Relevant bibliographies by topics / Large animal clinic

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Large animal clinic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Large animal clinic"

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Weese, J. Scott, Henri R. Staempfli, and John F. Prescott. "Isolation of Environmental Clostridium Difficile from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (2000): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200510.

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An environmental survey of a veterinary teaching hospital for the presence of Clostridium difficile was performed using contact plates and cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose with 0.1% sodium taurocholate agar. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 24 of 381 sites (6.3%). Growth was obtained from 4.5% (9/202) of sites sampled in the Large Animal Clinic, from 8.1% (13/160) of sites within the Small Animal Clinic, and from 20% (2/10) of sites sampled elsewhere. Fourteen of 21 strains tested produced toxins in vitro. A geographic association was found with areas in the large animal clinic where nosocomial C. difficile diarrhea in horses had previously been diagnosed. Several other sites with a potential for nosocomial transmission of the organism were identified. Areas from which C. difficile was isolated tended to be areas with high animal traffic, with increased chance of fecal contamination, and with rough, difficult to clean surfaces. This study documents the prevalence of this organism in the environment and its potential role in nosocomial disease.
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Oberholtzer, Jennifer A., and Erik H. Hofmeister. "Perception of small animal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of owners presenting to a small animal teaching clinic including a large first opinion service." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 30, no. 4 (2020): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vec.12975.

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Hollister, S. J., M. B. Wheeler, S. E. Feinberg, and W. L. Murphy. "THE IMPORTANCE OF LARGE ANIMAL MODELS FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab249.

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The translation of bone tissue engineering (BTE) research to clinical use has been absymal1. Outside of bone void filler biomaterials, only Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) has made significant inroads to clinical practice, and even BMP2 use has been associated with significant complications including death, dysphagia, and ectopic bone formation. The dearth of BTE products can be attributed to two main causes: (1) the need to develop BTE systems, that successfully integrate scaffolds, growth factors like BMP2 and cells and (2) the need to adapt and implement such systems for a wide variety of clinical indications in CranioMaxilloFacial (CMF), Spine and Orthopedic Surgery. Of course, to fully develop BTE systems (Issue 1) and adapt them to realistic clinical indications, we must be able to test such systems in bone defects that are as close to the human situation as possible. Thus, the use of domestic large animals for bone tissue engineering is critical, as these animals provide challenges in both defect volume and functional loading that can mimic the human situation. In addition, FDA approval for BTE products either through a 510K or IDE/IND/PMA pathway requires the use of a large pre-clinical animal model. However, despite this need, only approximately 60 large animal bone tissue-engineering studies have been published in the past 10 years. Furthermore, NIH has funded only 8% of these studies, and of the 17 bone tissue engineering studies supported by NIH in 2010, only three utilized a large animal model, and none of these used an animal larger than a rabbit. Clearly, increased translation and regulatory approval of BTE therapies will require greater testing in large animal models. We will discuss the current dearth of relevant pre-clinical studies in BTE, and present our work addressing these issues by developing BTE systems (integrated scaffold, growth factor and stem-cell constructs) and testing these systems for realistic clinical applications using the Yorkshire and other swine species as a large pre-clinical animal model. We will detail our work in developing BTE systems for CMF reconstruction and spine fusion in the swine model. Reference Hollister S. J. and Murphy W. L. Scaffold translation: barriers between concept and clinic. Tissue Eng. B. (in press).
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Uiterwijk, Marcelle, Annemijn Vis, Iris de Brouwer, Debora van Urk, and Jolanda Kluin. "A systematic evaluation on reporting quality of modern studies on pulmonary heart valve implantation in large animals." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 31, no. 4 (2020): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa132.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES Before new heart valves can be implanted safely in humans, animal experiments have to be performed. These animal experiments have to be clearly designed, analysed and reported to assess the accuracy and importance of the findings. We aimed to provide an overview of the reporting and methodological quality of preclinical heart valve research. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search on biological and mechanical pulmonary valve implantations in large animals. We used the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines to score the quality of reporting in each article. We compared the scores before and after the introduction of the ARRIVE guidelines (2010). RESULTS We screened 348 articles, of which 31 articles were included. The included articles reported a mean of 54.7% adequately scored ARRIVE items (95% confidence interval 52.2–57.3%). We did not identify a difference in reporting quality (54.7% vs 54.8%) between articles published before and after 2010. We found an unclear (lack of description) risk of selection bias, performance bias and detection bias. CONCLUSIONS The reporting quality of studies that implanted bioprosthetic or mechanical valves in the pulmonary position in the large animal model is not on the desired level. The introduction of the ARRIVE guidelines in 2010 did not improve the reporting quality in this field of research. Hereby, we want to emphasize the importance of clearly describing the methods and transparently reporting the results in animal experiments. This is of great importance for the safe translation of new heart valves to the clinic. Clinical trial registration number PROSPERO (CRD42019147895).
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Zhou, Jiyin, Zuo Zhang, Hongli Zhou, and Guisheng Qian. "Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction: From Bench to Clinic." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 19 (2020): 3151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190206225635.

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Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing cognitive dysfunction in the elderly in the form of short-term memory and executive function impairment. Genetic and diet-induced models of type 2 diabetes further support this link, displaying deficits in working memory, learning, and memory performance. The risk factors for diabetic cognitive dysfunction include vascular disease, hypoglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, adiposity, insulin resistance, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors. Using neuronal imaging technologies, diabetic patients with cognitive dysfunction show atrophy of the whole brain, particularly the grey matter, hippocampus and amygdala; increased volume of the ventricular and white matter; brain infarcts; impaired network integrity; abnormal microstructure; and reduced cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with cognitive dysfunction involves hyperglycaemia, macrovascular and microvascular diseases, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis, and disorders of neurotransmitters. Large clinical trials may offer further proof of biomarkers and risk factors for diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Advanced neuronal imaging technologies and novel disease animal models will assist in elucidating the precise pathogenesis and to provide better therapeutic interventions and treatment.
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Daly, Chris, Peter Ghosh, Graham Jenkin, David Oehme, and Tony Goldschlager. "A Review of Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Regeneration, and Translation to the Clinic." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5952165.

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Lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Discogenic pain secondary to intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant cause of low back pain. Disc degeneration is a complex multifactorial process. Animal models are essential to furthering understanding of the degenerative process and testing potential therapies. The adult human lumbar intervertebral disc is characterized by the loss of notochordal cells, relatively large size, essentially avascular nature, and exposure to biomechanical stresses influenced by bipedalism. Animal models are compared with regard to the above characteristics. Numerous methods of inducing disc degeneration are reported. Broadly these can be considered under the categories of spontaneous degeneration, mechanical and structural models. The purpose of such animal models is to further our understanding and, ultimately, improve treatment of disc degeneration. The role of animal models of disc degeneration in translational research leading to clinical trials of novel cellular therapies is explored.
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Siemionow, Maria, and Aleksandra Klimczak. "Chimerism-Based Experimental Models for Tolerance Induction in Vascularized Composite Allografts: Cleveland Clinic Research Experience." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/831410.

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The preclinical experimental models of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) have been rapidly developed for the assessment of immunomodulatory protocols for clinical application. Recently, researchers have focused on immunomodulatory protocols which overcome the immunologic barrier between the allogeneic donor and recipient and may lead to tolerance induction. In order to test the feasibility of chimerism induction, experimental VCAs have been performed in different models including rodents, large animals, and nonhuman primates. These models differ in the complexity of transplanted tissue and in their responses to immunomodulatory protocols. In most applications, VCA contains multiple-tissue components; however, each individual component of CTA possesses unique immunologic characteristics that ultimately contribute to the chimerism induction and successful outcome of the VCA. Heterogenic character and complexity of tissue components in different VCA models determine the quality and robustness of donor-specific chimerism. As introduced in experimental studies, variable immunomodulatory options have been studied to achieve tolerance to VCA in rodents and large animal models allowing for widespread application in clinic. In this paper, based on our own experience, we have analyzed the current knowledge of tolerance-inducing strategies via chimerism induction in VCA experimental models in the context of immunomodulatory protocols and VCA complexity and their relevance and applicability to clinical practice.
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Ding, Hao, Andras Nagy, David H. Gutmann, and Abhijit Guha. "A review of astrocytoma models." Neurosurgical Focus 8, no. 4 (2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2000.8.4.2.

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Despite tremendous technical improvements in neuroimaging and neurosurgery, the prognosis for patients with malignant astrocytoma remains devastating because of the underlying biology and growth characteristics of the tumor. However, our understanding of the molecular bases of these tumors has greatly increased due to study findings involving operative specimens, astrocytoma predisposing human syndromes, teratogen-induced animal and established human astrocytoma cell lines, and more recently transgenic mouse models. Appropriate small-animal models of spontaneously occurring astrocytomas, which replicate the growth and molecular characteristics found in human tumors, are essential to test the relevance and interactions of these molecular aberrations. In addition, it is hoped that relevant molecular targets will eventually be therapeutically exploited to improve patient outcomes. Appropriate animal models are also essential for testing these novel biological therapies, before they are brought to the clinic, requiring a large investment of time and money. In this paper, various astrocytoma models are discussed, with emphasis on transgenic mouse models that are of great interest to laboratory investigators.
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Kamilah, Santi Nurul, and Dwi Ayu Wulandari. "JENIS-JENIS PARASIT INTERNAL PADA FESES SAPI (Bos sp.) DI DESA LEMPUING KOTA BENGKULU." Konservasi Hayati 15, no. 1 (2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/hayati.v1i1.10944.

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Cows are one of the ruminant animals which have high economic value because they have various needs for human life. In Bengkulu many cattle farms are found, but this is not free from parasitic infections which have special disadvantages on very large cattle. The purpose of this study was to identification the types of parasites found in cow feces in the village of Lempuing Bengkulu. The research was conducted on 2 July-2 August 2018 at the UPTD Laboratory and Bengkulu Animal Health Clinic using three methods: the native method, the sedimentation method and the mammalian faecal sedimentation method with 3 faecal samples. In the nativemethod no parasites were found containing worm eggs. In the method of sedimentation of cow feces (Bos sp.) obtained positive results of parasites containing worm eggs of Ascaris sp., Schistosoma sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. In the mammalian faecal sedimentation method, the presence of parasitic worm eggs Fasciola sp. and Paramphistomum sp.
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Lo Monaco, Melissa, Greet Merckx, Jessica Ratajczak, et al. "Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Studies and Insights in Translational Animal Models and Outcome Measures." Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9079538.

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Due to the restricted intrinsic capacity of resident chondrocytes to regenerate the lost cartilage postinjury, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair. Moreover, stem cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used successfully in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these promising reports, the exact mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cartilage repair remain uncertain. Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair via chondrogenic differentiation, via immunomodulation, or by the production of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles. But before novel cell-based therapies for cartilage repair can be introduced into the clinic, rigorous testing in preclinical animal models is required. Preclinical models used in regenerative cartilage studies include murine, lapine, caprine, ovine, porcine, canine, and equine models, each associated with its specific advantages and limitations. This review presents a summary of recentin vitrodata and fromin vivopreclinical studies justifying the use of MSCs and iPSCs in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing small and large animals will be discussed, while also describing suitable outcome measures for evaluating cartilage repair.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Large animal clinic"

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Neto, Ana Isabel Ferreira. "Clínica e cirurgia de espécies pecuárias." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26058.

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O presente relatório de estágio foi elaborado no âmbito do Estágio Curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora. A primeira parte relata as atividades acompanhadas ao longo do estágio na área da medicina preventiva, controlo reprodutivo, patologia médica e patologia cirúrgica na sociedade veterinária Socivete, Lda. desde 1 de setembro de 2018 a 28 de fevereiro de 2019. A segunda componente do relatório é constituída por uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema “anaplasmose bovina”, seguindo-se a descrição e discussão de um caso clínico acompanhado no decorrer do estágio. A anaplasmose bovina é uma doença infeciosa, mas não contagiosa, cujo agente etiológico é o Anaplasma marginale, uma bactéria gram-negativa intra-eritrocitária obrigatória. É uma doença que provoca um grande impacto económico, tanto a nível de perdas devido à mortalidade e produtividade, assim como os custos para a aplicação de medidas terapêuticas e preventivas; Abstract: Large animal clinic and surgery This internship report was prepared within the scope of the Curricular Internship of the Integrated Masters in Veterinary Medicine of the University of Évora. The first part decribes on the activities followed during the training in the area of preventive medicine, reproductive control, medical pathology and surgical pathology in the veterinary clinic Socivete, Lda. from September 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. The second part of the report consists in a brief bibliographic review of bovine anaplasmosis, and the presentation and discussion of a clinical case assisted during the internship. Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious but non-contagious disease, the etiological agent of which is Anaplasma marginale, an obligatory intra-erythrocyte gram-negative bacterium. It is a disease that causes a great economic impact, both in terms of losses due to mortality and productivity, as well as costs for the application of therapeutic and preventive measures.
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Saleh, Muhammad G. "Methods and adaptations required to perform small-animal MRI scanning using a large bore clinical MRI." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22098.

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Small-animal imaging has been widely implemented to study succession of disease, therapeutic treatments and the effects of environmental insults. The gold standard noninvasive technique for following progression of heart failure in small-animal models is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this project was to adapt a clinical MRI system to perform small-animal cardiac MRI. The first part of the thesis describes the adaptations required, which included design and construction of a small-animal radiofrequency (RF) coil, physical support (cradle), a core body temperature regulation system, and optimization of pulse sequences. The system was validated using a phantom and in-vivo in 5 healthy rats. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the phantom was 91% higher using the small-animal coil compared to the standard head coil. SNRs of 7 ± 2 and 18.9 ± 0.6 were achieved in myocardium and blood, respectively, in healthy rats and MR left ventricular mass (LVM) was highly correlated with (r=0.87) with post-mortem mass. In the second part of the study, left ventricular remodeling (LVR) was investigated in a nonreperfused model of myocardial infarction (MI) in 5 sham and 7 infarcted rats. Rats were scanned at 2 and 4 weeks post surgery to allow for global and regional functional and structural analyses of the heart. Images were of sufficient quality to enable semi-automatic segmentation using Segment. Significant increase in end-systolic volume (ESV) was observed in MI rats at 2 weeks post surgery. At 4 weeks post surgery, end-diastolic volume (EDV) and ESV of MI rats were significantly higher than in sham rats. Ejection fraction (EF) of MI rats dropped significantly at 2 weeks and a further significant drop was observed at 4 weeks indicating contractile dysfunction. Wall thickness (WTh) analyses in MI rats at 4 weeks revealed significant reduction in end-diastolic (ED) wall thickness in the anterior region due to necrosis of myocytes. In the posterior region, WTh was significantly higher due to LV hypertrophy. At end-systole (ES), the MI rats revealed significant decrease in WTh in the anterior and lateral regions. MI rats suffered reduction in systolic wall thickening in all regions of the heart, indicating global contractile dysfunction.
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Derwall, Matthias, Anne Brücken, Christian Bleilevens, et al. "Doubling survival and improving clinical outcomes using a left ventricular assist device instead of chest compressions for resuscitation after prolonged cardiac arrest: a large animal study." BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610308.

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INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in pre-hospital and post-arrest critical care, sudden cardiac arrest (CA) remains one of the leading causes of death. Improving circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may improve survival rates and long-term clinical outcomes after CA. METHODS: In a porcine model, we compared standard CPR (sCPR; n =10) with CPR using an intravascular cardiac assist device without additional chest compressions (iCPR; n =10) following 10 minutes of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). In a separate crossover experiment, 10 additional pigs were subjected to 10 minutes of VF and 6 minutes of sCPR; the iCPR device was then implanted if a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was not achieved using sCPR. Animals were evaluated in respect to intra- and post-arrest hemodynamics, survival, functional outcome and cerebral and myocardial lesions following CPR. We hypothesized that iCPR would result in more frequent ROSC and better functional recovery than sCPR. RESULTS: iCPR produced a mean flow of 1.36 ± 0.02 L/min, leading to significantly higher coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) values during the early period of CPR (22 ± 10 mmHg vs. 9 ± 5 mmHg, P ≤0.01, 1 minute after start of CPR; 20 ± 11 mmHg vs. 10 ± 7 mmHg, P =0.03, 2 minutes after start of CPR), resulting in high ROSC rates (100% in iCPR vs. 50% in sCPR animals; P =0.03). iCPR animals showed significantly lower serum S100 levels at 10 and 30 minutes following ROSC (3.5 ± 0.6 ng/ml vs. 7.4 ± 3.0 ng/ml 30 minutes after ROSC; P ≤0.01), as well as superior clinical outcomes based on overall performance categories (2.9 ± 1.0 vs. 4.6 ± 0.8 on day 1; P ≤0.01). In crossover experiments, 80% of animals required treatment with iCPR after failed sCPR. Notably, ROSC was still achieved in six of the remaining eight animals (75%) after a total of 22.8 ± 5.1 minutes of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: In a model of prolonged cardiac arrest, the use of iCPR instead of sCPR improved CPP and doubled ROSC rates, translating into improved clinical outcomes.
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Books on the topic "Large animal clinic"

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Alderson-Smith, Lynn. Estimated gross annual income necessary for two veterinarians to design, construct and operate a large & small animal clinic. s.n., 1986.

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Large animal clinical procedures for veterinary technicians. Elsevier Mosby, 2006.

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A, Hanie Elizabeth, ed. Large animal clinical procedures for veterinary technicians. 2nd ed. Elsevier/Mosby, 2012.

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Susanna, Bosted, ed. Veterinary clinical procedures in large animal practice. Thomson Delmar Learning, 2007.

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Constantinescu, Gheorghe M. Clinical dissection guide for large animals: Horse and large ruminants. 2nd ed. Iowa State Press, 2003.

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Clinical dissection guide for large animals: Horse, ox, sheep, goat, pig. Mosby Year Book, 1991.

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W, Sweeney Raymond, ed. Mosby's review for the clinical competency test. Mosby, 1997.

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M, Naylor Jonathan, and Ralston Sarah L, eds. Large animal clinical nutrition. Mosby Year Book, 1991.

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Hanie, Elizabeth A. Large Animal Clinical Procedures for Veterinary Technicians. Mosby, 2005.

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Large Animal Clinical Procedures for Veterinary Technicians. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Large animal clinic"

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Nandal, Anjali, and Bhanu Prakash V. L. Telugu. "Large Animal Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as Models of Human Diseases." In Stem Cells in Animal Species: From Pre-clinic to Biodiversity. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03572-7_3.

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Wensing, Th. "Lipid Metabolism in Large Animals." In Clinical Chemistry. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0753-2_82.

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Klima, G., G. Kreismayr, D. Müller, et al. "Process Development for the Large Scale Production of Clinical Grade Human Monoclonal Antibody Using a Cytopilot Fluidized Bed Reactor." In Animal Cell Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5404-8_71.

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Kusche, Jürgen, Rudolf Menningen, Lothar Leisten, and Bernhard Krakamp. "Large Bowel Tumor Promotion by Diamine Oxidase Inhibition: Animal Model and Clinical Aspects." In Progress in Polyamine Research. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5637-0_66.

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Hostetter, Shannon Jones, and Claire B. Andreasen. "LARGE ANIMAL HEMATOLOGY." In Veterinary Clinical Pathology Secrets. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-56053-633-8.50009-7.

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Stämpfli, Henry, and Olimpo Oliver-Espinosa. "Clinical Chemistry Tests." In Large Animal Internal Medicine. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00022-7.

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House, John K., Alison A. Gunn, Gemma Chuck, and Munashe Chigerwe. "Initial Management and Clinical Investigation of Neonatal Ruminants." In Large Animal Internal Medicine. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00019-7.

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de Lahunta, Alexander, and Eric Glass. "Large Animal Spinal Cord Disease." In Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7216-6706-5.00011-1.

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de Lahunta, Alexander, Eric Glass, and Marc Kent. "Large Animal Spinal Cord Disease." In de Lahunta's Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-69611-1.00011-6.

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RAWLINGS, NORMAN C., and PAWEL M. BARTLEWSKI. "Clinical Reproductive Physiology of Ewes." In Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-072169323-1.50090-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Large animal clinic"

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Wagoner Johnson, Amy J., Lucas McInstosh, and Jackie M. Cordell. "Bone Geometry in Periodic Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Has Little Influence on Effective Elastic Properties." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193229.

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The development of bone replacement materials for large and load-bearing defects and their translation to the clinic will require extensive characterization of the mechanical properties of the scaffold/bone composites after implantation. Numerous of challenges are associated with such characterization of these types of composite. In particular, the need for large animal models, the associated cost, and the removal of the scaffolds from host bone for mechanical testing are some of the more difficult challenges to overcome. The ability to accurately predict the mechanical properties of scaffold/bone composites will lead to significant advances in the area of bone tissue engineering. Properties for periodic materials have been accurately modeled modeled using representative volume elements (RVE) [1]. The hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in this study have a periodic lattice structure, making the use of an RVE appropriate for modeling effective properties. However, the choice of an appropriate RVE and geometry to represent the bone in the composite is less clear.
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Juhan-Vague, I., J. M. Stassen, M. C. Alessi, L. Kieckens, and D. Collen. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HEPARINS ON THROMBOLYSIS WITH t-PA AND scu-PA IN RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643792.

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Infusion of heparin or low-Mr heparin fractions in animals with experimental thrombosis or in patients with thromboembolic disease may result in a significant reduction of the thrombus size, without being associated with measurable changes in the blood fibrinolytic parameters.We measured the effect of clinical grade heparin (Hep) and of two low-Mr heparin fragments (CY216 and CY222 from Choay, Paris, France) on thrombolysis with t-PA and with scu-PA in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model (Collen et al., J. Clin. Invest. 71, 368, 1983). After thrombus formation, t-PA (0.25 mg/kg) or scu-PA (0.5 mg/kg) were infused over 4 hours. The heparins were administered at hourly intervals at the start and during the infusion as bolus injections of the following amounts (expressed in anti-Xa units): Hep: 70 (A) or 200 (B); CY216: 30 (A) or 90 (B); CY222: 50 (A) or 150 (B). Results were (mean ± SEM): It is concluded that at sufficiently high doses, heparin and to a larger extent the two low-Mr heparin fractions CY216 and CY222, potentiate thrombolysis by rt-PA and scu-PA in this animal model of thrombosis.
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Gioux, Sylvain, and John V. Frangioni. "A low-cost universal cumulative gating circuit for small and large animal clinical imaging." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2008, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh, Warren S. Grundfest, David A. Benaron, and Gerald E. Cohn. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.779207.

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Berry, Joel L., and Saami K. Yazdani. "Stent Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation: An In Vitro System for Rapid Evaluation." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176798.

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The clinical efficacy of vascular stents is evaluated through long and expensive trials. Pre-clinical studies, where stents are tested in animal models, further contribute to the expense of bringing new devices to market. The purpose of pre-clinical studies is to assess stent induced thrombus formation, inflammatory response, neointimal hyperplasia, and late thromobosis. Whether the trial is pre-clinical or clinical, the biologic responses to stents are, in large part, due to the surface and structural characteristics of the stent being tested.
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Aghabaglou, Fariba, Keely Buesing, Nathan D. Legband, et al. "Preliminary Investigation of the Mechanics of a Novel Thoracic Cavity Extra Pulmonary Oxygenation Device." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6908.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) arising from trauma, sepsis, pneumonia or other diseases has been acknowledged to be a major clinical problem in respiratory medicine. Hypoxia and hypercapnia arising from ARDS are life-threating particularly in children and elderly people. The reported mortality rate for ARDS is high. Current methods for treating patients who have limited or no lung function are ineffective or insufficient and present additional risks to the patients. In this research, we have explored new methods of infusing phospholipid-coated oxygen microbubbles (OMBs) to the thoracic cavity in order to oxygenate patients suffering from ARDS and hypoxemia. In our previous work, OMBs have been shown to be effective in treating hypoxia in models of LPS lung injury and lung trauma in rats and rabbits. In this study, we have developed a novel thoracic cavity extrapulmonary oxygenation devices using OMBs and test this device in a benchtop test and in vivo experiment on a large animal (pig) right pneumothorax injury model.
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Squires, Alexander, John Oshinski, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse. "Instrument Guidance System for MRI-Guided Percutaneous Spinal Interventions." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3400.

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In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), neurons controlling voluntary muscles die, resulting in muscle weakness. Small animal studies have shown that neurons experience some regeneration when stem cells are injected into the ventral horn of the spinal cord [1]. These results led to large animal and human trials investigating the effects of injecting stem cells into the spinal cord. Direct injection is used for delivering cells as cells do not have to migrate to the therapy site and visual confirmation is possible [2]. This requires a multi-level laminectomy as well as dissection of the dura mater to expose the cell delivery site. In order to adopt this ALS treatment in regular clinical workflow, a minimally invasive alternative for spinal cord cell therapy is desirable. Image-guided needle targeting and positioning systems have been developed by numerous groups which use computed tomography or ultrasound for image guidance. However, MRI must be used for this ALS study because it is the only imaging system capable of visualizing the necessary anatomical locations for delivering cellular therapeutics to the spinal cord; the cell therapy target is the gray matter within the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and only MRI can detect the contrast between gray and white matter. Innomotion and NeuroArm have been used for MRI-guided interventions [3, 4] but they are complex, take a long time to set up, and take up a great deal of space in the MRI bore. An initial solution by our research group provided targeting solutions using an adjustable template on the spine, but was manually adjusted, targeted solely on a grid, and lacked a second rotation axis[5]. The presented device, SpinoBot, percutaneously directs therapeutics under MRI guidance into the spinal cord, allowing accurate and minimally invasive spinal therapies. This study examines the accuracy and workflow of MRI-guided cellular therapeutics injections using SpinoBot, a targeting and injection needle guidance system.
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Al-Rawi, M. A., and A. M. Al-Jumaily. "Acoustics and Computational Models for Diagnosing Arterial Blockages." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63316.

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Arterial blockages can occur in small or large arteries for a variety of reasons, such as obesity, stress, smoking and high cholesterol. This paper presents a feasibility study on a novel method to detect the behaviour of the blood pressure wave propagation for arteries in both healthy and diseased conditions in order to develop a relatively inexpensive method for early detection of arterial disease. The trend of this behaviour is correlated to the early development of the arterial blockage at various locations. Invasive sets of data (gathered from experiments performed on animals) are implemented into a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model to determine how the arterial wall compliance changes when any abnormalities occur to the blood flow profile. At the same time, a 1D acoustical model is developed to transfer the information gathered (wave propagation for blood pressure, flow and arterial wall displacement) from the CFD model. Wave forms were collected at a location which was invasively accessible (the femoral artery). The computational and acoustical models are validated against the clinical trials and show good agreement. Any changes to the arterial wall displacement could be detected by systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at the femoral artery.
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Keller, Benjamin V., Matthew L. Davis, Laurence E. Dahners, and Paul S. Weinhold. "Whole Body Vibration Amplitude Levels Differentially Affect Tendon and Ligament Structural Properties." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53877.

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Recently there have been a large number of studies examining the potential therapeutic effects of whole body vibration (WBV). Numerous studies have shown that low magnitude, high frequency vibration (LMHFV) can be anabolic for muscle and bone. Vibration has been applied to both animals and humans with notable increases in muscle cross-sectional area as well as strength [1, 4, 7]. Both high (3 G) and low (0.3 G) vibratory stimuli have been reported to initiate an increase in bone density and subsequently bone strength [3, 5]. The effects of LMHFV on other dense connective tissue types have been relatively unexplored. Legerlotz et al. investigated the response of rat Achilles tendons to 2 G WBV and found no effect on biomechanical properties [2]. However, Legerlotz’s experiment applied between 2–7 minutes of vibration a day which is significantly less than other studies as well as clinical applications. The goal of our study was to determine the effects of vibration level on the structural and material properties of intact ligaments and tendons. We hypothesized that vibration, a passive surrogate for exercise, may contribute to ligament and tendon strengthening.
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Cunningham, Matt, Sarah Howard, Abby Beltrame, Yan Chen, and Mark Smith. "Thrombogenicity Testing for Blood-Contacting Medical Devices in an In Vitro Human Blood-Loop." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6875.

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Thrombogenicity testing continues to be a critical requirement for regulatory approval of blood-contacting medical devices and the ISO guidelines have recently been updates [1]. This new guideline ascribes value to both in vivo and in vitro testing including both the non-anticoagulated venous implant (NAVI) model, and the new methods for in vitro testing. One challenge with the animal-blood-based in vitro assays that have been validated and used for submissions is that they still may not accurately translate to clinical safety or predict the risk for thrombogenic potential in humans. We have previously described a model using minimally heparinized ovine blood and are continuing to improve the overall methodology [2,3]. In addition, we have transferred these methods to a human blood assay which therefore has enhanced potential for prediction of clinical risk. As with the ovine model, the key characteristics of a successful in vitro method include fresh blood, low levels of anticoagulation, flow conditions and minimization of air/blood interfaces. This human model integrates freshly harvested human blood containing minimal levels of heparin with variable flow from a unidirectional peristaltic pump and unlike many of the human blood assays, it can accommodate larger devices and higher flow rates than previously described [1,4]. Control materials which were optimized in the ovine model were also used to reproducibly elicit positive and negative thrombogenic responses. We feel that this model can be used for validation of the ovine model with cross comparisons of a number of legally marketed comparator devices. Alternatively, if the human blood methodology can be streamlined and performed cost effectively on a regular and basis, this assay could supplant the current ovine model and allow a highly predictive preclinical test for thrombogenicity of devices.
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Milazzotto, F., M. Carelli, C. Citone, et al. "EFFECTIVENESS OF DEFIBROTIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643146.

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Defibrotide (D) is an extractive polydesoxyribonucleotide. In preclinical studies the product was shown to be active as a pro -fibrinolytic, antithrombotic and thrombolytic agent while comply tely devoid of anticoagulant activity. In animal models, D was found to afford striking protection from the effects of acute lethal and non lethal myocardial ischemia as well as from myo -cardial injury following reperfusion. In this open single - blim trial, D was administered to patients with acute myocardial infaj ction (AMI) for the prevention of complicating arrhythmias; throy bus formation, pericarditis, etc.Sixty patients with AMI were divided randomly into two groups of 30 patients each. One group was treated with D by 6-hour drip infusion for 3 consecutive days (2.8 g on the first day, then 2.4 g daily). The other group was treated with equal volumes of physiological salt solution. All patients received conventional trea_t ment for AMI. The two trial groups were sufficiently homogeneous in terms of AMI type, age and sex distribution, PCT, Forrester index, Holter, and Peel index. D treatment proved effective in reducing the incidence of severe arrhythmia (p < 0.05), thrombus formation (p < 0.05), and pericarditis (p < 0.01). CPK, TT and PTT readings were not modified by the treatment; the incidence of post-AMI angina and the number of deaths (4 in each group) were similar in the two groups. The results of this pilot study are encouraging; further clinical trials are currently in progress to assess D activity in larger groups of patients treated with the product at higher dosages.
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