Academic literature on the topic 'Languages in contact – Uganda'

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Journal articles on the topic "Languages in contact – Uganda"

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Meierkord, Christiane. "Attitudes Towards Exogenous and Endogenous Uses of English: Ugandan’s Judgements of English Structures in Varieties of English." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n1p1.

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Uganda is a former British protectorate, where English has contributed to the country’s linguistic ecology since 1894, when the British established a protectorate over the area of the Buganda kingdom. Over time, Ugandan English has developed as a nativised second language variety, spoken by Uganda’s indigenous population. At the same time, due to migrations, globalisation and the influence of international media and the Internet, its speakers have increasingly been in contact with varieties other than British English: American English, Indian English, Kenyan English, and Nigerian English may all influence Ugandan English. This paper looks at how Ugandan English can be conceptualised as a variety shaped by other varieties. It reports on the results of acceptability tests carried out with 184 informants in the North, the Central and the West of Uganda and discusses how speakers assess individual grammatical structures used in Ugandan English and in those varieties they are potentially in contact with.
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Luffin, Xavier. "The influence of Swahili on Kinubi." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.29.2.04luf.

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Kinubi, as it is spoken today in Kenya and Uganda, is strongly influenced by Swahili, the two languages having been in contact with each other for more than one century. This influence does not occur in the lexicon alone, but also in the phonology and even the morphology and syntax of Kinubi. Though the analysis of the lexicon and the phonology appear to be rather easy, the possible influence of Swahili on Kinubi morphology and syntax may prove to be may be more problematic. However, this influence may be ‘measured’ through the comparison of Kinubi and Juba Arabic: many features shared by Kinubi and Swahili are not found in Juba Arabic, which tends to show that these expressions come from Swahili. This influence seems to be rather uniform, though Swahili does not occupy the same place in Uganda and Kenya. This fact may be explained by several factors, like the ‘Islamic’ culture of the Nubi, which makes Swahili a language of prestige, even in the community based in Uganda, as well as the permanence of the contact between Nubi communities across the border, including intermarriage and other social factors.
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Garrett, Paul B. "Contact languages as “endangered” languages." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 21, no. 1 (May 5, 2006): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.21.1.05gar.

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Pert, Viv. "Contact Point: Languages." Physiotherapy 79, no. 5 (May 1993): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62110-4.

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Pinkster, Harm. "LANGUAGES IN CONTACT." Classical Review 54, no. 1 (April 2004): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/54.1.134.

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Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. "Languages in contact." Asian Englishes 18, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2016.1193348.

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Rottet, Kevin J. "Translation and contact languages." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 523–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.04rot.

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In this study we use a translation corpus of English novels translated into two closely related Celtic languages, Welsh and Breton, as one way of shedding light on the extent to which languages can influence each other over time: Welsh has a long history of contact with English, and Breton with French. Ever since the work of Leonard Talmy (1991, 2000 etc.), linguists have recognized that languages fall into a small number of types with respect to how they prefer to talk about motion events. English is a good exemplar of the satellite-framed type, whereas French exemplifies the verb-framed type. Translation scholars have observed that translating between languages of two different types raises interesting questions (Slobin 2005; Cappelle 2012), and the topic is also of interest from the perspective of language contact: is it possible for a language of one type, in a situation of prolonged and intense bilingualism with a language of another type, to be influenced or perhaps even to change its own rhetorical preferences? The translation corpus provides a body of data which holds constant the starting point – the cue in each case was an English motion event in the source text. We do indeed find that Welsh and Breton have diverged in important ways in terms of their preferences for encoding motion events: Breton is revealed to have moved significantly in the direction of French with respect to these preferences.
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Williams, Lars Hedegaard. "Negotiating languages of suffering in northern Uganda." Qualitative Studies 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/qs.v6i1.124456.

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Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in northern Uganda, I argue that psychiatric notions of suffering brought into the region by humanitarian intervention programs interact with local concepts of suffering (based in spirit-idioms) in two ways: In some cases, the diagnostic notion of PTSD and its vernacular counterpart “trauma” psychologize the local cosmology, transforming local spirit concepts from social or moral categories, to psychological ones. In other cases, psychiatric discourses hinged around “trauma” become spiritualized or enchanted, where the concept of trauma becomes usurped by and part of local cosmology. In an attempt to understand these processes, I suggest understanding concepts of suffering through their use in social practice and based on pragmatist epistemology. If viewed as a pragmatist concepts, I argue, it becomes possible to understand the social life of concepts of suffering (such as “trauma”) when they become globalized and negotiated in new contexts and social practices.
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Mugumya, Levis, and Marianna Visser. "Reporting land conflict in Uganda." International Journal of Language and Culture 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2015): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.2.1.05mug.

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News reporting studies have largely been confined to the Western cultures and languages, yet news reporting in other languages has proliferated throughout the world (Thomson et al. 2008; Thomson & White 2008). This article explores news reporting in Runyankore-Rukiga, an agglutinating Ugandan Bantu language, focusing on land conflict. Assuming the influential discourse-linguistic framework of Appraisal theory and genre theory (Thomson et al. 2008), the article investigates the linguistic expressions of evaluative language in Runyankore-Rukiga across government-oriented and private newspapers. It also examines the properties that constitute Runyankore-Rukiga hard news reports. Although the genre analysis reveals that the structure of Runyankore-Rukiga hard news reports resembles the satellite structure of the English hard news reports as proposed by White (1997), some differences are identified. Not only does the news report unfold in a chronological order, it exhibits a distinct discursive feature that is characterized by anecdotes, metaphors, grim humor, or proverbs in the lead paragraph. This type of introduction does not necessarily capture the gist of the entire report but rather seeks out the reader’s attention. The article further explicates the nature of lexicogrammatical properties of evaluative language that news writers invoke to express attitudes in the news events. The appraisal exploration also examines instances of graduation in which different figures of speech and non-core lexis are invoked to amplify attitudinal values. The article thus extends Appraisal theory analysis to one of only a few African languages examined within this framework, and contributes to the understanding of news reporting in these languages and cultures.
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Grant, Anthony P., and Sarah G. Thomason. "Contact Languages: A Wider Perspective." Language 74, no. 3 (September 1998): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417802.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Languages in contact – Uganda"

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Tukwasibwe, Constance. "The influence of indigenous languages on Ugandan English as used in the media." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015637.

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When two or more languages come in contact, they influence each other in various ways, for example through word borrowing, transfer of sounds, morphology and syntax taken from one language system and imported to another. In this study, the primary concern is on the indigenous communities of Uganda learning the English language, plus the influence that this interaction brings into the linguistic space. Bringing the Ugandan multilingual situation into perspective, the study looks at how the English language has interacted with the local languages and the local speech habits, customs and traditions of the indigenous people, to the extent that it has been indigenized. Some word usage results in miscommunication due to the socio-cultural uniqueness of Ugandan cultural expressions. As an example, because of the practice of polygamy in most Ugandan cultures, words like co-wife are coined to mean 'a woman who shares a husband, or a husband's other wife', a word that is absent in both the language and culture of native English speakers. Furthermore some words are formed by calquing some indigenous language expressions, e.g. 'to eat money' or 'to eat cash', an expression that is calqued from the Luganda phrase, kulya sente. Such word coinages are meant to fill the 'shortfall' where the English language fails to provide adequate equivalents. Understanding the context of this kind of English usage and the influence from the indigenous languages is helpful in handling inter-cultural discourses, as the same expression may convey different senses to different people in different contexts. So then, this study deals with some peculiarities of Ugandan English, namely; the features of Ugandan English grammar which are influenced by the indigenous languages. Evidence from the Corpus of Ugandan English is explored to establish that indigenous languages in Uganda have a significant influence on the English language variety spoken in the country, and that a large part of English bilingual speakers cannot speak English without transferring the features from their mother tongue or indeed, switching and mixing codes. A British corpus was used for the purposes of comparison with Ugandan English. The research was conducted in Uganda, drawing data from English newspapers, radio and television talk -shows that were recorded to provide a structural analysis of the contact situations. The result of the study points to the fact that, indeed, the phonological, morpho-syntactic and semantic characteristics of Ugandan English have a considerable amount of influence from indigenous local languages. This study is hinged on the assumption that when indigenous languages and the target language come together in a linguistic contact situation, the resulting variety would exhibit distinct phonological, lexical, grammatical and semantic/pragmatic features ( cf. Sankoff, 2001; Thomason, 1995; Thomason & Kaufman, 1988; Winford, 2005). However, some of these innovations have attracted criticism from 'prescriptivists' such as Quirk (1985, 1988, 1990); Gaudio (2011); and Abbot (1991) who perceive them as 'nonstandard', 'incorrect English language usage' and a 'direct translation from the language user's mother tongue into English'. Yet, indigenous languages continue to play important roles in shaping the kind of English language usage in Uganda.
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Beauchamp, Hanna O. (Hanna Olga). "Languages in Contact: Polish and English." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500811/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the Polish language of immigrants who came to the United States during or after World War II and to test two related hypotheses: 1. Speakers of Polish use a number of lexical intrusions. 2. Lexical intrusions differ in scope depending on whether those speakers had immigrated with minimal education or they received at least 12 years of schooling prior to their immigration. The study was conducted in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in January and February of 1990. The sample consisted of 16 informants whose interviews were recorded and analyzed in terms of lexical borrowings, cultural branches, and parts of speech. Findings supported the two hypotheses.
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Lalor, Olgar. "Languages in contact in North West Caucasian communities." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503476.

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Hickey, Raymond. "Syntax and prosody in language contact and shift." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1930/.

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Extract: [...]It is true that scholars concentrate on a certain linguistic level in order to reach the greatest depth in their research. But this general stance should not lead to a complete neglect of other levels. When considering a multi-level phenomenon such as language contact and shift, concentration on a single linguistic level can have the unintended and unfortunate consequence of missing linguistically significant generalisations. This is especially true of the main division of linguistic research into a phonological and a grammatical camp, where syntacticians miss phonological generalisations and phonologists syntactic ones. In the present paper the interrelationship of syntax and prosody is investigated with a view to explaining how and why certain transfer structures from Irish became established in Irish English. In this context, the consideration of prosody can be helpful in explaining the precise form of transfer structures in the target variety, here vernacular Irish English. The data for the investigation will consider well-known features of this variety, such as unbound reflexives, non-standard comparatives and tag questions. Furthermore, the paper points out that, taking prosodic patterns into account, can help in extrapolating from individual transfer to the community- wide establishment of transfer structures. In sum, prosody is an essential element in any holistic account of language contact and shift.[...]
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Stüber, Karin. "Effects of Language Contact on Roman and Gaulish Personal Names." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1921/.

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Extract: [...]The Roman conquest of what was to become the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the second and then of the whole of Transalpine Gaul in the first century B.C. led to the incorporation into the Roman empire of a large part of the territory in which Gaulish was then spoken.1 In consequence, the vernacular rapidly lost its footing at least in public life and was soon replaced by Latin, the language of the new masters, which enjoyed higher prestige (cf. e.g. Meid 1980: 7-8). On the other hand, Gaulish continued to be written for some three centuries and was probably used in speech even longer, especially in rural areas. We must therefore posit a prolonged period of bilingualism. The effects of this situation on the Latin spoken in the provinces of Gaul seem to have been rather limited. A number of lexical items, mostly from the field of everyday life, and some phonetic characteristics are the sole testimonies of a Gaulish substratum in the variety of Latin that was later to develop into the Romance dialects of France (cf. Meid 1980: 38, fn. 77). [...]
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Tan, Siew Imm. "Languages in contact: a corpus-based study ofMalaysian newspaper English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015673.

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Debicka-Dyer, Anna Michalina. "French and Spanish in Contact: Code-switching among Spanish Immigrants in France." MSSTATE, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11072006-174521/.

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This sociolinguistic study of the bilingual speech of Spanish immigrants in Toulouse, France focuses on the phenomenon of code-switching (CS). The analysis of the data showed that most CS was situational, rather than metaphorical. Three types of CS were found: insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. Their examination revealed that the insertion of French words was more common than of Spanish items, the alternation was most frequent in repetitions, and the congruent lexicalization was present at the grammatical and structural level. The speech of the individual participants was also analyzed, and it was found that the sociological aspects greatly affected the use of CS. Finally, the analysis of the frequency effects was conducted revealing that the topic of the nouns influenced the language in which the nouns were used. The results proved that it is impossible to conduct a reliable grammatical analysis without including the sociolinguistic aspects.
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Kirunda, Rebecca Florence. "Exploring the link between literacy practices, the rural-urban dimension and academic performance of primary school learners in Uganda district, Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study aimed at establishing and analysing the literacy practices in the rural and urban communities and their effect on the academic achievements of learners. It also aimed to establish the impact of other factors, such as the exposure to the language of examination, the level of parents formal education and the quality of parental mediation in the their children's academic work, which could be responsible for the imbalance between the rural and urban learners academic achievements. This study endeavours to established that the literacy practices in urban areas prepare learners for schooled and global literacies while the literacies in rural areas are to localised and thus impoverish the learners initial literacy development. This study also seek to determine the extent to which the current language policy in education in Uganda favours the urban learners at the expense of the rural learners as far as the acculturation into and acquisition of the schooled and global literacies are concerned.
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Meakins, Felicity. "Case-marking in contact : the development and function of case morphology in Gurindji Kriol, and Australian mixed language /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003898.

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Anderson, Gregory D. S. "Language contact in South Central Siberia." Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2674956&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Books on the topic "Languages in contact – Uganda"

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Sebba, Mark. Contact Languages. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25587-0.

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Bakker, Peter, and Yaron Matras, eds. Contact Languages. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781614513711.

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Thomason, Sarah G., ed. Contact Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.

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Holm, John. Contact languages. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2009.

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Siemund, Peter, and Noemi Kintana, eds. Language Contact and Contact Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hsm.7.

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Questioning language contact: Limits of contact, contact at its limits. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

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Semitic languages in contact. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

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Languages in contact 2010. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Filologicznej we Wrocławiu, 2011.

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Language contact in Amazonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Contact languages: A comprehensive guide. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Languages in contact – Uganda"

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Meakins, Felicity, Jennifer Green, and Myfany Turpin. "Contact languages." In Understanding Linguistic Fieldwork, 238–60. First edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : New York, NY : Routledge, [2018] |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203701294-10.

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Zentz, Lauren. "Moving languages." In Contact Talk, 53–71. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429427848-4.

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Dutton, Tom. "Hiri Motu." In Contact Languages, 9. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.05dut.

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Goddard, Ives. "Pidgin Delaware." In Contact Languages, 43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.06god.

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Huttar, George L., and Frank J. Velantie. "Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin." In Contact Languages, 99. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.07hut.

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Owens, Jonathan. "Arabic-based Pidginsand Creoles." In Contact Languages, 125. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.08owe.

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Mufwene, Salikoko S. "Kitúba." In Contact Languages, 173. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.09muf.

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Pasch, Helma. "Sango." In Contact Languages, 209. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.10pas.

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Nurse, Derek. "Prior Pidginization and Creolization in Swahili?" In Contact Languages, 271. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.11nur.

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Bakker, Peter, and Robert A. Papen. "Michif." In Contact Languages, 295. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.17.12bak.

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Conference papers on the topic "Languages in contact – Uganda"

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"Languages in Contact and Applied Linguistics – ‘Intruded’ Bilingualism." In Oct. 2-4, 2018 Budapest (Hungary). Universal Researchers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae4.uh10184039.

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Lai, Li-Fang, and Shelome Gooden. "Tonal Hybridization in Yami-Mandarin Contact." In TAL2018, Sixth International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/tal.2018-7.

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Johnson, A., P. Turimumahoro, E. Ochom, A. Meyer, J. Ggita, M. Armstrong-Hough, A. Katamba, and J. L. Davis. "Organizational Readiness to Deliver Household TB Contact Investigation in Uganda: A Survey of Health Facilities." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3924.

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Hennein, R., J. Ggita, P. Turimumahoro, E. Ochom, A. J. Meyer, M. Armstrong-Hough, A. Katamba, and J. L. Davis. "Identifying the Functional Components of a Community of Practice to Improve Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Uganda." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3925.

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Liu, Hongyan, and Qingping Ren. "The Language Contact Status of Kanbun Kundoku in East Asian Languages." In 4th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Intercultural Communication (ICELAIC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-17.2017.91.

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ANWAR, Desvalini. "Teaching English Literature in the 'Contact Zone': Speaking Back to 'Official Nationalism'." In Sixth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.72.

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Tomás, José M. "Looking Beyond Students’ Language Learning and Attitudes Towards Three Languages In Contact." In Edu World 7th International Conference. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.05.02.63.

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Nefedov, Andrey. "A Polysynthetic Language in Contact: The Case of Ket." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.5-2.

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Ket is one of the most enigmatic polysynthetic languages in North Asia. The majority of structural features complicating a clear-cut typological analysis of Ket are due to the long-term contact with the languages of a radically different type that resulted in a peculiar process of structural mimicry (or ‘typological accommodation’ in Vajda’s (2017) terms). The mimicry is most evident in the verbal morphology, which is traditionally regarded as almost exclusively prefixing. While this is true for the oldest layer of verbs with the main lexical root in the final position, Ket’s most productive patterns of verb formation clearly imitate suffixal agglutination typical of the surrounding languages by placing the main lexical root in the initial position with the rest of morphemes following it. This presentation aims to demonstrate that this phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level. Prototypical polysynthetic languages are largely devoid of overt subordination (cf. Baker 1996). Ket, however, signals adverbial subordination by using postposed relational morphemes attached to fully finite verbs. This pattern is common to adverbial clauses in the neighboring languages, the difference being that they attach relational morphemes to non-finite forms only. This functional-structural parallel is likewise attested in relative clauses. The surrounding languages share a common relativization pattern involving preposed participial relative clauses with a ‘gapped’ relativized noun phrase (Pakendorf 2012). This resembles the major relativization pattern in Ket, in which, however, preposed relative clauses are fully finite. Formation of adverbial and relative clauses in Ket clearly mimics that of the surrounding languages and does not conform to the expected ‘polysynthetic’ pattern. At the same time, Ket resists accommodating a participle-like morphology, which can be connected with the general tendency among polysynthetic languages not to have truly non-finite forms (cf. Nichols 1992).
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Rueter, Jack. "DEMO: Giellatekno Open-source click-in-text dictionaries for bringing closely related languages into contact." In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Uralic Languages. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-0602.

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Timiri, Sai Chandra Mouli. "Rise and Decline of Languages: A Struggle for Survival." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.3-3.

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Shifts in language presence are often predicated on the political and economic power of its users, where power level correlates with the longevity of the language. Further, during language contact, any resistance between the communities may lead to political and social conflict. The dominant language usually prevails, subjugating the weaker speech communities to the point where they adapt in various ways, processes which effect hegemonies. Language contact also motivates bilingualism, which takes effect over years. This paper suggests that, observing colonization through certain Asian countries, and centrally India, phonological influences have become conspicuous. Postcolonial contexts have selected language identities to assert local linguistic and sociocultural identities through specifying phonetic uniqueness. The study notes that economic trends alter this process, as do political factors. The study investigates how the role of English as an official language and lingua franca in India predicates the selection of certain phonetic patterns so as to legitimize identities of language communities. As such, Indian Englishes have developed their own unique varieties of language, through this process.
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Reports on the topic "Languages in contact – Uganda"

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Orrnert, Anna. Review of National Social Protection Strategies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.026.

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This helpdesk report reviews ten national social protection strategies (published between 2011-2019) in order to map their content, scope, development processes and measures of success. Each strategy was strongly shaped by its local context (e.g. how social development was defined, development priorities and existing capacity and resources) but there were also many observed similarities (e.g. shared values, visions for social protection). The search focused on identifying strategies with a strong social assistance remit from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Sarahan African and South and South-East Asian regions1 (Latin America was deemed out of scope due the advanced nature of social protection there). Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa are most widely available. Few examples are available from the MENA region2 – it may be that such strategies do not currently exist, that potential strategy development process are in more nascent stages or that those strategies that do exist are not accessible in English. A limitation of this review is that it has not been able to review strategies in other languages. The strategies reviewed in this report are from Bangladesh (2015), Cambodia (2011), Ethiopia (2012), Jordan (2019), Kenya (2011), Lesotho (2014), Liberia (2013), Rwanda (2011), Uganda (2015) and Zambia (2014). The content of this report focuses primarily on the information from these strategies. Where appropriate, it also includes information from secondary sources about other strategies where those original strategies could not be found (e.g. Saudi Arabia’s NSDS).
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2

Dubeck, Margaret M., Jonathan M. B. Stern, and Rehemah Nabacwa. Learning to Read in a Local Language in Uganda: Creating Learner Profiles to Track Progress and Guide Instruction Using Early Grade Reading Assessment Results. RTI Press, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.op.0068.2106.

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The Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) is used to evaluate studies and monitor projects that address reading skills in low- and middle-income countries. Results are often described solely in terms of a passage-reading subtask, thereby overlooking progress in related skills. Using archival data of cohort samples from Uganda at two time points in three languages (Ganda, Lango, and Runyankore-Rukiga), we explored a methodology that uses passage-reading results to create five learner profiles: Nonreader, Beginner, Instructional, Fluent, and Next-Level Ready. We compared learner profiles with results on other subtasks to identify the skills students would need to develop to progress from one profile to another. We then used regression models to determine whether students’ learner profiles were related to their results on the various subtasks. We found membership in four categories. We also found a shift in the distribution of learner profiles from Grade 1 to Grade 4, which is useful for establishing program effectiveness. The distribution of profiles within grades expanded as students progressed through the early elementary grades. We recommend that those who are discussing EGRA results describe students by profiles and by the numbers that shift from one profile to another over time. Doing so would help describe abilities and instructional needs and would show changes in a meaningful way.
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