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1
Swigart, Leigh. "Cultural creolisation and language use in post-colonial Africa: the case of Senegal." Africa 64, no. 2 (April 1994): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160978.
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Scholars have recently begun to describe a speech form emerging in post-colonial cities which reflects the creative melding or ‘creolisation’ of elements from indigenous and former colonial cultures. These ‘urban varieties’ are not, strictly speaking, Creoles but rather indigenous languages whose structures and lexicons have been adapted to the complexities of urban life. A primary characteristic of such varieties is their ‘devernacularisation’. No longer tied to the cultural values represented by the languages in their more traditional forms, they reflect instead the new values and way of life found in the urban centres where they are spoken. This article, based on fieldwork conducted in Senegal between 1986 and 1989, describes the formation and role of one such urban linguistic variety, Urban Wolof. In particular, it focuses on Dakarois’ conflicting tendencies to accept Urban Wolof in Dakar as the most pragmatic form of urban communication while rejecting it as evidence of an undesirable creolisation between indigenous and French culture.
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Seydi, Oumar. "Análisis de las políticas y planificaciones lingüísticas postcoloniales de Senegal desde la ecolingüística." Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna, no. 43 (2021): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.refiull.2021.43.13.
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This article focuses on the analysis of language policies and planning undertaken by the different governments of Senegal from independence to the present. We intend to address this issue based on the scientific literature and political-linguistic decisions and actions to elucidate the complexity of the Senegalese sociolinguistic situation. In addition, we resort to the ecolinguistic analysis approach of the Senegalese socio-educational environment for a sustainable regulation of the country’s sociolinguistic ecosystem. The results demonstrate the emergence and diffusion of a mixed national identity, associated with urban wolof, which offers new socio-educational perspectives and an opportunity for sustainable regulation of the Senegalese educational system, thanks to the neutralization of linguistic conflicts.
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Dell, Jeremy. "The Sound of Laïcité." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127063.
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Abstract Sound control policies already had a long history in the French-controlled settlements of the Senegalese coast by the time the prefect of Dakar issued a decree in 1953 prohibiting the use of loudspeakers on public roads and in the open-air courtyards of private residences. Such policies aimed at silencing the nighttime recitation of poems known in the Wolof language of Senegambia as xasida (and referred to by French administrators as chants religieux). Derived from the Arabic term for “ode” (qaṣīda), such poems formed a key component of the liturgy of Senegal's expanding Sufi orders. In this same period, the first Senegalese-owned printing presses began disseminating xasida in printed form more widely than ever, and at times against the wishes of the leadership of the Muridiyya, one of Senegal's leading sufi orders. By highlighting the intertwined nature of print, public recitation, and sound control in midcentury Senegal, this article seeks to illuminate the institutional and political contexts that shaped the production and reception of specific genres of Islamic scholarship in the late colonial period.
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Al-Ajrami, Muna Aljhaj-Saleh Salama. "The Impact of Arabic on Wolof Language." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 4 (April 5, 2016): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0604.03.
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This research aims to study Wolof people in terms of their origin, background, and language. It will also discuss the factors that led Arabic to spread among the members of this tribe, such as the religious factor after the spreading of Islam in the West of Africa (i.e. Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia), where Wolof people reside. The commercial factor also affected the spreading of Arabic language in the aforementioned areas. In addition to that, the emigration factor of some Arab tribes from Egypt and the Arab peninsula that resided in the far west of Africa for economic and political reasons had an impact on the spreading. Finally, the study will show the impact of Arabic Language on Wolof Language as the following: 1) the Arabic phonetics and their alternatives in this language; 2) the borrowed vocabulary in Wolof language from Arabic; and 3) Conduct a contrastive analysis in verb conjugation, masculinity and femininity, and definiteness and indefiniteness between the two languages to know how far Arabic Language has impacted Wolof Language.
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Vold Lexander, Kristin. "Texting and African language literacy." New Media & Society 13, no. 3 (March 23, 2011): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444810393905.
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Mobile communication has become an important part of everyday life in Senegal, and text messages have turned out to be highly multilingual. So far Senegalese language policy has supported the use of the official language, French, in education and in writing in general, while the majority language, Wolof, has dominated the oral sphere. As SMS texts tend to include use of Wolof and other African languages as well as French, the question is whether texting will pave the way for African language literacy practices. The aim of this article is to study texting’s potential impact on the status of African languages as written languages through the investigation of SMS messages written and received by fifteen students from Dakar. Ethnographic tools have been used to collect text messages in Wolof, Fulfulde and French, as well as English, Spanish and Arabic, and also data on the context of communication and on the writers’ and receivers’ interpretations of the use of different languages. The analysis shows that African languages are given different roles and values in texting, being used in monolingual messages, in functional codeswitching and in mixed code messages.
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Drolc, Ursula. "A diachronic analysis of Ndut vowel harmony." Studies in African Linguistics 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2004): 36–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v33i1.107338.
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Ndut is spoken in Senegal and belongs to the Cangin languages, a subgroup of the (West-) Atlantic languages (Sapir 1971). Unlike the other Cangin languages Noon, Laala and Saafi, Ndut, as well as closely related Pal or, exhibits apparently bidirectional vowel harmony. However, a phonological analysis suggests that there are two independent phenomena that have to be kept separate: regressive vowel assimilation, which is probably a very archaic feature of the Atlantic languages, and progressive root-controlled harmony, which may be a contact-induced innovation. In Senegal, the dominant language is Wolof, a Senegambian language that is part of a different subgroup of Atlantic languages. As Wolof is the major medium of interethnic communication, most Ndut speakers are Wolof-bilingual. Consequently, contact-induced language changes are likely to appear in Ndut.
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MC LAUGHLIN, FIONA. "On the origins of urban Wolof: Evidence from Louis Descemet's 1864 phrase book." Language in Society 37, no. 5 (October 16, 2008): 713–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404508081001.
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ABSTRACTBased on evidence from a French-Wolof phrase book published in Senegal in 1864, this article makes the case that urban Wolof, a variety of the language characterized by significant lexical borrowing from French, is a much older variety than scholars have generally claimed. Historical evidence suggests that urban Wolof emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries in the coastal island city of Saint-Louis du Sénégal, France's earliest African settlement and future capital of the colonial entity that would be known as French West Africa. The intimate nature of early contact between African and European populations and the later role played by the métis or mixed-race population of the island as linguistic brokers contributed to a unique, urban variety of Wolof that has important links to today's variety of urban Wolof spoken in Dakar and other cities throughout the country.
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O'Brien, Donal Cruise. "The shadow-politics of Wolofisation." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 1 (March 1998): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002644.
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The relationship between language and politics in the African post-colony remains obscure and underexamined. Here we withdraw into a poorly lit area, an area of potentialities, where new political shapes may emerge as the outcome of half-conscious choices made by very large numbers of people. Language choices in the first place: the expansion of the Wolof language in Senegal, principally though far from exclusively an urban phenomenon, is to be seen in a context where the individual may speak several languages, switching linguistically from one social situation to another. Such multilingualism is general in Africa: the particularity of the Wolof case, at least in Senegal, is the extent to which this language has spread, far beyond the boundaries of core ethnicity, of a historical Wolof zone from the colonial or pre-colonial periods. And these individual language choices cast their political shadow.The political consequences of this socio-linguistic phenomenon are as yet indistinct, but to see a little more clearly one should in the second place relate it to the subject of the politics of ethnicity. Language is of course an important element in any definition of ethnicity, and there is an evident overlap; but the politics of language is also a distinguishable subject in its own right. Where the assertion of ethnic identity can be identified as a possible weapon in the individual's struggle for power and recognition within the colonial and post-colonial state, the choice of a language is that of the most effective code in the individual's daily struggle for survival. Language choice in such a setting may be less a matter of assertion, the proud proclamation of an identity, than it is one of evasion, a more or less conscious blurring of the boundaries of identity. And in Senegal the government itself by its inaction has practised its own shadow-politics of procrastination.
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Moreau, Marie-Louise, Ndiassé Thiam, Bernard Harmegnies, and Kathy Huet. "Can listeners assess the sociocultural status of speakers who use a language they are unfamiliar with? A case study of Senegalese and European students listening to Wolof speakers." Language in Society 43, no. 3 (May 19, 2014): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404514000220.
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AbstractIn this study, two groups of students were asked to listen to recordings made of Senegalese Wolof speakers and make deductions about their social and caste status. The responses of the first group, made up of Senegalese students, did not go beyond the threshold of chance with regard to caste status, but were 65.7% correct regarding the speakers' social status. The second group, who were European students with no prior knowledge of the Wolof language, achieved percentages of correct answers similar to those of the Senegalese listeners with regard to social status. The imposed norm hypothesis, which predicts that sociolinguistic features cannot be gauged by those who have had no previous contact with the community, should thus be reconsidered and enlarge its scope to include a more general, and therefore nuanced, view of language. (Imposed norm hypothesis, inherent value hypothesis, social stratification of language, social identification, Wolof, Senegal, castes)*
10
Warner, Tobias. "How Mariama Bâ Became World Literature: Translation and the Legibility of Feminist Critique." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1239.
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How did Mariama Bâ‘s 1979 novel Une si longue lettre (So Long a Letter) become one of the most widely read, taught, and translated African texts of the twentieth century? This essay traces how the Senegalese author's work became recognizable to a global audience as an attack on polygamy and a celebration of literary culture. I explore the flaws in these two conceptions of the novel, and I recover aspects of the text that were obscured along the way—especially the novel's critique of efforts to reform the legal framework of marriage in Senegal. I also compare striking shifts that occur in two key translations: the English edition that helped catalyze Bâ‘s success and a more recent translation into Wolof, the most widely spoken language in Senegal. By reading Letter back through these translations, I reposition it as a text that highlights its distance from an audience and transforms this distance into an animating contradiction.
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Diagne, Abibatou. "Wolof Terminology: Lexical Morphology and Sociolinguistic Implications." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 5 (September 26, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i5.17744.
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In this paper, we study the lexical morphology of Wolof and tools for terminologization. We focus on prefixes and suffixes. We will apply morphological analysis using the NooJ tool for the identification and extraction of terms from a corpus. We will also discuss the modality of corpus constitution and sources.The lexicon and morphology of Wolof are pretexts for terminological work. Beyond the linguistic aspects, we are interested in the sociolinguistic implications of the development of terminological units in this language. This is part of the general framework of language planning which, to be effective, must be taken into account through a clear and accepted language policy. The social impact covers the fields of scientific and general culture, thus contributing to the vitality of the language, to its social consolidation and to a change in the perception of speakers towards Wolof.Terminologie wolof: morphologie lexicale et implications sociolinguistiques
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WEBER, Ann M., Virginia A. MARCHMAN, Yatma DIOP, and Anne FERNALD. "Validity of caregiver-report measures of language skill for Wolof-learning infants and toddlers living in rural African villages." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 4 (March 9, 2018): 939–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000605.
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AbstractValid indigenous language assessments are needed to further our understanding of how children learn language around the world. We assessed the psychometric properties and performance of two caregiver-report measures of Wolof language skill (language milestones achieved and vocabulary knowledge) for 500 children (ages 0;4 to 2;6) living in rural Senegal. Item response models (IRM) evaluated instrument- and item-level performance and differential function by gender. Both caregiver-report measures had good psychometric properties and displayed expected age and socioeconomic effects. Modest concurrent validity was found by comparing the caregiver-report scores to transcribed child language samples from a naturalistic play session. The caregiver-report method offers a valid alternative to more costly tools, such as direct behavioral assessments or language sampling, for measuring early language development in non-literate, rural African communities. Recommendations are made to further improve the performance of caregiver-report measures of child language skill in these settings.
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Martinović, Martina. "The Topic-Comment Structure in Copular Sentences: Evidence from Wolof." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 39, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v39i1.3875.
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This paper investigates the syntax of information structure of Double-DP copular sentences in Wolof, a Niger-Congo language spoken primarily in Senegal. English copular sentences of the structure DP be DP are classified into several types. The most discussed distinction is the one between predicational sentences and specificational sentences. The two sentences differ in several ways. First, while the post-copular DP (DP2) in a predicational sentence predicates a certain property of a discourse referent es-tablished by the pre-copular DP (DP1), in a specificational sentence DP2 provides a value for a variable introduced by DP1. Furthermore, it is proposed that different copular sentences are associated with different information-structural properties. In particular, specificational sentences are claimed to obligatorily focus the post-copular constituent (Higgins 1979; Declerck 1988; Mikkelsen 2005, etc.), while predicational sentences carry no such requirements.
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CONRAD, DAVID C. "NJAAJAN NJAAY GOES TO BERKELEY The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (Griot in the Wolof Tradition). By SAMBA DIOP. Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995. Pp. 389. $109.95 (ISBN 0-7734-9031-0)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796396904.
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The Waalo Kingdom's tradition of origin, also identified by the name of its principal hero Njaajan Njaay (N'Diadiane N'Diaye), is not one of the better-known narrative texts of the Western Sudan, simply because there is not much of it and few variants have circulated in print; among the latter is one collected by Brasseur in 1778 and published in Jean Boulégue, Le Grand Jolof (XIII–XVI siècle), in 1987 (absent from this volume's bibliography) and another by Bérenger-Fèraud in Recueil de Contes Populaires de la Sénégambie, 1885. The 975-line variant presented here is therefore a welcome addition to that modest but interesting body of oral literature. This one includes the original Wolof-language text and an annotated English translation by the author. Appendices include two genealogies of Njaajan Njaay, one translated from the Arabic, and another from Wolof.
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Kretzschmar, Imogen, Ousman Nyan, Ann Marie Mendy, and Bamba Janneh. "Mental health in the Republic of The Gambia." International Psychiatry 9, no. 2 (May 2012): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003076.
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The Republic of The Gambia, on the west coast of Africa, is a narrow enclave into Senegal (which surrounds the nation on three sides), with a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, enclosing the mouth of the River Gambia. The smallest country on mainland Africa, The Gambia covers 11 295 km2 and has a population of 1705 000. There are five major ethnic groups: Mandinka, Fula, Wolof, Jola and Sarahuleh. Muslims represent 95% of the population. English is the official language but a miscellany of minor languages are also spoken (Serere, Aku, Mandjago, etc.). The Gambia has a history steeped in trade, with records of Arab traders dating back to the ninth century, its river serving as an artery into the continent, reaching as far as Mauritania. Indeed, as many as 3 million slaves were sold from the region during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The Gambia gained independence from the UK in 1965 and joined the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Dano, Domitille, Clémence Hénon, Ousseynou Sarr, Kanta Ka, Mouhamadou Ba, Awa Badiane, Ibrahima Thiam, et al. "Quality of Life During Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in a West African Population in Dakar, Senegal: A Prospective Study." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 5 (December 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00106.
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PURPOSE The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing in low- to middle-income countries such as Senegal. Our prospective study assessed the quality of life (QoL) of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study included women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy as initial treatment at the Center Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital in Dakar. Clinical, sociodemographic, and QoL data were collected and analyzed at three different times: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after the start of systemic therapy. Health-related QoL was assessed using a Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapies-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire after translation into the Wolof language. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to assess the changes in QoL scores. RESULTS Between July 2017 and February 2018, 120 patients were included in the study. Their median age was 45 years. Most patients (n = 105; 92%) had locally advanced disease (T3 to T4 stage) and lymph node involvement (n = 103; 88%), and half had metastatic disease. The FACT-B total scores significantly improved over time (β = 1.58; 95% CI, 0.50 to 2.67; P < .01). Nausea and vomiting were significantly associated with a decrease in FACT-B total scores (β = −16.89, 95% CI, −29.58 to −4.24, P = .012; and β = −13.44, 95% CI, −25.15 to −1.72, P = .028, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the feasibility of standardized QoL assessment in Senegalese patients with breast cancer. Our results indicated a potential improvement of QoL over the course of chemotherapy. Optimizing nausea and vomiting prevention may improve QoL.
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Fedora, Gasparetti, and Dinah Hannaford. "Genitorialitŕ a distanza: reciprocitŕ e migrazione senegalese." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (June 2009): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2009-001006.
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- Though the migratory experience offers opportunities for new kinds of practices, traditions, and family dynamics to develop, it also often replicates patterns and codes of behavior that already exist in the mi-grant's home culture. Senegalese migrants residing in Italy, as in other parts of the diaspora, tend to send their children to be raised by relatives in Senegal. Their motives are various and sundry: some cite the economic benefits, others the desire for the inculcation of Sene-galese values and Wolof language, still others the reluctance to have their children grow up "spoiled" as they view Italian children. For these reasons and others, Senegalese parents rarely raise their chil-dren in Italy, opting instead to leave them behind with relatives in Senegal. Yet this practice among Senegalese parents long predates contemporary Senegalese migration to Europe. Instead it follows a longstanding custom of receiving young family members into the home that draws on the fundamental Senegalese value of teranga, of-ten translated inadequately as hospitality. Teranga turns on the idea that the mother who hosts a visitor ensures that her children will find help and welcome whenever they need it. Senegalese families are duty-bound to accept even distant relatives into their homes for short, long and undetermined periods of time without question. When em-ployment or scholastic opportunities are presumed to be better in a different part of Senegal in which a relative resides, Senegalese need not think twice about presenting themselves to those relatives with full assurance of being offered a place to stay. In the migrant context, this kind of teranga works both ways. Though migrants abroad must be ready to receive their relatives in the host country at a moment's notice, they may also send home their children to be reared without fear of imposition. Thus the concept of parent-ing from afar and children "left behind" among the Senegalese is by no means an outgrowth of contemporary migratory practices. Instead it reflects a core Senegal-ese value and extends a practice that long predates Senegal's migratory history. This paper will highlight how care arrangements for children are organized in this particular Senegalese context of teranga, and how children of migrants experience the separation from their parents.Keywords family dynamics, second generations, tradition, socialization processes
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Batchelor, Kathryn, Lalbila Aristide Yoda, Féridjou Emilie Georgette Sanon Ouattara, and Olivia Hellewell. "Multilingualism and strategic planning for HIV/AIDS-related health care and communication." Wellcome Open Research 4 (December 12, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15584.1.
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Background: Many lower and middle income countries (LMICs) have high levels of linguistic diversity, meaning that health information and care is not available in the languages spoken by the majority of the population. This research investigates the extent to which language needs are taken into account in planning for HIV/AIDS-related health communication in development contexts. Methods: We analysed all HIV/AIDS-related policy documents and reports available via the websites of the Department for International Development UK, The Global Fund, and the Ministries of Health and National AIDS commissions of Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal. We used quantitative and qualitative analysis to assess the level of prominence given to language issues, ascertain the level at which mentions occur (donor/funder/national government or commission), and identify the concrete plans for interlingual communication cited in the documents. Results: Of the 314 documents analysed, 35 mention language or translation, but the majority of the mentions are made in passing or in the context of providing background socio-cultural information, the implications of which are not explored. At donor level (DFID), no mentions of language issues were found. Only eight of the documents (2.5%) outline concrete actions for addressing multilingualism in HIV/AIDS-related health communication. These are limited to staff training for sign language, and the production of multilingual resources for large-scale sensitization campaigns. Conclusions: The visibility of language needs in formal planning and reporting in the context of HIV/AIDS-related health care is extremely low. Whilst this low visibility should not be equated to a complete absence of translation or interpreting activity on the ground, it is likely to result in insufficient resources being dedicated to addressing language barriers. Further research is needed to fully understand the ramifications of the low prominence given to questions of language, not least in relation to its impact on gender equality.
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Marsh, Wendell. "Reading with the colonial in the life of Shaykh Musa Kamara, a Muslim scholar-saint." Africa 90, no. 3 (May 2020): 604–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000091.
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AbstractThe colonial-era Senegalese Muslim intellectual Shaykh Musa Kamara is best known for his over 1,700-page Arabic-language text about the history and social organization of the greater Western Sahel, Zuhūr al-basātīn fī tārīkh al-Sawādīn (Flowers in the Gardens in the History of the Blacks). Long celebrated by nationalist historiography as proof of an autochthonous historical consciousness and a spirit of tolerance, his status as a point of reference has been renewed in the contemporary context of Islamist political violence in the region. However, these receptions do not account for Kamara's own intellectual project, nor do they exhaust the possible readings of him in the present. In addition to thinking about Senegal in terms that cohere with the modern, Kamara also offers a way of thinking about the Muslim-majority West African country, and the greater Western Sahel more generally, in terms that have emerged from the historical specificity of the region. These include saintly subjectivity, notions of power irreducible to either the religious or the political, and a method of genealogical criticism. Importantly, he developed these ideas at the moment when a consensus about the place of Islam in colonial governance was being elaborated. Revisiting his body of work permits us to consider an analytical language about an African society with deep histories of Islam and an intellectual elaboration that was expressed within and sought to intervene in a colonial context.
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Lexander, Kristin Vold. "Literacies in contact when writing Wolof – orthographic repertoires in digital communication." Written Language and Literacy 23, no. 2 (December 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00040.lex.
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Abstract This paper investigates the resources writers activate when they spell Wolof, a West African language they usually use more in spoken than in written communication. I apply the notion of orthographic repertoire to examine three young women’s spelling of Wolof as socially embedded practices. The analysis covers three different sets of interactional data: (1) texting by Senegalese university students, (2) discussion forum posts, and (3) transnational digital family interaction. The spelling practices are examined with reference to the colonial history of spelling in Senegal, other contemporary informal literacies in West Africa, and the sociolinguistic context of the writers. The paper shows that the different spelling resources related to the multilingual and mediated nature of their writing are drawn upon as the three young women engage in digital literacy practices including Wolof.
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Merrill, John T. M. "The evolution of consonant mutation and noun class marking in Wolof." Diachronica, January 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.18046.mer.
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Abstract This paper analyzes the origins and evolution of the Wolof (Atlantic: Senegal) consonant mutation and noun class marking systems. I attribute Wolof mutation to the earlier presence of CV(C)- class prefixes on nouns, the (usually final) consonants of which fused with the following root-initial consonant to yield the modern mutation alternations. I reconstruct these original class prefixes using newly-proposed internal and comparative evidence, drawing on early documentary sources dating from the late 17th century. An understanding of the history of Wolof mutation allows for a better account of the synchronic system, in which mutation is triggered by specific noun classes rather than sporadically marking deverbal derivation. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how consonant mutation systems emerge and evolve, and of phonological considerations in noun class assignment.
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Simioni, Elena. "Se débrouiller à Dakar : langue(s) et culture(s) urbaines dans la bande dessinée Goorgoorlou de T.T. Fons." Il Tolomeo, no. 1 (December 19, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/tol/2499-5975/2019/01/021.
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In his successful comics series Goorgoorlou, the Senegalese journalist and cartoonist T.T. Fons depicts the difficulties of the day-to-day life in Dakar through the tragicomic adventures of the hero Goor, a symbol of the Senegalese everyman struggling with debts, political unrest, social distress and cultural paradoxes. This article introduces the economic, political and cultural context before discussing the linguistic features and the Italian translation of the series. Through vibrant images and a shared urban language, T.T. Fons shapes a national conscience out of a satirical publication and offers the readers a window into the dynamic linguistic landscape of Dakar. Goor speaks to all those who feel abandoned and deceived by the government in a way that truly reflects the multi-faceted linguistic system of urban Senegal: a skilful and authentic blend of French, Wolof, humoristic distortions and local idioms. Because its linguistic configuration acts as a de facto legitimation of an emerging urban culture between the late 1980s and the early 2000s, providing a suitable translation of the comics series into Italian has proved to be a challenging endeavour.