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Journal articles on the topic 'Large predators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Omkar, Geetanjali Mishra, Bhupendra Kumar, Neha Singh, and Garima Pandey. "Risks associated with tandem release of large and small ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in heterospecific aphidophagous guilds." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 1 (2013): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.56.

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AbstractMultiple interactions occurring within aphidophagous guilds determine their final predation outcomes, i.e., antagonistic, additive, or synergistic. Based on these predatory outcomes, the suitability of guilds in suppressing aphid pests is determined. The present study assesses the efficacy of 11 guilds, formed from both larval and adult stages of four locally abundant aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), while exploiting the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The observed antagonistic effects within these guilds are resultants of enhanced p

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Ortiz, Esteban, Rodrigo Ramos-Jiliberto, and Matías Arim. "Prey selection along a predators’ body size gradient evidences the role of different trait-based mechanisms in food web organization." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0292374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292374.

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An increase in prey richness, prey size and predator trophic position with predator body size has been consistently reported as prime features of food web organization. These trends have been explained by non-exclusive mechanisms. First, the increase in energy demand with body size determines that larger predators must reduce prey selectivity for achieving the required number of resources, being consumption relationships independent of prey traits. Second, when consumption is restricted by gape limitation, small predators are constrained to select among small prey. However, this selection weak

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Thorp, Corey J., Mhairi E. Alexander, James R. Vonesh, and John Measey. "Size-dependent functional response of Xenopus laevis feeding on mosquito larvae." PeerJ 6 (October 26, 2018): e5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5813.

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Predators can play an important role in regulating prey abundance and diversity, determining food web structure and function, and contributing to important ecosystem services, including the regulation of agricultural pests and disease vectors. Thus, the ability to predict predator impact on prey is an important goal in ecology. Often, predators of the same species are assumed to be functionally equivalent, despite considerable individual variation in predator traits known to be important for shaping predator–prey interactions, like body size. This assumption may greatly oversimplify our unders

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Olson, AM, A. Frid, JBQ dos Santos, and F. Juanes. "Trophic position scales positively with body size within but not among four species of rocky reef predators." Marine Ecology Progress Series 640 (April 23, 2020): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13275.

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Intra- and interspecifically, larger-bodied predators generally occupy higher trophic positions (TPs). With widespread declines in large predators, there is a need to understand their size-based trophic roles to predict ecosystem-level responses. In British Columbia, Canada, we examined size-based trophic interactions between predatory fishes—3 rockfish species (genus Sebastes) and lingcod Ophiodon elongatus—and their prey, converting predator δ15N signatures to TP and analyzing stomach contents. Intraspecifically, TP scaled positively with predator length and gape width, but the rates of chan

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Mislan, K. A. S., and Russ C. Babcock. "Survival and behaviour of juvenile red rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, on rocky reefs with varying predation pressure and habitat complexity." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 3 (2008): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07116.

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The role of large predatory fish in coastal communities is generally unknown because of overfishing. In order to understand the direct and indirect impacts of these increased population sizes on coastal food chains, the effect of areas with more fish predators on the survival and behaviour of potential prey was assessed. Juvenile lobsters, Jasus edwardsii (10–20 mm carapace length), were tethered on rocky reefs inside and outside marine reserves in northeastern New Zealand to assess survival under differing predator densities. Since rocky reef habitats in northeastern New Zealand include zones

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Weissburg, Marc, and Jeffrey Beauvais. "The smell of success: the amount of prey consumed by predators determines the strength and range of cascading non-consumptive effects." PeerJ 3 (November 19, 2015): e1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1426.

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We examined whether chemically mediated risk perception by prey and the effects of changes in prey behavior on basal resources vary as a function of the amount of prey biomass consumed by the predator. We studied these issues using a tritrophic system composed of blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus(top predator), mud crabsPanopeus herbstii(intermediate prey), and oystersCrassostrea virginica(basal resource). Working in a well characterized field environment where experiments preserve natural patterns of water flow, we found that biomass consumed by a predator determines the range, intensity and nat

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L.A., Escudero-Colomar, Creus E., Chorąży A., and Walzer A. "Intraguild aggressiveness between an alien and a native predatory mite." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 11 (2019): 2094–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.11.5.

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The predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus, non-native in Europe, can be used legally in several European countries as greenhouse biocontrol agent against thrips species, although this species is also able to feed on whiteflies and gall mites. The first record of the unintended occurrence of A. limonicus in apple orchards in Europe comes from Catalonia (Spain), where A. limonicus is well established in the native predatory mite community since 2011. The dominant species in this community is Amblyseius andersoni, which has a similar life-style as A. limonicus (large, aggressive predator with br

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Vermeij, Geerat J. "Evolution in the Consumer Age: Predators and the History of Life." Paleontological Society Papers 8 (October 2002): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001169.

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Three properties of predation make this form of consumption an important agency of evolution: universality (all species have predators), high frequency (encounters of prey with predators test both parties often), and imperfection (many predatory attacks fail, enabling antipredatory selection to take place). On long time scales, predators have two principal effects: they influence their victims' phenotypes, and prey species that are highly vulnerable to all phases of predatory attacks are evolutionarily restricted to environments where predators are rarely encountered. Although predator and pre

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Tscholl, Thomas, Gösta Nachman, Bernhard Spangl, Hanna Charlotte Serve, and Andreas Walzer. "Reproducing during Heat Waves: Influence of Juvenile and Adult Environment on Fecundity of a Pest Mite and Its Predator." Biology 12, no. 4 (2023): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12040554.

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The thermal history of arthropod predators and their prey may affect their reproductive performance during heat waves. Thus, a matching juvenile and adult environment should be beneficial as it enables the individuals to acclimate to extreme conditions. Prey fecundity, however, is also affected by a second stressor, namely predation risk. Here, we assessed the impact of extreme and mild heat waves on the reproductive output of acclimated (juvenile and adult heat wave conditions are matching) and non-acclimated females of the biocontrol agent Phytoseiulus persimilis, a predatory mite, and its h

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Gallagher, Austin J., Simon J. Brandl, and Adrian C. Stier. "Intraspecific variation in body size does not alter the effects of mesopredators on prey." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 12 (2016): 160414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160414.

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As humans continue to alter the species composition and size structure of marine food webs, it is critical to understand size-dependent effects of predators on prey. Yet, how shifts in predator body size mediate the effect of predators is understudied in tropical marine ecosystems, where anthropogenic harvest has indirectly increased the density and size of small-bodied predators. Here, we combine field surveys and a laboratory feeding experiment in coral reef fish communities to show that small and large predators of the same species can have similar effects. Specifically, surveys show that t

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Sario, Sara, Conceição Santos, Fátima Gonçalves, and Laura Torres. "DNA screening of Drosophila suzukii predators in berry field orchards shows new predatory taxonomical groups." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249673.

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Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila, SWD) is a pandemic quarantine pest that attacks mostly red fruits. The high number of life cycles per year, its ability to rapidly invade and spread across new habitats, and highly polyphagous nature, makes this a particularly aggressive invasive species, for which efficient control methods are currently lacking. The use of native natural predators is particularly promising to anchor sustainable and efficient measures to control SWD. While several field studies have suggested the presence of potential predatory species in infested orchards, only a f

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Zimmerman, Mara S. "Predator communities associated with brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) prey: patterns in body size." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 2 (2006): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-216.

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Prey body size is often inversely correlated with largest size of coexisting predators, yet few studies have examined this relationship in the context of entire predator communities. Using field surveys and laboratory trials, this study tested whether a size relationship exists between brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) prey and the largest coexisting predator in the context of nested predator communities at 26 sites across Michigan's upper peninsula. Small predators, limited to consuming small sticklebacks, were widely distributed and equally common in pond, breached pond, and stream habit

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Puu, Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga. "KERAGAMAN JENIS DAN PERILAKU PEMANGSA PREDATOR YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN HAMA KEPIK PENGISAP BUAH KAKAOHelopeltis spp. PADA TANAMAN KAKAO." AGRICA 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v10i1.75.

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Helopeltis spp. is one of the pests that attack cocoa fruit and can lead to decreased quality and quantity of fruit. Efforts to control that can be done is the utilization of natural enemy one of them is a predator. The large predator populations in the cocoa ecosystem will decrease the pest population of Helopeltisspp. the aim of this study was to know the predator species of pests associated with Helopeltisspp pests and predatory behavior. This research was conducted in Ende Sub-district in 6 villages and Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Flores University from March to May 2017. The met

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Chikachev, Roman. "The index of the hearts squad Carnivora, as an indicator of predator ecology." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301010.

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The article presents the results of calculating the heart index of representatives of the order of carnivores, as one of the main morphophysiological indicators of predator activity. Based on the results of the study, the criteria for specific environmental characteristics of predators used for food production and determining the degree of load on the body were determined. To determine these indicators in some representatives of predatory animals obtained in the Amur region weight measurements of the hearts of sexually Mature individuals were performed: Martes zibellina, Meles leucurus, Canis

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Peckarsky, Barbara L. "Habitat Selection by Stream-Dwelling Predatory Stoneflies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 6 (1991): 1069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-126.

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Patterns of substrate size preference of predatory stoneflies were measured in a western Colorado, USA, stream and associations were examined between substrates and other physical and biological variables. Predatory Megarcys signata (Perlodidae) were found disproportionately on large stones that were not displaced during spring runoff. Predator densities were not consistently correlated with any other physical or biological variables measured. Prey densities were neither correlated with other physical variables nor with their own resource levels, with the exception that shredders were positive

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Sandin, Stuart A., Beverly J. French, and Brian J. Zgliczynski. "Emerging insights on effects of sharks and other top predators on coral reefs." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 6, no. 1 (2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20210238.

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Predation is ubiquitous on coral reefs. Among the most charismatic group of reef predators are the top predatory fishes, including sharks and large-bodied bony fishes. Despite the threat presented by top predators, data describing their realized effects on reef community structure and functioning are challenging to produce. Many innovative studies have capitalized on natural experimental conditions to explore predator effects on reefs. Gradients in predator density have been created by spatial patterning of fisheries management. Evidence of prey release has been observed across some reefs, nam

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Ale, Som B., and Joel S. Brown. "Prey Behavior Leads to Predator: A Case Study of the Himalayan Tahr and the Snow Leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 55, no. 4 (2009): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.55.4.315.

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Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard's main local prey, to reveal the dist

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Weber, Sam B., Andrew J. Richardson, Christopher D. H. Thompson, et al. "Shallow seamounts are “oases” and activity hubs for pelagic predators in a large-scale marine reserve." PLOS Biology 23, no. 2 (2025): e3003016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003016.

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Seamounts have been likened to “oases” of life in the comparative deserts of the open ocean, often harbouring high densities of threatened and exploited pelagic top predators. However, few such aggregations have been studied in any detail and the mechanisms that sustain them are poorly understood. Here, we present the findings of an integrated study of 3 previously unexplored seamounts in the tropical Atlantic, which aimed to investigate their significance as predator “hotspots” and inform their inclusion in one of world’s largest marine reserves. Baited underwater video and visual census tran

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Buchheister, Andre, and Robert J. Latour. "Dynamic trophic linkages in a large estuarine system — support for supply-driven dietary changes using delta generalized additive mixed models." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 1 (2016): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0441.

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Trophic dynamics within aquatic systems are a predominant regulator of fish production and an important consideration for implementing ecosystem approaches to fisheries management. We analyzed 10 years of fish diet data from Chesapeake Bay, USA, to (1) evaluate the effects of environmental variables on trophic interactions of 12 common predatory fishes, (2) infer dynamics of four key prey groups (mysids, bay anchovy, bivalves, and polychaetes), and (3) evaluate whether interannual dietary trends were coherent among predators and regulated by prey availability. Based on delta generalized additi

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Ward, Darren M., Keith H. Nislow, and Carol L. Folt. "Seasonal shift in the effects of predators on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) energetics." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 12 (2011): 2080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-123.

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Predator effects on prey populations are determined by the number of prey consumed and effects on the traits of surviving prey. Yet the effects of predators on prey traits are rarely evaluated in field studies. We measured the effects of predators on energetic traits (consumption and growth rates) of juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in a large-scale field study. Salmon fry were released at 18 sites that encompassed a wide range of predatory slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ) abundance. We sampled salmon after 21 and 140 days to measure salmon growth and estimate consumption using a mass

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Lundvall, David, Richard Svanbäck, Lennart Persson, and Pär Byström. "Size-dependent predation in piscivores: interactions between predator foraging and prey avoidance abilities." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 7 (1999): 1285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-058.

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Body size is known to play a crucial role in predator-prey interactions. For a given predator size, it has been suggested that prey mortality should be a dome-shaped function dependent on prey body size. In this study, we experimentally tested (i) the suggested mechanisms responsible for the dome-shaped prey vulnerability function and (ii) whether a prey refuge affected the form of this function. As prey, we used young-of-the-year Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), and as predator, larger Eurasian perch. The prey mortality as a function of prey size was dome shaped for large and medium predat

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Hernández, José Carlos, Beatriz Alfonso, Ana Gloria Guzmán-Mora, and Juan José Alvarado. "Predators of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum (Diadematoida: Diadematidae) at the Eastern Tropical Pacific coral reefs." Revista de Biología Tropical 72, S1 (2024): e59007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.59007.

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Introduction: The coral reefs of Isla del Coco National Park are some of the most pristine ecosystems on Earth. The sea urchin Diadema mexicanum (Diadematoida: Diadematidae) is a common inhabitant with a pivotal role in the ecology of this unique ecosystem. Objective: In this study, we identified the predominant predators of D. mexicanum and estimated the predatory consumption rates. We also determined predation rates at different sea urchin sizes and at sites with contrasting refuge availability. Methods: We use field video recording observations and tethering experiments. R

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Ramadhani, Nur Suci, Toaha Toaha, and Kasbawati Kasbawati. "Dynamics Analysis of Modified Leslie-Gower Model with Simplified Holling Type IV Functional Response." Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi 18, no. 1 (2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/j.v18i1.13881.

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In this paper, the modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with simplified Holling type IV functional response is discussed. It is assumed that the prey population is a dangerous population. The equilibrium point of the model and the stability of the coexistence equilibrium point are analyzed. The simulation results show that both prey and predator populations will not become extinct as time increases. When the prey population density increases, there is a decrease in the predatory population density because the dangerous prey population has a better ability to defend itself from predators w

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Silva, Igor Aurélio, Rodolfo Antônio de Figueiredo, and Dalva Maria da Silva Matos. "Feeding visit time of fruit-eating birds in Cerrado plants: revisiting the predation risk model." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25, no. 4 (2008): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752008000400013.

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Fruiting plants that attract frequent visits by fruit-eating birds tend to be predictable patches for a predator. Consequently, the risk of a predator attack increases the longer a bird stays on a fruiting plant. We tested whether large and cryptic species of fruit-eating birds spend more time per feeding visit than smaller and conspicuous ones in fruiting plants of the Brazilian Cerrado. Data were obtained from the literature for eight fruiting plant species and from field observations of birds feeding on fruits of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Rutaceae). We searched for a positive linear relations

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Juanes, Francis. "The allometry of cannibalism in piscivorous fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 5 (2003): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-051.

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Cannibalism is a widespread phenomenon that can have strong population and community effects. In this study, I compare the prey size predator size relationships of diets with and without cannibalized prey for four piscivorous species and five populations that are commonly cannibalistic and where large databases exist. I then examine the resultant trophic niche breadths (range of relative prey size consumed) to quantify whether inclusion of cannibalized prey in the diet slows down the decline in trophic niche breadth that many large predators exhibit as they grow. When comparing diets includi

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Meseguer, Roberto, Alexandre Levi-Mourao, Marc Fournier, Xavier Pons, and Eric Lucas. "May predator body-size hamper furtive predation strategy by aphidophagous insects?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256991.

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Furtive predation is an uncommon predation strategy within aphidophagous insects, as it can be constrained by several factors. So far, the few reported furtive predators are characterized by their small body-size, vermiform shape, and slow movement. They live within the aphid colonies, without triggering significant defensive acts, nor disrupting colony structure. In this study, we aim to determine how body-size may prevent adoption of a furtive predation strategy. For that, the American hoverfly, Eupeodes americanus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) was selected as a model species, according t

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Norton, S. F., and E. L. Brainerd. "CONVERGENCE IN THE FEEDING MECHANICS OF ECOMORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR SPECIES IN THE CENTRARCHIDAE AND CICHLIDAE." Journal of Experimental Biology 176, no. 1 (1993): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.176.1.11.

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We examined the hypothesis that fish species with similar ecomorphological patterns, but from different taxonomic groups, would use similar feeding modes. We contrasted the feeding behavior of Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede) (Centrarchidae) and Cichla ocellaris (Block and Schneider) (Cichlidae), both large-mouthed piscivores with a locomotor morphology designed for fast acceleration, with Lepomis spp. (Centrarchidae) and Cichlosoma severum (Heckel) (Cichlidae), both small-mouthed predators on benthic invertebrates with a locomotor morphology designed for maneuverability. Pressure profiles in

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Juanes, Francis. "A length-based approach to predator–prey relationships in marine predators." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 4 (2016): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0159.

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Body size is a critical feature of the ecology of most organisms and has been used to describe and understand predator–prey interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Most previous studies have used prey mass to examine the relationships between predator size and prey size; however, using prey lengths may provide a different perspective, particularly for gape-limited fishes. Using a large database of predator and prey lengths for marine aquatic predators, I found the expected positive wedge-shaped relationship between predator length and prey length and a negative converging re

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Fresh, Kurt L., and Steven L. Schroder. "Influence of the Abundance, Size, and Yolk Reserves of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on Predation by Freshwater Fishes in a Small Coastal Stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 2 (1987): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-033.

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Predator–prey interactions between juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and piscivores were studied in a small coastal stream and in sections of a controlled-flow channel. The predators were primarily large [Formula: see text] rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and large [Formula: see text] coho salmon (O. kisutch). The relationship between chum salmon fry abundance and the quantity consumed by predators suggested a type II functional response. Neither prey size nor prey abundance influenced predation, but predators did select fry with relatively high yolk reserves. Our results suggest that t

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Zhang, Hui, Zhihui Ma, Gongnan Xie, and Lukun Jia. "Effects of Behavioral Tactics of Predators on Dynamics of a Predator-Prey System." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/375236.

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A predator-prey model incorporating individual behavior is presented, where the predator-prey interaction is described by a classical Lotka-Volterra model with self-limiting prey; predators can use the behavioral tactics of rock-paper-scissors to dispute a prey when they meet. The predator behavioral change is described by replicator equations, a game dynamic model at the fast time scale, whereas predator-prey interactions are assumed acting at a relatively slow time scale. Aggregation approach is applied to combine the two time scales into a single one. The analytical results show that predat

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Candeiro, Carlos Roberto Dos Anjos, Sthepen Louis Brusatte, Luciano Vidal, and Paulo Victor Luiz Gomes da Costa Pereira. "Paleobiogeographic evolution and distribution of Carcharodontosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) during the middle Cretaceous of North Africa." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (June 27, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.29.

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Over the last few decades, the systematics and evolution of carcharodontosaurids, a group of large predatory dinosaurs, from North Africa have been better understood mainly due the discovery of new species. We review this record here and discuss its importance for understanding the evolution and ecology of these dinosaurs. North Africa has one of the best records of carcharodontosaurid species. These species show dietary specializations and paleogeographic distributions similar to other top predatory theropods such as Abelisauridae and Spinosauridae. However, carcharodontosaurids have a wider

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Van Valkenburgh, Blaire. "Trophic diversity in past and present guilds of large predatory mammals." Paleobiology 14, no. 2 (1988): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011891.

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Trophic diversity within guilds of terrestrial predators is explored in three modern and two ancient communities. The modern communities span a range of environments including savannah, rainforest, and temperate forest. The paleocommunities are North American, Orellan (31–29 Ma), and late Hemphillian (7–6 Ma), respectively. The predator guilds are compared in terms of: 1) species richness; 2) the array of feeding types; and 3) the extent of morphological divergence among sympatric species. Feeding type is determined from dental measurements that reflect the proportion of meat, bone, and non-ve

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Zimmerman, M. S. "A field study of brook stickleback morphology: multiple predators and multiple traits." Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, no. 2 (2007): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-003.

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This field-based study examined a suite of morphological traits expressed by brook sticklebacks ( Culaea inconstans (Kirtland, 1840)) coexisting with two types of predator communities. “Small-predator” communities included gape-limited predators only; “mixed-predator” communities included both gape-limited and non-gape-limited predators. Across 26 study sites in three drainages, sticklebacks in small-predator communities had longer bodies, longer spines, and deeper midbodies than those in mixed-predator communities. The observed differences were consistent with the hypothesis that stickleback

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Palmer, Meredith S., and Craig Packer. "Reactive anti-predator behavioral strategy shaped by predator characteristics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256147.

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Large mammalian herbivores use a diverse array of strategies to survive predator encounters including flight, grouping, vigilance, warning signals, and fitness indicators. While anti-predator strategies appear to be driven by specific predator traits, no prior studies have rigorously evaluated whether predator hunting characteristics predict reactive anti-predator responses. We experimentally investigated behavioral decisions made by free-ranging impala, wildebeest, and zebra during encounters with model predators with different functional traits. We hypothesized that the choice of response wo

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Riquelme-Pérez, Nicolás, Catalina A. Musrri, Wolfgang B. Stotz, Osvaldo Cerda, Oscar Pino-Olivares, and Martin Thiel. "Coastal fish assemblages and predation pressure in northern-central Chilean Lessonia trabeculata kelp forests and barren grounds." PeerJ 7 (June 12, 2019): e6964. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6964.

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Kelp forests are declining in many parts of the globe, which can lead to the spreading of barren grounds. Increased abundances of grazers, mainly due to reduction of their predators, are among the causes of this development. Here, we compared the species richness (SR), frequency of occurrence (FO), and maximum abundance (MaxN) of predatory fish and their predation pressure between kelp forest and barren ground habitats of northern-central Chile. Sampling was done using baited underwater cameras with vertical and horizontal orientation. Two prey organisms were used as tethered baits, the black

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Russell, James C., and Margaret C. Stanley. "An overview of introduced predator management in inhabited landscapes." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 4 (2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18013.

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Predators play a critical role in ecosystems; however, when overly abundant, they can disrupt natural processes and cause extinctions of species. In particular, oceanic islands have endured many impacts of introduced mammalian predators. Whereas knowledge and management of introduced mammalian predators on islands is well advanced in natural landscapes, in inhabited landscapes, spanning rural and urban environments, comparatively less is known. We summarise key issues from the natural and social sciences in the management of introduced mammalian predators in inhabited landscapes of Aotearoa–Ne

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Ivie, Jansen, Owen George, and Scott F. Collins. "Assessing the Predatory Effects of Invasive Brown Trout on Native Rio Grande Sucker and Rio Grande Chub in Mountain Streams of New Mexico, USA." Conservation 2, no. 3 (2022): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation2030035.

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Invasive predators pose a critical threat to native taxa. Body size plays an important role in mediating the interactions of predator and prey. For piscivorous fishes, increased predator body size can be accompanied by the selection of increasingly larger prey or may reflect a mix of small and large prey. Knowledge of such interactions helps determine how predation affects population vital rates. Here, we assessed the predatory effects of invasive Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) on populations of native Rio Grande Sucker (Catostomus plebeius) and Rio Grande Chub (Gila pandora) in streams of the Jem

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Wiedenmann, Robert N., and Robert J. O’Neil. "EFFECTS OF LOW RATES OF PREDATION ON SELECTED LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY) (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 2 (1990): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122271-3.

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AbstractReproductive and survival patterns of the heteropteran predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were measured under low prey inputs. A single prey, mealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor L.), of one of two sizes (120 or 30 mg), was given to predators for a 24-h period every 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days. Additional treatments included: predators provided prey in excess of attack rates; predators given no food; and predators given green bean slices only. Results showed that predators provided with prey survived regardless of feeding interval. When given large prey, predators

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Orrock, John L., and Robert J. Fletcher. "An island-wide predator manipulation reveals immediate and long-lasting matching of risk by prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1784 (2014): 20140391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0391.

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Anti-predator behaviour affects prey population dynamics, mediates cascading effects in food webs and influences the likelihood of rapid extinctions. Predator manipulations in natural settings provide a rare opportunity to understand how prey anti-predator behaviour is affected by large-scale changes in predators. Here, we couple a long-term, island-wide manipulation of an important rodent predator, the island fox ( Urocyon littoralis ), with nearly 6 years of measurements on foraging by deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) to provide unequivocal evidence that prey closely match their foraging

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Webster, C., M. Massaro, D. R. Michael, D. Bambrick, J. L. Riley, and D. G. Nimmo. "Native reptiles alter their foraging in the presence of the olfactory cues of invasive mammalian predators." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (2018): 180136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180136.

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Invasive mammalian predators are linked to terrestrial vertebrate extinctions worldwide. Prey naïveté may explain the large impact invasive predators have on native prey; prey may fail to detect and react appropriately to the cues of novel predators, which results in high levels of depredation. In Australia, the feral cat ( Felis catus ) and the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) are implicated in more than 30 animal extinctions and the naïveté of native prey is often used to explain this high extinction rate. Reptiles are one group of animals that are heavily preyed upon by F. catus and V. vulpes . Ho

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Cremona, Fabien, Dolors Planas, and Marc Lucotte. "Assessing the importance of macroinvertebrate trophic dead ends in the lower transfer of methylmercury in littoral food webs." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 9 (2008): 2043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-116.

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Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations ([THg], [MeHg]) were measured in littoral macroinvertebrates from Lake St. Pierre, Quebec, Canada. Functional groups (detritivore, grazer, edible predator, inedible predator) explained the greatest fraction of [MeHg] variation compared with time (year, month), and space (station and shore). Greatest [THg] and [MeHg] were found in inedible predators mostly from families of heteropterans and coleopterans. Detritivores and grazers exhibited the lowest Hg concentrations, while edible predators were intermediate. Inedible predators also had the highest

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Bachiller, Eneko, and Xabier Irigoien. "Allometric relations and consequences for feeding in small pelagic fish in the Bay of Biscay." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 1 (2012): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss171.

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Abstract Bachiller, E. and Irigoien, X. 2013. Allometric relations and consequences for feeding in small pelagic fish in the Bay of Biscay. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:232–243. The body size of fish is an important factor in determining their biology and ecology, as predators eat prey smaller than themselves. Predator mouth size restricts the availability of possible prey. In this paper we provide the allometric relationships of eight common, small pelagic fish species in the Bay of Biscay. In addition, we describe the predator-prey size ratios for different species, and we determine

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Maier, Thomas J., and Richard M. DeGraaf. "Predation on Japanese Quail vs. House Sparrow Eggs in Artificial Nests: Small Eggs Reveal Small Predators." Condor 102, no. 2 (2000): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.325.

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Abstract Nest predation studies frequently use eggs such as Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) to identify potential predators of Neotropical migrants' eggs, but such eggs may be too large or thick-shelled to identify the full complement of potential predators. We compared predation events and predators of Japanese Quail and smaller House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs in paired, camera-monitored ground nests within edges and interiors of 40 mixed-hardwood forest stands in central Massachusetts. House Sparrow eggs were depredated significantly more than Japanese Quail eggs at both forest edg

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Johansson, Frank, and Eva Wahlström. "Induced morphological defence: evidence from whole-lake manipulation experiments." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 2 (2002): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-225.

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Predator-induced defences are activated by cues associated with predators and confer some degree of resistance to subsequent attacks. Laboratory studies of many taxa have revealed such induced defences, and these data often conform to large-scale surveys of defence levels in habitats with and without predators. However, there have been no studies that make the direct connection between these laboratory studies and field surveys. We conducted a large-scale field manipulation of predators to provide this connection. Previous laboratory experiments on dragonfly (Leucorrhinia dubia) larvae have de

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Manpoong, N. S., D. M. Firake, G. T. Behere, and T. Rajesh. "Biological attributes and feeding potential of three dominant predators of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 3 (2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15601.

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Basic biological attributes and feeding potential of three major predators viz., the seven spotted lady bird beetle <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em> Linnaeus and two syrphids <em>Episyrphus viridaureus</em> (Wiedemann) and <em>Betasyrphus isaaci</em> (Bhatia), of mustard aphid, <em>Lipaphis erysimi</em> were studied under laboratory conditions. The predators were multiplied on mustard aphids reared on mustard plants.<em> C. septempunctata, E. viridaureus </em>and<em> B. isaaci</em> completed their life cycle in 68.5± 6.5

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Breed, Greg A., Cory J. D. Matthews, Marianne Marcoux, et al. "Sustained disruption of narwhal habitat use and behavior in the presence of Arctic killer whales." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): 2628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611707114.

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Although predators influence behavior of prey, analyses of electronic tracking data in marine environments rarely consider how predators affect the behavior of tracked animals. We collected an unprecedented dataset by synchronously tracking predator (killer whales,N= 1; representing a family group) and prey (narwhal,N= 7) via satellite telemetry in Admiralty Inlet, a large fjord in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Analyzing the movement data with a switching-state space model and a series of mixed effects models, we show that the presence of killer whales strongly alters the behavior and distribut

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Jacobson, D. A., and T. J. Kring. "Efficacy of Predators Attacking Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs on Grain Sorghum in the Field." Journal of Entomological Science 30, no. 2 (1995): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-30.2.251.

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Exclusion and insecticidal disruption studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of predators of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), eggs on grain sorghum panicles in southwest and northeast Arkansas. Sets of three grain sorghum plants in a field were selected and one of three different treatments were applied to each plant in the trio. One panicle was fitted with an open cage with a large mesh that allowed colonization by most arthropod predators (particularly Orius insidiosus (Say)), but prevented feral H. zea moths from ovipositing on the panicles. The other two panicles in each tr

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Steneck, Robert S., Michael H. Graham, Bruce J. Bourque, et al. "Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (2002): 436–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000322.

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Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests develop globally and where, why and at what rate they become deforested. The ecology and long archaeological history of kelp forests are examined through case studies from southern California, the Aleutian Islands and the western North Atlantic, well-studied locations that represent the widest possible range in kelp forest biodiversity. Global distribution of kelp forests is physiologically constrained by ligh

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Dumack, Kenneth. "Cell rupture in Arcellinida through the lens of evolution." Acta Protozoologica 63, Special Issue (2025): 35. https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.25.004.21211.

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The majority of predatory protists are size-limited. Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) exhibit the remarkable ability to prey upon larger rganisms. Here, we examine the co-evolution of their robust shells and predatory behavior. Tracing back to the emergence of eukaryotes, we explore how early amoebozoan predators adapted their cytoskeletons to master phagocytosis. We speculate that the diversity of shell morphology as we see it in extant Arcellinida might be a direct result to their adaptation to prey on large organisms.

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Tang, Zhong-Hua, Qing Huang, Hui Wu, Lu Kuang, and Shi-Jian Fu. "The behavioral response of prey fish to predators: the role of predator size." PeerJ 5 (April 20, 2017): e3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3222.

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Predation is one of the key factors governing patterns in natural systems, and adjustments of prey behaviors in response to a predator stimulus can have important ecological implications for wild fish. To investigate the effects of predators on the behavior of prey fish and to test whether the possible effects varied with predator size, black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and snakehead (Channa argus) (a size-matched predator treatment with a similar body size to prey fish and a larger predator treatment with approximately 2.7 times of the body mass of prey fish) were selected to function as pr

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