Journal articles: 'Langues – Mali'

1

Skattum, Ingse. "L’INTRODUCTION DES LANGUES NATIONALES DANS LE SYSTEME EDUCATIF AU MALI : OBJECTIFS ET CONSEQUENCES." Journal of Language Contact 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-90000013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Harrison, Annette. "Phenomenes de contact entre les langues Minyanka et Bambara (Sud du Mali) (review)." Language 79, no. 4 (2003): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0238.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Savaria, Jules. "« Apprendre pour mieux s’organiser ». Une expérience d’alphabétisation au Mali." Éducation populaire, culture et pouvoir, no. 2 (January 29, 2016): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034865ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Depuis 1975 se déroule dans la zone sud du Mali un projet d’alphabétisation caractérisé par une volonté d’insérer les apprentissages de base dans un plan de développement économique et social géré par des organisations villageoises populaires. L’auteur discute du bienfondé d’une alphabétisation dans les langues nationales; il insiste sur la nécessité de définir la fonctionnalité de l’alphabétisation par rapport aux chances objectives de l’utilisation de cet apprentissage qui sont directement liées à la proximité (ou non) des villages des zones de développement et de modernisation. Enfin l’auteur soutient qu’il est indispensable d’accorder une attention suffisante au rôle des organisations locales, relais des stratégies d’alphabétisation. Les trois dimensions : formation — animation — organisation sont inséparables. L’éducation n’est pas à elle seule moteur de changement. L’efficacité des programmes de formation dépend directement de leur lien aux transformations du système économique et social.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mbodj-Pouye, Aïssatou. "Tenir un cahier dans la région cotonnière du Mali: Support d'écriture et rapport à soi." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 64, no. 4 (August 2009): 853–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900022496.

Full text

Abstract:

RésuméCet article repose sur une ethnographie des pratiques de l’écrit menée dans un village de la zone cotonniàre du Mali. Dans cette région, l’alphabétisation, tres inégale, est diverse dans ses formes et dans les langues utilisées a l’écrit (bambara, français, arabe). L’article porte sur une pratique commune qui consiste a recueillir sur un cahier un ensemble de notations personnelles. Son propos est d’éclairer la signification anthropologique de cette pratique par l’examen attentif du support d’écriture. Le cahier est à la fois un objet à soi, le lieu d’une appropriation de modèles scripturaux, et un espace graphique dont les scripteurs se saisissent de manières diverses, d’une mise en ordre de différentes figures de soi a des formes moins organisées de recueil. Ces différentes dimensions en font un lieu d’expérimentation de nouveaux rapports à soi.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Traoré, Laure. "Langues et registres de légitimation du pouvoir politique au Mali : les discours présidentiels en contexte de (post-) crise." Autrepart 73, no. 1 (2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/autr.073.0105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Seydou, Christiane. "Le fulfulde, langue de nomades… (Mali)." Journal des Africanistes 85, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2015): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/africanistes.4509.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Giles, Amanda. "Navigating the Contradictions: An ESL Teacher's Professional Self-Development in Collaborative Activity." TESL Canada Journal 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v35i2.1292.

Full text

Abstract:

The study contributes to language teacher education research by emphasizing an English as a second language (ESL) teacher’s learning through critical activity, which includes my attempts to change my pedagogical practices to provide more equitable educational opportunities for ESL students in the mainstream contentclassroom. Framed by Engeström’s (2001) Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), the study’s purpose was to examine my own professional self-development as an ESL teacher in learning how to initiate and sustain collaboration with a seventh-grade social studies teacher at a suburban middle school in the southeastern United States. Data collection included self-study methods, specifically interviews, collaborative planning sessions, reflective journals, field notes, and e-mail exchanges with a critical friend. The findings showed how I learned to navigate the misuse of planning time and the misrepresentation of collaborative teaching notions as the two major contradictions in collaboration to plan for and teach ESL students. By resolving the contradictions, I negotiated a division of labour and enacted my agency to assume the position of a content social studies teacher, which ultimately sustained the collaborative activity. These findings attend to thecomplex factors that influence an ESL teacher’s professional self-development and agency in collaboration with a social studies teacher. L’étude contribue aux recherches sur la formation des enseignantes et enseignants de langues en rehaussant l’apprentissage d’une enseignante d’anglais langue seconde (ESL) grâce à l’ajout d’une activité critique tenant compte des tentatives que j’ai faites pour modifier mes pratiques pédagogiques afin de fournir des opportunités éducatives plus équitables aux élèves d’anglais langue seconde au niveau de l’enseignement général. Encadrée par la théorie historico-culturelle de l’activité (CHAT) (2001) d’Engeström, l’étude avait pour objet l’examen de mon propre développement professionnel comme enseignante d’anglais langue seconde alors que j’entreprenais et maintenais une collaboration avec un professeur d’études sociales qui enseignait à des élèves de septième année dans une école moyenne de banlieue du sud-est des États-Unis. Les données de l’étude consistaient en des méthodes d’auto-évaluation, plus précisément des entrevues, des séances de planification concertée, des journaux de bord, des notes de terrain, et des échanges de courriels avec un ami critique. Les conclusions montrent comment j’ai appris à contourner le mauvais usage du temps de préparation et la représentation erronée des notions d’enseignement collaboratif, c’est-à-dire les deux principales contradictions présentes dans une collaboration visant à planifier et dispenser l’enseignement aux élèves d’anglais langue seconde. En résolvant les contradictions, j’ai négocié une répartition des tâches et adapté mon agentivité de manière à assumer le poste d’enseignante d’études sociales, ce qui a ultimement soutenu l’activité de collaboration. Ces conclusions traitent des facteurs complexes qui influent sur l’auto-développement professionnel et l’agentivité d’une enseignante d’anglais langue seconde en collaboration avec un professeur d’études sociales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bolter, Debra R. "A Comparative Study of Growth Patterns in Crested Langurs and Vervet Monkeys." Anatomy Research International 2011 (February 21, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/948671.

Full text

Abstract:

The physical growth patterns of crested langurs and vervet monkeys are investigated for several unilinear dimensions. Long bone lengths, trunk height, foot length, epiphyseal fusion of the long bones and the pelvis, and cranial capacity are compared through six dental growth stages in male Trachypithecus cristatus (crested langurs) and Cercopithecus aethiops (vervet monkeys). Results show that the body elements of crested langurs mature differently than those of vervets. In some dimensions, langurs and vervets grow comparably, in others vervets attain adult values in advance of crested langurs, and in one feature the langurs are accelerated. Several factors may explain this difference, including phylogeny, diet, ecology, and locomotion. This study proposes that locomotor requirements affect differences in somatic growth between the species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Deb, Mitrajit, Pinaki Adhikary, Petr Sláma, Zdeněk Havlíček, Petr Řezáč, Parimal C. Bhattacharjee, and Shubhadeep Roychoudhury. "Aggressive Behavior of Phayre’s Leaf Monkeys Towards Domestic Dogs in Cachar District of Assam, India." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041105.

Full text

Abstract:

Phayre’s leaf-monkeys (Trachipithecus phayrei) or Phayre’s langurs are old world monkeys that inhabit South-East Asian tropical forests. The species is under a severe threat due to large scale habitat destruction and disturbances by people living near the habitat of langurs. The present study recorded the aggressive behavior of male langurs towards domestic dogs in the Cachar district of Assam. Response of each member in the troop was observed. The sophisticated behavior of males in safeguarding the weaker members was observed. In conclusion, the harassment by domestic dogs may result in the expulsion of Phayre’s langurs from their native habitat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Perlman, Rachel F., Carola Borries, and Andreas Koenig. "Dominance relationships in male Nepal gray langurs (Semnopithecus schistaceus)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 160, no. 2 (February 19, 2016): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22958.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tenaza, Richard R. "Intergroup calls of male pig-tailed langurs (Simias concolor)." Primates 30, no. 2 (April 1989): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381304.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ang, Andie, Sabrina Jabbar, and Max Khoo. "Dusky Langurs Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Singapore: potential origin and conflicts with native primate species." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 9 (June 26, 2020): 15967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5818.12.9.15967-15974.

Full text

Abstract:

The introduction of exotic species can have detrimental effects on local populations via factors such as resource competition and new threats from disease. Singapore has three native species of non-human primates: Sunda Slow Loris Nycticebus coucang, Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis, and Raffles’ Banded Langur Presbytis femoralis. Over the past few months, several non-native Dusky Langurs Trachypithecus obscurus were observed in Singapore. We document our observations, compile reports from social media, and attempt to assess the potential impacts on local primates. Whenever Dusky Langurs were encountered, we recorded the date, time, GPS coordinates, group demographics, and behaviour, including interactions with native primates. We also monitored sighting reports of Dusky Langurs posted on local major Facebook groups from 30 December 2019 to 31 January 2020, and privately messaged the person(s) for more information. On 31 August 2019, three Dusky Langurs were seen near a residential area in the northern part of Singapore, and two to three individuals were reported on 14 subsequent occasions. During one encounter on 18 January 2020, an adult male Long-tailed Macaque chased a group of Dusky Langurs from a feeding tree. The next day the same group of Dusky Langurs chased a group of 11 Banded Langurs from another feeding tree. The Dusky Langurs appeared to be healthy and wild, indicating that they may have swum across the Johor Strait and/or traveled on the Johor-Singapore Causeway from Malaysia. Further monitoring of these Dusky Langurs will be required to assess their impact on local primates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Novaković, Aleksandra, Maja Karaman, Ivan Milovanović, Aleksandra Torbica, Jelena Tomić, Boris Pejin, and Marijana Sakač. "Nutritional and phenolic profile of small edible fungal species Coprinellus disseminatus (pers.) J.E. Lange 1938." Food and Feed Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ffr1802119n.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Nag, Chetan. "A new report on mixed species association between Nilgiri Langurs Semnopithecus johnii and Tufted Grey Langurs S. priam (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 9 (June 26, 2020): 15975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5615.12.9.15975-15984.

Full text

Abstract:

Phylogenetic conservatism or rapid anthropogenic habitat modifications could increase the incidences of interspecific associations of Hanuman and Nilgiri langurs (Family: Cercopithecidae, subfamily: Colobinae) in the southern Western Ghats. Opportunistic surveys were conducted at the Silent Valley National Park, Kerala and around Devimalai Ghats, Tamil Nadu for Tufted Grey-Nilgiri Langur association. Based on the observations from Researchers, field assistants, forest staff, and local people, the data in terms of the time of the sighting, number of individuals, phenotypes of individuals, and the time the interaction lasted, were recorded. The study reports data on a troop of Nilgiri Langurs (N=13) around O Valley tea estate at Devimalai Ghat, Gudalur, Tamil Nadu with some hybrid looking individuals and a Tufted female Grey Langur amongst them. A total of six and two uni-male troops of Nilgiri Langurs and grey langurs respectively with Tufted female Grey Langurs, and aberrant coat colored infants observed at the Neelikkal section of Silent Valley National Park are also reported. The study reasonably speculates that there could be more such locations in the southern western ghats and emphasizes the need for more systematic surveys to understand and explore the ecology, behavior, molecular, and other likely factors contributing to the conservation of vulnerable Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Assink, Peter, Serge Wich, and Romy Steenbeek. "TENURE RELATED CHANGES IN WILD THOMAS'S LANGURS II: LOUD CALLS." Behaviour 136, no. 5 (1999): 627–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999501496.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how the number and context of male loud calls of Thomas's langurs (Presbytis thomasi) change over a male's tenure, in relation to changes in the intensity of male mate competition and relative male strength. We also investigate how the calls' impact on the behavior of receivers varies over tenure phases. Thomas's langurs live in one-male multi-female groups; only males produce loud calls; both males and females disperse from their natal groups; female secondary dispersal is also common, and infanticide occurs. The life-span of a group is, as a rule, restricted to the tenure of its reproductive male (median tenure length is 72 months). Male tenure in bisexual groups was divided into three phases: the early phase (no infants yet), the stable middle phase, and the late phase (last year). Because AMBs remained after all females had left a male, they were treated as a fourth phase. We hypothesised that the tendency to answer another male's calls decreases with distance because a male will invest less when answering becomes less relevant. The tendency to respond to a loud call by an extra-group male indeed decreased with distance, which suggests that males invested less in (costly) calling behavior when the chance of an interaction with that male was low. Extra-group males seemed to recognise males of new groups: they did not discriminate between medium and far distances in answering calls from (relatively unfamiliar) early tenure males. We further hypothesised that an increase in male mate competition would result in more call bouts per day and a higher tendency to answer calls, which was not found. Males with a relatively low strength were expected to keep signalling their presence, but because this low strength includes a higher risk for females and infants, we expected females to avoid loud calling extra-group males. Males with a declining strength continued to signal their presence, as was expected, but they did reduce participation in dawn call bouts, which might be a particularly sensitive measure of their decreased strength. Extra-group males answered calls by males during their late tenure phase more often at medium and far distances, which shows that males recognised calls from late tenure males. Females' avoidance of calling extra-group males remained constant during the early and middle phase but increased during the late tenure phase, as was expected. AMB males clearly avoided males from bisexual groups: they never participated in dawn call bouts, they rarely started or answered calls and they travelled away from calling males. AMB males only answered a call bout in the case of a betweengroup conflict, when their position was already known. Hence, in Thomas's langurs, loud call behavior influenced male mate competition, and it varied in relation to changes in relative male strength.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Steenbeek, Romy. "TENURE RELATED CHANGES IN WILD THOMAS'S LANGURS I: BETWEEN-GROUP INTERACTIONS." Behaviour 136, no. 5 (1999): 595–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999501487.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBetween-group conflicts are believed to serve two major functions: mate defence and resource defence. In addition, in species where females can disperse, both female choice and male coercion may play a role in between-group interactions. In this paper, I evaluate the resource vs mate defence hypotheses and investigate male and female strategies in between-group interactions in wild Thomas's langurs (Presbytis thomasi). This species lends itself well to study the intertwining of male and female strategies. Thomas's langurs live in one-male multifemale groups; both males and females disperse from their natal groups; female secondary dispersal is also common, and infanticide occurs. The life-span of a group is, as a rule, restricted to the tenure of its reproductive male (median tenure length is 72 months). Male tenure in bisexual groups was divided into three phases: the early phase (no infants yet), the stable middle phase, and the late phase (last year). Because AMBs remained after all females had left a male, they were treated as a fourth phase. I analysed interactions of group members with individuals outside the group using data from a four year field study (1093 observation days) of 15 bisexual and eight all-male groups of Thomas's langurs at Ketambe, Indonesia. Two types of interactions could be distinguished: (1) group encounters: whole groups meet each other, and (2) male provocations: a male silently approaches a group and suddenly attacks the individuals. This study involves 329 group encounters and 265 male provocations. The results support the mate defence hypothesis, but are ambiguous about the role of resource competition: Group encounters during the middle and late tenure phase took place more often in the context 'food patch', than was expected, and they mostly took place in fruit patches, which were a preferred food item. However, the proportion of group encounters that involved aggression did not depend on feeding context or tenure, and fruit availability did not influence group encounter rates. Male aggression during between-group conflicts reflected mate defence, rather than resource defence, although females had the possibility of obtaining resource defence through a male's mate defence. This study suggests that females use the outcome of group encounters and male provocations to assess the relative strength of males, and thus 'chose' a male who is able to defend future offspring. It also suggests that males can use coercion (infanticide and aggression against females) to show the relative weakness of a female's current male and encourage her to transfer: Aggressive behaviour during group encounters was primarily between males. Females only reacted aggressively to extra-group males when their infant was under attack. Male infanticide only occurred during provocations by males from neighbouring groups or AMBs. The intensity of male competition for mates, as measured by male-male aggression and extra-group male interest in a groups' females, was higher during the early and late phases, than during the middle phase of the tenure. It was also higher during the AMB than during the late phase of male tenure. The relative strength of males, as measured by a male's provoking behaviour and his ability to protect his females from aggression by extra-group males, was lower during the late than during the middle tenure phase. Male strength seemed lowest during the subsequent AMB phase. Females avoided extra-group males least during the early tenure phase, before infants were born.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Feder, Jacob A., Amy Lu, Andreas Koenig, and Carola Borries. "The costs of competition: injury patterns in 2 Asian colobine monkeys." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz070.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Aggression rarely escalates to physical conflict because doing so puts individuals at risk of injury. Escalation only pays off when the potential benefits outweigh the potential costs, that is, when resources critical to fitness are at stake. Here, we investigated the occurrence of injury in 2 Asian colobine species: Nepal gray langurs (Semnopithecus schistaceus) and Phayre’s leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus). In both species, younger individuals are higher-ranking and might have greater incentive to fight. However, Nepal gray langurs have a strict breeding season, which may magnify male mating competition, and Phayre’s leaf monkeys, unlike Nepal gray langurs, have female-biased dispersal, which may increase female injury risk during subadulthood. Using long-term data on observed injuries (Nepal gray langurs: n = 208; Phayre’s leaf monkeys: n = 225), we modeled the monthly occurrence of injury (Y/N) and found that males received more injuries than females in both species. Also, subadults generally experienced frequent injury, as young individuals likely face challenges when competing for group membership and/or establishing rank. In Nepal gray langurs, males received 3 times more injuries during the mating season, suggesting strong competition for mates during this period, and females experienced more injuries before conception, suggesting competition to meet the nutritional requirements for reproduction. Unexpectedly, females in smaller groups received more injuries in Nepal gray langurs. Overall, these results indicate that injuries are most likely when fighting may aid in establishing group membership, achieving high rank, and reproducing. Future research should investigate the influence of injuries on fitness outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rymer, Jone. "Langley Communications: Socializing and Snooping on E-mail." Business Communication Quarterly 61, no. 1 (March 1998): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999806100116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hohmann, G. "Loud Calls of Male Purple-Faced Langurs (Presbytis senex)." Folia Primatologica 55, no. 3-4 (1990): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156518.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sommer, Volker, and Lai Singh Rajpurohit. "Male reproductive success in harem troops of hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)." International Journal of Primatology 10, no. 4 (August 1989): 293–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02737419.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ross, Caroline. "Predator mobbing by an all-male band of hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)." Primates 34, no. 1 (January 1993): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381287.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Sommer, V. "Male competition and coalitions in langurs (Presbytis entellus) at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India." Human Evolution 3, no. 4 (August 1988): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02435857.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Agoramoorthy, G., S. M. Mohnot, V. Sommer, and A. Srivastava. "Abortions in free ranging Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) — a male induced strategy?" Human Evolution 3, no. 4 (August 1988): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02435859.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

YIN, Lijie, Tong JIN, Kunio WATANABE, Dagong QIN, Dezhi WANG, and Wenshi PAN. "Male attacks on infants and infant death during male takeovers in wild white-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus)." Integrative Zoology 8, no. 4 (December 2013): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

van Hooff, Jan A. R. A. M., Erik P. Willems, Serge A. Wich, and Elizabeth H. M. Sterck. "Female dispersal, inbreeding avoidance and mate choice in Thomas langurs (Presbytis thomasi)." Behaviour 142, no. 7 (2005): 845–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539055010093.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractFemale social dispersal in primates differs from the general mammalian pattern of locational dispersal. Both nulliparous and parous females may disperse to another group. Several hypotheses can explain female social dispersal: reduction of predation risk, inbreeding avoidance, and offspring protection through mate choice. We tested these hypotheses with an extended data set of Thomas langurs (Presbytis thomasi) and investigated parameters of male behaviour that females may use in their dispersal decisions. Data were collected over a 12.5-year period from a wild population in Sumatra, Indonesia, allowing for some critical tests of the hypotheses. Females dispersed to a group smaller than their original one, thereby refuting the predation risk hypothesis. Maturing nulliparous females only dispersed when their father was resident. Therefore, dispersal by nulliparous females was best explained through inbreeding avoidance. Parous females transferred to young, adult males. These males provided better protection to offspring against predation and infanticide than the old, late tenure males. Therefore, females transfer to better protector males. The male behavioural cues that females use to assess male quality were unclear. Females, however, may use proxies of male age, such as group composition and acoustical characteristics of loud calls, as indicators of male quality. The results suggest that female mate choice is an important function of social dispersal by parous females. Its importance in locational dispersal remains to be investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wich, Serge A., and Han de Vries. "Male monkeys remember which group members have given alarm calls." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1587 (December 6, 2005): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3320.

Full text

Abstract:

Primates give alarm calls in response to the presence of predators. In some species, such as the Thomas langur ( Presbytis thomasi ), males only emit alarm calls if there is an audience. An unanswered question is whether the audience's behaviour influences how long the male will continue his alarm calling. We tested three hypotheses that might explain the alarm calling duration of male Thomas langurs: the fatigue , group size and group member behaviour hypotheses. Fatigue and group size did not influence male alarm calling duration. We found that males only ceased calling shortly after all individuals in his group had given at least one alarm call. This shows that males keep track of and thus remember which group members have called.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Rajpurohit, L. S., and S. M. Mohnot. "Fate of ousted male residents of one-male bisexual troops of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India." Human Evolution 3, no. 4 (August 1988): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02435860.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Launhardt, Kristin, Carola Borries, Cornelia Hardt, Jörg T. Epplen, and Paul Winkler. "Paternity analysis of alternative male reproductive routes among the langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) of Ramnagar." Animal Behaviour 61, no. 1 (January 2001): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1590.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

GUPTA, Ch L., and V. P. DIXIT. "Effects of Danazol on the Epididymal Function in Male Langurs (Presbytis Entellus Entellus Dufresne)." Andrologia 13, no. 4 (April 24, 2009): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1981.tb00053.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Hohmann, G., and L. Vogl. "Loud calls of male Nilgiri langurs (Presbytis johnii): Age-, individual-, and population-specific differences." International Journal of Primatology 12, no. 5 (October 1991): 503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02547636.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mohnot, S. M., Lal Singh Rajpurohit, and Volker Sommer. "Wanderers Between Harems and Bachelor Bands: Male Hanuman Langurs (Presbytis Entellus) At Jodhpur in Rajasthan." Behaviour 132, no. 3-4 (1995): 255–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00739.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract1. Life-histories of individually identified males of an Asian colobine monkey, the Hanuman langur, were followed in order to understand mechanisms and functions of social processes associated with the formation of male bands, especially the degree of cooperation and competition among males. 2. The monkeys belonged to a geographically isolated population which is subject of a field-study in Rajasthan, India, spanning more than 15 years. The population consists of 27-29 one-male / multi-female troops ('harems'; average 39 members, home ranges up to 1.3 km2) and 12-14 all-male bands (average 12 members, moving ranges up to 20 km2). Females are highly philopatric, whereas males transfer from bisexual troops into male bands. Harem holder residencies average 27 months (range 3 days to more than 74 months). No male achieved residency in more than one troop, suggesting that residency is associated with a distinct peak in a given male's resource holding potential. The proportion of infants sired by extra-troop males is minimal. The dispersal pattern of langur males seem to reflect a long-lasting effort to achieve reproduction. This goal is tied to the necessity to rise through the ranks of a male band to the top of its dominance hierarchy, because only the highest ranking males can replace current harem holders during male band invasions into the home range of bisexual troops. 3. The age-class composition of seven male bands with a mean membership of 3-25 individuals was studied in detail. The longitudinal fluctuation in membership was less pronounced than the differences between bands. This reflects ecological conditions in the moving range of a given band which determine a ceiling in the number of members. The bands contained 27% juveniles, 23% subadults, 13% young adults, 30% prime adults and 9% old males. At any given time, in each band lived at least one individual who was of at least young adult age. Immatures often followed elder males during daily travels, but not

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Steenbeek,, Romy, and Peter Assink. "Individual Differences in Long-Distance Calls of Male Wild Thomas Langurs (Presbytis thomasi)." Folia Primatologica 69, no. 2 (1998): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021566.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Winkler, P. "Troop history, female reproductive strategies and timing of male change in Hanuman langurs,Presbytis entellus." Human Evolution 3, no. 4 (August 1988): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02435855.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Wich, S. A., D. J. van der Post, M. Heistermann, U. Möhle, J. A. R. A. M. van Hooff, and E. H. M. Sterck. "Life-Phase Related Changes in Male Loud Call Characteristics and Testosterone Levels in Wild Thomas Langurs." International Journal of Primatology 24, no. 6 (December 2003): 1251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ijop.0000005991.97232.2a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Mosawi, Aamir. "Cornelia De Lange Syndrome in Iraq." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, no. 02 (February 24, 2020): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/010.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare syndrome of highly variable phenotype making a spectrum ranging from classic syndrome with many cardinal features to mild condition few cardinal features. Typically patients with classic syndrome had growth and mental retardation and distinctive facial dysmorphism including thick (bushy) and / or long eyebrows commonly with synophrys, short nose with depressed or concave nasal bridge and/or upturned nasal tip , long or smooth or indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip vermilion and/or downturned corners of mouth, and low set ears. The diagnosis of the syndrome is clinical. Ocular abnormalities that can be associated with Cornelia de Lang syndrome squint, nystagmus, refractive errors, and ptosis. Materials and methods: The occurrence of Cornelia de Lange syndrome has not been reported or well-documented. The first four Iraqi patients (Three boys and one girl) with Cornelia de Lange syndrome are described. The relevant literatures were reviewed with aim of determining the early documentation of the syndrome in the medical literatures. Results: All the patients were sporadic cases and had growth retardation, severe mental retardation with significant developmental delay, thick eye brows with some degree of synophrys, short nose with depressed or concave nasal bridge, and low set ears. All the patients had normal karyotype. One male patient had all of the classical features including long smooth and indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip vermilion, and downturned corners of mouth. The second male patient had a concave nasal bridge that becomes more obvious during crying, nystagmus and bilateral convergent squint. The third boy had milder dysmorphic features. The fourth patient was a girl who was the second of a twin. She had severe growth retardation and was hypotonic with poor head control. She also had bilateral convergent squint, refractive error, and reduction in visual acuity. Conclusion: The first four Iraqi patients with Cornelia de Lang syndrome are reported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Zhao, Liang. "Masculinity or Femininity: Questioning Social Gender of Personal Nouns." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i4.3121.

Full text

Abstract:

Since essentialism and binarism of gender is challenged in gender studies, poststructuralists argue for a more deconstructive perspective of gender. Through a survey on social gender of thirty lexically female and male Chinese personal nouns, this research tends to examine: 1) how lexically female and male personal nouns are socially gendered in language use, 2) how such social gendering affects sex stereotyping. Combining a langue-oriented and structuralist framework with a parole-oriented and poststructuralist perspective, the author shows that diversified language use encourages coining of new lexical forms. Along with this process transitions and shifts happen to traditional sex stereotypes. This research encourages more similar research with combined structuralist and poststructuralist approaches on the interrelationship between gender and language. (Personal nouns, social gender, sex stereotypes, gender representation)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy. "Adult male replacement and social change in two troops of hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) at Jodhpur, India." International Journal of Primatology 15, no. 2 (April 1994): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02735275.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Cui, Liang-Wei, Ying-Chun Li, Chi Ma, Matthew B. Scott, Jin-Fa Li, Xiao-Yang He, Dong-Hui Li, Jun Sun, Wen-Mo Sun, and Wen Xiao. "Distribution and conservation status of Shortridge's capped langurs Trachypithecus shortridgei in China." Oryx 50, no. 4 (May 29, 2015): 732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000319.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe conducted community interviews and field surveys to determine the distribution and population of the Endangered Shortridge's capped langur Trachypithecus shortridgei, and the threats to the species, in the Dulong and Nu River valleys of north-western Yunnan Province, China. We found that c. 19 groups of T. shortridgei reside in the Dulong valley, mostly located in the southern portion of the valley. According to interview and observational records in the Gaoligong Mountains to the west of the Nu River, 12 individuals and no groups were observed. Family groups consist of one adult male, 2–3 adult females and up to five young. We estimate the population of T. shortridgei in China to be c. 250–370 individuals. Threats to the species include habitat loss and poaching. We suggest several measures to conserve T. shortridgei, such as a review of the Gaoligong National Nature Reserve management strategy, and increasing engagement, education, inclusion of local people in forest management, and the consistency of enforcement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Wich, Serge, and Elisabeth Sterck. "Familiarity and threat of opponents determine variation in Thomas langur (Presbytis thomasi) male behaviour during between-group encounters." Behaviour 144, no. 12 (2007): 1583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907782512065.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDuring between-group encounters in primates, males often defend mates, food or infants against other males. Males, however, show variation in contests between opponents. In other taxa, such variation has been attributed to variation in familiarity with or threat of opponents. Here we present the results of analyses of between-group encounter intensity variation in Thomas langurs while controlling for threat when evaluating familiarity and vice versa. Encounter intensity was measured by the proportion of encounters with chases and the number of loud calls per minute during the encounter given by the focal male. The results indicate that both familiarity and threat influence encounter intensity. Less familiar opponents had more intense encounters and opponents that differed in the threat level to each other also had more intense encounters. Thus, Thomas langur males seem to incorporate information on both the level of threat and familiarity of other males to make a decision on how to react during a between-group encounter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

DE MAREÜIL, PHILIPPE BOULA, and BÉATRICE AKISSI BOUTIN. "Évaluation et identification perceptives d'accents ouest-africains en français." Journal of French Language Studies 21, no. 3 (February 17, 2011): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269510000621.

Full text

Abstract:

RÉSUMÉCette étude examine avec quel degré de granularité divers accents ouest-africains en français peuvent être distingués. Elle vise avant tout à déterminer si, en perception, des auditeurs de l'Afrique de l'Ouest sont capables d'identifier l'appartenance ethnolinguistique, le pays de résidence et le niveau d'études de locuteurs akan, bambara, sénoufo, mossi (de langue mooré) et wolof, enregistrés en Côte d'Ivoire, au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Sénégal. Une expérience perceptive a été menée, d'où il ressort que les dimensions étudiées sont bien identifiées par les sujets. Pour les jeunes locuteurs comme pour les locuteurs plus âgés, en lecture comme en parole spontanée, les résultats sont très robustes. Ils sont de plus assez fidèles à la conscience linguistique auto-évaluée par les auditeurs: quand ceux-ci se déclaraient confiants pour reconnaître les accents en présence, tel a effectivement été le cas. Quelques indices acoustiques différenciant notamment les accents wolof (Sénégal) et akan (Côte d'Ivoire) ont finalement été dégagés.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Eschmann, C., R. Moore, and K. A. I. Nekaris. "Calling patterns of Western purple-faced langurs (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidea: Trachypithecus vetulus nestor) in a degraded human landscape in Sri Lanka." Contributions to Zoology 77, no. 2 (2008): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07702001.

Full text

Abstract:

The study of calling patterns is a useful non-invasive method for determining population densities and the taxonomic relationships of rare or cryptic animal species. The Western purple-faced langur Trachypithecus vetulus nestor, endemic to Sri Lanka’s lowland rainforests, is severely impacted by forest fragmentation, with most remaining populations living almost completely in home gardens. Due to their shy nature, little is known about the behaviour of this subspecies; analysing the regular loud calls emitted by these langurs could allow for improvement of census techniques, clarification of their taxonomy, and an understanding of the impact of forest destruction on their behaviour. In 2007, we recorded the calling patterns of five male T. v. nestor at Talangama Wetlands. Time, duration, weather conditions, and stimulant of 253 calls were noted. Loud calls comprised three structural units: harsh barks, whoops and residuals. The average call contained 4 phrases and 3.8 residuals, was 38 seconds in length, had an average maximum frequency of 3.5 kHz, a formant frequency of 0.36 kHz, and a fundamental frequency of 0.2 kHz. Significant differences were found between individuals for the number of phrases and residuals within a call, two different phrase lengths, the formant frequency and the fundamental frequency. The earliest call occurred at 05:27 hrs, while the latest was made at 17:57 hrs. The greatest percentage of calls (73.5%) was heard in the morning (05:00-09:59 hrs), mostly stimulated by territorial battles with neighbouring troops. These results show that vocalisations can be used to distinguish individual males; as langurs are more often heard than seen, and most troops contain only a single adult male, vocalisations may be used to determine the number of troops in an area. Calls of this taxon also differed from the other subspecies, suggesting that they may be used to distinguish subspecies and their boundaries. Finally, calling behaviour differed from other subspecies. Deforestation may be a direct cause of different calling patterns. These baseline data form a valuable starting point for further studies of this Critically Endangered primate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Liu, Zhijin, Liye Zhang, Zhongze Yan, Zhijie Ren, Fengming Han, Xinxin Tan, Zhiyuan Xiang, et al. "Genomic Mechanisms of Physiological and Morphological Adaptations of Limestone Langurs to Karst Habitats." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 952–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz301.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Knowledge of the physiological and morphological evolution and adaptation of nonhuman primates is critical to understand hominin origins, physiological ecology, morphological evolution, and applications in biomedicine. Particularly, limestone langurs represent a direct example of adaptations to the challenges of exploiting a high calcium and harsh environment. Here, we report a de novo genome assembly (Tfra_2.0) of a male François’s langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) with contig N50 of 16.3 Mb and resequencing data of 23 individuals representing five limestone and four forest langur species. Comparative genomics reveals evidence for functional evolution in genes and gene families related to calcium signaling in the limestone langur genome, probably as an adaptation to naturally occurring high calcium levels present in water and plant resources in karst habitats. The genomic and functional analyses suggest that a single point mutation (Lys1905Arg) in the α1c subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2 (CACNA1C) attenuates the inward calcium current into the cells in vitro. Population genomic analyses and RNA-sequencing indicate that EDNRB is less expressed in white tail hair follicles of the white-headed langur (T. leucocephalus) compared with the black-colored François’s langur and hence might be responsible for species-specific differences in body coloration. Our findings contribute to a new understanding of gene–environment interactions and physiomorphological adaptative mechanisms in ecologically specialized primate taxa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Szöcs, Gábor, Deborah Henderson, and Jeremy N. McNeil. "OLD WORLD PHEROMONE STRAIN IN THE NEW WORLD: SEX ATTRACT ANT COMPOSITION FOR THE CURRANT BORER, SYNANTHEDON TIPULIFORMIS CL. (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE), IN CANADA." Canadian Entomologist 130, no. 2 (April 1998): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent130231-2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe field attractivity of (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E,Z-2,13-18:OAc) (30 μg loaded on red rubber tubing) alone or in combination with (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E,Z-3,13-18:OAc) (0.9 μg added) towards the male currant borer, Synanthedon tipuliformis Cl., (Lepidoptora: Sesiidae), was compared in British Columbia (B.C.) and in Quebec (Canada) by means of trapping trial. The binary mixture attracted males in significantly higher numbers into sticky traps than E,Z-13-18:OAc alone [17.0 male captures/trap/inspection versus 1.7 in Langley (B.C.), 32.7 versus 11.9 in De Roche (B.C.), and 5.3 versus 0.2 in Ile d’Orleans (Que.), respectively]. These results suggest that the Canadian currant borer populations belong to the same strain as those in Europe and New Zealand, with E,Z-3,13-18:OAc remaining an important attractant-synergistic component.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rajpurohit, L. S., A. K. Chhangani, R. S. Rajpurohit, and S. M. Mohnot. "Observation of a Sudden Resident-Male Replacement in a Unimale Bisexual Troop of Hanuman Langurs, Semnopithecus entellus, around Jodhpur (India)." Folia Primatologica 74, no. 2 (2003): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000070002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wich, S. A., and E. H. M. Sterck. "Possible audience effect in thomas langurs (primates;presbytis thomasi): An experimental study on male loud calls in response to a tiger model." American Journal of Primatology 60, no. 4 (August 2003): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.10102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ogunleye, Foluke. "A Male-Centric Modification of History; Efunsetan Aniwura Revisited." History in Africa 31 (2004): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003508.

Full text

Abstract:

Historical drama can be described as a form of drama which purports to reflect or represent historical proceedings. Since time immemorial writers have combined fiction and history in creative works. Lawrence Langner has ascribed the popularity of historical drama to the desire of the theatergoer to spend an evening in the company of kings, queens, and other historical personages; the opportunity to become familiar with far greater events than those which take place in the lives of ordinary people; and that historical plays recreate great deeds done by great personages in the past. Historical facts are then creatively adapted and made available in play form to the audience. Adaptation has been defined as “the rewriting of a work from its original form to fit it for another medium … The term implies an attempt to retain the characters, actions, and as much as possible of the language and tone of the original…” The history play is also defined as “any drama whose time setting is in some period earlier than that in which it was written. We can also go further to describe the history play as one “that reconstructs a personage, a series of events, a movement, or the spirit of a past age and pays the debt of serious scholarship to the facts of the age being recreated.Judging from the foregoing, Akinwunmi Isola's play, Efunsetan Aniwura falls into the category of historical drama, treating as it does the story of the eponymous heroine who was the second Iyalode (queen of women) of Ibadan and who died on 30 June 1874. Prominent themes in Yoruba historical plays include war, conflict, and class struggle. Olu Obafemi has declared that the dramatization of the history, myth, and legends of the Yoruba community forms the bulk of the themes of Yoruba drama. These factors are vividly portrayed in Akinwunmi Isola's plays. Akinwunmi Isola is one of the most prolific playwrights who use their mother tongue to write plays in Nigeria. He is a Professor of Yoruba language and he uses the Yoruba language in writing his plays despite the fact that he is proficient in English and French languages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Williams, I. V., and J. R. Brett. "Critical Swimming Speed of Fraser and Thompson River Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-043.

Full text

Abstract:

Critical swimming speeds were determined for male and female pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) captured from the Fraser and Thompson rivers and Seton Creek, British Columbia. The fish were categorized into two basic groups. Lower river fish were captured from the Fraser River at Fort Langley and Yale, and up-river fish were captured from the Thompson River at the Canyon and at Ashcroft and from Seton Creek near Lillooet, British Columbia. The critical swimming speeds of males and females in various stages of maturation were compared. In general, the up-river fish were stronger swimmers than the lower river fish. Gravid fish were stronger swimmers than spawning fish, which in turn were stronger swimmers than fish which were spawned out. Standardized critical swimming speeds ranged from a mean of 1.73 ± 0.35 (SE) body lengths/s for spawned females up to 3.39 ± 0.48 lengths/s for up-river gravid males.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Leopold, Lisa. "Request Strategies in Professional E-mail Correspondence: Insights from the United States Workplace." TESL Canada Journal 32, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v32i2.1205.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite growing interest in the rhetorical features of e-mail correspondence, this is the first study to examine the request strategies in e-mails written by native English-speaking professionals from a variety of industries in the United States. This study uses Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper’s (1989) speech act framework to analyze the request strategies from 450 request head acts. Though often mitigated with lexico-syntactic devices, direct requests occurred at about two and one half times the rate of indirect requests, and there was some variation in request strat- egy according to request category, gender, status, and social distance. Although the imperative was used most frequently across all gender, status, and social dis- tance groups, senders did not choose it—the most direct strategy—as often with recipients to whom they wrote direct requests most frequently. This shows that senders may prefer particular direct or indirect strategies over others with certain recipients. Moreover, senders often used more mitigators with recipients to whom they more frequently wrote direct requests, thus suggesting that the politeness of a request cannot be judged solely by the request strategy chosen. As the first cor- pus-based study that examines authentic request e-mails in the North American workplace, this study offers important pedagogical implications for professional e-mail composition. Malgré un intérêt croissant pour les fonctions rhétoriques de la correspondance par courrier électronique, cette étude est la première à porter sur les stratégies visant les demandes dans les courriels rédigés par des professionnels d’anglais langue maternelle provenant de diverses industries aux États-Unis. Cette étude s’appuie sur le cadre portant sur les actes de langage de Blum-Kulka, House et Kasper (1989) pour analyser les stratégies qui sous-tendent 450 demandes. Bien que souvent mitigées par des mécanismes lexico-syntaxiques, les demandes di- rectes se sont produites 2 fois et demie plus souvent que les demandes indirectes. Les stratégies variaient en fonction de la catégorie de demande, le genre, le statut et la distance sociale. Alors que l’impératif était employé le plus souvent par l’ensemble des groupes (genre, statut, distance), les expéditeurs ne se sont pas servis de cette stratégie - la plus directe - aussi souvent avec les destinataires à qui ils écrivaient des demandes directes le plus souvent. Ce résultat indique que les expéditeurs pourraient préférer certaines stratégies directes ou indirectes avec certains destinataires. De plus, les expéditeurs employaient souvent plus d’éléments atténuateurs avec les destinataires à qui ils envoyaient plus souvent des demandes directes, indiquant que le niveau de politesse d’une demande ne s’évalue pas uniquement selon le choix de stratégie de demande. En tant que première étude reposant sur un corpus qui porte sur des messages électroniques authentiques visant des demandes dans les milieux de travail en Amérique du Nord, ce travail offre des implications pédagogiques importantes pour la rédaction de messages électroniques professionnels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Tajeddin, Zia, and Yasaman Aghababazadeh. "Blog-Mediated Reflection for Professional Development: Exploring Themes and Criticality of L2 Teachers' Reflective Practice." TESL Canada Journal 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v35i2.1289.

Full text

Abstract:

Reflection is a key component of teacher quality assessment and a venue for professional development. Among many tools for teacher reflection, keeping blogs as a user-friendly, technology-enhanced tool has recently come to the forefront in teacher education. To contribute to the body of literature on the potentiality ofblogs for teacher professional development, this study sought to investigate the use of blogs by Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers to provide aperspective on the themes in their reflection-on-action and the degree of criticality of their reflection. To this end, 32 male and female in-service EFL teachers, teaching at different language institutes, voluntarily agreed to post their classroom experiences to a blog over a 3-month period. Content analysis of the reflection tags resulted in the identification of three main reflective categories, each including a number of themes: (a) teacher-oriented category (e.g., teachers’ sharing emotions, classroom management, teaching methods and techniques, use of first language [L1], and instructional ethics); (b) learner-oriented category (e.g., learners’ classroom participation, language skills, motivation, and emotions); and (c) contextoriented category (e.g., assessment system, textbooks, classroom facilities, and teachers’ working conditions). Moreover, the levels of reflection embedded into the tags were explored using a modified version of a reflection model proposed by Lee (2005). The findings revealed that teachers were more critical (71%) than descriptive (29%) in their reflections. These findings have implications for teachers’ reflection and their professional development. La réflexion est à la fois un élément essentiel de l’évaluation de la qualité chez les enseignantes et enseignants et un domaine de perfectionnement professionnel. La tenue d’un blogue, activité conviviale facilitée par la technologie, s’est récemment imposée comme un nouvel outil de réflexion de premier ordre dans le domaine de la formation des enseignantes et enseignants. Visant à ajouter à la littérature existante sur le potentiel des blogues pour le perfectionnement professionnel du corps enseignant, la présente étude se proposait d’examiner le recours au blogue de professeurs iraniens d’anglais langue étrangère (EFL) afin de fournir un éclairage sur les thèmes de leur réflexion sur l’action et sur le degré de criticité de leur réflexion. Dans ce but, 32 professeurs et professeures d’anglais langue étrangère en cours d’emploi dans divers instituts linguistiques ont volontairement consenti à affi cher sur un blogue leurs expériences en classe pendant une période de 3 mois. L’analyse du contenu des balises de réflexion a permis d’identifier trois principals catégories de réflexion dont chacune portait sur un certain nombre de thèmes: (a) catégorie relative aux enseignants (par ex., partage d’émotions par l’enseignante ou l’enseignant, gestion de la classe, méthodes et techniques d’enseignement, utilisation de la première langue L1] et éthique pédagogique); (b) catégorie relative aux apprenants (par ex., participation des apprenants en classe, compétences linguistiques, motivation et émotions); et (c) catégorie relative au contexte (par ex., système d’évaluation, manuels scolaires, équipements de salle de classe et conditions de travail des enseignants). Les niveaux de réflexion intégrés dans ces balises ont de plus été explorés à l’aide d’une version modifiée d’un modèle de réflexion proposé par Lee (2005). L’étude a permis de constater que les réflexions des enseignants étaient davantage critiques (71 %) que descriptives (29 %). Ces conclusions ont des implications pour la réflexion des enseignants et pour leur perfectionnement professionnel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Jamali, Ferdos, and Nouzar Gheisari. "Formative assessment in the EFL context of kermanshah high schools: Teachers' familiarity and application." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v5i0.48.

Full text

Abstract:

Formative assessment in language teaching classes is gaining significance as one tool for successful teaching. For the teachers, administers, district managers, policy makers, and all those who lend a hand with the learning/teaching process, formative assessment can act as key factor in determining their exact whereabouts, and specifying where to go in the process .The debatable issue, however, is whether English langue teachers , as the key role players of the learning-teaching process, in the formal high schools of Kermanshah district are familiar with and employ realized-as-the-most-significant assessment techniques (questioning, feedback without grades, self-assessment, peer-assessment, and formative use of summative assessment) by Black and colleagues (2004) in their teaching act. With reference to such debate, the present study aimed at eliciting the extent of familiarity and employment of five assessment techniques from high school teachers in the formal context of education in Kermanshah district.To this end, two questionnaires, one open-ended and one 20-item Likert scale was distributed among 200 high school teachers (100 male and 100 female) in Kermanshah province. The results of statistical survey manifested that, despite highly positive perception and evaluation of the five assessment techniques, high school teachers in Kermanshah province employed just questioning technique in their classes significantly, with the four other techniques remained unemployed to a great extent. Keywords: formative assessment, EFL context, high schools, assessment techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Langues – Mali'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles