Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lanthanides and actinides'
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He, Mingjian. "Complexation d'actinides et d'analogues par des ligands hydroxamates." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS413/document.
Full textDue to the increasing human activities in the civilian nuclear fields, the actual and potential release of radionuclides into the environment is a matter of concern. The mobility of radio-nuclides depends on several factors such as pH, ionic strength, oxidation state and the presence of organic ligands. In order to guarantee the safety of radioactive waste storage sites and to develop contaminated soil remediation processes, it is necessary to have fundamental data on actinides and natural organic ligands interactions. This study focuses on the interaction between Th(IV), U(IV,VI), Cf(III) and Eu(III) and hydroxamates derivatives, desferrioxamine B, a bacterial siderophore with three hydroxamic functions. The stability constants of complexes are determined as function of acidity and ligand concentration, at fixed ionic strength and temperature, using several techniques and metal concentrations ranging from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻³ M (liquid-liquid extraction coupled with γ-spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis with UV detection, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry). The thermodynamic study is supplemented by a structural one using spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Experimental measurements are compared with quantum chemistry calculations (DFT) in order to determine the coordination geometry of the metal ion and the interatomic distances
Sorin, Antoire. "Séparation actinides (III) lanthanides (III) par nanofiltration assistée par complexation /." [Gif-sur-Yvette] : [CEA Saclay, Direction des systèmes d'information], 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402306421.
Full textSorin, Antoine. "Séparation actinides(III)-lanthanides(III) par nanofiltration assistée par complexation." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10001.
Full textMostapha, Sarah. "Complexation des actinides et des lanthanides avec les nucléotides d'adénosine phosphate." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20181/document.
Full textOrganophosphorus compounds are important molecules in both nuclear industry and living systems fields. Indeed, several extractants of organophosphorus compounds (such as TBP, HDEHP) are used in the nuclear fuel cycle reprocessing and in the biological field, the nucleotides are organophosphates which play a very important role in various metabolic processes. If the literature on the interactions of actinides with inorganic phosphate is abundant, published studies with organophosphate compounds are generally limited to macroscopic and / or physiological approaches. The objective of this thesis is to study the structure of several organophosphorus compounds with actinides to refine a better understanding and develop new specific buildings blocks. The family of the chosen molecules for this approach consists of three adenine nucleotides mono, bi and triphosphate (AMP, adenosine monophosphate - ADP, adenosine diphosphate - ATP, adenosine triphosphate) and an aminoalkylphosphate (AEP O-phosphorylethanolamine). Complexes Synthesis was conducted in aqueous medium and weakly acidic (2.8-4) for several representatives of lanthanides considered as actinides (III) (Lu, Yb, Eu) and actinides (U (VI), Th (IV) and Am (III)). Several analytical and spectroscopic techniques have been used to describe the organization of the synthesized complexes: spectrometric analysis performed by FTIR and NMR were used to identify the functional groups involved in the complexation, analysis by ESI-MS and pH-metric titration were used to determine the solution speciation and EXAFS analyzes were performed on Mars beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron, have described the local cation environment, for both solution and solid compounds. Some theoretical approaches of DFT were conducted to identify stable structures in purpose of completing the experimental approaches. All solid complexes (AMP, ADP, ATP and AEP) have polynuclear structures, while soluble ATP complexes are mononuclear. For all synthesized complexes, it has been demonstrated that the dominant interaction is between the cations and the phosphate groups of the ligands. Complexes with monophosphate ligands (AMP-Lu, Lu-Th-AEP and AMP) show similar organizations with bridging phosphates indicating that the organic part does not have a significant effect on their structures. ADP and ATP solid state complexes (with two spheroid metal ions: Lu and Th) show several similarities in terms of local environment indicating that the occurrence of a third phosphate group has no significant effect on the local organization of the complex. However, despite the theoretical approaches that have been conducted, the fine structure of these complexes has not been accurately determined, Complexes of lanthanides and actinides with ATP behave similarly at macroscopic level suggesting an identical structure at the molecular level for these complexes.With uranyl, U-AMP complexe synthesized at acidic pH show different behavior at molecular level than that observed at alkaline pH but the same coordination sites (phosphates and hydroxyls ribose groups) have been demonstrated for both complexes
Marjolin, Aude. "Modélisation statique et dynamique de cations lanthanides et actinides en solution." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833263.
Full textHamel, Céline. "Séparation actinides-lanthanides (néodymes) par extraction électrolytique en milieux fluorures fondus /." [Gif-sur-Yvette] : [CEA Saclay, Direction des systèmes d'information], 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40074567j.
Full textLa p. de titre porte en plus : "Direction de l'énergie nucléaire" Bibliogr. f. 177-186. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Hamel, Céline. "Séparation actinides-lanthanides (néodyne) par extraction électrolytique en milieux fluorures fondus." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30034.
Full textThis study concerns the An-Ln and Ln-Solvent separation by electrolytical extraction in molten fluoride media. Three elements are selected: neodymium, uranium and plutonium. Firstly, the electrochemical study of these three compounds in molten fluoride media is performed to evaluate the separations. Electrodeposition processes are studied and the values of formal potentials of U(III)/U(0), Pu(III)/Pu(0) and Nd(III)/Nd(0) are obtained in LiF-CaF2. Thermodynamically, the values of potentials differences are enough to separate U-Nd and Pu-Nd with a yield of extraction of 99. 99%. Concerning the Nd-solvent separation this potential difference is too small. Next, the electrodeposition of solid metals on inert electrodes is performed. This study showed the unstability of U and Nd deposits and the presence of salts in the dendritic U metal. Finally, a reactive cathode is used to improve these results. On Ni electrodes, we shown an improvement of the Pu-Nd and the Nd-solvent separation. Moreover, U and Nd metal are stabilized in the alloy. The formation of liquids alloys makes also easier the recovery of these three elements
O'Sullivan, Julie Ann. "Metal complexes of trimethylsilyl substituted cyclooctatetraenes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361361.
Full textLagrelette, Mickaël. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de complexation de chélatants hydroxamiques vis-à-vis des lanthanides et des actinides." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS074.
Full textThis work presents the synthesis of mono-, di- or tetrafunctionalized molecular chelates bearing « retro » or « normal » hydroxamic acid functions in order to selectively complex actinide(IV) ions versus lanthanide(III) ions for a better management of nuclear wastes. The conception of new synthetic strategies has led to hydroxamic ligands composed of linear di- or tetraaza, or tetraazamacrocyclic platforms (cyclam or cyclen) on which the hydroxamic functions were anchored. These new chelators were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, infrared, mass spectrometry and potentiometry. The N-methylacetohydroxamic acid has been used as model for the complexation studies. The resolution of the first X-ray structure of a tetraleptic zirconium(IV) complex with this ligand has been reported. The complexation studies of the tetrafunctionalized ligands with lanthanides and actinides led to the formation of coordination polymers, which can be explained by a too high flexibility of chelate chains. During the complexation by the dihydroxamic ligands, the formation of mono- and dileptic lanthanide(III) complexes was evidenced but solely dileptic Th(IV) and Zr(IV) complexes were characterized. The stability constant measurements for the dihydroxamic ligands have confirmed a higher stability of Th(IV) and Zr(IV) complexes in comparison with lanthanide(III) complexes
Potter, Natalie Alison. "Synthesis of f-block complexes in a polypyrrolic macrocyclic environment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9562.
Full textCourchesne, Maxime. "Separation of lanthanides and actinides : using ion exchange : mining and nuclear applications." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40191.
Full textThis thesis investigates the use of ion exchange resins to separate actinides (thorium and uranium) from lanthanides (rare earth elements). This versatile method was used in two distinct areas : the mining sector and the nuclear field. The problem encountered in the mining sector consists in the separation of thorium from leachates of rare earth elements (REE) ores. Due to their physical properties similar to REE, thorium and uranium are found within themineral lattice of various REE ores. These radioactive metals are considered by the REE producers as impuritiesand must therefore be removed from the leachate. As a result, the separation of thorium by ion exchange resinshas been studied on REE leachates. A sulfuric acid leachate provided by Search Minerals and a nitric leachate produced from laboratory tests were used. Two preliminary processes emerged from the results : a process allowing the successive separation of thorium, heavy REE, and light REE in sulfuric leachate and a process allowing the selective and continuous extraction of thorium in nitric leachate.The problem encountered by the nuclear field deals with the recovery of highly enriched uranium contained indifferent nuclear waste. This waste comes from the production of medical isotopes from Chalk River Laboratories(LCR). During production, almost 90% of the uranium is not consumed. The unused uranium is then found in the cemented and liquid wastes. In order to recover the uranium contained in the cemented waste, the ionexchange methods has been tested on various sulfuric leachates of synthetic cemented waste simulating the radioactive cemented waste. For the liquid waste, the ion exchange experiments were done on a synthetic solution mimicking the nitric solution contained in the fissile solution storage tank. Two processes have been developed for each type of waste.
Audras, Matthieu. "Caractérisation structurale de complexes d'actinides (III) et (IV) par le ligand DOTA." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20096/document.
Full textThe polyaminocarboxylate anions have been identified as compounds of interest in the operations of actinide separation, in actinide migration in the environment and in human radiotoxicology. The structural characterization of complexes formed between actinides and polyaminocarboxylates ligands is essential for a better understanding of actinide-ligands interactions. Among the polyaminocarboxylate anions, the DOTA ligand (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid) is described as a very strong complexing agent of the lanthanides(III), but has been little studied with actinides. The objective of this thesis is to describe the complexes formed between the actinides (III) and (IV) and the DOTA ligand, and compare them with the lanthanide complexes. For this, an approach has been introduced to characterize the complex by complementary analytical techniques (spectrophotometry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NMR, EXAFS, electrochemistry), but also by calculations of theoretical chemistry to help the interpretation of the experimental data. The formation of a 1:1 complex is observed with the actinides(III) (plutonium and americium) as in the case of lanthanides(III): rapid formation of intermediate species which evolves slowly towards the formation of a limit complex. Within this complex, the cation is located inside the cavity formed by the ligand. Four nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms from the carboxylate functions are involved in the coordination sphere of the cation. However, differences were observed in the bond lengths formed between the cation and the nitrogen atoms (the bonds are somewhat shorter in the case of actinide complexes) as well as the complexation kinetics, which is slightly faster for the actinides(III) than for lanthanide(III) ions of equivalent radius. The same behavior was observed in solution upon complexation of actinides(IV) (uranium, plutonium and neptunium): slow formation of a 1:1 complex (actinide(IV):ligand) in wherein the cation is located inside the cavity formed by the macrocycle DOTA, although the kinetics of actinide(IV) complexation is slower than for the actinides(III) complexation. Nevertheless, the study of thorium(IV)-DOTA complexes shows differences since 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in solution are detected, and where only the carboxylate functions are involved in the coordination sphere of the cation. Finally, an initial estimate of the stability constant of the plutonium(IV)-DOTA complexes by electrochemical measurements indicates that complexes of actinide(IV) are approximately 10 orders of magnitude more stable than the complex of actinides(III), as previously observed with other polyaminocarboxylate anions
Mehdoui, Thouraya. "Etude des facteurs favorisant la complexation sélective des ions lanthanides et actinides trivalents." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112144.
Full textIn order to obtain clear-cut information on the factors which favour the discrimination between trivalent actinides and lanthanides, we investigated the complexation of the tris(cyclopentadienyl) Ce(III) and U(III) compounds, (RCp)3M (R = tBu, SiMe3), with a series of monocyclic azines with distinct Lewis basicity and reduction potential. Coordination of pyrazine and 4,4' and 2,2'-bipyridines on the (RCp)3M complexes has also been studied. Of major interest is the reversible oxidation of the (RCp)3U species into the uranium(IV) [(RCp)3U]2(pyz) complexes by pyrazine. The presence of cooperativity in the binding of the cyclopentadienyl groups by U(III), due to late appearance of back-bonding, leads to a greater stabilization of the uranium(III) complexes. Complexation of the species Cp*2MI (M = Ce, U) by 2,2'-bipyridine, phenanthroline and terpyridine affords the adducts [Cp*2M(L)]I. For L = bipy and terpy, these compounds are reduced into Cp*2M(L). The magnetic data for [Cp*2M(terpy)]I and Cp*2M(terpy) are consistent with Ce(III) and U(III) species, with the formulation Cp*2MIII(terpy•–). An electron transfer reaction between these species was observed in NMR. Reactions of the [Cp*2M(terpy)]I and Cp*2M(terpy) complexes with H• and H+ donor reagents lead to a clear differentiation of these trivalent ions. We studied the coordination of the stable N-heterocyclic carbene and isonitrile molecules on (RCp)3M and Cp*2MI ; competition reactions and comparison of the crystal structures of the carbene compounds reveal the much better affinity of the NHC and tBuNC ligands for the 5f rather than for the 4f ion
Whittaker, Daniel Mark. "Speciation of actinides and lanthanides with ligands proposed for next generation partitioning processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/speciation-of-actinides-and-lanthanides-with-ligands-proposed-for-next-generation-partitioning-processes(7758a851-18cd-4595-96fb-a62e0546acf7).html.
Full textJaskierowicz, Sebastien. "Extraction des actinides et des lanthanides du combustible du réacteur rapide à sels fondus." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770155.
Full textGarcia, Régis. "Contribution à la séparation actinides-lanthanides : utilisation de matériaux ionosélectifs synthétisés par empreinte ionique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10098.
Full textLemort, Florent. "Étude de la séparation actinides-lanthanides des déchets nucléaires par un procédé pyrochimique nouveau." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0011.
Full textAlliot, Cyrille. "Sorption de lanthanides et actinides en présence de complexants organiques simples. Approche thermodynamique et spectroscopique." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0007.
Full textThis work comes within studies of nuclear waste disposal. The sorption of radionuclide onto mineral is very important to understand their migration. So this work deals with the influence of ligands like oxalic, acetic and carbonic acids on lanthanides and actinides sorption onto alumina. Two complementary approaches were carried out: thermodynamic (determination of chemical reactions and associated constants). So we obtain a thermodynamic database for the ternary systems metal/ligand/alumina which we use to define the experimental conditions to observe by spectroscopy sorbed species. Then the identification of surface complexes was carried out using two spectroscopies, XPS and TRLIFS
Dufaye, Maxime. "Synthèses, caractérisations et cristallochimie de polyoxométallates incorporant des actinides et des lanthanides comme simulants d’actinides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R036/document.
Full textThe research of molecules for the extraction and stabilization of actinides is a key topic in the field of chemistry related to the reprocessing of spent fuels in the nuclear industry. Among the chemical species, vacant polyoxometalates, owing to their modular structural properties and high nucleophilia, are good candidates for the complexation of metal cations. In this context, the association of trivacant polyoxotungstates with tetravalent and hexavalent actinides (thorium(IV), uranium(IV and VI)) and lanthanides considered as minor actinide simulants was investigated. The studies concerned the reactivity of trivacant precursors {SiW9O34}, {AsIIIW9O33}, {AsVW9O34} and {PW9O34} with 4f elements (Ce(IV)) and 5f (Th(IV), (U(VI)), which resulted in the complexation of hexanuclear clusters {Ce6O8} or polyanionic systems incorporating up to 12 actinides Th(IV) or U(VI) centers. Cryptand species {As4W40O140} and {P8W48O184} have encapsulated up to 4 uranium(IV) cations or 7.2 uranyl cations per molecule respectively. The third cryptant tested {Na2Sb8W36O132(H2O)4} did not allow actinide complexation. It nevertheless reorganizes, forming a polyanionic entity containing the species {SbW10O37} and {SbW8O31} during the reaction with trivalent lanthanides (Gd --> Lu). A total of 23 crystallized compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The various molecular assemblies have been subjected to physico-chemical characterizations (IR, TGA). Their stability, particularly in aqueous solution, has been demonstrated by X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Nkou, Bouala Galy Ingrid. "Premier stade du frittage des dioxydes de lanthanides et d’actinides : une étude in situ par MEBE à haute température." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT220/document.
Full textSintering is a key step in the elaboration of UOx and MOx (U/Pu mixed oxide) nuclear fuels pellets used in the pressurized water reactors. The first step of this process, which consists in the elaboration of a neck between the grains and led to the consolidation of the material, is generally described through numerical simulation. The models used for the theoretical description of this step are generally constituted by two spherical grains in contact. In order to perform the first experimental observations of the initial stage of sintering of ceramics materials of interest for electronuclear fuel cycle and to complement the numerical approaches, samples of lanthanide (CeO2) and actinides (ThO2 and UO2) dioxides with controlled morphology were examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy during heat treatment at high temperature (HT-ESEM).First, the protocols leading to the synthesis of lanthanides and actinides oxides microspheres were developed, and the powders obtained characterized. It was thus possible to obtain, for all the compounds studied, systems similar to those generally modeled. HT-ESEM was then used as the main investigation tool for the in situ study of the first stage of sintering of these compounds. The study of the morphological modifications occurring in isolated microspheres first confirmed their polycristalline character. Indeed, heat treatment led to a progressive decrease of the crystallites number included inside the grains through different mechanisms (oriented attachment, diffusion), whose activation energy was evaluated. For the systems constituted by two CeO2 or ThO2 microspheres in contact, the ESEM micrographs allowed to observe the evolution of several parameters during heat treatment, such as neck size and grain size as well as distance between the grains center. Images processing methods using custom software were then applied in order to determine the quantitative kinetic data. The mechanisms involved, such as the rearrangement of crystalline planes and the matter diffusion, and the corresponding activation energies, were also identified. Furthermore, the law of neck growth, which allows one to describe the evolution of sintering degree, was used to determine the prevailing diffusion mechanism during heat treatment. The influence of various parameters on the sintering degree was also highlighted. For example, the influence of grains polycristallinity on sintering mechanisms and kinetics was particularly investigated study by working in parallel with polycristalline and single crystal grains, then by comparing the experimental results with data coming from modeling. Finally, the methodology developed for the study of CeO2 and ThO2 was transposed to the compound of interest UO2. In this case, the data previously described were complemented by a first approach of the influence of atmosphere used during the heat treatment
Remy, Elodie. "Etude de la synthèse de sphères d'oxydes d'actinides et/ou de lanthanides et de leur aptitude à la céramisation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20194.
Full textIn the framework of research on the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, and notably projects on transmutation of americium (Am), an innovative manufacturing process of Minor Actinides Bearing Blanket (MABB) has been developed.This process, called CRMP (Calcined Resin Microsphere Pelletization), consists in the production of mixed uranium-americium oxide pellets by a non-conventional route involving microspheres. Pellets are produced by pressing and sintering oxide precursors in the form of millimetric beads obtained by mineralization of ion exchange resin loaded with uranium and americium cations. The advantage of such a process compared to conventional powder metallurgy is to overcome the problem of the handling of very fine powders.The method was first validated and optimized for the production of ceria pellets. Then uranium dioxide pellets with tailored microstructure (dense or porous) were produced in order to reach the required specifications for MABB. In a third phase, the process has been applied to the synthesis of single-phase mixed oxide microspheres composed of U1-xCexO2±δ (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) and U0;9Am0.1O2±δ. The technical feasibility of CRMP process has been validated for the production of dense mixed oxide pellets by pressing and sintering these microspheres. A U0, 9Am0,1O2±δ pellet with homogeneous microstructure with a density equals to 95 % of theoretical density was successfully produced using CRMP process
Russell, Mark Lyndon. "Studies into new solvent extraction reagents for the separation of trivalent minor actinides from trivalent lanthanides." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269659.
Full textCastro, Ludovic. "Étude théorique de la structure et de la réactivité de complexes de lanthanides et d'actinides : activation de petites molécules." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1706/.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a theoretical study of the structure and the reactivity of organometallic complexes of lanthanides and actinides at the DFT level. After a general introduction of the methods of theoretical chemistry used for the modelling of organometallic reactivity, a study of the participation of 5f electrons in uranium(IV) reactivity is presented. The results show that the large core ECP can be used safely in order to treat the actinide and so that 5f electrons can be treated implicitly. Then, the reactivity of uranium(III) complexes with CO2 and other analogous molecules is studied via multiple examples from the literature. These studies show that the steric nature of the ligands is very important and controls the reactivity. This study is then extended to samarium(II) complex. Eventually, the reactivity of a hydride complex of cerium(III) with MeOSO2Me is investigated and theoretical results are compared with experimental observations
Borrini, Julien. "Séparation actinides (III) / lanthanides (III) par filtration membranaire et par extraction liquide-liquide à l'aide de complexants hydrosolubles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911664.
Full textJobin, Émilie. "Extraction d’actinides et de lanthanides par des liquides ioniques, fonctionnalisés ou non." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6172.
Full textTwo of the main questions of this century are the increasing demand of energy and a best respect of the environment. To respond to the first one the development of the nuclear energy is considered by many countries. In this framework, the replacement of the classical volatile solvents, like dodecane used in the PUREX process, by "greener" ones must be the next step. Ionic liquids (IL) appear, through their properties (non volatility, non flammability, good radiation resistance) to be good candidates for the replacement. A great interest is then shown to this new class of solvents. This work leads to a practical and theoretical double objective: to explore some new ways for the retreatment of nuclear wastes and to understand the chemistry in ionic liquids. The presentation of this study comprises six parts: some principal properties of ionic liquids are exposed in the first chapter. Then the results of their utilisation as extraction phases are detailed in a second part. The next chapter is devoted to the experimental methods and techniques used in this study. The experimental results about three extraction systems: UO22+/TBP/IL C4mimTf2N, C10mimTf2N and Me3BuNTf2N constitute the fourth part. The mechanism of the first system in C4mimTf2N was attempted to be modelled in a fifth chapter. Finally in a last part the extraction capacities toward uranium, americium and europium of four functionalised ionic liquids were investigated. Through this thesis we show the complexity of the chemistry in ionic liquids. Indeed some new species have been observed and in many cases the mechanism of the extraction implies at least two extracted complexes. Moreover the feasibility of the replacement of classical organic solvents by ionic liquids has been proved
Belair, Sarah. "Modélisation thermodynamique de l'extraction de nitrates de lanthanides par le CMPO et par un calixarène-CMPO en milieu acide nitrique concentré : application à l'optimisation de la séparation des lanthanides et des actinides-lanthanides /." Gif-sur-Yvette : CEA Saclay, Direction des technologies de l'information, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389707639.
Full textBelair, Sarah. "Modélisation thermodynamique de l'extraction de nitrates de lanthanides par le CMPO et par un calixarène-CMPO en milieu acide nitrique concentré : application à l'optimisation de la séparation des lanthanides et des actinides/lanthanides." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066480.
Full textLing, Jie Albrecht-Schmitt Thomas E. "Hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and properties of new iodate and selenite compounds of transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides." Auburn, Ala, 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/LING_JIE_49.pdf.
Full textCORDIER, PIERRE-YVES. "Separation par extraction liquide - liquide des actinides (iii) des lanthanides (iii) par de nouvelles molecules : les picolinamides." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF21832.
Full textFukasawa, Kazuhito. "Systematic Study on the Thermodynamic Stability of Lanthanides and Actinides in Molten Alkali and Alkaline Earth Chlorides." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157576.
Full textTernova, Dariia. "Malonamide, phosphine oxide and calix[4]arene functionalized ionic liquids : synthesis and extraction of actinides and lanthanides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE041/document.
Full textRadioactive waste treatment is a crucial problem nowedays. This work was dedicated to the development of the new extracting systems for radionuclides on the basis of "green" solvents Ionic Liquids {Ils). For this purpose Ils were functionalized with various extracting patterns: phosphine oxide, carbamoyl phosphine oxide groups and malonamide fragment. Also the calix[4]arene platforms were used for the synthesis of functionalized ionic liquids (Fils) and their precursors. The Fils of both types cationic and anionic have been obtained. The synthesized Fils were tested for the liquid-liquid extraction of radionuclides. lt was found that extraction well occurs due to the extracting patterns, however a charge of a modified ion influences extraction.The various extracting experiments and mathematical modelling have been performed to determine the mechanisms of extraction. These studies showed that each extracting system is characterized by a different set of extracting equilibria, based mostly on cationic exchange
Blanchard, Evelyne. "Étude de la spéciation exhaustive des lanthanides et des actinides pour les procédés de traitement du combustible nucléaire : approche intégrée par spectrométries de masse." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS226.
Full textIn this work, analysis methods of lanthanide (Ln) comprehensive speciation, in the presence of polyaminocarboxylic acids (EDTA, DTPA) used as back extraction agents in spent nuclear fuel treatment processes, were developed by simultaneous coupling HILIC-ESIMS/ICPMS. To reduce chromatographic effluent volumes while maintaining efficient and rapid separations, the performances of columns packed with fully porous particles (FPP) and superficially porous particles (SPP) were evaluated, resulting in the selection of the sub-2-µm FPP technology. Depending on the sample composition, HILIC-ESIMS coupling may be sufficient for comprehensive speciation studies, requiring assessment of the ESIMS potential for isotopic composition measurement of elements. The isotopic ratio measurement methods of natSm complexed with EDTA were then developed with two types of ESIMS, directly introducing the sample. A deconvolution method was then developed to determine the natSm isotope ratios. The approach was validated with Sm complex enriched in 147Sm and 149Sm. The next step was to determine the Sm isotopic ratios with the simultaneous coupling, by applying several methods of transient signal processing. Quantification methods by external calibration and specific isotopic dilution were then developed with this same complex. The developments carried out with Sm may be extended to other lanthanides and actinides
Ruffray, Kévin. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de systèmes d-f hétérométalliques moléculaires et auto-assemblés." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0025/document.
Full textThe interactions between an f metal and its environment are studied in several fields (nuclear industry, electronics …). However, those phenomena are often misunderstood in a fundamental point of view. The interactions which are able to settle between d and f metals are partly studied, mainly in the field of magnetism. The charge transfer phenomena were however less studied, despite an increasing interest in numerous systems. This study intends to develop molecular systems which allow studying numerous physicochemical properties of d-4f and d-5f systems, along with their transposability towards coordination polymers systems exhibiting d and f mixed metallic nodes.On the molecular systems, studies focused on photo-induced charge transfer from a d metal to an f metal and on their electrochemical properties. In order to do this, it was necessary to develop several molecular reference systems based on Ru allowing the addition of a 4f or 5f metal. The molecular systems, Ru and mixed Ru-f element, were characterized. Comparative photo-physical and electrochemical studies, experimental and theoretical (DFT and TD-DFT), between the monometallic Ru and the Ru-4f and Ru-5f systems have been achieved.Coordination polymers systems have been broached to enlarge the comparative study of the d-f mixed systems to 3D compounds. To that end, the synthesis of systems containing a d metal, an f metal and a ditopic ligand (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, DHBQ) has been studied, the aim being the controlled integration of the d metal in a well-known 4f-DHBQ polymeric structure. These studies showed that the introduction of a d metal in this type of coordination polymers is not possible in the study conditions for kinetic reasons. However, for the same kinetic reasons, the presence of the d metal during the synthesis influences in a significant way the morphology of the 4f-DHBQ compounds, opening other perspectives to these 4f systems. Thus, it is possible to use them as hard materials precursors (oxides, carbides) whose structural and microstructural aspects are controlled via structural and morphological properties of the coordination polymer
Heller, Anne. "Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Komplexbildung von Cm(III) und Eu(III) mit organischen Modellliganden sowie ihrer chemischen Bindungsform in menschlichem Urin (in vitro)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-70475.
Full textIn case of incorporation, trivalent actinides (An(III)) and lanthanides (Ln(III)) pose a serious health risk to humans. An(III) are artificial, highly radioactive elements which are mainly produced during the nuclear fuel cycle in nuclear power plants. Via hazardous accidents or nonprofessional storage of radioactive waste, they can be released in the environment and enter the human food chain. In contrast, Ln(III) are nonradioactive, naturally occurring elements with multiple applications in technique and medicine. Consequently it is possible that humans get in contact and incorporate both, An(III) and Ln(III). Therefore, it is of particular importance to elucidate the behaviour of these elements in the human body. While macroscopic processes such as distribution, accumulation and excretion are studied quite well, knowledge about the chemical binding form (speciation) of An(III) and Ln(III) in various body fluids is still sparse. In the present work, for the first time, the speciation of Cm(III) and Eu(III) in natural human urine (in vitro) has been investigated spectroscopically and the formed complex identified. For this purpose, also basic investigations on the complex formation of Cm(III) and Eu(III) in synthetic model urine as well as with the urinary relevant, organic model ligands urea, alanine, phenylalanine, threonine and citrate have been performed and the previously unknown complex stability constants determined. Finally, all experimental results were compared to literature data and predictions calculated by thermodynamic modelling. Since both, Cm(III) and Eu(III), exhibit unique luminescence properties, particularly the suitability of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) could be demonstrated as a method to investigate these metal ions in untreated, complex biofluids. The results of this work provide new scientific findings on the biochemical reactions of An(III) and Ln(III) in human body fluids on a molecular scale and contribute to a better understanding of the known macroscopic effects of these elements. Furthermore, they are the basis of subsequent in vivo investigations
Matloka, Kornelia K. "Synthetic development of C₃-symmetric triphenoxymethane based reagents for the selective recognition and sequestration of lanthanides and actinides." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013811.
Full textReiller, Pascal. "Utilisation des milieux disperses pour la determination des lanthanides et des actinides dans les eaux naturelles : application a l'uranium." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066462.
Full textFinne, Jörgen. "Chimie des mélanges de sels fondus : application à l'extraction réductrice d' actinides et de lanthanides par un métal liquide." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066296.
Full textHandschuh, Alan. "Synthèse des carbures d’U-Pu : influence des précurseurs et mécanismes réactionnels de la carbothermie de systèmes lanthanides et actinides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10194.
Full textAs part of Generation IV programs, and particularly for the Gas Fast Reactor (GFR) and the Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR), the uranium-plutonium mixed carbide (U,Pu)C1+x is considered as a fuel candidate due to its good thermal properties (especially thermal conductivity end melting point) and its high metal atom density. The carbothermic reduction of a mixture of uranium oxide, UO2, and plutonium oxide, PuO2, under vacuum or under argon by the reaction UO2 + PuO2 + (3+x)C —vacuum/argon→ (U,Pu)C1+x + 2CO is the usual process for the synthesis of this mixed carbide. However, in order to meet new specifications needed for future irradiation tests, the study of the mechanisms of the carbothermic reduction is required. Particularly, (i) a better understanding of the formation of carbide phases (monocarbide MC, sesquicarbide M2C3 with M = (U,Pu) and dicarbide UC2 (only observed for carbothermic reduction of UO2)) has to be achieved and (ii) the volatilisation of plutonium species has to be minimized. The present document describes (i) a qualitative method, based mainly on XRD analyses, to determine the mechanism of mixed carbides (Ln2C3 – LnC2) formation by carbothermic reduction of co-milling oxides (CeO2 and Nd2O3 used as surrogates of actinides oxides) and (ii) a quantitative method based on the resolution of conservation of mass equations to determine the detailed mechanisms of mixed carbides (AnC – An2C3) synthesis by carbothermic reduction of co-milling oxides (UO2 and PuO2). Then, to reduce the volatilisation of plutonium during carbothermic step, the use of mixed oxide (U,Pu)O2 obtained by oxalic co-precipitation was foreseen. Furthermore, some new precursors, synthesized by oxalic co-precipitation process, were considered to (i) simplify the synthesis of mixed carbides and (ii) increase the homogeneity of carbon and oxide powder (U,Pu)O2 with the goal of boosting the kinetic and/or reducing the temperature of carbothermic reduction
Huguet, Anne. "Un nouveau concept de séparation actinides-lanthanides en milieu sel fondu : mise en oeuvre d'une cathode liquide à surface renouvelée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539606.
Full textKarmazin, Lydia. "Chimie de coordination des éléments F avec des ligands donneurs mous : application à la séparation sélective actinides(III)/lanthanides(III)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10009.
Full textFrançois, Nathalie. "Vers une interprétation des mécanismes de la séparation actinides (III) / Lanthanides (III) par extraction liquide-liquide synergique impliquant des ligands polyazotés." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10186.
Full textBisson, Julia. "Synthèse de nouvelles molécules polyfonctionnelles pour la séparation groupée des actinides : influence de la structure sur leurs propriétés complexantes et extractantes." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2051.
Full textThe aim of this project is to design and study new extractants for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. To decrease the long-term radiotoxicity of the waste, the GANEX process is an option to homogenously recycle actinides. All actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm) would be extracted together from a highly acidic media and separated from fission products (especially from lanthanides). In this context, fourteen new bitopic ligands constituted of a nitrogen polyaromatic unit from the dipyridyl-phenanthroline and dipyridyl-1,3,5-triazine families and functionnalized by amid groups were synthesized. Extraction studies performed with some of these ligands confirmed their interest to selectively separate actinides at different oxidation states from an aqueous solution 3M HNO3. To determine the influence of ligands’structure on cation complexation, a study in a homogenous media (MeOH/H2O) has been carried out. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry have been used to characterize the complexes stoichiometries formed with several cations (Eu3+, Nd3+, Am3+, Pu4+ and NpO2+). Stability constants, evaluated by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, confirm the selectivity of these ligands toward actinides. Lanthanides and actinides complexes have also been characterized in the solid state by infra-red spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Associated to nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and DFT calculations (Density Functional Theory), a better knowledge of their coordination mode was achieved
Ellart, Marine. "Nouveaux peroxydes d’uranyle et peroxydes mixtes, précurseurs d’oxydes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10113/document.
Full textIn order to improve nuclear energy industry sustainability, future research needs to focus on the use of co-management of actinides and their co-conversion. The synthesis of uranium/plutonium mixed oxide by oxalic approach is currently the preferred method. Nevertheless the use of mixed peroxides, like precursors of mixed oxides, is considered as an alternative pathway.In fact, the recent advances on several uranyl peroxides or pero-oxalates nano-clusters stabilized by mono-, di- or tri-valent cations has permitted to investigate the formation of mixed peroxides. This study aims to investigate the formation of mixed uranium (VI) and lanthanide (III) peroxides leading to the formation of uranium-lanthanide mixed oxides, by heat treatment. Lanthanide (III) are used as actinides (III) analogs. The study of the UO22+/NH4+/O22-/C2O42- system allowed us to (i) refine the domains of existence of uranyl and ammonium peroxide and peroxo-oxalates as a function of reactive concentrations or pH (ii) obtain twelve news crystalline phases. At pH 9 and above, amorphous phases precipitated and after neodymium (III) exchange and calcination, led to the formation of mixed oxides. Mixed oxides can thus incorporate from 20 to 30% of neodymium. Finally the use of non thermically labile cations permits the formation of new U-Ca or U-Rb phases
Vercouter, Thomas. "Complexes aqueux de lanthanides (III) et actinides (III) avec les ions carbonate et sulfate. Etude thermodynamique par spectrofluorimétrie laser résolue en temps et spectrométrie de masse à ionisation électrospray." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0003.
Full textThe prediction of the environmental impact of a possible geological disposal of radioactive wastes is supported by the thermodynamic modelling of the radionuclides behaviour in the groundwater. In this framework, the analogy between lanthanides and actinides(III) is confirmed by a critical analysis of the literature and the comparison with experimental results obtained here. The limiting complex, Eu(CO3)33‑, is identified by solubility measurements in Na2CO3 solutions. Then the formation constants of the complexes Eu(CO3)i3‑2i (i = 1-3) and Eu(SO4)i3‑2i (i = 1-2) are measured by TRLFS. The formation of aqueous LaSO4+ is studied by ESI-MS and is in good agreement with the expected speciation. The enthalpy and entropy of the reaction Cm(CO3)2‑ + CO32‑ = Cm(CO3)33‑ are deduced from TRLFS measurements of the equilibrium constant between 10 and 70°C. The ionic strength effect is calculated using the SIT formula
Gasnier, Estelle. "Etude structurale et propriétés des verres peralumineux de conditionnement des produits de fission et actinides mineurs"." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965076.
Full textRIVIERE, CHRISTELLE. "Etude de la selectivite de molecules extractantes polyazotees dans la complexation des actinides (iii) et des lanthanides (iii) en solution dans la pyridine anhydre." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112188.
Full textHazebroucq, Sandrine. "Etude ab initio de la salvatation d'éléments lourds en milieu sels fondus." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066143.
Full textMorée, Jean-Baptiste. "Calcul ab initio de l'interaction effective entre électrons f pour les lanthanides et les oxydes d'actinides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS520/document.
Full textStrongly correlated electron systems are particularly interesting for ab initio calculus, which aims to model these systems from first principles. Density functional theory, improved by taking into account local correlations within DFT+U or DFT+DMFT, enables to reproduce qualitatively the physics of these systems. Nonetheless, these methods require the Hubbard and Hund effective interaction parameters U and J. These can be computed from first principles as well, within the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA), paving the way for numerical schemes as predictive as possible. Here, we use a DFT+U/cRPA scheme, which aims to compute self-consistently the U and J parameters with cRPA and the DFT+U electronic structure. We apply this scheme to lanthanides from cerium to lutetium (insisting on cerium and its gamma and alpha phases), and dioxides of actinides from uranium to curium. We study the DFT+U ground state in function of U, giving more details about the influence of metastable states. We study as well the influence of the localization of correlated orbitals on the effective interaction in a particular case. We then detail the values of U obtained with cRPA, in function of those used for the DFT+U calculation. We study more particularly the effects of screening processes on the obtained values of U. We show that the limitations of the scheme (multiplicity of self-consistent values of U and/or their incompatibility with experimental photoemission spectra) are caused by specific screening processes. This suggests to improve the description of these screening processes by modifying the model
Perna, Lorenzo. "Chromatographic separations for fission products and actinides determination by different analytical techniques: mass spectrometry and radiometry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6433.
Full textIn this Ph.D. thesis, different kinds of phases for liquid chromatography have been tested to achieve the separation of the interfering elements and isotopes before the mass spectrometry and -spectrometry measurements. UTEVA and TEVA extraction resin (Eichrom Industries, USA) have been packed in chromatographic column as stationary phases and used for the separation of tri, tetra and hexavalent actinides and for the separation of trivalent lanthanides (La-Eu) and actinides, respectively. IonPac CS5A and CS10 (Dionex, Sunnyvale, USA) ion chromatography column were used for the simultaneous separation of actinide and lanthanides elements and for the actinides separation. The columns were coupled on-line to an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) to solve isobaric interferences between actinide and lanthanide elements and off-line to a -spectrometer to solve the energy interferences between the analytes. Moreover, an investigation on the use of the UTEVA resin and IonPac Trace Cation Concentrator II column (TCC-II from Dionex, Sunnyvale, USA) as preconcentrator columns for actinide and lanthanide elements has been carried-out.
The analytical measurements have been made by mass spectrometric as well as by radiometric techniques. ICP-MS has been used for the characterization of spent nuclear fuels in terms of actinides and lanthanides content and burn-up calculation as well as for the determination of the long-lived actinides and lanthanides in environmental samples. - and -spectrometry have been used for 241Am determination in sediments and soils samples. -spectrometry and Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) have been used to analyze the eluted fractions from on-batch experiments.
The results obtained with the analytical procedures developed, for spent nuclear fuel solutions as well as for environmental samples, were always compared to those obtained by other independent techniques and good agreements have been always achieved.
Jardinier, Elsa. "Co-intégration de fonctions optiques et microfluidiques sur substrat de verre pour l'analyse en milieu hostile." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT107/document.
Full textThe current will of reducing environment and human hazards has led the scientists to imagine new solutions for nuclear waste reprocessing. Miniaturized online chemical analysis of industrial processes has in particular an important role to play to reduce effluent volumes, response times and costs. In this context, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of an integrated spectrophotometric sensor on glass for chemical analysis of radioactive cations. The device is called a ―nanochannel waveguide‖ and is fabricated by reactive ion etching and ion exchange on glass. It is made of two borosilicate glass wafers bonded together. The first one contains a strip core and the second one a (100 ±10) nm deep nanochannel and a slab core. It allows the propagation of a hybrid mode, optimizing the fluid/guide wave interaction on a large wavelength range. Spectrometric measurements of a neodymium nitrate in nitric acid (pH 2) followed by statistical treatment have led to a limit of detection in terms of absorption coefficient of (3.7 ± 0.9) x 10-3 cm-1 for a device length of (3.70 ± 0.05) cm and fluid volume as low as (7 ± 3) nL. A structure allowing to increase the interaction length and therefore further decrease the detection limit has been proposed as an outlook of this work, and a preliminary study for use in a nuclear environment has been performed