Relevant bibliographies by topics / Large population approximation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Large population approximation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Large population approximation"

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Huang, Wentao, and Kechen Zhang. "Information-Theoretic Bounds and Approximations in Neural Population Coding." Neural Computation 30, no. 4 (2018): 885–944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01056.

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While Shannon's mutual information has widespread applications in many disciplines, for practical applications it is often difficult to calculate its value accurately for high-dimensional variables because of the curse of dimensionality. This article focuses on effective approximation methods for evaluating mutual information in the context of neural population coding. For large but finite neural populations, we derive several information-theoretic asymptotic bounds and approximation formulas that remain valid in high-dimensional spaces. We prove that optimizing the population density distribu
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Huang, Wentao, and Kechen Zhang. "Approximations of Shannon Mutual Information for Discrete Variables with Applications to Neural Population Coding." Entropy 21, no. 3 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21030243.

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Although Shannon mutual information has been widely used, its effective calculation is often difficult for many practical problems, including those in neural population coding. Asymptotic formulas based on Fisher information sometimes provide accurate approximations to the mutual information but this approach is restricted to continuous variables because the calculation of Fisher information requires derivatives with respect to the encoded variables. In this paper, we consider information-theoretic bounds and approximations of the mutual information based on Kullback-Leibler divergence and Rén
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Slatkin, Montgomery. "Heritable variation and heterozygosity under a balance between mutations and stabilizing selection." Genetical Research 50, no. 1 (1987): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300023338.

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SummaryA model of the balance between mutations and stabilizing selection affecting a quantitative character is developed and analysed. This model is essentially a discretized version of the continuum-of-alleles models analysed previously by Kimura, Lande, Turelli and others, and is formally similar to the stepwise mutation models used to interpret electrophoretic data. The complete model cannot be solved even for a haploid species, but there are useful approximations for most parameter values of interest. The ‘house-of-cards’ approximation can be used when selection is strong relative to muta
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Piho, Paul, and Jane Hillston. "Fluid Approximation–based Analysis for Mode-switching Population Dynamics." ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 31, no. 2 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3441680.

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Fluid approximation results provide powerful methods for scalable analysis of models of population dynamics with large numbers of discrete states and have seen wide-ranging applications in modelling biological and computer-based systems and model checking. However, the applicability of these methods relies on assumptions that are not easily met in a number of modelling scenarios. This article focuses on one particular class of scenarios in which rapid information propagation in the system is considered. In particular, we study the case where changes in population dynamics are induced by inform
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Stephan, Wolfgang, Lin Chao, and Joanne Guna Smale. "The advance of Muller's ratchet in a haploid asexual population: approximate solutions based on diffusion theory." Genetical Research 61, no. 3 (1993): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300031384.

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SummaryAsexual populations experiencing random genetic drift can accumulate an increasing number of deleterious mutations, a process called Muller's ratchet. We present here diffusion approximations for the rate at which Muller's ratchet advances in asexual haploid populations. The most important parameter of this process is n0 = N e−U/s, where N is population size, U the genomic mutation rate and s the selection coefficient. In a very large population, n0 is the equilibrium size of the mutation-free class. We examined the case n0 > 1 and developed one approximation for intermediate values
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MacCall, Alec D. "Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) Equations for Nonhomogeneous Populations, and a Family of Approximations Including Improvements on Pope's Cohort Analysis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 12 (1986): 2406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-298.

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A set of "backward" virtual population analysis (VPA) equations relates catch (Ct) from continuous fishing between times t and t + 1 to population n size (Nt, Nt+1) when a portion of the stock is unavailable to fishing. The usual VPA equations become a special case where the entire stock is available (i.e. the stock is homogeneous). A close approximation to the VPA equations is Nt = Nt+1 exp(M) + CtM/(1 − exp(−M)), which has properties similar to Pope's "cohort analysis" and is somewhat more accurate in the case of a continuous fishery, especially if the natural mortality rate (M) is large. Mu
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Solomon, Wiremu. "Representation and approximation of large population age distributions using poisson random measures." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 26 (1987): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4149(87)90178-5.

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Barton, N. H. "The maintenance of polygenic variation through a balance between mutation and stabilizing selection." Genetical Research 47, no. 3 (1986): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300023156.

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SummaryThe maintenance of polygenic variation through a balance between mutation and stabilizing selection can be approximated in two ways. In the ‘Gaussian’ approximation, a normal distribution of allelic effects is assumed at each locus. In the ‘House of Cards’ approximation, the effect of new mutations is assumed to be large compared with the spread of the existing distribution. These approximations were developed to describe models where alleles may have a continuous range of effects. However, previous analyses of models with only two alleles have predicted an equilibrium variance equal to
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Gerontidis, Ioannis I. "Markov population replacement processes." Advances in Applied Probability 27, no. 03 (1995): 711–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800027129.

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We consider a migration process whose singleton process is a time-dependent Markov replacement process. For the singleton process, which may be treated as either open or closed, we study the limiting distribution, the distribution of the time to replacement and related quantities. For a replacement process in equilibrium we obtain a version of Little's law and we provide conditions for reversibility. For the resulting linear population process we characterize exponential ergodicity for two types of environmental behaviour, i.e. either convergent or cyclic, and finally for large population size
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Gerontidis, Ioannis I. "Markov population replacement processes." Advances in Applied Probability 27, no. 3 (1995): 711–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1428131.

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We consider a migration process whose singleton process is a time-dependent Markov replacement process. For the singleton process, which may be treated as either open or closed, we study the limiting distribution, the distribution of the time to replacement and related quantities. For a replacement process in equilibrium we obtain a version of Little's law and we provide conditions for reversibility. For the resulting linear population process we characterize exponential ergodicity for two types of environmental behaviour, i.e. either convergent or cyclic, and finally for large population size
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Large population approximation"

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Méléard, Sylvie, and Sylvie Roelly. "Evolutive two-level population process and large population approximations." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6460/.

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We are interested in modeling the Darwinian evolution of a population described by two levels of biological parameters: individuals characterized by an heritable phenotypic trait submitted to mutation and natural selection and cells in these individuals influencing their ability to consume resources and to reproduce. Our models are rooted in the microscopic description of a random (discrete) population of individuals characterized by one or several adaptive traits and cells characterized by their type. The population is modeled as a stochastic point process whose generator captures the probabi
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Personne, Arnaud. "Dynamique du modèle de Moran en environnement aléatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC102.

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Dans certains écosystèmes et plus particulièrement dans certaines forêts tropicales, différentes espèces ayant les mêmes exigences écologiques cohabitent sur un même milieu. Par exemple, certaines forêts présentent plus de cent espèces d’arbres différentes sur un hectare. Pour expliquer cette étonnante diversité, les scientifiques ont construit des modèles dans lesquels la composition de la communauté est uniquement due à la dispersion stochastique des individus. Le modèle mathématique étudié dan thèse s’inscrit dans cette lignée. Il a été suggéré par M.Kalyuzhni dans un article [9] où il just
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Sharma, Abhay. "Finding A Subset Of Non-defective Items From A Large Population : Fundamental Limits And Efficient Algorithms." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2645.

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Consider a large population containing a small number of defective items. A commonly encountered goal is to identify the defective items, for example, to isolate them. In the classical non-adaptive group testing (NAGT) approach, one groups the items into subsets, or pools, and runs tests for the presence of a defective itemon each pool. Using the outcomes the tests, a fundamental goal of group testing is to reliably identify the complete set of defective items with as few tests as possible. In contrast, this thesis studies a non-defective subset identification problem, where the primary goal i
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Book chapters on the topic "Large population approximation"

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de Rougemont, Michel, and Mathieu Tracol. "Approximation of Large Probabilistic Networks by Structured Population Protocols." In Algebraic Informatics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40663-8_19.

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Li, Hui, Yuxiang Shui, Jianyong Sun, and Qingfu Zhang. "Approximating Pareto Fronts in Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization with Large Population Size." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72062-9_6.

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Botsford, Louis W., J. Wilson White, and Alan Hastings. "Age-structured models in a random environment." In Population Dynamics for Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758365.003.0008.

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Most ecological populations exist in a randomly fluctuating environment, and these fluctuations influence vital rates, thus changing population dynamics. These changes are the focus of this chapter. The primary practical concern about environmental variability is the possibility that it could cause a population to go extinct, so the chapter describes several approaches to estimating the probability of extinction. The first is the small fluctuations approximation (SFA) to describe the growth of a population with a randomly varying Leslie matrix. The results reveal that randomly varying populations grow more slowly on average than the equivalent deterministic population. Further applications of the SFA examine how correlated variation in different vital rates affects the probability of extinction, when variability is too large to use the SFA, and how it has been applied to population time series. Finally, several other approaches to estimating extinction risk—also known as population viability analysis—are compared.
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"Plankton Models and Its Attractors in a Local Approximation." In Attractors and Higher Dimensions in Population and Molecular Biology. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9651-6.ch003.

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The previously accepted models of plankton consisting of two interacting populations—phytoplankton and zooplankton—are considered in a local approximation. The analysis of models is carried out with the help of a qualitative study of systems of differential equations as a whole (i.e., in the entire phase space of systems, not limited to a neighborhood of equilibrium positions). Analytical conditions for the occurrence of a Hopf bifurcation are obtained for each model using the Lyapunov stability theory. A comparison of various models is given, and their shortcomings associated with the incompleteness of research are indicated. It has been established that in some cases the loss of stability of the equilibrium position does not lead to the formation of a limit cycle (Hopf bifurcation) but to the formation of a limit continuum with a chaotic behavior of the trajectories in a large part of the phase space. It is shown that the parameters significantly influencing the dynamics of the development of plankton are the natural mortality of populations as an environmental characteristic of the environment.
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Raff, Lionel, Ranga Komanduri, Martin Hagan, and Satish Bukkapatnam. "Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Internal Energy Transfer Calculations Using Neural Network (NN) Methods." In Neural Networks in Chemical Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765652.003.0011.

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Genetic algorithms (GA), like NNs, can be used to fit highly nonlinear functional forms, such as empirical interatomic potentials from a large ensemble of data. Briefly, a genetic algorithm uses a stochastic global search method that mimics the process of natural biological evolution. GAs operate on a population of potential solutions applying the principle of survival of the fittest to generate progressively better approximations to a solution. A new set of approximations is generated in each iteration (also known as generation) of a GA through the process of selecting individuals from the solution space according to their fitness levels, and breeding them together using operators borrowed from natural genetics. This process leads to the evolution of populations of individuals that have a higher probability of being “fitter,” i.e., better approximations of the specified potential values, than the individuals they were created from, just as in natural adaptation. The most time-consuming part in implementing a GA is often the evaluation of the objective or the fitness function. The objective function O[P] is expressed as sum squared error computed over a given large ensemble of data. Consequently, the time required for evaluating the objective function becomes an important factor. Since a GA is well suited for implementing on parallel computers, the time required for evaluating the objective function can be reduced significantly by parallel processing. A better approach would be to map out the objective function using several possible solutions concurrently or beforehand to improve computational efficiency of the GA prior to its execution, and using this information to implement the GA. This will obviate the need for cumbersome direct evaluation of the objective function. Neural networks may be best suited to map the functional relationship between the objective function and the various parameters of the specific functional form. This study presents an approach that combines the universal function approximation capability of multilayer neural networks to accelerate a GA for fitting atomic system potentials. The approach involves evaluating the objective function, which for the present application is the mean squared error (MSE) between the computed and model-estimated potential, and training a multilayer neural network with decision variables as input and the objective function as output.
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Box, Paul. "Spatial Units as Agents: Making the Landscape an Equal Player in Agent-Based Simulations." In Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Agent-Based Modeling Techniques for Understanding Social and Ecological Processes. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143362.003.0009.

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Agent-based modeling has generated considerable interest in recent years as a tool for exploring many of the processes that can be modeled as bottom up processes. This has accelerated with the availability of software packages, such as Swarm and StarLogo, that allow for relatively complex simulations to be constructed by researchers with limited computer-programming backgrounds. A typical use of agent-based models is to simulate scenarios where large numbers of individuals are inhabiting a landscape, interacting with their landscape and each other by relatively simple rules, and observing the emergent behavior of the system (population) over time. It has been a natural extension in this sort of a study to create a landscape from a “real world” example, typically imported through a geographic information system (GIS). In most cases, the landscape is represented either as a static object, or a “stage” upon which the agents act (see Briggs et al. , Girnblett et al., and Remm). In some cases, an approximation of a dynamic landscape has been added to the simulation in a way that is completely exogenous to the population being simulated; the dynamic conditions are read from historical records, in effect “playing a tape” of conditions, to which the population reacts through time (such as Dean et al. and Kohler et al. ). There has also been many simulations where dynamic landscape processes have been modeled through “bottom up” processes, where localized processes in landscapes are simulated, and the global emergent processes are observed. Topmodel is a Fortran-based implementation of this concept for hydrologic processes; and PCRaster has used similar software constructs to simulate a variety of landscape processes, with sophisticated visualization and data-gathering tools. In both of these examples, the landscape is represented as a regular lattice or cell structure. There are also many examples of “home grown” tools (simulations created for a specific project), applying cellular automata (CA) rules to landscapes to simulate urban growth, wildfire , lava flows, and groundwater flow. There are also examples of how agent-based modeling tools were employed to model dynamic landscape processes such as forest dynamics, i.e., Arborgames. In these models the landscape was the object of the simulation, and free-roaming agents were not considered as part of the model.
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Öhrström, Lars. "Biopiracy: Th e Curse of the Nutmeg." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0008.

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Governments and private donors often try to control public research by handing out very specific grants, expecting closely related output such as patents, new companies, and inventions in the specified directions. Researchers, in general, vehemently oppose such policies, arguing that much better patents, new companies, and inventions will result if they are left to their own devices, making decisions on where to use their spatulas, syringes, and microscopes. Grant applications are therefore sometimes written using an obedient language adhering to whatever policies and applications are in vogue at the time, but with a more or less concealed plan B containing the real scientific questions we think should be in focus. This is by no means a new phenomenon, and one of the most flagrant misuses of a research grant must have been that of Captain Henry Hudson in 1609. Issued with a ship, men, and provisions by the Dutch East India Company (VOC, Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie), the agreed research plan was to explore a route to the Indies by sailing north of Scandinavia and Russia—the so-called north-east passage. He did make an attempt, but somewhere east of Scandinavia’s northernmost point, close to North Cape, he had a better idea and turned his ship west. He crossed the Atlantic and, among other things, explored what was to be named the Hudson River. This gave the Dutch Republic a claim to a large island called Manna-hata by the local population, one suspects much to the regret of Hudson’s English compatriots. This urge to go east was partly driven by the enormous profits there were to be made in the spice trade—both on returning home, and on shipping items such as cloves, pepper, and nutmeg within Asia. In a way one can (being a bit chemo-chauvinistic) regard the spice trade as a chemical trade, as a number of very specific molecules make up our sensation of spices compared to the experience of eating rice for example, another important part of the East-Indian trade. To a first approximation, rice is a mixture of very big molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins, and factors like texture and water content are also important for the overall eating experience.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by William F. Herrnkind, Mark J. Butler, and John H. Hunt. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch31.

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<em>Abstract</em> .—Basic research on the settlement and postsettlement ecology of spiny lobster <em>Panulirus argus </em> has led to an application with the potential to replace lost natural refuge with artificial shelters intended for the vulnerable small juvenile stages. We began investigating ecological processes regulating juvenile spiny lobster recruitment in the Florida nursery in the mid-1980s. An unprecedented massive die-off of sponges in the middle Florida Keys followed cyanobacterial blooms in 1991–1993, ultimately affecting about 300 km2 of a region providing approximately one-fifth of total juvenile recruitment. Before 1991, crevices in sponges provided diurnal refuge from predators for about 70% of juveniles <50 mm carapace length. On the basis of sampling done before and after sponge loss, we estimated that juvenile abundance declined by 30–50% on spongeless sites without alternative shelter, resulting in a decrease of annual nurserywide potential of up to 10%. Results of a field experiment evaluating the relative influences of the magnitude of settlement and availability of crevice shelter on juvenile recruitment, fortuitously begun before the sponge die-off, showed that juvenile survival and abundance were sustained on small 0.02- to 0.07-ha test sites provided with supplemental artificial shelters (slotted concrete blocks). In the absence of sponges, survival of microwire-tagged juveniles on the shelter-supplemented sites was about six times higher than that on unsupplemented sites. On the basis of our earlier ecological findings, we devised a feasibility study to test whether the artificial shelters could replace lost sponge shelter for juvenile lobsters on a large scale. It took the form of a field experiment using 240 shelters spread over 1-ha sites located amid hard substrate denuded of sponges. The shelters provided substitute crevices, supporting juvenile lobster recruitment approximating that in areas with good sponge cover. This outcome exemplifies the essential value of initial basic research that provides understanding of the ecological processes regulating individual survival and, ultimately, the character and dynamics of the fishery population. Such an approach, and the information it provides, is necessary to successful rehabilitation of essential habitat or restocking of natural populations. Moreover, conducting basic research can help prevent the waste of precious time, funds, income, and human effort that typically has occurred in past failed attempts that were undertaken with insufficient knowledge. We urge the fisheries-ecology discipline and support agencies to promote strongly the primacy of research on basic processes.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by William F. Herrnkind, Mark J. Butler, and John H. Hunt. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch31.

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<em>Abstract</em> .—Basic research on the settlement and postsettlement ecology of spiny lobster <em>Panulirus argus </em> has led to an application with the potential to replace lost natural refuge with artificial shelters intended for the vulnerable small juvenile stages. We began investigating ecological processes regulating juvenile spiny lobster recruitment in the Florida nursery in the mid-1980s. An unprecedented massive die-off of sponges in the middle Florida Keys followed cyanobacterial blooms in 1991–1993, ultimately affecting about 300 km2 of a region providing approximately one-fifth of total juvenile recruitment. Before 1991, crevices in sponges provided diurnal refuge from predators for about 70% of juveniles <50 mm carapace length. On the basis of sampling done before and after sponge loss, we estimated that juvenile abundance declined by 30–50% on spongeless sites without alternative shelter, resulting in a decrease of annual nurserywide potential of up to 10%. Results of a field experiment evaluating the relative influences of the magnitude of settlement and availability of crevice shelter on juvenile recruitment, fortuitously begun before the sponge die-off, showed that juvenile survival and abundance were sustained on small 0.02- to 0.07-ha test sites provided with supplemental artificial shelters (slotted concrete blocks). In the absence of sponges, survival of microwire-tagged juveniles on the shelter-supplemented sites was about six times higher than that on unsupplemented sites. On the basis of our earlier ecological findings, we devised a feasibility study to test whether the artificial shelters could replace lost sponge shelter for juvenile lobsters on a large scale. It took the form of a field experiment using 240 shelters spread over 1-ha sites located amid hard substrate denuded of sponges. The shelters provided substitute crevices, supporting juvenile lobster recruitment approximating that in areas with good sponge cover. This outcome exemplifies the essential value of initial basic research that provides understanding of the ecological processes regulating individual survival and, ultimately, the character and dynamics of the fishery population. Such an approach, and the information it provides, is necessary to successful rehabilitation of essential habitat or restocking of natural populations. Moreover, conducting basic research can help prevent the waste of precious time, funds, income, and human effort that typically has occurred in past failed attempts that were undertaken with insufficient knowledge. We urge the fisheries-ecology discipline and support agencies to promote strongly the primacy of research on basic processes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Large population approximation"

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Adlakha, Sachin, Ramesh Johari, Gabriel Weintraub, and Andrea Goldsmith. "Oblivious equilibrium: An approximation to large population dynamic games with concave utility." In 2009 International Conference on Game Theory for Networks (GameNets). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gamenets.2009.5137384.

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Vakili, S., and M. S. Gadala. "Low Cost Particle Swarm Algorithm Using Surrogate Model Based Pre-Evaluation for Inverse Heat Conduction Analysis." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38256.

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Using internal temperature measurements from inside a solid to determine the initial or boundary conditions or material properties is a common inverse heat conduction problem. These problems are ill-posed in nature and a robust mathematical solution is not available for them. Stochastical search algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been found to be very effective in dealing with some of the challenges in solving inverse problems, such as time step size limit and sensitivity to the measurement errors. However, these methods normally require large pop
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