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Journal articles on the topic 'Language of the birds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Yuzieva, Kristina. "The semantics of bird denominations in the Mari language." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.19.

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This paper presents an analysis of the semantics of bird denominations in Mari: an attempt is made to define the factors, or features, motivating bird denominations.Analysis is based on a set of words of inner origin that are part of the corpus of bird names compiled by the author. The results show that the ornithonomy of the Mari language, created over centuries, constitutes a well-shaped system. It reflects a variety of features associated with the appearance, way of life of the birds, sounds they produce, etc. Many bird terms reflect features of appearance. It is interesting to note that the names of birds not seen for some reason may relate to the characteristics of the birds’ voices. In some cases, terms are based on a combination of features. In dialects, different names for same birds may occur, as observed in the sources.

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2

Sumrall, Amber Coverdale. "Listening to the Language of Birds." Women's Review of Books 7, no. 2 (November 1989): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4020658.

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Sinyo, Bayu A., L. Lambey, F. Kairupan, and J. Keintjem. "KAJIAN WARNA DAN CORAK BULU PADA BURUNG WERIS DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU SULAWESI UTARA." ZOOTEC 34, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.1.2014.3878.

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ABSTRACT STUDY ON FEATHER PATTERN AND COLORS OF “WERIS” BIRDS IN CITY OF KOTAMOBAGU. Mandar bird (Gallirallus) which in local language known as Weris (Minahasa), and Boruit (Kotamobagu) is a bird in the family Rallidae, are a family of birds that have small to medium body size. General habitat of this bird species is swamp, near a river or lake. Weris birds generally breed in densely vegetated areas According Rusila (1994). Identify an issue in the study is the identification of colors and feather patterns, two species weris birds that exist in Kotamobagus (North Sulawesi). The purpose of this study was to obtain date on the diversity of colors and patterns that exist in weris birds of Kotamobagu,Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi. The expected benefits of this research is to provide information on the identification of plumage color and pattern weris birds, useful breeding process.Weris birds in Indonesia consists of several types, based on the results of research conducted in Kotamobagu Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi weris got 2 different types of birds that Gallirallus Philipensis and Gallirallus torquatus. Both types of weris birds have different key characters can be seen from theoutside or exterior appearance, that is the difference of colors and patterns. Key words : Weris Birds, Color, and Patterns

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CHIRIKBA, Vyacheslav Andreevich. "CHILDREN'S LEXICON (BABY TALK) IN THE BEZHTA LANGUAGE." Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, no. 75 (December 30, 2019): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc75/8.

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The author analyzes the children’s vocabulary (baby talk) in the non-written Bezhta language, which is a part of the Avar-Ando-Tsez group of the Daghestan languages. The phonetic processes and morphological means in the derivation of children’s forms are considered. The article contains the corpus of children’s vocabulary of the Bezhta language, as well as the names of animals and birds and their associated verbs, interjections used in the treatment of domestic animals and birds (calling, driving away), onomatopoeic and descriptive words, as well as a number of verbs with expressive semantics.

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Yuzieva, Kristina. "The materiality of the representation of the owl in the Mari ways of speaking." Multilingua 40, no. 4 (May 27, 2021): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2020-0074.

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Abstract This article shows how language materiality is conceptualized through an ethnolinguistic analysis of the representation of the owl as an indication of human-bird relationships. This approach enables addressing the multiple relations between birds and speakers and their perception of the environment as these are reflected in language, folklore and rituals. This research is related to such discourses as “language”, “materiality” and “environment” and is based on a case study of the Mari, a Finno-Ugric people who live in central Russia and still adhere to their folk religion. First, it sets out the Mari names which are used for birds of the owl family, then it shows how the terminology has changed due to the emotional side of humanity, and how terms express things in metaphorical way. Next, the article focuses on how the bird (owl) can be a source of positive or negative information with regard to auguring the future and how the symbolic use of birds in rituals and magical actions contributes to co-creating landscapes between human and non-human agencies. This study is based on extensive linguistic, folklore and ethnographic material, including my own field material.

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6

Magana, Edmundo. "Book Review : The Language of the Birds." Critique of Anthropology 7, no. 2 (October 1987): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x8700700212.

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7

Bloomfield, Tiffany C., Timothy Q. Gentner, and Daniel Margoliash. "What birds have to say about language." Nature Neuroscience 14, no. 8 (July 26, 2011): 947–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2884.

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8

Angel, Ralph. "Subliminal Birds." College English 48, no. 7 (November 1986): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/377368.

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9

Lingwood, Chad G. "The Conference of the Birds." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i3.1691.

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In medieval Islamic civilization, poetry was widely acknowledged to be themost intimate vessel for conveying Sufism’s hidden truths. The spiritualstates and stations traversed by adepts along an ascending path to the realityof God’s unity largely defies simple descriptions into ordinary prose oreveryday language. The subtleties necessary to evocatively describe a spiritualjourney that is, by its very essence, ineffable, necessitates a linguisticmedium that could at once reveal secrets of inner contemplation and mysticalperception while simultaneously concealing such information from the“uninitiated” behind the exoteric understanding of the same work of literature.Persian poetry, with its unique capacity for metaphorical symbolism,puns, and paradoxes, thus emerged by the seventh/thirteenth century as anunparalleled vehicle for expressing the mystical experience.The most dramatic expression in all of Persian mystical literature of thisspiritual journey is the allegorical poem Mantiq al-Tair (best translated as“The Speech of the Birds”) by Farid al-Din `Attar (d. 627/1229), whichrecounts the initiatory voyage of a group of birds through seven valleys tothe palace of the mythical king-bird Simurgh, symbol of the Divine,enthroned atop the cosmic mountain Qaf.In addition to the book currently under review, `Attar’s masterpieceinspired other renditions into English, including an abbreviated and freelyreworked edition by Edward FitzGerald, The Bird-parliament (1903); R. P.Masani’s prose translation of half the original poem’s 4,600 lines, TheConference of the Birds (1924); the incomplete prose version by C. S. Nott,The Conference of the Birds (1954), which was prepared from Garcin deTassy’s nineteenth-century French translation, Le Langage des oiseaux, and,as such, is obscured by an intervening third language; Afkham Darbandi andDick Davis’ Penguin Classics edition The Conference of the Birds (1984),which represents the poem’s first complete English translation (minus theinvocation and epilogue), is based on the oldest extant manuscripts, and isskillfully rendered into heroic couplets pleasingly faithful to the letter andspirit of `Attar’s allegory; and Peter Avery’s determinedly literal translation,The Speech of the Birds (1998), whose 560-page opus includes 120 pages ofenriching endnotes on `Attar’s use of Qur’anic imagery and the hadith ...

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10

Moore, P. G. "Eric Fitch Daglish (1892–1966): naturalist, illustrator, author and editor." Archives of Natural History 38, no. 2 (October 2011): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2011.0031.

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Eric Fitch Daglish (1892–1966) was a naturalist by inclination, a free-lance author and editor in business and, by practice, a wood-engraver of high repute. Taught wood-engraving skills by Paul Nash, he was a close friend also of other famous engravers (John Nash, Eric Gill) within the Society of Wood Engravers. He applied these skills to illustrating his own books for popular audiences on topics ranging from flowers to birds, beasts and the English countryside. Fluent in German, he translated books from that language to supplement his income in the years succeeding the First World War. He is perhaps best known for his bird books: Woodcuts of British birds, The life story of birds and Birds of the British Isles, but was also a prolific writer about dogs. His oeuvre is examined, and his contribution compared with other contemporary bird artists who embraced wood-engraving techniques. A bibliography of his natural history works as author and as editor is included.

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11

Badmaev, Andrew A. "The Image of the Lark in Mythological Representations of the Buryats." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 3 (2021): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-3-142-148.

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Purpose. The purpose of this work is to highlight the complex of Buryats’ traditional ideas about the lark tales. Results. The first section of the work gives a general description of the image of the lark in Buryat culture. The Buryat names of larks contain certain information about these birds (about their habitat, nesting sites, size, ability to sing). The lark, from the point of view of the Buryats, was a harmless bird. Buryats paid attention to some morphological features of the lark, especially its acoustic capabilities (the ability of a male bird to sing for a long time). The second section of the article deals with traditional mythological representations of the Buryats about the lark. This bird had a high semiotic status, in particular, it was recognized as a winged preacher of Buddhist prayer. It was believed that it served the good heavenly forces. Buryats attached importance to the symbolism of the color of the bird’s plumage. It is revealed that they associated the idea of werewolves with the lark. In the mythological representations of the Buryats, this feathered animal reflected the natural rhythms (the arrival of early spring) and the time of day (morning) and was likely associated with the concept of time. In the epic of the Buryats, the interchangeability of images of birds personifying the arrival of spring was characteristic, and it was associated with birds of the order of passerines. The ambiguity of the lark’s characteristics in traditional mythological representations of the Buryats is noted. Conclusion. In traditional mythological representations of the Buryats, the lark had a predominantly positive characteristic. It is attributed to the revered birds, supposedly servants of the good heavenly forces: in Buryat shamans’ epics they assist the mother of gods, while the Buryat-Buddhists recognize the lark as a bird that prays and sanctifies the water. The symbolism of color, highlighted in the image of this bird, primarily reflected gender division: the white color indicated the male principle, while the gray – female. The idea of shapeshifting is associated with the lark among the Buryats. It was associated with the onset of spring and the time of day (morning). In the image of this feathered bird, the negative connotation in its connection with demonic forces and in the chthonic beginning of the bird is weakly manifested. Some traditional ideas of the Buryats about the lark (for example, as a winged singer of religious hymns) have analogies in the worldview of other peoples, which is explained by their universal character.

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12

Tokosheva, Zh. "Names of Birds in the Work Diwan Lughat at-Turk and in the Modern Kyrgyz Language." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64/53.

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The work of the first Turkologist of the Middle Ages, geographer, outstanding linguist Mahmud Kashgari Diwan Lughat at-Turk is an incomparable wealth for the Turkic languages. With the help of this work, it is quite possible to trace the evolution of the Turkic languages, among which there is also the modern Kyrgyz language. This article examines the names of birds in the work of the scientist of all Turkic nations Mahmud Kashgari Diwan Lughat at-Turk and their comparison with the modern Kyrgyz language. It is known that most of the words mentioned in the article, apart from the fact that they have undergone only minor phonetic changes, are pronounced in the Kyrgyz language without changes as in their original form. The article examines how the names concerning birds are pronounced in the Kyrgyz language, and also analyzes some words. As a result of a comparative analysis, the historical and semantic connection of the following words in the Turkic languages was revealed: kargylach–karlygach; ular–ular; kukuk–kukuk; keklik–kekilik; kargaa–karga etc.

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13

Bourns. "The Language of Birds in Old Norse Tradition." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 120, no. 2 (2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jenglgermphil.120.2.0209.

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14

Monraev, Mikhail U., and Alexander B. Lidzhiev. "Символика птиц у калмыков." Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-78-86.

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The article describes the symbolic meaning of the image of some bird species existing in the Kalmyk traditional perception. As a rule, different species of birds in the culture of a nation have their own symbolic meaning that can have both positive and negative connotation. The article analyzes the role of messengers referred to different species of birds. The article points out the link of the bird symbolism with totemism and in particular with the selection of this or other species of birds for totems of different ethnic groups. There was a comparative analysis of the bird symbolism among different nations. The study is of great importance as there is a need for revealing the main characteristics of bird image symbols which are as ancient as any other symbols existing in the life of people. The article analyzes the ornithonyms of the Kalmyk language from the ethno-linguistic point of view. Ornithonyms are widely represented in the folklore of Kalmyks and other Mongolian nations: in the fairy tales, proverbs, sayings and other folklore genres.

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15

Brown, Cecil H. "British Names for American Birds." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2, no. 1 (June 1992): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1992.2.1.30.

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16

Beckers, Gabriël J. L., Robert C. Berwick, and Johan J. Bolhuis. "Comparative analyses of speech and language converge on birds." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 6 (December 2014): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003956.

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AbstractUnlike nonhuman primates, thousands of bird species have articulatory capabilities that equal or surpass those of humans, and they develop their vocalizations through vocal imitation in a way that is very similar to how human infants learn to speak. An understanding of how speech mechanisms have evolved is therefore unlikely to yield key insights into how the human brain is special.

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17

Tüür, Kadri. "Bird sounds in nature writing: Human perspective on animal communication." Sign Systems Studies 37, no. 3/4 (December 1, 2009): 580–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2009.37.3-4.11.

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The object of study in the present article is birds, more precisely the sounds of birds as they are represented in Estonian nature writing. The evolutionary and structural parallels of bird song with human language are reviewed. Human interpretation of bird sounds raises the question, whether it is possible to transmit or “translate” signals between the Umwelts of different species. The intentions of the sender of the signal may remain unknown, but the signification process within human Umwelt can still be traced and analysed. By approaching the excerpts of nature writing using semiotic methodology, I attempt to demonstrate how bird sounds can function as different types of signs, as outlined by Thomas A. Sebeok. It is argued that the zoosemiotic treatment of nature writing opens up a number of interesting perspectives that would otherwise remain beyond the scope of traditional literary analysis.

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18

RICHARDSON, LAUREL. "EDUCATIONAL BIRDS." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 25, no. 1 (April 1996): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124196025001002.

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19

Greppin, John A. C. "Birds in Armenian Medicine." Medieval Encounters 4, no. 2 (1998): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006798x00052.

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20

Polkowska, Laura. "ak się zmienia językowy obraz gołębia w polszczyźnie?" Język Polski 101, no. 1 (May 2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31286/jp.101.1.4.

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This scetch is dedicated to the reconstruction of a linguistic picture of a pigeon in Polish. The research mate-rial consists of lexicographic definitions, idioms, proverbs, derivative words and semantic neologisms, while the latest language data, represented by the texts of Internet comments, allow to reconstruct the most current components of the picture of this bird. The analysis shows that the positive picture of the pigeon as a faith-ful, gentle bird and a symbol of love and peace, is beginning to be replaced by the negative associations. The phrases gołąb to nie ptak (‘pigeon is not a bird’) and latający szczur (‘a rat with wings’) remove the pigeon outside the zoological class of birds and thus – give it a negative axiological characterization.

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Tarlowski, Andrzej. "Naming Patterns and Inductive Inference: The Case of Birds." Journal of Cognition and Culture 11, no. 1-2 (2011): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853711x568743.

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AbstractAlthough past research demonstrated that online presentation of labels plays a role in inductive inference few studies have shown that naming practices affect stable category representations that enter into inductive judgments. In this study we provide evidence for a relationship between naming and inductive inference by examining Polish and Spanish speakers’ inferences within the taxonomic class Aves. Birds in Polish are named with one label, ptak, while Spanish uses two labels, ave and pájaro. Size is the feature that determines whether Spanish speakers label a bird as ave or pájaro. As a result, compared to Polish speakers, Spanish speakers attach higher weight to bird size. This is evidenced by the fact that Spanish speakers’ perception of strength of inferences from birds decreases more strongly as a function of size dissimilarity between premise and conclusion. The hypothesis that feature weighting mediates in the influence of naming on induction is supported by the cross-linguistic differences in perceptions of animal similarity. The set of findings reported here contributes to the understanding of inductive inference and the relationship between language and thought.

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22

Larsen, Kevin S., Antonio Lobo Antunes, and Richard Zenith. "An Explanation of the Birds." Hispania 75, no. 3 (September 1992): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/344138.

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23

Chebodaeva, Larisa Il'inichna. "NAMES OF NATATORIAL AND SEMIAQUATIC BIRDS IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 10 (October 2019): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.10.39.

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24

Botha, Rudolf P. "Are there features of language that arose like birds’ feathers?" Language & Communication 22, no. 1 (January 2002): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5309(01)00013-1.

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25

Casling, Dennis. "Cobblers and Song-birds: The Language and Imagery of Disability." Disability, Handicap & Society 8, no. 2 (January 1993): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674649366780161.

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26

Wiener, Linda. "Song learning in birds: Possible models for human language acquisition." WORD 37, no. 3 (December 1986): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1986.11435775.

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27

Kaufhold, Shelley D. "Ovid's Tereus: Fire, Birds, and the Reification of Figurative Language." Classical Philology 92, no. 1 (January 1997): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449332.

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28

Zhirenov, S., and Y. Kasenov. "THE CONCEPTUAL IMPORTANCE OF ORNITONYMS IN THE LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 73, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.09.

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The article discusses the conceptual importance of ornithonyms in the linguistic picture of the world in an anthropolinguistic aspect. The role of birds in the culture of an ethnos is considered in conjunction with social and ethnocultural factors. The culture and knowledge of the ethnos about ornithonyms accumulated by the ethnos over the centuries, its spiritual life is considered in continuity with extralinguistic factors. The concept of “Bird” in the picture of the world is evaluated as human value and reflects the ethnic specificity of anthropological knowledge. Ornithology in the linguistic image of the world on the basis of the concept can reveal the knowledge of the world by an ethnos, the culture of an ethnos and the worldview of representatives of an ethnographic association. The conceptual significance of ornithology in the linguistic picture of the world is reflected in the context of “Nature – Man – Bird” through linguistic cognitive units, in combination with a national worldview and ethnos culture.

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29

Stephenson, Matthew, Jochen Renz, and Xiaoyu Ge. "The computational complexity of Angry Birds." Artificial Intelligence 280 (March 2020): 103232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2019.103232.

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30

Moore, Denny, and Ana Galucio. "How Linguists can Help Native Communities." Practicing Anthropology 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.26.3.l38356x57m82866v.

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Anthropological linguists can be of great practical use to native communities in Brazil. The serious danger of language extinction has become widely recognized, especially after Michael Krauss' 1992 estimate that, without any intervention, 90% of the world's languages could become extinct in the twenty-first century, compared with 10% of the mammal species and 5% of the birds. A recent survey in Brazil indicated that 42 out of about 160 native languages are at very high risk of extinction, as measured by the low number of competent speakers or the low rate of language transmission to the younger generations.

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Zhirenov, S. "LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE NATURE OF ORNITOLOGISM IN KAZAKH TALES." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.12.

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The article analyzes the linguistic features of ornithologisms in Kazakh tales from a linguistic and cognitive point of view. The role of ornithologisms in the Kazakh culture is studied through the text of fairy tales, and also reflects the characteristics of the bird world in the worldview of the ethnic group. An integral part of ethnic culture are fairy tales. The texts of these tales represent a linguistic unity that reflects the characteristics of the national mentality and its cognitive features. Fairy-tale texts describe the linguistic nature of the ancient genre, which reflects the worldview, ethical traditions and lifestyle, customs and psychology of the whole nation. Tales with ornithological features are given linguistic characteristics, and their cognitive value is considered in the linguistic aspect. The article discusses the role of birds from ancient times in the life of the Kazakh people and their interaction with nature. A large number of text materials based on the linguistic materials of Kazakh fairy tales are analyzed in detail.

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Bellanthudawa, B. K. A., N. M. S. K. Nawalage, S. Subanky, P. A. B. G. Panagoda, H. W. G. A. S. Weerasinghe, L. K. D. N. Tharaka, H. M. A. K. Handapangoda, H. K. A. D. Silva, D. M. S. N. Dissanayake, and M. S. J. Abeywickrama. "Composition and Diversity Variation of Avifauna, along Different Vegetative Habitat Types in a Human-Modified Area, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Zoology 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9727609.

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Role of conservation of birds has been least considered during modification of vegetative habitats, in studies conducted on birds in protected areas and urban landscapes in Sri Lanka. The present study was intended to assess the relationship between landscape and the composition and distribution of avifauna in University of Kelaniya, a human-modified area. The study was conducted selecting 8 habitats including open ground, low, moderately, and highly wooded habitats. A survey was conducted from 0530 to 0730 hr in the morning and 1630-1830 hr in the evening from August to December 2016 ensuring eight sampling events at each habitat. Point counting method (15 m radius) was used along a 100 m line transect. Species diversity parameters were analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to characterize the habitats with bird species. A total of 40 species were recorded. Species richness (r = 27) and species heterogeneity (H′ = 3.09) were the highest in Mee amba sevana habitat while species evenness (J = 0.977) was the highest in medical center area habitat. Total abundance (n = 135) was recorded in Saiba ground. Asian brown flycatcher (Saiba ground, medical center area, Mee amba sevana, Girls’ Hostel complex, and English language unit habitats) and white-bellied drongo (Saiba ground, medical center area, Girls’ Hostel complex, English language unit, and Thal weta premises) were widely distributed (z > 0, Kruskal-Wallis, Minitab 14). The second largest distribution was recorded by black-hooded oriole, blue-tailed bee-eater, cattle egret, feral pigeon, brown-headed barbet, red-vented bulbul, and rose-ringed parakeet within four habitats (z > 0, Kruskal-Wallis). According to the PCA, Saiba ground habitat was categorized by open ground dwelling birds, and Mee amba sevana was characterized by frugivorous birds, while Girls’ Hostel complex habitat was characterized by carnivorous birds. Comparatively, medical center area habitat contributes to the highest species diversity with many flowering and fruiting trees while providing sufficient food resources and high floral structural complexity. Recorded avifaunal community composition ensures considerable conservation value to university premises of Kelaniya. Awareness and monitoring programs are recommended for sustainable conservation of bird species in Kelaniya.

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33

Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira, and Anthony J. Naro. "Marking in discourse: “Birds of a feather”." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 1 (March 1991): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000430.

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ABSTRACTSubject/verb agreement and subject/predicate adjective agreement in spoken Brazilian Portuguese are subject to a parallel processing effect, such that marking leads to further marking and lack of marking leads to further lack of marking. For example, semantically plural verb tokens preceded by marked plural subjects in the same clause or other marked verb tokens with the same subject in the preceding discourse are more likely to be explicitly marked for plural than similar tokens preceded by unmarked subjects or verbs. This phenomenon is in direct contradiction to the principle of linguistic economy, since marking tends to occur precisely in those contexts in which it is most highly redundant and could therefore be discarded with no loss of information. Furthermore, the marking of successive plural tokens cannot be considered statistically independent events, since the outcome of previous marking decisions effects future marking. We propose that the parallel processing principle is a universal of language use.

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Ghazzoul, Nahed. "A Linguistic and Stylistic Analysis of Ted Hughes’s “Hawk Roosting”." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1107.05.

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The world of birds in Ted Hughes poems has always been the subject of a controversy and critical interest. His attempts to majestify their violence, and project their terrifying and brutal traits might tend to give the impression that the poet is the envoy of terror. However, a closer inspection indicates that the bird-of-prey-world is boldly a foil to project human concerns and moral behaviour. This study provides a linguistic and stylistic analysis of the poem “Hawk Roosting”. Metonymically, the figure of the Hawk in the poem stands for birds of prey, and allegorically, it refers to political dictators in human history. The study, and for the first time, applies the concept of mind style, dramatic monologues and mask lyrics in its analysis to reflect the Hawk’s strange psychology and worldview depending on the rhythmic form and stylistic features. Thus, the study shows how distinctive linguistic features—such as, the use of pronouns, simple present tense, polysemy, enjambment, and deviant constructions among others—relate to the mental representation of the Hawk’s world. This view indicates that there would always be a Hawk to plague, or a dictator to rule, no matter where you are, or which time you live in.

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Saleh, A., and A. Ahmed. "An assessment of the impact of human activities on wild birds and fishes in Dagona Waterfowl Sanctuary, Nigeria." Agro-Science 19, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i3.7.

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Natural resources management and conservation has been a persistent theme in discourse of human survival and environmental development. Conservation means the sustainable use and protection of natural resources. It is also seen as the process through which natural resources are managed to allow partial or total exploitation for individual, community, or commercial use without jeopardizing the long-term ability of the resource base for future generations with minimal environmental damages. The study employed systematic sampling techniques in selecting the respondents for the interview. The selection was based on the settlement arrangement in the study site as sampling frame. The structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents with aid of research assistant for proper interpretation of the questionnaire to local language (Bade). The study found that there were different bird species both native and migratory birds from Europe and other parts of the world. The use of these birds includes tourism, source of meat, income and beautification of the natural environment. Farming hunting and fishing remain the dominant economic activities that provide income, food and tourism in the area. Hunting and fishing reduces the number as well as the composition of birds and fish species in the area. Protopterrus annectens and Egretta garzetta were the dominant fish and bird species respectively. A lot of efforts were made to conserve and protect the waterfowl against natural and anthropogenic effects from national and international environmental concern organizations. Key words: natural resource, human activities impact, wild birds, fishes, Dagona Waterfowl Sanctuary

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Chevalier, Joan F. "Words Like Birds: Sakha Language Discourses and Practice in the City." FOLKLORICA - Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 23 (December 8, 2020): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/folklorica.v23i.14974.

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Šmitek, Zmago. "WHAT DO BIRDS SING? ON ANIMAL LANGUAGE IN SOUTH SLAVIC FOLKLORE1." ЕтноАнтропоЗум/EthnoAnthropoZoom 16 (2017): 9–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37620/eaz1716009sh.

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Ellis, Rod, and Rick Heimbach. "Bugs and birds: Children's acquisition of second language vocabulary through interaction." System 25, no. 2 (June 1997): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(97)00012-2.

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Lado, Beatriz, Harriet Wood Bowden, Catherine Stafford, and Cristina Sanz. "Two Birds, One Stone, or How Learning a Foreign Language Makes You a Better Language Learner." Hispania 100, no. 3 (2017): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2017.0064.

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Neapolitan, Denise M., Irene M. Pepperberg, and Linda Schinke-Llano. "Second Language Acquisition: Possible Insights from Studies on How Birds Acquire Song." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 10, no. 1 (February 1988): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100006926.

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Research into general linguistic and cognitive processes in humans has been aided by studies of analogous processes in animals. Studies on how birds develop their species-specific song have been of particular interest to researchers seeking to identify critical variables and universels in first language acquisition in humans. Because of recent studies onexceptionalsong acquisition, that is, time-independent. learning of second dialects or song by birds generally thought to acquire a single song during a limited sensitive period, we suggest that there also exist significant parallels between human second language acquisition and avian bilingualism. The purpose of this paper is to highlight these parallels and to demonstrate that such interspecies comparisons may provide new insights into the processes of second language acquisition.

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Crowell, Laura I. "Busy with birds in the springtime." Communication Education 42, no. 4 (October 1993): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634529309378940.

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Abram, David. "The Discourse of the Birds." Biosemiotics 3, no. 3 (October 6, 2010): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12304-010-9075-z.

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Pont, Graham. "Special Article: From Birdsong to Babel: the canine connection in the origin of human language." UNED Research Journal 5, no. 1 (May 22, 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v5i1.216.

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Whistled languages are still found today in many parts of the world, the most celebrated being Silbo, in the Canary Islands. According to Australian Aboriginal legends, it was the birds who taught human beings how to speak. Similar traditions are found in Ancient Greece and Rome and modern Europe. This article explores the hypothesis that around 100 000 years BP there was an interaction of whistling sounds among birds, humans and dogs that eventually led to the development of the first natural languages, from birdsong to whistling to articulate speech.KEY WORDS evolution of natural languages, birdsong, whistling, dogs

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Pouscoulous, Nausicaa, and Michael Tomasello. "Early birds: Metaphor understanding in 3-year-olds." Journal of Pragmatics 156 (January 2020): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.021.

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Makarova, Anna A., and Yulia B. Popova. "Zoomorphic Pattern in Collective Nicknames among the Residents of the Russian North." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.002.

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The paper studies collective nicknames of the residents of the Russian North (Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions) to describe a productive zoomorphic naming pattern. The research is based on findings of the Toponymic Expedition of the Ural Federal University which includes materials from field trips to the Russian North (1960–2019) as well as data published in dictionaries and monographs. The paper identifies lexical composition of the pattern, describes the geography of collective nicknames, and provides analysis of the material in terms of motivation, onomasiology, and language contacts. In some cases, collective nicknames are considered against the background of other types of nickname anthroponymy: family and individual nicknames. The analyzed body of nicknames includes both units formed from all-Russian vocabulary such as vorony, ershi, zaitsy, kuliki, etc., and less common names based on dialectal names of animals, birds, fish and insects (revyaki, svizi, sivkuny, pepyaki). The choice of animal species used in nicknames (in decreasing order: birds, fish, wild animals, pets, insects, amphibians) as well as substantial quantitative differences between Arkhangelsk and Vologda region (more than 200 units vs 88) are attributable to landscape features (forest and water) and occupations of the population (hunting, fishing). Characterological motivations, widely used in individual nickname anthroponymy, are relatively rare among zoomorphic collective nicknames. The prevalence of some thematic and motivational categories (especially “birds”) in the nicknames is probably due to the influence of substrate Finno-Ugric languages.

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Kinginger, Celeste, and Naomi S. Baron. "Pigeon Birds and Rhyming Words: The Role of Parents in Language Learning." Modern Language Journal 75, no. 4 (1991): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329518.

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ILIEVA, Liliya. "SEMANTICALLY ORGANIZED BULGARIAN-CHINESE DICTIONARY OF ZHAN SONGFEN (SOFIA, 1969) – A RESEARCH BASE FOR LINGUISTIC STUDIES." Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v17.i2.19.

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han Songfen (张荪芬女士) was a co-founder of the teachings of Modern Chinese and the founder of the teachings of wenyan in Sofia University. In 1969 she published a semantically organized Bulgarian-Chinese Dictionary 、保汉分类词典。This dictionary can serve as a very useful base for linguistic studies. Some words for domestic birds are examined in the paper as an example of a possible analysis. As is known, natural objects are presented through linguistic taxonomies differently in different languages. With the designation of poultry, the Bulgarian language offers separate names for birds of the same species, specialized by sex and age. This is also a characteristic of the linguistic taxonomy of domestic animals and of animals in general as well. For example, in the Chinese language, there is a general term 鸡 jī which has the meaning `hen` as a biological species. There are no gender difference in this concept (i.e., the narrower term 'cock' is included here), nor age differences (i.e., the narrower term 'chicken' is included here). However, if a more specialized term is needed, it is expressed via composition：妈鸡 mā jī - `hen`, literally `mother hen`; 公鸡 gōng jī 'cock', literally `male hen`; .小鸡 xiǎo jī `chicken`, literally `little hen`. The formations with the main word-designation of the duck鸭yā and of the goose 鹅é as a biological species are parallel. These differences in the presentation of biological taxonomies in the language distinguish Chinese from Indo-European languages and not only from them.

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Nawarecki, Aleksander. "Somatyczne, muzyczne i auguryjskie konteksty retoryki." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica 5 (May 14, 2018): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/23534583.5.7.

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Somatic, musical and augural contexts of rhetoric Rhetoric is considering from the way of performance (gr. hipokrizis, lat. actio), called by the Cicero “the body language”. There will be a point of departure in all kinds of somatic obstacles that limit the orator, and also the voices of the background that make oration harder. Among the natural voices there is a specific case of animal sounds, in particular birds’ melodies which were intensively listened by ancient augurs and poets. There is also returning question of birds singing and human voice, especially in the age of ecology and the new media, and in context of cinema music and literature. From the perspective of the zoophilology a very special case is the voice of marsh warbler that can be associated with jazz improvisation and the sampling. In the conclusion author reveals the rhetoric community between different discourses that were inspired by the art of improvisation – the free jazz (Coleman), deconstruction (Derrida) and birds language (marsh warbler).

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Meyer, Julien. "Bioacoustics of human whistled languages: an alternative approach to the cognitive processes of language." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, no. 2 (June 2004): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000200033.

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Whistled languages are a valuable heritage of human culture. This paper gives a first survey about a new multidisciplinary approach to these languages. Previous studies on whistled equivalents of languages have already documented that they can provide significant information about the role of rhythm and melody in language. To substantiate this, most whistles are represented by modulations of frequency, centered around 2000 Hz (±1000 Hz) and often reach a loudness of about 130 dB (measured at 1m from the source). Their transmission range can reach up to 10 km (as verified in La Gomera, Canary Island), and the messages can remain understandable, even if the signal is deteriorated. In some cultures the use of whistled language is associated with some "talking musical instruments" (e.g. flutes, guitars, harps, gongs, drums, khens). Finally, whistles as a means of conveying information have some analogues in the animal kingdom (e.g. some birds, cetaceans, primates), providing opportunities to compare the acoustic characteristics of the respective signals. With such properties as a reference, the project reported here has two major tasks: to further elucidate the many facets of whistled language and, above all, help to immediately stop the process of its gradual disappearance.

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M. Alosman, M. Ikbal, and Raihanah M. M. "Survival Psychology in Kevin Powers’ The Yellow Birds." GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2001-09.

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