Journal articles: 'Language planning and policy'

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Gacem, M. "Language Planning Policy." الإشعاع في اللسانيات و الترجمة, no. 1 (June 2014): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0010568.

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Krausneker, Verena. "Language Policy and Planning for Sign Languages." Sign Language Studies 12, no. 2 (2012): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2011.0022.

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Takala, Sauli, and Kari Sajavaara. "LANGUAGE POLICY AND PLANNING." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 20 (January 2000): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500200081.

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The field of language policy and planning is clearly a sub-field within applied linguistics. It generally does not draw heavily on formal linguistics, except for aspects of corpus and status planning. However, it does draw extensively from a range of disciplines in order to plan, implement, and evaluate language policies that respond to the needs of stake holders of various types. Despite continuous development of the field, aspects of language policy and planning need to be developed further. One of the key areas where policy can be enhanced considerably is in the area of policy and planning evaluation. This direction of inquiry is also relevant to a number of other areas within applied linguistics.

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Lai, Rosangela. "Language planning and language policy in Sardinia." Language Problems and Language Planning 42, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00012.lai.

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Abstract In 1999, the Italian Republic acknowledged the status of Sardinian as a minority language. Since then the Autonomous Region of Sardinia has been committed to the development of language policies for Sardinian. A regional law approved in 1997 adopted the aim of promoting the different varieties of the languages spoken in Sardinia. The goals changed substantially when the Region adopted for its language planning activities the ideas of a cultural-political movement known as Movimentu Linguisticu Sardu, and appointed an activist Director of the Bureau of the Sardinian Language. This article presents and discusses the key steps in the last decade of language planning: the proposals, their development and consequences.

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Bayley, Robert, and James W. Tollefson. "Planning Language, Planning Inequality: Language Policy in the Community." Language 68, no. 3 (September 1992): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415822.

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Eggington, William. "Language Policy and Planning in Australia." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002865.

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Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).

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Patthey-Chavez, G. G. "Language Policy and Planning in Mexico: Indigenous Language Policy." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 200–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002890.

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Mexico's multilingual and multicultural character predates European contact. In its long history, it has generated many communicative challenges as well as interesting language planning efforts to deal with them (Heath 1972). Most recently, official acknowledgments of Mexico's multicultural and multilingual character are raising a series of complex language planning and policy issues even as they are leading to important constitutional and material gains on the part of indigenous Mexicans.

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Hornberger, Nancy H. "Language Policy and Planning in South America*." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002907.

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South America, widely known as a “Spanish-speaking” part of the world, is in fact a region of great linguistic diversity and complexity (see Table 1). The history and hegemony of the colonial languages, Spanish and Portuguese; the elusiveness and elitism of immigrant languages such as German, Italian, Japanese, and English; and the variety and vitality of the indigenous languages have combined to pose continuing challenges to language planners and policy makers. For the colonial languages, which have long enjoyed official status, the pressing language planning issues are those concerning standardization vis-a-vis national and international varieties. Immigrant language concerns maintain a relatively low profile in the policy and planning arena.

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Hornberger, Nancy H., Aldo Anzures Tapia, David H. Hanks, Frances Kvietok Dueñas, and Siwon Lee. "Ethnography of language planning and policy." Language Teaching 51, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 152–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444817000428.

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A decade ago, Hornberger & Johnson proposed that the ethnography of language planning and policy (ELPP) offers a useful way to understand how people create, interpret, and at times resist language policy and planning (LPP). They envisioned ethnographic investigation of layered LPP ideological and implementational spaces, taking up Hornberger's plea five years earlier for language users, educators, and researchers to fill up and wedge open ideological and implementational spaces for multiple languages, literacies, identities, and practices to flourish and grow rather than dwindle and disappear. With roots going back to the 1980s and 1990s, ethnographic research in LPP had been gathering momentum since the turn of the millennium. This review encompasses selected ethnographic LPP research since 2000, exploring affordances and constraints of this research in yielding comparative and cumulative findings on how people interpret and engage with LPP initiatives. We highlight how common-sense wisdom about the perennial gap between policy and practice is given nuance through ethnographic research that identifies and explores intertwining dynamics of top-down and bottom-up LPP activities and processes, monoglossic and heteroglossic language ideologies and practices, potential equality and actual inequality of languages, and critical and transformative LPP research paradigms.

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Wu, Ming-Hsuan. "Language planning and policy in Taiwan." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 1 (January 12, 2011): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.1.02wu.

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This overview and analysis of language policy and planning (LPP) in Taiwan since the seventeenth century is written from the perspective of language ecology and uses Cooper’s three-part approach: status planning, acquisition planning and corpus planning. The paper investigates how languages and their speakers have interacted with one another and with their sociocultural and political contexts, and how different policies at different times have altered the local language ecology. Three emerging factors that are changing the local ecology are further identified. As the first step to successful LPP is a detailed understanding of the local language ecology, it is hoped that the analysis presented here will provide insights for future LPP in Taiwan.

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Webb, Vic. "Language Policy and Planning in South Africa." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002920.

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Academic involvement in language policy and planning in South Africa must be seen within the context of the country's sociolinguistic complexity and the relationship between language and a number of serious problems in the country. South Africa's sociolinguistic complexity (see Appendix) is a function of a number of factors: 1) a multiplicity of languages and cultures; 2) the overlapping demographical and geographical distribution of the country's major languages; and 3) the politicization of these languages and cultures due to both the colonial past and the policy of apartheid, and the differentiated linguistic manifestation of their politicization.

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Edwards, John. "Language Policy and Planning in Canada." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002853.

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It is an especially opportune time to reflect upon Canadian language issues, since the recent constitutional crises-still unresolved-have at once brought them into sharp focus and demonstrated how closely language, culture, and politics may be intertwined. The official policies of bilingualism and multiculturalism, in particular, have been receiving considerable attention. The players-the French and English “charter groups,” the aboriginal populations, and non-indigenous non-English/non-French groups (the “allophones,” who possess “heritage” languages)-have, consequently, been presenting themselves and their agendas with rather more force and acerbity than usual. Full accounts of the political upheavals, and the ramifications for language policy are now becoming available (e.g., Edwards in press a; in press b; in press c).

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Hadjioannou, Xenia, Stavroula Tsiplakou, and Matthias Kappler. "Language policy and language planning in Cyprus." Current Issues in Language Planning 12, no. 4 (November 2011): 503–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2011.629113.

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Heidemann, Kai A. "Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy." Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Europe 3, no. 1 (March 2003): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsae.2003.3.1.40.

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Baldauf, Richard B. "[Unplanned] Language Policy and Planning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002828.

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Naturally enough, the field of language planning, as its name suggests, has concentrated its efforts on the description and practice of planned language development. This is after all its raison d'être, to provide future oriented, problem-solving language-change strategies to meet particular language needs. This orientation means that language planning is one of the key descriptive topics in applied linguistics, bringing together as it does theory from a variety of disciplines and putting that into practice. Grabe and Kaplan (1992) estimate that the applied linguistics aspects of language policy and planning make up one of four categories that accounts for about 45 percent of the items published in this field.

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Kaplan, Robert B. "Language Policy and Planning in New Zealand." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002877.

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In 1992, the author of this paper was invited to New Zealand to work within the Ministry of Education on the development of a New Zealand National Languages Policy. Prior to the arrival of the author, Waite (1992a) had prepared a comprehensive document laying out the language issues in New Zealand (see also Peddie 1991). A search of the documentation available in New Zealand (see, e.g., Kaplan 1981, National Language Policy Secretariat 1989) suggests that the notion of a National Languages Policy has been under discussion in New Zealand for more than a quarter of a century. Largely, that discussion has produced a great number of seminars, retreats, symposia, colloquia, and other meetings, and a plethora of reports, most now overtaken by time.

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Macalister, John. "Language policies, language planning and linguistic landscapes in Timor-Leste." Language Problems and Language Planning 36, no. 1 (May 22, 2012): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.36.1.02mac.

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Timor-Leste is a nation where three exogenous languages (Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia, English) and one of many endogenous languages (Tetun) compete to be heard in public spaces. The constitution names both Tetun and Portuguese as co-official languages, and English and Bahasa Indonesia as working languages in the civil service; but official and de facto language policy are not necessarily the same. One mechanism that can mediate between ideology and practice, both as a way of imposing and of resisting official policy, is language in the public space. This paper demonstrates the insights that examining language in the public space can provide on language policy debates. It reports on the investigation of a linguistic landscape in Dili, the capital of Timor-Leste, and finds considerable difference between official language policy and language practices.

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Hayati, A. Majid, and Amir Mashhadi. "Language planning and language-in-education policy in Iran." Language Problems and Language Planning 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.34.1.02hay.

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This paper explores the effects of different political ideologies on language, using as examples three historical stages and three political periods in the history of Iran, and the differing policies adopted in these eras concerning language and language education. Over the years, political ideologies have served as a barrier as well as a contributor to language use (whether first or foreign) and to language teaching. The paper then turns to explore local language policies and the status of the Persian language in the modern era, focusing particularly on foreign language teaching policies after the Islamic revolution and their implications for teaching and learning activities and practices in Iran’s educational system. Finally, using several Iranian political periods as an example, this study demonstrates how globalization has influenced the teaching of foreign languages, especially English.

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Baxter, Robert Neal. "Interpreting and minority language planning and policy." Language Problems and Language Planning 37, no. 3 (November 15, 2013): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.37.3.02bax.

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With potential applications for other minority languages, this paper discusses the implications of interpreting to and from Galician, starting with an overview of the current sociolinguistic situation, and the interpreting and translation market in Galicia in the light of political changes. After highlighting the similarities and differences between written translation and oral interpretation, the article examines the role played specifically by interpretation as a prestige-raising activity within the framework of language planning. Finally, the paper also discusses interpreting using minority languages as a tool enabling citizens to exercise their linguistic rights to the full.

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Ingram, D. E. "Language-in-Education Planning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 10 (March 1989): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001215.

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This paper attempts to survey language-in-education planning in the 1980s drawing on both formal publications and the more “ephemeral” but often more directky influential documents of government education departments and other authorities. Two problems are immediately evident: first, the influential ephemeral documents are hard to obtain. The second problem in surveying language-in-education planning is symptomatic of language policy-making in general; it is necessary to differentiate between, on the one hand, policy which is little more than uncoordinated good or bad ideas, limited in the range of needs that it seeks to answer, or incidental to policy serving other purposee (e.g., immigration policy) and, on the other hand, systematic, formalized language-in-education planning (cf., Rist 1982). This paper also focuses on only that part of language-in-education policy concerned with second or foreign language teaching and learning; other papers in this volume deal with the areas of literacy and bilingual education.

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Simanjuntak, Risa R. "Bahasa Indonesia: Policy, Implementation, and Planning." Lingua Cultura 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v3i1.327.

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Language policy or language planning is still in the surge for familiarity and importance. However, this paper argues that in the case of Bahasa Indonesia current implementations should be evaluated based on its relevance and future plan. The historical perspectives will reveal the roots of the current policy and therefore make foundations for further discussions. From the study of literature, this paper is arguing that new paradigm for nationalism, roles in the global competition, as well as regional languages as competitive advantage could be well adopted to nurture a more inclusive and progressive Bahasa Indonesia.

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Kaplan, Robert B. "Language Policy and Planning: Fundamental Issues." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002786.

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For much of the 20th century, language policy and planning has been essentially overlooked except as an academic enterprise, being of serious interest largely only to a small coterie of specialists scattered thinly around the world. Still, at present, only a handful of universities in the world offers anything more than a random course in language policy/planning or simply subsumes the entire field in a couple of lectures in the introductory course in sociolinguistics. In the last decade of the 20th century, real-world events have thrust language policy and planning into prominence. The collapse of the former Soviet Union and the powerful resurgence of language loyalties in various Eastern European polities, the rapid economic unification of a multilingual Europe, changing global patterns of immigration, and global economic difficulties have coalesced to create new linguistic conditions and focus attention on long existing linguistic inequities. These conditions have brought into serious question the western notion of an idealized identity between nation and national language. This volume of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics has attempted to draw together various emerging perspectives on language policy and planning and to examine emerging circumstances in a selected set of illustrative areas:

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Coulmas, Florian. "Language Policy and Planning: Political Perspectives." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002804.

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Since World War II, the political order that divided the world into nationstates has been remarkably stable. The balance of terror during the Cold War prevented major changes in the world system. With minor exceptions, such as the emergence of Singapore as an independent polity shortly after the foundation of Malaysia and the breakup of highly artificial geographically divided Pakistan into two separate states, even most of the countries that had come into existence as the result of decolonization did not change their borders. However, while the bi-polar system of the political and military stand-off of the two superpowers continued, a triangular world system developed on the economic plane. During the 1970s Japan became a major economic force, while the integration of the European Economic Community continued. Since the end of World War II, the United States has had close economic ties with both of the economic powers.

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Paulston, Christina Bratt, and Susanne McLaughlin. "Language-in-Education Policy and Planning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002816.

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This chapter provides a descriptive review of research on language-ineducation policy and planning. We intend no theoretical generalizations but rather a descriptive summary of present research (1990–1993). With various interpretations of language-in-education policy available in the literature, it is first necessary to establish the perspective which guides this review. Ingram (1990), for example, confines language-in-education to second or foreign language teaching and learning although he mentions literacy and bilingual education as topics in language-in-education.

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Okwudilichukwu Ugwu, Eucharia. "Language policy and planning in Nigeria." Language Problems and Language Planning 44, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00053.okw.

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Abstract Language planning and policy has been a recurring topic among Nigerian educators. Although the Nigerian National Policy on Education stipulates multilingual education, such provision has remained an object of criticism, rejection, and is therefore not implemented. While some of the issues often raised as hindering its implementation are well-founded, there is also a lack of political will to champion the course of language planning and policy implementation. Meanwhile the government’s intention has been to make the policy receive public acceptance; yet, it has failed to address some of the recurring problems that hinder the achievement of such goal, to the detriment of both the educational and public sectors. This article looks at the dynamics of language planning and policy in Nigeria and why the government must match her rhetoric with action by paying attention to the major issues that hinder the realisation of multilingual education in the country to enhance development.

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Gynan, Shaw N. "Language Planning and Policy in Paraguay." Current Issues in Language Planning 2, no. 1 (November 2001): 53–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200108668019.

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King, Kendall A., and Marleen Haboud. "Language Planning and Policy in Ecuador." Current Issues in Language Planning 3, no. 4 (December 2002): 359–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200208668046.

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Adegbija, Efurosibina. "Language Policy and Planning in Nigeria." Current Issues in Language Planning 5, no. 3 (August 15, 2004): 181–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200408668258.

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Compton, Sarah E. "Timothy G. Reagan: Language Policy and Planning for Sign Languages." Language Policy 10, no. 3 (August 2011): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-011-9207-6.

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Haacke, Wilfrid. "Language Policy and Planning in Independent Namibia." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002919.

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An advantage of Namibia's late attainment of independence is that it can benefit from the experience of other African countries that achieved independence some thirty years earlier. Hence Namibia is unique in that it is the only country in sub-Saharan Africa that at the time of attaining independence already provided for constitutional rights for its local languages. The major policy document of the then liberation movement SWAPO, Toward a language policy for an independent Namibia (United Nations Institute for Namibia 1981), which was published in Lusaka by the institute (UNIN) as proceedings of a seminar held in 1980, essentially set the trend for the policies pursued since independence in 1990.

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Tonkin, Humphrey. "Review of Wright (2004): Language Policy and Language Planning." Language Problems and Language Planning 30, no. 3 (August 30, 2006): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.30.3.09ton.

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Wiertlewska, Janina. "Language planning and language policy in the ecological perspective." Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2012.39.1.11.

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Ó Flatharta, Peadar. "Language schemes – a useful policy tool for language planning?" Current Issues in Language Planning 16, no. 4 (January 21, 2015): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.979648.

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Hult, Francis M. "Swedish television as a mechanism for language planning and policy." Language Problems and Language Planning 34, no. 2 (June 21, 2010): 158–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.34.2.04hul.

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The function of the public service broadcasting company Sveriges Television (Swedish Television) as a component of the Swedish ecology of language planning and policy is examined. Analysis of recent policy documents as well as data about television programming illuminates how television serves as a language planning mechanism. It is shown that television is explicitly framed as a tool for status planning through regulations about the relative positions of different languages in this domain. The management of content in Swedish, national minority languages, and other languages, in turn, suggests that Sveriges Television is also implicitly engaged in discourse planning that (re)produces the current linguistic hierarchy in Sweden through the representation of multilingualism.

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Hornberger, Nancy H. "Reflect, Revisit, Reimagine: Ethnography of Language Policy and Planning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 40 (March 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026719052000001x.

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AbstractTracing applied linguists’ interests in language policy and planning (LPP) as reflected in the pages of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics since its founding in 1980, I focus on the emergence of, and current boom in, ethnographic LPP research. I draw on the ethnographic concept of ideological and implementational LPP spaces as scalar, layered policies and practices influencing each other, mutually reinforcing, wedging, and transforming ideology through implementation and vice versa. Doing so highlights how the perennial policy-practice gap is given nuance through exploration of the intertwining dynamics of top-down/bottom-up language planning activities and processes, monoglossic/heteroglossic language ideologies and practices, potential equality/actual inequality of languages, and critical/transformative research paradigms in LPP.

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Djité, Paulin G., and Belinda A. Munro. "Language profiles, language attitudes and acquisition planning." Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia 8 (January 1, 1991): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.8.05dji.

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How can the social and psychological contexts of a language affect the policy to increase the number of people who speak it? It is crucial to investigate this question at a time when Australia’s ability to compete in a changing world has brought the study of LOTE to the forefront. As the implementation of the National Policy on Languages proceeds, it becomes increasingly evident that a deeper understanding of the nine or ten key languages, namely Mandarin Chinese, Indonesian/Malay, Japanese, French, German, Italian, Modern Greek, Arabic, Spanish and Russian (cf. Lo Bianco 1987 and Leal 1991:167-168), taught in our schools is required. This paper argues that a sociolinguistic profile of each of these languages and the attitudes towards them are some of the relevant and crucial empirical data which need to be integrated in the design of educational programs.

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Gottlieb, Nanette. "Japan: Language Policy and Planning in Transition." Current Issues in Language Planning 9, no. 1 (August 2008): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/cilp116.0.

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Johnson, Robert Keith. "Language Policy and Planning in Hong Kong." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002889.

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Hong Kong has a population of 5,902,100 people crowded into its land area of 1076 sq. kms. In broad terms, 98 percent of its population are Chinese.1 They speak Cantonese among themselves and English in dealing with expatriates. The expatriate community, once predominantly British, now reflects the full range of national and multinational commercial and banking interests, including those of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan. Luke and Richards (1982) described Hong Kong as having diglossia without bilingualism.

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Hornberger, Nancy H., Aldo Anzures, David H. Hanks, Frances Kvietok, and Siwon Lee. "Ethnography of language planning and policy – ERRATUM." Language Teaching 51, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444818000174.

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Wright, Sue. "Language planning and policy-making in Europe." Language Teaching 28, no. 3 (July 1995): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444800008089.

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Glasgow, Gregory Paul. "Language ideology, policy and planning in Peru." Current Issues in Language Planning 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2016.1194249.

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Hatano, Kazuma. "Makiguchian Perspectives in Language Policy and Planning." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 12, no. 1 (January 2013): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2013.748429.

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Leibowitz, Brenda. "The Problems with Language Policy and Planning." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 14, no. 1 (January 2015): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2015.988571.

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Kelemen, Attila. "Some Aspects of Language Planning in the Scandinavian Countries." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2019-0034.

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AbstractThe present study deals with language planning and language policy in the Scandinavian countries and aims to sketch their peculiarities. The investigation is both diachronic und synchronic, using the historical-comparative method and making use of the research results of linguistic disciplines as language history, sociolinguistics, etc. Language planning and language policy in the Scandinavian countries are very powerful. In spite of the strong resemblances between the Scandinavian languages and the strong pan-Scandinavian tendencies, the language planning and the linguistic policy of each individual Scandinavian country show differing tendencies. Most consequently, language planning is carried out in Iceland. In Icelandic, purism has gone the furthest. Danish is the most conservative language, but it is also most tolerant towards the foreign words.

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Awang Habuan, Dayangku Alina. "Using Spolsky’ Model in Examining Malaysia’s National Language Policy." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i3.5078.

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Malaysia gained its independence on 31 August 1957 after the British Empire have fully relinquished its colonisation on the land. As with any newly independent polity, one of the ways for Malaysia, a multi-ethnic country, tries to establish its national identity is by establishing a language policy. This paper will examine Malaysia’s language policy planning using Bernard Spolsky’s (2004) model proposed in his book ‘Language Policy’ published by Cambridge University Press in 2004. In the book, Spolsky (2004) theorised that there are four major motivations that influences the decision of a country’s language policy planning. These four major motivations are, the sociolinguistic situation of a country, a country’s national identity or ideology, the effects of English as the language of a wider communication, and minority linguistic rights. In the case of Malaysia, each of Spolsky’s (2004) four forces does seem to have an impact on Malaysia’s language policy planning and the forces are very intertwined with each other. Malay as the dominant ethnic group in a sense has influenced the language chosen as the national language. However, being a diverse country, this decision does pose an issue at creating a national identity among its people. At the same time, English being the past colonial language and at present, the language for wider communication has caused Malaysia’s medium of instruction in public education policy to be seen as oscillating back and forth between Malay and English. On the other hand, minority linguistic rights in Malaysia has a long way to go since only certain indigenous languages are taught as elective subjects in schools.

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Nekvapil, Jiří, and Tamah Sherman. "An introduction: Language Management Theory in Language Policy and Planning." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015, no. 232 (January 1, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0039.

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AbstractIn these introductory remarks, the authors deal with the metaphors “top-down”, “bottom-up” and related concepts in the Language Policy and Planning research. Furthermore, they sketch out the position of Language Management Theory in this field of study and characterize “language management” in various research traditions. Afterward, the main features of Language Management Theory are presented with emphasis placed on the relationship between “simple” and “organized” language management. Finally, these features are illustrated on the individual contributions to this special issue.

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Poon, Anita Y. K. "Language use, and language policy and planning in Hong Kong." Current Issues in Language Planning 11, no. 1 (February 2010): 1–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664201003682327.

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Geraci, Carlo. "Language Policy and Planning: The Case of Italian Sign Language." Sign Language Studies 12, no. 4 (2012): 494–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2012.0006.

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Hao, Ningning. "Literature Review of Language Planning and Language Policy since 21st Century." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0807.22.

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As a major part of sociolinguistics, language planning has become a major research topic for many scholars. As a branch of Applied Linguistics, language planning is not a theoretical field of academic research, but mainly based on solving language problems in society. In the past 50 years, language planning research has been deepened and the coverage has gradually expanded. Especially, since 1990s, language planning has become a subject of rejuvenation, which has increasingly highlighted its importance and research prospects. This paper will review and analyze the general situation of language planning research in the past 20 years at home and abroad, and look forward to the future trend of language planning research.

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Walter, Stephen L., and Kay R. Ringenberg. "Language Policy, Literacy, and Minority Languages." Review of Policy Research 13, no. 3-4 (September 1994): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1994.tb00611.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Language planning and policy'

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