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1

Zinna, Francesco, Lorenzo Arrico, Tiziana Funaioli, Lorenzo Di Bari, Mariacecilia Pasini, Chiara Botta, and Umberto Giovanella. "Modular chiral Eu(iii) complexes for efficient circularly polarized OLEDs." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 2 (2022): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc05023k.

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Chiral lanthanide complexes can be prepared by choosing the achiral antenna ligand and the chiral inducer independently. With this modular approach, complexes optimized for use in efficient CP-OLEDs may be obtained.
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2

Mironova, Olga A., Aleksey A. Ryadun, Taisiya S. Sukhikh, Sergey N. Konchenko, and Nikolay A. Pushkarevsky. "Synthesis and luminescence studies of lanthanide complexes (Gd, Tb, Dy) with phenyl- and 2-pyridylthiolates supported by a bulky β-diketiminate ligand. Impact of the ligand environment on terbium(iii) emission." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 45 (2020): 19769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj04201c.

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3

Junker, Anne Kathrine R., and Thomas Just Sørensen. "Shining light on the excited state energy cascade in kinetically inert Ln(iii) complexes of a coumarin-appended DO3A ligand." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 3 (2019): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04464c.

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4

Kovacs, Daniel, Dulcie Phipps, Andreas Orthaber, and K. Eszter Borbas. "Highly luminescent lanthanide complexes sensitised by tertiary amide-linked carbostyril antennae." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 31 (2018): 10702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt01270a.

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The replacement of the secondary amide linker that carries the sensitizing carbostyril antenna with a tertiary amide in luminescent Eu and Tb complexes dramatically increases the lanthanide emission quantum yields.
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5

Beltrán-Leiva, María Joaquina, Eduardo Solis-Céspedes, and Dayán Páez-Hernández. "The role of the excited state dynamic of the antenna ligand in the lanthanide sensitization mechanism." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 22 (2020): 7444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01132k.

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A fragmentation scheme has been used to describe the photophysical phenomena associated with the antenna effect in organometallic lanthanide complexes. The theoretical protocol allows justifying the sensitization pathways.
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6

Pershagen, Elias, Johan Nordholm, and K. Eszter Borbas. "Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes with Analyte-Triggered Antenna Formation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 24 (February 29, 2012): 9832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja3004045.

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7

Babetto, Luca, Silvia Carlotto, Alice Carlotto, Marzio Rancan, Gregorio Bottaro, Lidia Armelao, and Maurizio Casarin. "Antenna triplet DFT calculations to drive the design of luminescent Ln3+ complexes." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 41 (2020): 14556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt02624g.

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DFT-based methods have been exploited to look into the structural, vibrational and electronic properties of antenna ligands, all of them crucial points for a reliable design of customized luminescent lanthanide (Ln3+) complexes.
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8

Kiraev, Salauat R., Emilie Mathieu, Fiona Siemens, Daniel Kovacs, Ellen Demeyere, and K. Eszter Borbas. "Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Cyclen Triacetates and Triamides Bearing Tertiary Amide-Linked Antennae." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 5282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225282.

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The coordination compounds of the trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln(III)) have unique photophysical properties. Ln(III) excitation is usually performed through a light-harvesting antenna. To enable Ln(III)-based emitters to reach their full potential, an understanding of how complex structure affects sensitization and quenching processes is necessary. Here, the role of the linker between the antenna and the metal binding fragment was studied. Four macrocyclic ligands carrying coumarin 2 or 4-methoxymethylcarbostyril sensitizing antennae linked to an octadentate macrocyclic ligand binding site were synthesized. Complexation with Ln(III) (Ln = La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb and Lu) yielded species with overall −1, 0, or +2 and +3-charge. Paramagnetic 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated subtle differences between the coumarin- and carbostyril-carrying Eu(III) and Yb(III) complexes. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the effect of the linker on the Eu(III)/Eu(II) apparent reduction potential was dependent on the electronic properties of the N-substituent. The Eu(III), Tb(III) and Sm(III) complexes were all luminescent. Coumarin-sensitized complexes were poorly emissive; photoinduced electron transfer was not a major quenching pathway in these species. These results show that seemingly similar emitters can undergo very different photophysical processes, and highlight the crucial role the linker can play.
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9

Dannenbauer, Nicole, Ana Kuzmanoski, Claus Feldmann, and Klaus Müller-Buschbaum. "1,3-Thiazole as Suitable Antenna Ligand for Lanthanide Photoluminescence in [LnCl3(thz)4]·0.5thz, Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-3292.

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The series of luminescent monomeric lanthanide thiazole complexes [LnCl3(thz)4]⋅0.5thz (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy; thz=1,3-thiazole) has been synthesised and characterised by powder and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy, DTA/TG as well as elemental analysis. The colourless compounds exhibit photoluminescence in the visible region with varying quantum efficiencies up to QY = 48% for [TbCl3(thz)4]⋅0.5thz. Both, the lanthanide ions as well as the thiazole ligand contribute to the luminescence. Excitation can be achieved via intra-4 f transitions and by exciting the ligand, emission is observed mainly from the lanthanide ions again by 4 f transitions. Thiazole can transfer energy to the lanthanide ions, which further feeds the lanthanide emission by an efficient antenna effect even at room temperature. The lanthanide ions show pentagonalbipyramidal coordination by three chloride anions and four N atoms of 1,3-thiazole, which leads to a strong 5D0 →7F4 transition for europium. Significant differences arise as compared to thiophene complexes because no sulphur atom is involved in the metal coordination, as the thiazole ligand is solely coordinated via its nitrogen function.
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10

Magennis, Steven W., Simon Parsons, Zoe Pikramenou, Anne Corval, and J. Derek Woollins. "Imidodiphosphinate ligands as antenna units in luminescent lanthanide complexes." Chemical Communications, no. 1 (1999): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a808046a.

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11

Bortoluzzi, Marco, Andrea Reolon, Jesús Castro, Francesco Enrichi, Gabriele Albertin, and Carlo Bragato. "The conjugate base of methyl 3-oxobutanoate as an antenna ligand in visible-emitting photoluminescent lanthanide complexes." RSC Advances 6, no. 39 (2016): 32727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01741j.

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12

Shiraishi, Yasuhiro, Yugo Furubayashi, Go Nishimura, and Takayuki Hirai. "Sensitized luminescence properties of dinuclear lanthanide macrocyclic complexes bearing a benzophenone antenna." Journal of Luminescence 127, no. 2 (December 2007): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2007.03.021.

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13

Allred, Benjamin E., Peter B. Rupert, Stacey S. Gauny, Dahlia D. An, Corie Y. Ralston, Manuel Sturzbecher-Hoehne, Roland K. Strong, and Rebecca J. Abergel. "Siderocalin-mediated recognition, sensitization, and cellular uptake of actinides." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (August 3, 2015): 10342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508902112.

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Synthetic radionuclides, such as the transuranic actinides plutonium, americium, and curium, present severe health threats as contaminants, and understanding the scope of the biochemical interactions involved in actinide transport is instrumental in managing human contamination. Here we show that siderocalin, a mammalian siderophore-binding protein from the lipocalin family, specifically binds lanthanide and actinide complexes through molecular recognition of the ligands chelating the metal ions. Using crystallography, we structurally characterized the resulting siderocalin–transuranic actinide complexes, providing unprecedented insights into the biological coordination of heavy radioelements. In controlled in vitro assays, we found that intracellular plutonium uptake can occur through siderocalin-mediated endocytosis. We also demonstrated that siderocalin can act as a synergistic antenna to sensitize the luminescence of trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions in ternary protein–ligand complexes, dramatically increasing the brightness and efficiency of intramolecular energy transfer processes that give rise to metal luminescence. Our results identify siderocalin as a potential player in the biological trafficking of f elements, but through a secondary ligand-based metal sequestration mechanism. Beyond elucidating contamination pathways, this work is a starting point for the design of two-stage biomimetic platforms for photoluminescence, separation, and transport applications.
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14

Bortoluzzi, Marco, Valentina Ferraro, and Federica Sartor. "Photoluminescence of Homoleptic Lanthanide Complexes With Tris(benzotriazol-1-yl)borate." Journal of Fluorescence 31, no. 5 (July 13, 2021): 1433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02772-7.

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AbstractBright photoluminescent neutral complexes having general formula [Ln(tbtz)3] (Ln = Eu, Tb; tbtz = tris(benzotriazol-1-yl)borate) were obtained by reacting K[tbtz] with EuCl3 and TbCl3. The emissions in the visible range, related to the f-f transitions of the trivalent lanthanide ions, are observable upon excitation with wavelengths shorter than 350 nm. The most intense emission bands correspond to the 5D0 → 7F4 transition at 699 nm for the europium complex and to the 5D4 → 7F5 transition at 542 nm for the terbium derivative. The luminescence is in all the cases mostly associated with the antenna-effect from the coordinated tbtz ligands. The synthetic approach was successfully extended to the preparation of the analogous yttrium and gadolinium derivatives. Tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry was attributed to the complexes on the basis of luminescence data and DFT calculations. Highly photoluminescent plastic materials were obtained by embedding small amounts of [Eu(tbtz)3] or [Tb(tbtz)3] in poly(methyl methacrylate).
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15

Youssef, Heba, Alexander E. Sedykh, Jonathan Becker, Ilya V. Taydakov, and Klaus Müller-Buschbaum. "3–(2–Pyridyl)pyrazole Based Luminescent 1D-Coordination Polymers and Polymorphic Complexes of Various Lanthanide Chlorides Including Orange-Emitting Cerium(III)." Inorganics 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10120254.

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A series of 18 lanthanide-containing 1D-coordination polymers 1∞[Ln2(2–PyPzH)4Cl6], Ln = La, Nd, Sm, dinuclear polymorphic complexes α–, β–[Ln2(2–PyPzH)4Cl6], Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, α–[Tb2(2–PyPzH)4Cl6], and [Gd2(2–PyPzH)3(2–PyPz)Cl5], mononuclear complexes [Ce(2–PyPzH)3Cl3], [Ln(2–PyPzH)2Cl3], Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er, and salt-like complexes [Gd3(2–PyPzH)8Cl8]Cl and [PyH][Tb(2–PyPzH)2Cl4] were obtained from the reaction of the respective lanthanide chloride with the 3–(2–pyridyl)pyrazole (2–PyPzH) ligand at different temperatures. An antenna effect through ligand-to-metal energy transfer was observed for several products, leading to the highest luminescence efficiency displayed by a quantum yield of 92% in [Tb(2–PyPzH)2Cl3]. The Ce3+ ion in the complex [Ce(2–PyPzH)3Cl3] exhibits a bright and orange 5d-based broadband emission with a maximum at around 600 nm, marking an example of a strong reduction of the 5d-excited states of Ce(III). The absorption spectroscopy shows ion-specific 4f–4f transitions, which can be assigned to Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ in a wide spectral range from UV–VIS to the NIR region.
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16

Di Pietro, Sebastiano, Dalila Iacopini, Aldo Moscardini, Ranieri Bizzarri, Mauro Pineschi, Valeria Di Bussolo, and Giovanni Signore. "New Coumarin Dipicolinate Europium Complexes with a Rich Chemical Speciation and Tunable Luminescence." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051265.

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Europium (III) luminescent chelates possess intrinsic photophysical properties that are extremely useful in a wide range of applications. The lack of examples of coumarin-based lanthanide complexes is mainly due to poor photo-sensitization attempts. However, with the appeal of using such a versatile scaffold as antenna, especially in the development of responsive molecular probes, it is worth the effort to research new structural motifs. In this work, we present a series of two new tris coumarin-dipicolinate europium (III) complexes, specifically tailored to be either a mono or a dual emitter, tuning their properties with a simple chemical modification. We also encountered a rich chemical speciation in solution, studied in detail by means of paramagnetic NMR and emission spectroscopy.
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17

Bardonov, Daniil A., Lada N. Puntus, Ilya V. Taidakov, Evgenia A. Varaksina, Konstantin A. Lyssenko, Ilya E. Nifant'ev, and Dmitrii M. Roitershtein. "Ligand-to-ligand charge transfer state in lanthanide complexes containing π-bonded antenna ligands." Mendeleev Communications 32, no. 2 (March 2022): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2022.03.015.

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18

Singaravadivel, Subramanian, Eththilu Babu, Murugesan Velayudham, Kuang-Lieh Lu, and Seenivasan Rajagopal. "Sensitized near-infrared luminescence of lanthanide complexes by energy transfer from a ruthenium antenna." Polyhedron 60 (August 2013): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2013.05.018.

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19

Aguiar, Franklin P., Israel F. Costa, José Geraldo P. Espínola, Wagner M. Faustino, Jandeilson L. Moura, Hermi F. Brito, Tiago B. Paolini, Maria Cláudia F. C. Felinto, and Ercules E. S. Teotonio. "Luminescent hybrid materials functionalized with lanthanide ethylenodiaminotetraacetate complexes containing β-diketonate as antenna ligands." Journal of Luminescence 170 (February 2016): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.06.038.

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20

Wartenberg, Nicolas, Olivier Raccurt, Elodie Bourgeat-Lami, Daniel Imbert, and Marinella Mazzanti. "Multicolour Optical Coding from a Series of Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes with a Unique Antenna." Chemistry - A European Journal 19, no. 10 (January 25, 2013): 3477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201203657.

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21

Kawa, Manabu, and Jean M. J. Fréchet. "Self-Assembled Lanthanide-Cored Dendrimer Complexes: Enhancement of the Luminescence Properties of Lanthanide Ions through Site-Isolation and Antenna Effects." Chemistry of Materials 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm970441q.

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22

Rabanal-León, Walter A., Dayán Páez-Hernández, and Ramiro Arratia-Pérez. "Covalent lanthanide(iii) macrocyclic complexes: the bonding nature and optical properties of a promising single antenna molecule." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 47 (2014): 25978–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03882g.

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The present work is focused on the elucidation of the electronic structure, bonding and optical properties of a series of coordination compounds of type [LnIIIHAM]3+, where “LnIII” are the trivalent lanthanide ions: La3+, Ce3+, Eu3+ and Lu3+, while “HAM” is the neutral six-nitrogen macrocyclic ligand [C22N6H26].
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23

Andres, Julien, and K. Eszter Borbas. "Expanding the Versatility of Dipicolinate-Based Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes: A Fast Method for Antenna Testing." Inorganic Chemistry 54, no. 17 (August 19, 2015): 8174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01579.

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24

Tang, Jianguo, Xingyi Huang, Yao Wang, and Jixian Liu. "Effect of ligand-antenna integration (ALI) in macromolecular structures on fluorescent property of processable macromolecule–lanthanide complexes." Optical Materials 29, no. 12 (August 2007): 1774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006.09.015.

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25

Perry, William S., Simon J. A. Pope, Clémence Allain, Benjamin J. Coe, Alan M. Kenwright, and Stephen Faulkner. "Synthesis and photophysical properties of kinetically stable complexes containing a lanthanide ion and a transition metal antenna group." Dalton Transactions 39, no. 45 (2010): 10974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0dt00877j.

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26

Yip, Yuk-Wang, Hongli Wen, Wing-Tak Wong, Peter A. Tanner, and Ka-Leung Wong. "Increased Antenna Effect of the Lanthanide Complexes by Control of a Number of Terdentate N-Donor Pyridine Ligands." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 13 (June 19, 2012): 7013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic300916e.

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27

Le Borgne, Thierry, Jean-Marc Bénech, Sébastien Floquet, Gérald Bernardinelli, Christian Aliprandini, Philippe Bettens, and Claude Piguet. "Monometallic lanthanide complexes with tridentate 2,6-dicarboxamidopyridine ligands. Influence of peripheral substitutions on steric congestion and antenna effect." Dalton Trans., no. 20 (2003): 3856–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b307413g.

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28

Miyazaki, Shiori, Kiyoshi Miyata, Haruna Sakamoto, Fumiya Suzue, Yuichi Kitagawa, Yasuchika Hasegawa, and Ken Onda. "Dual Energy Transfer Pathways from an Antenna Ligand to Lanthanide Ion in Trivalent Europium Complexes with Phosphine-Oxide Bridges." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 124, no. 33 (July 27, 2020): 6601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02224.

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29

Kong, Lingbo, Jianguo Tang, Jixian Liu, Yao Wang, Lingyuan Wang, and Fei Cong. "Fluorescent nanoblocks of lanthanide complexes on nano silicon dioxide and carbon nanotube donors with ligand–antenna integration (ALI) structure." Materials Science and Engineering: C 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2008.05.012.

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30

Yakovlev, Oleksii O., Nataliia S. Kariaka, Victor A. Trush, Sergii S. Smola, Milosz Siczek, and Vladimir M. Amirkhanov. "Luminescent properties and structure of new CAPh-based lanthanide complexes [LnL3Q], containing additional bis-heterocyclic aromatic ligand-antenna 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl) pyridine." Optical Materials 75 (January 2018): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.10.044.

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31

Pointillart, Fabrice, Thomas Cauchy, Olivier Maury, Yann Le Gal, Stéphane Golhen, Olivier Cador, and Lahcène Ouahab. "Tetrathiafulvalene‐amido‐2‐pyridine‐N‐oxide as Efficient Charge‐Transfer Antenna Ligand for the Sensitization of YbIIILuminescence in a Series of Lanthanide Paramagnetic Coordination Complexes." Chemistry – A European Journal 16, no. 39 (September 8, 2010): 11926–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001450.

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32

Kovacs, Daniel, Daniel Kocsi, Jordann A. L. Wells, Salauat R. Kiraev, and K. Eszter Borbas. "Electron transfer pathways in photoexcited lanthanide(iii) complexes of picolinate ligands." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 12 (2021): 4244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00616a.

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A series of luminescent lanthanide(iii) complexes consisting of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-picolinate frameworks and three secondary amidelinked carbostyril antennae were synthesised and characterised.
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33

KIM, HWAN KYU, NAM SEOB BAEK, JAE BUEM OH, JAE-WON KA, SOO-GYUN ROH, YONG HEE KIM, MIN KOOK NAH, KYUNG-SOO HONG, BOK JOO SONG, and GUIJIANG ZHOU. "LANTHANIDE(III)-CORED SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES WITH LIGHT-HARVESTING DENDRITIC ARRAYS FOR ADVANCED PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 14, no. 04 (December 2005): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863505003018.

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We have designed and developed novel lanthanide(III)-cored supramolecular systems with light-harvesting dendritic arrays for advanced photonics applications such as planar waveguide amplifiers, plastic lasers, and light-emitting diodes. The supramolecular ligands, such as naphthalenes and metalloporphyrins, were specially designed and synthesized in order to provide enough coordination sites to form stable lanthanide(III)-chelated complexes. The energy levels of the supramolecular ligands were tailored to maintain the effective energy transfer process from supramolecular ligands to lanthanide(III) ions for getting a higher optical amplification gain. Also, efficient energy transfer pathways for the sensitization of lanthanide ions by supramolecular ligands were investigated, for the first time to the best our knowledge. Furthermore, to enhance the optophysical properties of novel supramolecular systems, aryl ether-functionalized dendrons as photon antennas have been incorporated into lanthanide-cored supramolecular systems, yielding novel lanthanide-cored dendritic materials with efficient site-isolation effect.
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34

Miluski, Piotr, Marcin Kochanowicz, Jacek Zmojda, and Dominik Dorosz. "Multicolor emission of Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) for optical fibre technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i4.788.

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The article presents multicolor emission observed in poly(methyl methacrylate) specimens co-doped by trivalent terbium and europium ions. The bright luminescence was obtained using organometallic complexes of lanthanides and energy transfer antenna effect. Spectroscopic characterization exhibit wide excitation spectrum according to chelating structure of used complexes and characteristic Tb3+ and Eu3+ emission peaks in luminescence spectra. The calculated CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates confirm that colorful emission from green to red can be obtained using proposed materials. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.-H. Jou, M.-C. Sun, H.-H. Chou, C.-H. Li, "White organic light-emitting devices with a solution-processed and molecular host-employed emission layer", Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 043508 (2005). CrossRef R. Mac Ciarnain, D. Michaelis, T. Wehlus, A. F. Rausch, N. Danz, A. Brauer, A. Tünnermann, "Emission from outside of the emission layer in state-of-the-art phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes", Organic Electronics 44, 115 (2017). CrossRef G. Williams, C. Backhouse, H. Aziz, "Integration of Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Photodetectors for Lab-on-a-Chip Bio-Detection Systems", Electronics 3, 43 (2014). CrossRef P. Miluski, D. Dorosz, M. Kochanowicz and J. Żmojda, "Fluorescent polymeric optical fibre illuminator", Electronics Letters, 52, 18 (2016). CrossRef L. Bilro, N. Alberto, J. L.Pinto, R. Nogueira, "Optical Sensors Based on Plastic Fibers", Sensors 12, 12184 (2012). CrossRef P. Miluski, D. Dorosz, J. Żmojda, M. Kochanowicz, J. Dorosz, "Luminescent Polymer Optical Fibre Sensor for Temperature Measurement", Acta Phys. Pol. A 127, 730 (2015) CrossRef C. Lethien, C. Loyez, J. P. Vilcot, N. Rolland, P. A. Rolland, "Exploit the Bandwidth Capacities of the Perfluorinated Graded Index Polymer Optical Fiber for Multi-Services Distribution", Polymers 3, 1006 (2011). CrossRef J. Zubia, J. Arrue, "Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications", Opt. Fiber Technol. 7, 101 (2001). CrossRef N. Sultanovaa, S. Kasarovaa, I. Nikolov, "Dispersion Properties of Optical Polymers", Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585 (2009). CrossRef J. Arrue, F. Jiménez, I. Ayesta, M. Asunción Illarramendi, J. Zubia, "Polymer-Optical-Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers Doped with Organic Dyes", Polymers 3,1162 (2011). CrossRef P. Miluski, M. Kochanowicz, J. Żmojda, "Spectroscopic investigation of organic co-doped PMMA for optical fiber technology", Journal Of Optoelectronics And Advanced Materials, 19, 379 (2017). DirectLink P. Miluski, M. Kochanowicz, J. Żmojda, and D. Dorosz, "Emission properties and energy transfer in Perylene-Rhodamine 6 G co-doped polymeric fiber", Chinese Optics Letters 14, 12, 121602 (2016). CrossRef H. Liang, Z. Yang, L. Xiao, F. Xie, " Radiative transition probability of a europium (III) chelating polymer", Optoelectronics And Advanced Materials ? Rapid Communications 4, 9, 1396 (2010). CrossRef H. Jiu, J. Ding, Y. Sun, J. Bao, C. Gao, Q. Zhang, "Fluorescence enhancement of europium complex co-doped with terbium complex in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352, 197 (2006). CrossRef K. Kuriki, S. Nishihara, Y. Nishizawa, A. Tagaya, Y. Koike, Y. Okamoto, "Spectroscopic properties of lanthanide chelates in perfluorinated plastics for optical applications", Journal of the Optical Society of America B 19, 8, 1844 (2002). CrossRef P. Miluski, M. Kochanowicz, J. Żmojda, D. Dorosz, "Luminescent properties of Tb3+-dopedpoly(methyl methacrylate) fiber" Chinese Optics Letters, 15, 7, 070602 (2017). DirectLink P. Miluski, M. Kochanowicz, J. Żmojda, D. Dorosz, "Properties of Eu3+ doped poly(methyl methacrylate) optical fiber", Optical Engineering, 56, 2, 027106 (2017). CrossRef D. Oh, N. Song and J.-J. Kim, "Plastic optical amplifier using europium complex", Proc. SPIE, 4282, (2001). CrossRef X. Xu, H. Ming, Q. Zhang, "Optical-transition probabilities of Nd3+ ions in polymer optical fibers", Optics Communications 199, 369 (2001). CrossRef Z.-Q. Zheng, H. Liang, H. Ming, Q.-J. Zhang, X.-H. Han, G.-Z. Wang, J.-P. Xie, "Optical Transition Probability of Sm 3+ Ions in a Polymer Optical Fibre", Chin. Phys. Lett. 21, 2, 291 (2004). CrossRef
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35

Abad Galán, Laura, Satoshi Wada, Lee Cameron, Alexandre N. Sobolev, Yasuchika Hasegawa, Eli Zysman-Colman, Mark I. Ogden, and Massimiliano Massi. "Photophysical investigation of near infrared emitting lanthanoid complexes incorporating tris(2-naphthoyl)methane as a new antenna ligand." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 11 (2019): 3768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04749a.

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36

Ottonelli, M., G. F. Musso, F. Rizzo, G. Dellepiane, W. Porzio, and S. Destri. "Quantum chemical prediction of antennae structures in lanthanide complexes." Materials Science and Engineering: B 146, no. 1-3 (January 2008): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2007.07.087.

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37

Bradberry, Samuel J., Aramballi Jayant Savyasachi, Robert D. Peacock, and Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson. "Quantifying the formation of chiral luminescent lanthanide assemblies in an aqueous medium through chiroptical spectroscopy and generation of luminescent hydrogels." Faraday Discussions 185 (2015): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00105f.

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Herein we present the synthesis and the photophysical evaluation of water-soluble chiral ligands (2·(R,R) and 2·(S,S)) and their application in the formation of lanthanide directed self-assembled structures. These pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic amide based ligands, possessing two naphthalene moieties as sensitising antennae, that can be used to populate the excited state of lanthanide ions, were structurally modified using 3-propanesultone and caesium carbonate, allowing for the incorporation of a water-solubilising sulfonate motif. We show, using microwave synthesis, that Eu(iii) forms chiral complexes in 1 : 3 (M : L) stoichiometries (Eu·[2·(R,R)]3 and Eu·[2·(S,S)]3) with these ligands, and that the red Eu(iii)-centred emission arising from these complexes has quantum yields (Φtot) of 12% in water. Both circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarised luminescence (CPL) analysis show that the complexes are chiral; giving rise to characteristic CD and CPL signatures for both the Λ and the Δ complexes, which both possess characteristic luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum), describing the structure in solution. The self-assembly process was also monitored in situ by observing the changes in the ligand absorption and fluorescence emission, as well as in the Eu(iii) luminescence. The change, fitted using non-linear regression analysis, demonstrated high binding affinity for Eu(iii) which in part can be assigned to being driven by additional hydrophobic effects. Moreover, using CD spectroscopy, the changes in the chiroptical properties of both (2·(R,R) and 2·(S,S)) were monitored in real time. Fitting the changes in the CD spectra allowed for the step-wise binding constants to be determined for these assemblies; these matched well with those determined from both the ground and the excited state changes. Both the ligands and the Eu(iii) complexes were then used in the formation of hydrogels; the Eu(iii)-metallogels were luminescent to the naked-eye.
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38

Terai, Takuya, Hiroki Ito, Kazuya Kikuchi, and Tetsuo Nagano. "Salicylic-Acid Derivatives as Antennae for Ratiometric Luminescent Probes Based on Lanthanide Complexes." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 24 (May 9, 2012): 7377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201200610.

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39

Moore, Evan G., Anthony D'Aléo, Jide Xu, and Kenneth N. Raymond. "EuIII Complexes of Octadentate 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinones: Stability and Improved Photophysical Performance." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 10 (2009): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09314.

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The luminescence properties of lanthanoid ions can be dramatically enhanced by coupling them to antenna ligands that absorb light in the UV-visible and then efficiently transfer the energy to the lanthanoid centre. The synthesis and the complexation of LnIII cations (Ln = Eu, Gd) for a ligand based on four 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinone (1,2-HOPO) chelators appended to a ligand backbone derived by linking two l-lysine units (3LI-bis-LYS) is described. This octadentate EuIII complex ([Eu(3LI-bis-LYS-1,2-HOPO)]–) has been evaluated in terms of its thermodynamic stability, UV-visible absorption and luminescence properties. For this complex, the conditional stability constant (pM) is 19.9, which is an order of magnitude higher than diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid at pH = 7.4. This EuIII complex also shows an almost two-fold increase in its luminescence quantum yield in aqueous solution (pH = 7.4) when compared with other octadentate ligands. Hence, despite a slight decrease of the molar absorption coefficient, a much higher brightness is obtained for [Eu(3LI-bis-LYS-1,2-HOPO)]–. This overall improvement was achieved by saturating the coordination sphere of the EuIII cation, yielding an increased metal-centred efficiency by excluding solvent water molecules from the metal’s inner sphere.
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40

Santos, João A. O., Alessandra M. G. Mutti, Airton G. Bispo-Jr, Ana M. Pires, and Sergio A. M. Lima. "Red-Emitting Hybrid Based on Eu3+-dbm Complex Anchored on Silica Nanoparticles Surface by Carboxylic Acid for Biomarker Application." Materials 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235494.

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Luminescent organic-inorganic hybrids containing lanthanides (Ln3+) have been prominent for applications such as luminescent bio-probes in biological assays. In this sense, a luminescent hybrid based on dense silica (SiO2) nanospheres decorated with Eu3+ β–diketonate complexes using dibenzoylmethane (Hdbm) as a luminescent antenna was developed by using a hierarchical organization in four steps: (i) anchoring of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) organosilane on the SiO2 surface, (ii) formation of a carboxylic acid ligand, (iii) coordination of Eu3+ to the carboxylate groups and (iv) coordination of dbm− to Eu3+. The hybrid structure was elucidated through the correlation of thermogravimetry, silicon nuclear magnetic resonance and photoluminescence. Results indicate that the carboxylic acid-Eu3+-dbm hybrid was formed on the surface of the particles with no detectable changes on their size or shape after all the four steps (average size of 32 ± 7 nm). A surface charge of −27.8 mV was achieved for the hybrid, assuring a stable suspension in aqueous media. The Eu3+ complex provides intense red luminescence, characteristic of Eu3+5D0→7FJ electronic transitions, with an intrinsic emission quantum yield of 38%, even in an aqueous suspension. Therefore, the correlation of luminescence, structure, particle morphology and fluorescence microscopy images make the hybrid promising for application in bioimaging.
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Thor, Waygen, Yonghong Zhang, Ka Leung Wong, and Peter A. Tanner. "Orbital transitions: insight into energy transfer through an antenna for an organo-lanthanide complex." Chemical Communications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc05246b.

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Supported by experimental work, wavefunction theory (WFT) calculations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing a range of functionals have been performed for two lanthanide complexes to investigate, in gas...
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42

Kocsi, Daniel, Andreas Orthaber, and Eszter Borbas. "Tuning the photophysical properties of luminescent lanthanide complexes through regioselective antenna fluorination." Chemical Communications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc01229d.

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Carbostyrils monofluorinated in the 3, 5, or 6 positions were synthesised from olefinic precursors via a photochemical isomerisation-cyclisation route, and incorporated into octadentate cyclen triacetate ligands that formed luminescent complexes...
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43

Case, Patrick J., and Aaron W. Harper. "Trivalent Europium Complexes Using Dendritic â-Diketone Ligands." MRS Proceedings 771 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-771-l4.10.

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AbstractA series of photon harvesting lanthanide complexes have been synthesized by chelating dendritic â-diketone ligands to Eu+3. The ligands are modified benzoyltrifluoroacetone units (BTFA) with poly(aryl ether) dendron attachments. These ligands impose a very large asymmetric nature to the first coordination sphere of europium compared to previous dendritic compounds. These complexes exhibit europium emission with no residual emission from the ligands as the dendritic subunits increase from G-0 to G-3. This is due to both antenna and site isolation effects. These complexes mimic light harvesting organisms seen in Nature. When these intensities are compared throughout the series, an increase in intensity is seen where [(G2)BTFA]3Eu is the brightest, with [(G3)BTFA]3Eu being less intense than the G-2 complex. However, the lifetime data indicates that the G-3 complex is the longest lived species.
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44

Santoyo‐Flores, Juan Julián, and Dayán Páez‐Hernández. "Theoretical study of 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential antennas in lanthanide complexes: Photophysical properties and elucidation of energy transfer pathways." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 122, no. 10 (January 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.26880.

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