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Journal articles on the topic 'Languages under study'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Roberts, James Cooper. "Infixed Reduplication under Kalin’s Infixation Process." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.2.388.

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Infixed reduplication is a morphophonological process where a word in whole or part is copied and re-inserted into the word. A previous article (which this work is based primarily on) posits a specific order for the infixation process, simplified as follows: Concatenation > Exponent Choice > Linear Displacement > Prosodification. However, the author of said work does not directly address infixed reduplication in their study. This raises two important questions. When in the infixation process does reduplication occur? Furthermore, is this timing universal, or is there variation across

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Asst. Inst. Nafal Salih Islam and Asst. Inst. Ajwad T. Abood. "Negation in English, Arabic and Kurdish: A Contrastive Study." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 62, no. 1 (2023): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v62i1.2033.

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The present study focuses on the points of similarities and differences found in English, Arabic and Kurdish languages in terms of negation. The three languages belong to different families and they all exist in the researchers own country (Iraq). Arabic is spoken natively in the middle, the western and the southern parts. Kurdish is spoken natively in the northern part called Kurdistan Region. English is a foreign language in all parts of Iraq. All the three languages under study are taught as school subjects all over Iraq in general and higher education. Negation is dealt with in the three l

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Arkhipova, I. V., G. A. Rozhkov, S. V. Pristupa, E. O. Sergopoltseva, and A. P. Tumanova. "Students' Motivation under the Study of Foreign Languages in a Pharmaceutical University." Discourse 8, no. 2 (2022): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-113-123.

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Introduction. The authors of the research aimed to determine the level of students' interest in foreign languages, leading motives, as well as the presence of difficulties arising under the study of a foreign language. The importance of motivation in the process of learning foreign languages in a non-linguistic university is emphasized.Methodology and sources. The authors of the research describe the questionnaire survey and analysis of the results obtained in its course. This research involved 267 students of 1–2 courses of the Pharmaceutical Faculty of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and

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Uusküla, Mari, Liivi Hollman, and Urmas Sutrop. "Basic colour terms in five Finno-Ugric languages and Estonian Sign Language: a comparative study." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2012): 47–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2012.3.1.02.

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In this paper we compare five Finno-Ugric languages – Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Udmurt and Komi-Zyrian – and the Estonian Sign Language (unclassified) in different aspects: established basic colour terms, the proportion of basic colour terms and different colour terms in the collected word-corpora, the cognitive salience index values in the list task and the number of dominant colour tiles in the colour naming task. The data was collected, using the field method of Davies and Corbett, from all languages under consideration, providing a distinctive foundation for linguistic comparison. We a

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Maqsudova, Fayzilat Shaxobovna. "PROBLEMS OF INTERFERENCE TRANSPOSITION IN THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS IN NATIONAL AUDIENCES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 03, no. 05 (2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-05-07.

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The article considers the implementation of comparative analysis and description of the vocabulary of proverbs and sayings of the Russian and Uzbek languages and the identification of the field of speech interference. The comparative study of languages is increasingly attracting the attention of linguists, since the comparison of the same linguistic phenomenon in different languages makes it possible to more clearly and clearly reveal the essence of the phenomenon under study, to detect its specificity both in linguistic, systemic terms, and in speech, functional.

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Chen, Chi Hua, and Li Hua Fang. "On Preservation of the Endangered Languages in Information Era: A Case Study of Tujia Language." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2068.

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Language endangerment is deteriorating under the background of globalization. In the information era, the preservation of endangered languages is more urgent and important than before. The best preservation of the endangered languages is to study them. Based on the traditional research, a new system of the preservation of the endangered languages should be explored by using modern technology. This paper deals with this problem by taking Tujia language as an example.

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Morshed, Sarwar. "A Study of Augmentativization in English and Bangla." Journal of ELT Research 3, no. 1 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jer_vol3issue1pp68-77.

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Augmentativization refers to the processes of formation of words denoting largeness. In this study, the researcher has juxtaposed English and Bangla vis-à-vis their mechanisms in the construction of augmentatives. The present research reveals that the languages under this study have striking similarities in the process of augmentativization. Both the languages use affixation in the construction of augmentatives. Curiously, the two languages employ prefixation to form the bulk of their augmentative vocabulary. Suffixation in augmentativization is very marginal in both the languages. Apart from

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Kovács, Írisz. "The maze of language policy: A study of minority languages in Aragón." Lélektan és hadviselés 7, no. 1 (2025): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.35404/lh.2025.1.9.

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Aragón is an autonomous community located in the north-eastern part of Spain. Like many other Spanish regions, it possesses its own linguistic identity, with Aragonese and Catalan traditionally spoken in certain areas. In recent years, the situation of Aragón's minority languages has become the focus of significant legal and political debate. In 2023, legal reforms introduced by the coalition of the People's Party (PP) and Vox dramatically altered the region's approach to minority languages. These reforms eliminated the explicit recognition of Catalan and Aragonese as part of the region's cult

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Martín Torres, Gabriela. "On Rough Approximations of Languages under Infinite Index Indiscernibility Relations." Fundamenta Informaticae 179, no. 3 (2021): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2024.

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In the paper [13] Păun, Polkowski and Skowron introduce several indiscernibility relations among strings that are infinite index equivalence or tolerance relations, and study lower and upper rough approximations of languages defined by them. In this paper we develop a further study of some of these indiscernibility relations among strings. We characterize the classes defined by them, and the rough approximations of general and context free languages under them. We also compare some of the rough approximations these relations produce to the ones given by the congruences defining testable, rever

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Novozhilov, Alexey G. "Preserving the languages of indigenous minorities under globalization (a case study of the Russian North-West)." Rusin, no. 67 (2022): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/67/20.

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The preservation and development of the languages of indigenous minorities is one of the most urgent problems in the functioning of the ethno-cultural diversity of the planet. The problem poses certain tasks to both the academic community and public and governmental organizations. In this paper, the author analyses the documents and draws on the basic research and his own field materials to consider the preservation of the language of three Balto-Finnic minorities - the Vepsians, the Votians, and the Izhorians. The research has established that the three indigenous minorities face both common

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Tabar, Farahnaz Jalilian, and Narjes Banou Sabouri. "The Study of Kurdish & Persian Languages Use in Kermanshah." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 8 (2016): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0608.19.

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This study is an attempt to explore the extent people of Kermanshah use Kurdish and Persian languages. Three hundred eighty-four samples were chosen out of 857048 population (adopted from Cochran (Cochran, 1977) randomly. The subjects were selected in terms of gender (male of female), age group (Under 10, 11-16, 17-25, 65 to over), education (Illiterate, Primary, Secondary, High school, AD, BA, MA, or higher). The questionnaire is designed on the basis of Parasher pattern (1980). The selection of Kurdish and Persian languages were under study in six social contexts of “family, friendship, neig

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Hamasalh, Rezan Mahmood, and Nariman Abdullah Khoshnaw. "Case theory in Kurdish and Arabic A comparative study." Journal of University of Raparin 10, no. 3 (2023): 108–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(10).no(3).paper6.

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This research has been written under the title: The Grammatical Case in Kurdish and Arabic Languages: A Comparative Study. The research aims to identify points of similarities and differences between the grammatical case in Standard Arabic and Kurdish language (Sorani dialect/Sulaymaniyah subdialect). The importance of the research lies in its usage - for the first time – of the modern transformational generative theory to compare Kurdish and Arabic languages. The research – with excluding the summary and introduction - consists of two axes: The first axis talks about the principles of t

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Pa, Win Pa, Ye Kyaw Thu, Andrew Finch, and Eiichiro Sumita. "A Study of Statistical Machine Translation Methods for Under Resourced Languages." Procedia Computer Science 81 (2016): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.057.

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Caldecott, Marion. "St’át'imcets intonation contours: a preliminary study." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 61, no. 2 (2016): 119–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2016.11.

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AbstractAcoustic research on the prosody and intonation of Northwest Coast languages has until recently been under-researched. This paper joins the growing body of research on the subject and reports on the results of the first study of intonation in St’át'imcets (Lillooet Salish; Northern Interior Salish). It tests the generalization proposed by Davis (2007) that information structure is not correlated with prosody in Salish languages by comparing the intonation contours of declaratives and yes/no questions. Specifically, I ask two questions: is nuclear accent rightmost? And are yes/no questi

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Meliana, Riska, Manna Maria Sopiana Manalu, and Sulis Triyono. "Tracing the Linguistic Roots of Malay and Batak Languages in Sumatra Island: A Historical Comparative Study." OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 18, no. 1 (2024): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v18i1.12865.

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Previous research in comparative historical linguistics has traditionally focused on languages within a single region, overlooking cognate languages in other areas. This study seeks to rectify this by quantitatively and qualitatively describing the kinship between Rejang, Serawai, Lembak (Bengkulu), and Toba, Mandailing, and Nias (North Sumatra) languages. It aims to unearth empirical evidence regarding the timing of divergence between Malay and Batak languages, as well as the grouping of languages and the percentage of kinship between Bengkulu Province and North Sumatra Province. Utilizing Mo

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Jonhera, Tongai, and Tineyi Nyoni. "Linguistic hegemony and the minority languages battle for the Zimbabwean broadcasting space: A case of ZBC Television and National FM." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IV (2023): 1178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7498.

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Zimbabwe is a multi-cultural nation with diverse ethno-linguistic groups. The country’s minority ethnic groups, however are under severe threat of extinction. The effective use of minority languages in the media, significantly contributes to efforts aimed at saving these languages. Drawing on the theory of Hegemony, the study focuses on linguistic hegemony and the representation of minority languages in the broadcasting media, using ZBC Television and National FM as case studies. The data was gathered using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and content analysis. This study argues that, minor

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Finkel, Olivier. "On Winning Conditions of High Borel Complexity in Pushdown Games." Fundamenta Informaticae 66, no. 3 (2005): 277–98. https://doi.org/10.3233/fun-2005-66304.

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In a recent paper [19, 20] Serre has presented some decidable winning conditions Ω _{A_1&rtri;&mldr;&rtri;A_n&rtri;A_{n+1}} of arbitrarily high finite Borel complexity for games on finite graphs or on pushdown graphs. We answer in this paper several questions which were raised by Serre in [19,20]. We study classes C _n (A), defined in [20], and show that these classes are included in the class of non-ambiguous context free ω-languages. Moreover from the study of a larger class C _n^&lambda; (A) we infer that the complements of languages in C _n (A) are also non-ambiguous co

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Al-Jarrah, Lina Ali, Yazan Shaker Al-Mahameed, and Imad Abedalkareem Ababneh. "A Comparative Study of Personal Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns and Relative Pronouns in Arabic, English and Spanish." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 12 (2020): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.12.13.

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This study aims at conducting a comprehensive comparison of pronouns in three languages namely Arabic, English and Spanish. The comparison is implemented in light of three types of pronouns; personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns and relative pronouns. The comparison aims chiefly at revealing areas of differences and similarities between pronouns in the three languages under investigation. The researchers compare pronouns in terms of their types, classifications and main characteristics. The comparison is accompanied with illustrative examples to enhance understanding the use of pronouns in

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Awal, Abdul. "Indigenous Languagages in Bangladesh: A Sociolinguistics Study." Indonesian Journal of Integrated English Language Teaching 10, no. 2 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.24014/ijielt.v10i2.14866.

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The paper reveals the socio-linguistic position of Bangladesh where numerous indigenous or ethnic languages are under the threat of ‘Language Loss’. At present day language loss or language death has become a common phenomenon in different territories in the world, Bangladesh is in no difference. Extinction of indigenous languages in Bangladesh is associated with several socio-political and cultural reasons as well as the unconsciousness of language planning and policy making. It is noted that due to the domination of one variety of language over another language or another variety has made th

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Pawlak, Aneta. "Sobre las lenguas románicas y las diferentes perspectivas de su análisis reflejadas en la monografía bajo la redacción de Andrzej Zieliński Las formulas de saludo y de despedida en las lenguas románicas : sincronía, diacronía y aplicación a la enseñanza." Romanica Cracoviensia 21, no. 3 (2021): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843917rc.21.025.14197.

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About the Romance languages and the different perspectives of their analysis reflected in the monograph written under the direction of Andrzej Zieliński Las fórmulas de saludo y de despedida en las lenguas románicas: sincronía, diacronía y aplicación a la enseñanza The work mentions the current perspectives in the analysis of Romance languages, making a critical review of the monograph written under the direction of Andrzej Zieliński, whose object of study are the greeting and farewell formulas. In addition, the work highlights the importance of studying and preserving minority languages which

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Nassar, Mahmoud Mamdouh Baker, Akram Idrees Mohammad Al-Ashqar, and Mohammad Ali Abedalqader Shatanawi. "A Comparative Study of Arabic Motion Verbs to their English Counterparts." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 9 (2020): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.9.22.

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This paper examines some semantics aspects of Arabic motion verbs compared to their English counterparts. Although both languages belong to different remote families, both languages share some common features about Motion especially on the idea of locomotors vs. non-locomotors (translative and non-translative movement). A lexically-semantic comparison is drawn between motion verbs in both languages in terms of suggested semantic components such as Motion itself, Manner, Directionality, Path, Fictive, and Motion. The researchers used resources such as encyclopedias, library references books spe

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Phung, Trung-Nghia, Duc-Binh Nguyen, and Ngoc-Phuong Pham. "A Review on Speech Recognition for Under-Resourced Languages." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 15, no. 1 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.332869.

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Fundamental speech recognition technologies for high-resourced languages are currently successful to build high-quality applications with the use of deep learning models. However, the problem of “borrowing” these speech recognition technologies for under-resourced languages like Vietnamese still has challenges. This study reviews fundamental studies on speech recognition in general as well as speech recognition in Vietnamese, an under-resourced language in particular. Then, it specifies the urgent issues that need current research attention to build Vietnamese speech recognition applications i

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Rafay Khan, Abdul, and Ghazala Kausar. "Case Valuation in Transitive Clauses: A Comparative Study of Punjabi and English Syntax." Linguistics and Literature Review 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.71.01.

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Case is a morphological realization on a noun phrase (NP) to represent the NP's grammatical relationship with the main verb of the clause. With respect to case, languages, in many cases, can be broadly divided into two alignment systems, i.e., ergative-absolutive and nominative-accusative. In the former type of languages, e.g., Punjabi, the subjects usually receive an ergative post position in transitive clauses (with perfective aspect) while in the latter type of languages, e.g., English, the subject, i.e., in nominative case receives, no post position. There has been a widespread controversy

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Muhammad, Hatem Walia, and Zana Majid Karim. "The Pronoun in Kurdish and Arabic Languages: A Contrastive Study." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, no. 1 (2022): 595–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.1.37.

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This contrastive study aims at ferreting out the differences and similarities between the Kurdish languages and the Arabic in term of the pronoun. The study is considered of high importance since pronopuns which consred one of the most misleading element to the language learners. The research will be under the farme work of (Contrastive study). The study revealed that there are some areas of differences and other areas of similarities between these two languages in the pronouns. The research aims to study the contrasting between the two languages with specific attempts at reviewing the use of

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Kumari, Mamta. "Austro-Asiatic Numeration." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 07 (2023): 4453–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8190732.

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This paper is an attempt to exhibit the commonalities as well as variations present in the numeral systems of four Austro-Asiatic (AA) languages of India, namely Khasi, Pnar, Santali and Mundari. Khasi and Pnar are classified under the ‘Mon- Khmer Branch’ of AA family, while languages Mundari and Santali fall under the ‘Munda Branch’ of the same. This study assays the structure of counting systems in detail while simultaneously compares it with systems in other languages of the family. The paper not only analyses the cardinals and their structure, but also sheds light o

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Aleshina, Olesya S., Veronika S. Mishina, and Yulia V. Fil. "Semantics of incomplete action in Russian, Ukrainian, and English." Rusin, no. 75 (2024): 212–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/75/11.

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Semantic categories can be studied effectively using a comparative approach, since it allows to determine the general and specific features of the object under study against the background of the languages under consideration, but also to see the peculiarities of native speakers’ perception of the surrounding world. This is also relevant for the category of aspectuality. The discoveries of Slavic aspectology of the 20th century were actively used to study aspectual semantics in other Indo-European languages, including Germanic ones, in which the category of aspectuality has a different charact

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DIASAMIDZE, Gulnara. "Teaching Foreign Languages under the Conditions of Globalization." Journal in Humanities 3, no. 1 (2014): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/hum.v3i1.307.

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Foreign languages play a rather important role in the current multi-cultural globalized market. Knowledge of a foreign language can help you to effectively cooperate with your colleagues, serve the clients better and even built a totally new career! For whatever reason a foreign language is studied, self-confidence is definitely gained in the process of learning by achievement of the set objectives. In addition, in the process of learning you make many new friends among bearers of the language in the neighborhood, as well as on other continents! Knowledge of a foreign language is a skill which

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Alqarni, Salha. "Coextension Paths and Access Paths: A Comparative Study of Abstract Motion in English and Arabic." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 2 (2022): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.14.

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This paper examines the elements of abstract motion as represented by coextension path expressions and access path expressions. The elements include Path, Manner, Duration, and Mover. It does so by comparing English and Arabic languages with the purpose of building a model for abstract motion in Arabic and of performing a comparative analysis of the linguistic representation of abstract motion in the two languages under consideration. The study found that the two types of abstract motion under consideration differ in how they express the four components of motion, namely, path, manner, duratio

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Yaqub, Mumtaz, and Muhammad K. Khan. "A descriptive study of vowels in Dialects of Pakistani English." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027193.

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The widespread use of English as a lingua franca has created many varieties of Global English. Pakistani English is an under-documented variety. As Pakistan is a multilingual country, it has been a difficult task for the linguists to document the dialects of Pakistani English and to determine how these dialects are influenced by regional languages (e.g. Pashto, Punjabi, Urdu etc.). Previous studies focused on Pakistani English of only a few locations (influenced by only a few regional languages). A broad-based study is required to document the phonetics of Pakistani English. The current study

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Rott, Julian A., Elisabeth Verhoeven, and Paola Fritz-Huechante. "Valence orientation and psych properties: Toward a typology of the psych alternation." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2020): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0020.

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AbstractLanguages differ with respect to the morphological structure of their verbal inventory: some languages predominantly derive intransitive experiencer-subject verbs from more basic transitive experiencer-object verbs by morphosyntactic operations such as stative passivization (e.g., German, English), reflexivization (e.g., German, Spanish), or mediopassive voice (e.g., Greek, Icelandic). Other languages apply transitivizing operations of causativization to intransitive basic forms, e.g., via causative affixes (e.g., Turkish, Japanese, Yucatec Maya) or embedding under causative predicates

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Tkachenko, Yana. "METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES UNDER MARTIAL LAW." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Actual problems of Ukrainian society development, no. 1 (October 20, 2022): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2227-6890.2022.1.12.

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Due to the development of society, learning foreign languages is in great demand among students. Even duringthe coronavirus pandemic, it got a media format. And when Ukraine was engulfed in the war of 2022, after a break ofalmost a month, teaching returned to normal, but moving on to the next stage of multimedia technology. All this addeda more interesting character to foreign language classes: despite the already established system of forms of workclasses began to focus on two parts of students (those who can attend classes and those who cannot). However,everyone has to study, that is why in

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Ionin, Tania, Maria Goldshtein, and Tatiana Luchkina. "Word order in heritage Russian under different dominant languages." Journal of Slavic Linguistics 31, no. 3 (2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2024.a951674.

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abstract: This paper reports on an experimental study that examines the relationship between word order and information structure in the Russian of adult English-dominant and Hebrew-dominant heritage speakers of Russian. The objectives of the study were: (a) To examine whether the relationship between word order and information structure is acquirable by heritage speakers; and (b) To examine whether there is transfer from the dominant language in this domain. The results of an acceptability judgment task show that heritage speakers performed quite similarly to monolinguals; there was improveme

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Chivarzina, Alexandra I. "A Comparative Study of Colour Terms in Ttranslations of the New Testament into Macedonian and Albanian." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.08.

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The article considers the colour terms present in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The characteristic features of the translation are determined by both the cultural unity and the lexical systems of the Balkan languages under consideration. Among the few contexts using colour terms, most are translated equally. This can be explained by both objective reasons (natural colour of objects) and general connotations attributed to the main colours of the spectrum. The attention of this study is focused primarily on the places in the text where different translation decision

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Cherniavska, Antonina. "FLORONYM МАК / POPPY IN THE NATIONAL WORLD CONCEPTION OF UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH SPEAKERS". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 42, № 5 (2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4201.

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The article is an attempt to study the semantics of floronyms мак / poppy in the Ukrainian and English languages. It focuses on the study of the inner form of idioms and paroemias that have the analysed component-flower as a part of their structure. Universal characteristics of the semantics of the given floronyms have been researched. Specific national features of the semantics of the analysed floronyms are singled out for both languages under research. The concepts that are phraseologically actualized in the Ukrainian and English languages due to the semantic components of floronyms мак / po

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Ismailova, M. "CONVERSION ANTONYMS IN KYRGYZ AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES." Vestnik Bishkek state university af. K. Karasaev 2, no. 61 (2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu/2022.61.51.

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The work is devoted to the comparative study of lexical features of antonyms in the Kyrgyz and Russian languages. The relevance of the research is justified by the fact that there are almost no scientific works devoted to the problems of antonymy in the Kyrgyz and Russian languages. The classification of antonyms in the languages under consideration is given in different ways. It depends on the structural and semantic features, principles and criteria of the compared languages. This article considers some approaches to this problem and presents a scientific description of antonyms in the Kyrgy

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Kasstan, Jonathan R. "Modelling stylistic variation in threatened and under-documented languages." Language Ecology 4, no. 1 (2020): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.00010.kas.

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Abstract The centrality of style is uncontested in sociolinguistics: it is an essential construct in the study of linguistic variation and change in the speech community. This is not the case in the language-obsolescence literature, where stylistic variation among endangered-language speakers is described as an ephemeral, or “marginal” resource, and where speakers exhibiting “stylistic shrinkage” become “monostylistic”. This argument is invoked in variationist theory too, where “monostylism” is presented as support for the tenets of Audience Design (Bell 1984). This article reports on a study

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Dellunde, Pilar, and Amanda Vidal. "Truth-Preservation under Fuzzy pp-Formulas." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 27, Supp01 (2019): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488519400051.

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How can non-classical logic contribute to the analysis of complexity in computer science? In this paper, we give a step towards this question, taking a logical model-theoretic approach to the analysis of complexity in fuzzy constraint satisfaction. We study fuzzy positive-primitive sentences, and we present an algebraic characterization of classes axiomatized by this kind of sentences in terms of homomorphisms and direct products. The ultimate goal is to study the expressiveness and reasoning mechanisms of non-classical languages, with respect to constraint satisfaction problems and, in genera

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MCS. Shathifa and Asem Shehadeh Ali. "Similarities and differences between phonological phenomena in Arabic and Tamil languages: syllable-focused study." Al-Jawhar : Journal of Arabic Language 2, no. 1 (2024): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.69493/ajoal.v2i1.39.

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Phonological phenomena mean the rules and phonetic characteristics that help to build words and vocabulary, create and use speech, and differentiate between them according to context. Accordingly, in a language there are phonetic units that are studied at non-structual level and structual level. They have an impact on teaching the Arabic language to native speakers in general and to non-native speakers in particular. Errors in phonetic phenomena lead to linguistic errors. The research problem is defined by the question: “Is there a similarity in the syllable system of phonological phenomena be

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Safeat, Math, and Muhammad Hafiz Kurniawan. "How Close Are Western Cham Language and Bahasa Indonesia in their Structure? A Contrastive Study." Notion: Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture 1, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v1i1.711.

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Western Cham spoken in Cambodia is categorized as Malay-Polynesian under the West Malay Polynesian with the largest speakers compared to its sister, Eastern Cham spoken in Vietnam. The fallen kingdom of Champa in 1442 brought pervasive and massive change to this language both spoken and writing system. The language contact between these languages to the neighboring language makes these languages survive by adopting the phonotactics of neighboring languages. However, this change can be traced back to its family and this research aims to find and to describe the difference and similarity between

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Bibik, Elena A. "STRUCTURAL AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF ADJECTIVAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 16, no. 3 (2024): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2024-16-3-420.

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Background. Identifying the structural and grammatical features of the adjectival phraseological units both in Russian and English is significant in regard to exploring the peculiarities of the linguistic system and the national-cultural context of the languages under study, which makes it possible to further study the peculiarities concerning the use and functioning of phraseological units and paroemias. Purpose. To identify the structural and grammatical features of the adjectival phraseological units in the Russian and English languages. Materials and methods. The descriptive method was app

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Asgharzada, Mahmood. "Definition of Natural Languages Using Context-free Grammer: In Context of Dari Language." American International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v4i2.427.

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Formal definition of a natural language lets computers understand it; the languages have challenging complexity to come under representation of any formal language. Modeling assumptions, using formal languages, we can approximate the languages; and better approximation we do, more complexities of formal languages are resolved. Objective is to study current researches and possibilities to model Dari as a context-free language. Researchers have worked for more than 6 decades on definition of syntax of natural languages using context-free grammer. It is crucial that computer scientists to be able

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Păiș, Vasile, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Elena Irimia, Radu Ion, and Dan Tufiș. "Under-Represented Speech Dataset from Open Data: Case Study on the Romanian Language." Applied Sciences 14, no. 19 (2024): 9043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14199043.

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This paper introduces the USPDATRO dataset. This is a speech dataset, in the Romanian language, constructed from open data, focusing on under-represented voice types (children, young and old people, and female voices). The paper covers the methodology behind the dataset construction, specific details regarding the dataset, and evaluation of existing Romanian Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, with different architectures. Results indicate that more under-represented speech content is needed in the training of ASR systems. Our approach can be extended to other low-resourced languages,

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Ghosh, Mousumi. "Language Policy under NEP: 2020 – A Critical Analysis." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38482.

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Education is the backbone of a country. Education also plays vital role to upload national unity. Thus education policy always plays a congruent role in the spread of education in a country. Education policy acts as a basic requirement of a country. Any education policy sets on the analysis of the past. It deals with the need of the present days and also focuses on the possibilities of the future. Like the other countries, India also felt the need of a well- planned education policy to ensure all-round development of our society at large. The new education policy of India enlightens preservati

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Surijah, Edwin Adrianta, Ni Made Mitha Prasetyaningsih, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Popular Psychology versus Scientific Evidence: Love Languages’ Factor Structure and Connection to Marital Satisfaction." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 7, no. 2 (2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v7i2.6634.

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Love is an essential part of human experience and love languages have been studied to validate its factors’ structures to explain what makes people feel loved. The current study addresses the gap that love research shall not rely on student samples and it needs to measure the actual outcome of love languages. This study aims to gather empirical evidence for love languages’ factor structure and its relation to the outcome variable. The method for this study is a quantitative survey with 250 couples reported their love languages using a rating-scale and forced-choice scale. The data analysis exa

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Mabokela, Koena Ronny, Mpho Primus, and Turgay Celik. "Explainable Pre-Trained Language Models for Sentiment Analysis in Low-Resourced Languages." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 8, no. 11 (2024): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8110160.

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Sentiment analysis is a crucial tool for measuring public opinion and understanding human communication across digital social media platforms. However, due to linguistic complexities and limited data or computational resources, it is under-represented in many African languages. While state-of-the-art Afrocentric pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been developed for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, their applications in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines Afrocentric PLMs with XAI tech

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Herho, Sandy, Iwan Anwar, Katarina Herho, Candrasa Dharma, and Dasapta Irawan. "COMPARING SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS FOR SIMULATING 2D NON-BUOYANT FLUID PARCEL TRAJECTORY UNDER INERTIAL OSCILLATION: A PRELIMINARY EDUCATIONAL STUDY." Indonesian Physical Review 7, no. 3 (2024): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v7i3.335.

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This study presents a preliminary numerical investigation of the two-dimensional trajectory of a non-buoyant fluid parcel subjected to inertial oscillations and abrupt external forcing events. The simulations were implemented using Python, GNU Octave, R, Julia, and Fortran open-source scientific computing environments. By running 1,000 iterations in each environment, we evaluated the computational performance of these languages in tackling this idealized problem. The results, visualized through static plots and animation, validate the numerical model's ability to represent the fundamental phys

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Rahimova, Shodiya. "Some problems in the study of attributive compound words or "bahuvrihi" in Uzbek and English linguistics." Uzbekistan:language and culture 6, no. 2 (2023): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2023.2/nbor3137.

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This article analyzes the opinions, comments and conclusions expressed about the determining compound words or "bahuvrihis", which are one of the components of the Uzbek and English languages. In addition, emphasis is placed on the interpretation of (defining) compound words and their linguistic meaning in these languages, and they are explained based on examples found in oral speech and explanatory dictionaries. From Russian linguists: N.M. Shansky, V.R. Grigoryev, K.A. Levkovskaya, A.S. Ahmonova, A.I. Smirnitsky, V.I. In addition to Alatiliev, Uzbek linguists: B. Madaliyev, N. Mamatov, Sh. R

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Ciszek, Hanna, and Aleksandra Matulewska. "A Case Study of the Productivity of the Prefix Cyber- in English and Greek Legal Languages." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 58, no. 1 (2019): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2019-0016.

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Abstract The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of the Greek language on modern legal languages in the United Kingdom and United States of America. The focus is placed on terms with the prefix cyber- of Greek origin that have recently enriched the English legal languages in connection with the fact that certain new phenomena (legal institutions) have been regulated by laws as a result of the development of new technologies. Therefore, the authors have investigated the occurrence of terms with the prefix cyber- in legislation and other legal texts. Apart from the analysis of borrowin

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Shakir (MA), Inst Widad Sabir. "Middle Voice in English and Arabic." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 218, no. 1 (2018): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v218i1.528.

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This paper is about middle voice in English and Arabic. Middle voice does not exist in all languages of the world, but there are languages that express middle voice; a voice that can be described as active and as passive at the same time as it has the characteristics of both of them. The paper compares middle voice in English and Arabic focusing on the verbs that are used in this voice in both languages to show areas of similarity and difference in the kind of the verb used to express this voice in the two languages under study.

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Jirásek, Jozef, Matúš Palmovský, and Juraj Šebej. "Kuratowski Algebras Generated by Prefix-, Suffix-, Factor-, and Subword-Free Languages Under Star and Complementation." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 30, no. 06n07 (2019): 1091–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054119400306.

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We study Kuratowski algebras generated by prefix-, suffix-, factor-, and subword-free languages under the operations of star and complementation. We examine 12 possible algebras, and for each of them, we decide whether or not it can be generated by a prefix-, suffix-, factor-, or subword-free language. In each case when an algebra can be generated by such a language, we show that this language can be taken to be regular, and we compute upper bounds on the state complexities of all the generated languages. Finally, we find generators that maximize these complexities.

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