12 native Spanish speaking instructors in the same program, and 11 native English speaking undergraduate students at the same institution enrolled during the academic year. The L2 learners worked in groups of two or three as they planned three different role-plays during the seventh week of instruction. The native speakers met with the researcher in groups of two or three to complete the same role-plays in their first language (L1). A total of 1809 proposals and 351 supporting moves were produced in approximately four hours of planning talk. Analysis of transcriptions focused on the realization of the head-act strategies, deictic centering, internal and external modification, and the influence of the conversational context on the production of proposals. Results of this cross-sectional analysis suggest that learners do not pass through a formulaic stage when producing proposals in planning talk. The results also suggest that the learners' production of proposals exhibits a u-shaped curve as they adhere to L1 English norms at intermediate levels of proficiency before reflecting L1 Spanish norms at more advanced levels of instruction. L1 English influence was observed in the level of directness of the head-act strategies, the use of deictic centering, internal and external modification, and the influence of the conversational context. Results point to a new framework involving three universal stages of L2 pragmatic development in which L1 influence and pragmatic expansion are more salient. </p>
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Wolfaardt, Ddolores. "Facilitating learning: An investigation of the language policy of Namibian schools." University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8452.
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Doctor Educationis<br>This research has sought to investigate the language policy of Namibian schools against the background of international literature on the advantages of mother tongue as medium of instruction during the initial years of school. The historical background of the formulation and implementation of the current policy is dealt with in Chapter 2. The theoretical aspects of language planning as explained in the
literature will focus on aspects like the underlying principles for language planning. This chapter will furthermore discuss information regarding the status and the use of the mother tongue as medium of instruction in Namibia during the first three years of school. In Chapter 4 a literature review of Cummins's linguistic interdependence principle, as well as the different options or models for a bilingual language approach in education, is discussed in detail and compared to the Namibian situation to find the best possible model which could be adapted for Namibia. Chapter 5 investigates the results of a survey that has been conducted in Namibia to determine the level of English language proficiency of teachers. These findings are compared to find a relation between repetition rates of learners, Grade 10 examination
results per region, as well as the teacher qualifications per region. Chapter 6 proposes a gradual bilingual language model for Namibia. First the rationale will be dealt with, followed by a detailed description of the model and how it is to be implemented. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with the research methodology that was undertaken in the form of a questionnaire and interviews with educationists regarding the use of the real medium of instruction, the perceptions of educationists on the language policy, and their proposals to change the language policy. Their perceptions of the proposed language model are discussed in order to identify ideas on how to streamline it. In Chapter 9 questions concerning the implications of implementing a bilingual language policy with regard to what is possible, practicable, and affordable will be dealt with. The last chapter, Chapter 10, will compare the current language policy, a policy proposed by NIED, and the model proposed here, before a number of recommendations are made.
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Ferguson, Gibson R. "Language planning in education an analysis of theory and practice /." Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10137887.
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Stark, Jamie. "Proof planning for imperative program development." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/589.
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Pickering, Jonathan H. "Intelligent camera planning for computer graphics." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274489.
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Herrera, Jennifer Ellen. "Language planning and education in Aruba: Contexts and contradictions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280478.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an investigation of issues of language planning and education in Aruba and how these might facilitate effective change on the island. The questions for this study were. (1) What are the predominant language varieties in Aruba, and to what uses are they put? (2) What is the official plan the Aruba government has put into place for educational change? (3) What generalizable implications for language planning and education surface from an in depth look at the context in Aruba? Major findings are the following: (1) The four predominant languages in Aruba are Papiamento, Dutch, Spanish and English. Papiamento is the indigenous language of the island used at home and as the lingua franca for island business. Dutch is the language of all official government documents and is the medium of instruction in the schools. Spanish language is utilized in homes of Aruban immigrants from Spanish speaking homelands and is commonly spoken among tourists and businesses catering to tourism. English is the vernacular language used at home for many Aruban families living in the San Nicolas geographic area of Aruba and is the language that dominates the tourism business. (2) The Aruban Department of Education has developed various plans for innovative change for their education system and is working in conjunction with several other agencies to bring systematic change to education in Aruba. These plans address language issues among others and are being implemented as legal strides are made. (3) In the context of Aruban culture and language, (a) education professionals have a responsibility to explore the ideological foundations of their theories and practices, (b) a commitment to structural equality is necessary, and (c) commitment to language planning in Aruba, and in any nation, requires a commitment to the struggle for language rights. Aruba's current political efforts are focused on initiating change for educational practice and theory. Aruba is in a position of unlimited possibilities to plan, design, and implement a new revised educational system that will change the culture of schooling in Aruba.
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Ismail, Muhammad A. "Language planning in Oman : evaluating linguistic and sociolinguistic fallacies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1102.
Full textAbstract:
English is increasingly being chosen as the medium of education at the tertiary level in education in the Arabian Gulf. In Oman a decision was taken to switch the medium of education in all colleges of applied sciences from Arabic to English. To assist students with the switch the Ministry of Higher Education requested all colleges to establish foundation years with the focus on teaching English. This study is an analysis of that decision from both macro language planning and a micro sociolinguistic perspectives. Three contentions were used to measure the efficacy of the practices in the College of Applied Sciences in Salalah, Oman. These were the native speaker fallacy, the L2 fallacy and the English medium fallacy. The study adopted a case study framework and analysed each of the preceding fallacies with a view to establishing their individual and collective veracity. Data collected included 370 student questionnaires, 15 questionnaires distributed to native speaker teachers and 10 to non-native speaker teachers. There were also interviews with leading stakeholders involved at the College level. The results of the study suggest that of the three fallacies, the native speaker fallacy was not seen to be in evidence at the college whilst the other two were. Amalgamating the findings leads to the conclusion that there are a complex array of factors involved in a decision to switch the medium of instruction from Arabic to English and the establishment of an English foundation programme to facilitate this decision. The results do not corroborate a view of reality that posits that external forces are responsible for enforcing an imperialistic agenda. What the findings of the V study do support is the need for research based decision making, to avoid situations where perspectives devoid of academic merit become the norm.
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Maram, Almansour Maram. "Researching foreign language planning and policy in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9978/.
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My study aims to explore foreign language planning and policy in Saudi schools, by examining the influences on foreign language planning and policy in the country (e.g. the government). Also, by examining the effects of foreign language planning and policy on Saudi schools, students and community. A theoretical framework of foreign language planning (FLP), which is based on Cooper’s (1989) “language as decision making” framework, will be employed in the study to support the data analysis process. Data will be gathered using qualitative questionnaires, focus groups as well as semi-structured interviews, and analysed using aspects of Charmaz’s (2006) constructive grounded theory.
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Thompson, Colin. "Guided planning, task complexity and second language oral development." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10568/.
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This thesis reports on a mixed methods experimental research study carried out at a university in Japan. The study investigated the effectiveness of two types of guided planning treatment towards specific language forms. Specifically, English relative clause types OS and OPREP as well as 3rd person singular and plural. Two groups of Japanese second year intermediate level learners performed a series of oral narrative tasks that increased in complexity over a three week period. Both groups were placed under different planning conditions. One condition involved ‘guided planning’ which consisted of continuous guidance towards English relative clauses and 3rd person singular and plural. The other condition ‘guided and unguided planning’ consisted of initial guidance towards the target forms and then the learners received unguided planning during the rest of the task sequence. During the treatment, both groups were interviewed about their planning strategies. It was hypothesized that the guided planning group would produce greater developmental gains in accuracy compared to the guided and unguided planning group. Learners’ L2 speech was measured in terms of fluency, accuracy and complexity. The results showed that the guided planning group produced significantly greater gains in fluency and accuracy compared to the guided and unguided planning group. In addition, both groups focused on form during the task sequencing treatment. No previous studies have appeared to investigate the effects of guided and unguided planning with tasks that are sequenced over time. As a result, the findings of this study appear unique in reporting the benefits that guided planning and task complexity produces on L2 oral development in terms of fluency, accuracy and complexity.
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Sisco, Nicholas D. "Unearthing Soil Science in Green Infrastructure Planning." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530270280777253.
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Passmore, Adrian. "Planning language : the history of planning and the discourse of reconstruction in Plymouth and Caen." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339058.
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Gao, Guo-Gang. "Planning shortest paths amongst discs." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64080.
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Crous, C. B. "Autonomous robot path planning." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2519.
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Thesis (MSc (Mathematical Sciences. Computer SCience))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>In this thesis we consider the dynamic path planning problem for robotics. The dynamic path
planning problem, in short, is the task of determining an optimal path, in terms of minimising
a given cost function, from one location to another within a known environment of moving
obstacles.
Our goal is to investigate a number of well-known path planning algorithms, to determine for
which circumstances a particular algorithm is best suited, and to propose changes to existing
algorithms to make them perform better in dynamic environments.
At this stage no thorough comparison of theoretical and actual running times of path planning
algorithms exist. Our main goal is to address this shortcoming by comparing some of the wellknown
path planning algorithms and our own improvements to these path planning algorithms
in a simulation environment.
We show that the visibility graph representation of the environment combined with the A*
algorithm provides very good results for both path length and computational cost, for a relatively
small number of obstacles. As for a grid representation of the environment, we show
that the A* algorithm produces good paths in terms of length and the amount of rotation and
it requires less computation than dynamic algorithms such as D* and D* Lite.
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Maybury, Mark Thomas. "Planning multisentential English text using communicative acts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/237035.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this research is to develop explanation presentation mechanisms for knowledge based systems which enable them to define domain terminology and concepts, narrate events, elucidate plans, processes, or propositions and argue to support a claim or advocate action. This requires the development of devices which select, structure, order and then linguistically realize explanation content as coherent and cohesive English text. With the goal of identifying generic explanation presentation strategies, a wide range of naturally occurring texts were analyzed with respect to their communicative sttucture, function, content and intended effects on the reader. This motivated an integrated theory of communicative acts which characterizes text at the level of rhetorical acts (e.g., describe, define, narrate), illocutionary acts (e.g., inform, request), and locutionary acts (e.g., ask, command). Taken as a whole, the identified communicative acts characterize the structure, content and intended effects of four types of text: description, narration, exposition, argument. These text types have distinct effects such as getting the reader to know about entities, to know about events, to understand plans, processes, or propositions, or to believe propositions or want to perform actions. In addition to identifying the communicative function and effect of text at multiple levels of abstraction, this dissertation details a tripartite theory of focus of attention (discourse focus, temporal focus, and spatial focus) which constrains the planning and linguistic realization of text. To test the integrated theory of communicative acts and tripartite theory of focus of attention, a text generation system TEXPLAN (Textual EXplanation PLANner) was implemented that plans and linguistically realizes multisentential and multiparagraph explanations from knowledge based systems. The communicative acts identified during text analysis were formalized as over sixty compositional and (in some cases) recursive plan operators in the library of a hierarchical planner. Discourse, temporal, and spatial focus models were implemented to track and use attentional information to guide the organization and realization of text. Because the plan operators distinguish between the communicative function (e.g., argue for a proposition) and the expected effect (e.g., the reader believes the proposition) of communicative acts, the system is able to construct a discourse model of the structure and function of its textual responses as well as a user model of the expected effects of its responses on the reader's knowledge, beliefs, and desires. The system uses both the discourse model and user model to guide subsequent utterances. To test its generality, the system was interfaced to a variety of domain applications including a neuropsychological diagnosis system, a mission planning system, and a knowledge based mission simulator. The system produces descriptions, narrations, expositions, and arguments from these applications, thus exhibiting a broader range of rhetorical coverage than previous text generation systems.
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Righettini, Marielena. "The effects of planning time and language levels on task performance of English language learners." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3387819.
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Abdelhay, Ashraf K. "The politics of language planning in the Sudan : the case of the Naivasha language policy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3233.
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The National Congress Party (NCP), representing the government of the Sudan, and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) signed key peace protocols on the 26th May 2004 in the Kenyan town of Naivasha. The Protocol on Power–sharing contains a significant section on language policy. Having a language policy interwoven within the very discoursal fabric of the Protocol on Power–sharing is an arena of intense power struggle between the south and the north. Indeed, it has been so since the emergence of the colonial Southern Policy. The historical social struggle between the south and the north of Sudan, which incorporates unequal power relations, is encoded in the linguistic signs of the language policy. The current Interim National Constitution has adopted the Naivasha Language Policy. The study has four main objectives. The first objective is to historicise the Naivasha Language Policy. The study aims to disinvent the ‘naturalised’ notions of ‘indigenous languages’, ‘north Sudan’, and ‘south Sudan’ by revealing their colonial constructedness. The social and semiotic processes involved in the colonial representation of the discursive differentiation of the ‘south’ from the ‘north’ are examined. The historical analysis of the colonial Southern Policy reveals the hidden agenda that lies behind what might be termed the ‘politics of linguistic indigenousness’. The analysis demonstrates that the technical phrase ‘indigenous languages’ is used as part of a metaphorical strategy of symbolic differentiation of the ‘African south’ from the ‘Arab north’. The fact that the south is to gain the right to external self–determination in four years’ time points to the political instrumentality of the notion of linguistic indigenousness in language planning. The second objective is to examine the language rights regime embodied in the Naivasha Language Policy. One of the central arguments is that the language rights embedded in the Naivasha Language Policy should not be conceptualised in essentialising and totalising terms as a set of abstract universal givens. Instead, the contention is that the notion of language rights should be treated as part of the ‘habitus’ of the concerned community of practice. The employment of the concept of habitus as an analytic tool can help us avoid the essentialist trap of the mainstream ‘language– rights’ paradigm by asserting the social constructedness of languages, identities, and rights. Thus, grounding the advocacy of language rights in the notion of habitus can provide a means of uncoupling language from religion and race in the Sudan. It is demonstrated that the colonial construction of identities in the Sudan involved, among other things, the invention of traditions, the construction of languages, the (re)creation of tribal boundaries, and the racial classification of people. The third objective of the study is a comparative analysis between the proposed structural political system and the discourse of the Naivasha Language Policy. The argument here is that a faithful implementation of the Naivasha Language Policy within a multinational democratic federation informed by the principle of active citizenship can act as both: 1) a strategic corrective to the divisive monolingual ideology of Arabicisation, and 2) a foundation for a new regime of language rights determined by a bottom–up approach. The fourth objective is to explore the relationship between the allocation of political power in the peace protocols and the language policy, and to investigate the ways in which power relations may influence the realisation of the language policy. The analysis shows that the proposed configuration of power relations would mainly affect the language situation in the south of Sudan. The thesis concludes with an assessment of the current status of the institutional implementation of the language policy text.
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Rammala, Johannes Ratsikana. "Language planning and social transformation in the Limpopo Province : the role of language in education." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06222005-152119.
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Foote, Ellen. "Beyond language : an ethnographic study of language planning and policy in the Yangon deaf community." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30310/.
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In 2007 the Myanmar government made a decision to standardise the country's two sign languages, Yangon Sign Language and Mandalay Sign Language. The project was initiated without community consultation. While this paternalistic approach to sign language planning and policy is widespread, there is a paucity of academic research that explores deaf people's responses to policy making. This study presents an ethnographic account of language planning and policy (LPP) in the Yangon deaf community, giving visibility and voice to deaf people. LPP is examined at different levels, demonstrating the complex and dynamic interactions between language policy in education, unofficial community language policy and top-down attempts at standardisation. Experiences of language use in school are shown to shape unofficial LPP in the community, influencing language ideologies and linguistic practices, as well as wider beliefs regarding language, equality and citizenship. The study also highlights the agency of the community, demonstrating how participants negotiate, and subvert, official LPP by constructing their own unofficial policy towards the standardised language in accordance with their ideologies, interests and agendas. Throughout the thesis, attention is drawn to the need for LPP research to go 'beyond language' and adopt an interdisciplinary approach in order to understand more completely the implications and outcomes of LPP. The findings also contribute to ongoing scholarly debate regarding the interplay between LPP and social justice. It is suggested that a more critical approach is required, one that questions the assumed moral imperative of interventions such as mother-tongue education and language rights.
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Rammala, Johannes Ratsikana. "Language planning and social transformation in the Limpopo Province: The role of language in education." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25725.
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Cheng, Sze-chiu. "The school-based curriculum tailoring scheme : a case study of curriculum formation and transformation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21185104.
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Tai, Yaming. "The curricular planning process of English teachers in Taiwanese secondary schools /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Chapman, David. "Planning for Conjunctive Goals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6947.
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The problem of achieving conjunctive goals has been central to domain independent planning research; the nonlinear constraint-posting approach has been most successful. Previous planners of this type have been comlicated, heuristic, and ill-defined. I have combined and distilled the state of the art into a simple, precise, implemented algorithm (TWEAK) which I have proved correct and complete. I analyze previous work on domain-independent conjunctive planning; in retrospect it becomes clear that all conjunctive planners, linear and nonlinear, work the same way. The efficiency of these planners depends on the traditional add/delete-list representation for actions, which drastically limits their usefulness. I present theorems that suggest that efficient general purpose planning with more expressive action representations is impossible, and suggest ways to avoid this problem.
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Richard, Christopher Aaron. "Data-driven logistic planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38832.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).<br>by Christopher Aaron Richard.<br>M.S.
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Hernandez, Gardiol Natalia 1977. "Relational envelope-based planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43028.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-143).<br>This thesis proposes a synthesis of logic and probability for solving stochastic sequential decision-making problems. We address two main questions: How can we take advantage of logical structure to speed up planning in a principled way? And, how can probability inform the production of a more robust, yet still compact, policy? We can take as inspiration a mobile robot acting in the world: it is faced with a varied amount of sensory data and uncertainty in its action outcomes. Or, consider a logistics planning system: it must deliver a large number of objects to the right place at the right time. Many interesting sequential decision-making domains involve large state spaces, large stochastic action sets, and time pressure to act. In this work, we show how structured representations of the environment's dynamics can constrain and speed up the planning process. We start with a problem domain described in a probabilistic logical description language. Our technique is based on, first, identifying the most parsimonious representation that permits solution of the described problem. Next, we take advantage of the structured problem description to dynamically partition the action space into a set of equivalence classes with respect to this minimal representation. The partitioned action space results in fewer distinct actions. This technique can yield significant gains in planning efficiency. Next, we develop an anytime technique to elaborate on this initial plan. Our approach uses the envelope MDP framework, which creates a Markov decision process out of a subset of the possible state space. This strategy lets an agent begin acting quickly within a restricted part of the full state space, as informed by the original plan, and to judiciously expand its envelope as resources permit. Finally, we show how the representation space itself can be elaborated within the anytime framework.<br>(cont) This approach balances the need to respond to time-pressure and to produce the most robust policies possible. We present experimental results in some synthetic planning domains and in a simulated military logistics domain.<br>by Natalia Hernandez Gardiol.<br>Ph.D.