Journal articles: 'Large-scale solar chimney power plant'

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Pretorius, Johannes P., and Detlev G. Kröger. "Solar Chimney Power Plant Performance." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 3 (January 23, 2006): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2210491.

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This paper evaluates the performance of a large-scale solar chimney power plant. The study considers the performance of a particular reference plant under specified meteorological conditions at a reference location in South Africa. A computer simulation program is employed to solve the governing conservation and draught equations simultaneously. Newly developed convective heat transfer and momentum equations are included in the numerical model and multiple simulations are performed. Results indicate 24hr plant power production, while illustrating considerable daily and seasonal power output variations. It is shown that plant power production is a function of the collector roof shape and inlet height.

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Kirstein, Carl F., and Theodor W. von Backström. "Flow Through a Solar Chimney Power Plant Collector-to-Chimney Transition Section." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 3 (January 27, 2006): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2210502.

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A solar chimney power plant consists of a large greenhouse-type collector surrounding a tall chimney. The air, heated within the collector, passes through an inlet guide vane (IGV)cascade and then through a transition section to a turbine that powers a generator. The transition section contains the turbine inlet guide vanes that support the whole chimney and guides the flow entering the turbine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the loss coefficient and mean exit swirl angle of the flow passing through the collector-to-chimney transition section of a full-scale solar chimney power plant as dependent on IGV stagger angle and collector roof height. Very good agreement was found between experimental values measured in a scaled model and commercial CFD code predictions of flow angles, velocity components, and internal and wall static pressures. The agreement between measured and predicted total pressure loss coefficient was reasonable when considering how small it is. The CFD code served to extend the predictions to a proposed full-scale geometry. Semi-empirical equations were developed to predict the loss coefficient and turbine mean inlet flow angles of solar chimney power plants as dependent on collector deck height and inlet guide vane setting angle. The two empirical equations may be useful in solar chimney plant optimization studies.

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Gannon, Anthony J., and Theodor W. von Backstro¨m. "Solar Chimney Cycle Analysis With System Loss and Solar Collector Performance." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 122, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1314379.

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An ideal air standard cycle analysis of the solar chimney power plant gives the limiting performance, ideal efficiencies and relationships between main variables. The present paper includes chimney friction, system, turbine and exit kinetic energy losses in the analysis. A simple model of the solar collector is used to include the coupling of the mass flow and temperature rise in the solar collector. The method is used to predict the performance and operating range of a large-scale plant. The solar chimney model is verified by comparing the simulation of a small-scale plant with experimental data. [S0199-6231(00)00503-7]

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Huang, Hui Lan, Xiang Chen, and Gang Li. "A Solar Thermal Power System with Gas-Liquid Injector and Hydroturbine." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.112.

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The characteristic of solar chimney power plant system is analyzed. For the key issue of low efficiency in solar chimney power plant system, a solar thermal power system with gas-liquid injector and hydroturbine is presented. This new system obtain the energy transferred process by gas-liquid injector. It is solar energy transformed into thermodynamic energy into potential energy and then into electricity. The density difference of work fluid is increased by gas-liquid phase transition in running process.The efficiency of solar thermal power generation is increased. In the case of the same cost, the theory power efficiency of new system increases one order of magnitude compared with the solar chimney power plant system. It proposes a new solution for large-scale application of solar thermal power technology.

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Li, Qing Ling, Xi Yan Fan, Xuan Xin, Jun Chao, and Yan Zhou. "Performance Study of Solar Chimney Power Plant System with a Sloped Collector." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.597.

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There is a solar chimney power plant system supported by southern sloped mountain for high latitudes. The sloped collector is built at suitable mountain hills, which also functions as a chimney. Then a short vertical chimney is added to install the vertical axis air turbine. Deduce and analysis the power and efficiency of the system. The result indicates that for northern latitude area near 35 degrees, the power and efficiency of the solar chimney power plant system with a appropriate sloped angle collector are higher than the solar chimney power plant system with a horizontal collector, besides, the system scale is bigger, the gap is more larger. Furthermore, the system can appropriately reduce the height of vertical chimney and construction problems.

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Ganguli, Arijit, Sagar Deshpande, and Aniruddha Pandit. "CFD Simulations for Performance Enhancement of a Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) and Techno-Economic Feasibility for a 5 MW SCPP in an Indian Context." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113342.

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The use of solar energy for power generation using the innovative solar chimney concept has been explored by many researchers mostly with the help of analytical models as well as CFD simulations while experimental studies for a pilot and bench scale facilities have been carried out. The efficiencies of these chimneys, however, are less than 1% (~0.07% for 50 kW pilot plant similar to Manzanares plant in Spain). In the present study, an effort has been made to make modifications in the chimney design to improve the efficiency of the chimney in terms of power generation. CFD simulations have been carried out for this modified design and the efficiency is seen to improve to 0.12% for a 50 kW chimney. Furthermore, a techno-economic feasibility analysis has been carried out for a conventional 5 MW solar power plant which can be installed on the western part of India, which receives good solar irradiation throughout the year. Two cases with and without government subsidies have been considered. It is observed that a high rate of return (~20.4%) is obtained for a selling price of electricity of Rs 5 per kWh with government subsidy, while a rate of return of ~19% is obtained for Rs 10 per kWh without government subsidy.

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Arun, Sreelekha. "Solar Chimney Power Plant - A Review on Latest Technological Advances for Performance Enhancement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 2434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34818.

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The energy consumption on global scale is continuously increasing, resulting in rapid use of energy resources available. Solar chimney power generation technology hence began to get growing attention as its basic model needs no depleting resources like fossil fuels for its functioning but only uses sunlight and air as a medium. It takes the advantage of the chimney effect and the temperature difference in the collector that produces negative pressure to cause the airflow in the system, converting solar energy into mechanical energy in order to drive the air turbine generator situated at the base of the chimney. Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) brings together the solar thermal technology, thermal storage technology, chimney technology and air turbine power generation technology. However, studies have shown that even if the chimney is as high as 1000 m, the efficiency achievable is only around 3%. Hence, this review paper intents to put together the new technological advancement that aims to improve the efficiency of SCPP.

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Khelifi, Cherif, Fateh Ferroudji, and Mohammed Ouali. "Analytical Modeling and Optimization of a Solar Chimney Power Plant." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 25 (August 2016): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.25.78.

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Wind and solar resources are diluted and intermittent on the earth; their combination allowed increasing their availability and stability. At great scale, the use of Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) technique constitutes a promising alternative to fossil fuel for generating electrical power particularly in rich regions of natural resources such as solar, wind, terrain, built material, water…etc.). Recently, various research works investigate the design and optimization of these systems under operating conditions. The analysis of different studies carried out on (SCPP), allowed to develop a parametric modelization approach in steady state, founded on 1D heat and mass transfer inside the (SCPP) in order to describe, optimize and to assess its performances under the influence of geometric, operating and ambiance conditions using Matlab-Simulink code. From the present simulation results, the (SCPP) appeared feasible since the temperature gradient of the airflow between the inlet and outlet of the chimney attains 13°C and remains constant during operating cycle. The (SCPP) output is strongly influenced by solar radiation intensity, air heater surface, and chimney height. The solar air heater, the tower (chimney) and the (SCPP) efficiencies obtained are 22.6%, 19.2% and 2.6% respectively.

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Bansod, P. J., S. B. Thakre, and N. A. Wankhade. "Study of Effect of Various Process Parameters on the Performance of Chimney Operated Solar Power Plant." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201716.

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Conventional energy sources like coal and oil used for power generation causes various environmental problems like creating pollution and creating ecological imbalance. These sources are also depleting due to lesser use of alternative resources. Chimney operated solar power plant is one of the best alternative which can be used to produce power in large capacity with the use of solar energy. It consist of very few number of parts like turbine, collector and chimney. This paper consist of study of effect of different process parameters on the performance this chimney operated solar power plant. A small prototype model of this power plant is fabricated which has collector of 1.8 m diameter and chimney of maximum height of 2.0 m. D.C motor with small generator and blades is used as turbine to get power output. The various process parameters like temperature, pressure, velocity are used to determine power output and efficiency of power plant. Numerous mathematical correlations were used to correlate these input and output parameters. The effect of chimney height on these parameters was studied. It was determined that temperature and velocity are the important parameters which improves the performance of solar chimney power plant along with chimney height and collector diameter.

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Nasraoui, Haythem, Zied Driss, Ahmed Ayadi, Abdallah Bouabidi, and Hedi Kchaou. "Numerical and experimental study of the impact of conical chimney angle on the thermodynamic characteristics of a solar chimney power plant." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 5 (June 27, 2019): 1185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408919859160.

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The goal of this paper is to study and optimize the conical chimney angle (α) of a divergent solar chimney power plant (DSCPP) by using CFD technique. The local airflow characteristics were analyzed in four configurations with different conical angles α = 0°, α = 3°, α = 6° and α = 9°. The first design is validated experimentally by using a pilot prototype build at the National School of Engineers of Sfax, Tunisia. In addition, some experimental results of the temperature, the velocity and the power output were presented during a typical day. A novel mathematical correlation was developed to prove the effect of the conical angle and the DSCPP scale on the power output. In fact, the relationship between the optimum conical angle and the system scale was performed based on both quadratic and cubic regressions. The computational results ensure that the conical chimney angle presents a parabolic tendency with the turbulence airflow characteristics and the power output. The performance of the DSCCP was degraded since the conical angle is greater than α = 3°. Furthermore, the optimum angle decreases with an increasing system scale. A commercial solar chimney with a conical angle around α = 1° presents an efficient system.

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Pretorius, Johannes P., and Detlev G. Kröger. "Sensitivity Analysis of the Operating and Technical Specifications of a Solar Chimney Power Plant." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (July 26, 2006): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2711473.

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This paper conducts a sensitivity analysis on the influence of the quality, thickness, reflectance, emissivity, shape, and insulation of the collector roof glass, the cross section of the collector roof supports, various ground types, ground surface roughness, absorptivity and emissivity, turbine inlet and bracing wheel loss coefficients, and the ambient pressure and lapse rate on the performance of a large-scale (reference) solar chimney power plant. Computer simulation results indicate that collector roof insulation, emissivity and reflectance, the ambient lapse rate, and ground absorptivity and emissivity all have a major effect on the power production of such a plant.

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Djimli, S., A. Chaker, T. E. Boukelia, A. Ghellab, and A. Bouraoui. "Study the Possibility of Implementing a Solar Chimney Power Plant in Algeria (Case study: Constantine)." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.226.

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This work offers the opportunity to consider the possibility of realizing a solar chimney power plant in the region of Constantine (Algeria). This region is characterized by its important solar radiation resource and ambient temperature. Based on actual measurements of Constantine weather station for the period of April 2020, the performance analysis of a solar chimney which have three times the dimensions of the Manzaneres prototype (Spain) is carried out using of Fluent software. The obtained results show that when the dimensions of the solar chimney are large, the impact of small changes in solar irradiation is negligible. Also, the studied power plant with dimensions of; 584 m height, a diameter of 30 m and a collector diameter of 732 m is capable of producing a monthly average of 72 to 296 MW of electrical energy, this energy production would be sufficient to meet the needs of rural areas located in this region.

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Schlaich, Jo¨rg, Rudolf Bergermann, Wolfgang Schiel, and Gerhard Weinrebe. "Design of Commercial Solar Updraft Tower Systems—Utilization of Solar Induced Convective Flows for Power Generation." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1823493.

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A solar updraft tower power plant—sometimes also called “solar chimney” or just “solar tower”—is a solar thermal power plant utilizing a combination of solar air collector and central updraft tube to generate a solar induced convective flow which drives pressure staged turbines to generate electricity. The paper presents theory, practical experience, and economy of solar updraft towers: First a simplified theory of the solar tower is described. Then results from designing, building and operating a small scale prototype in Spain are presented. Eventually technical issues and basic economic data for future commercial solar tower systems like the one being planned for Australia are discussed.

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Guzel, Muhammed Huseyin, Recep Emre Unal, Ahmet Onder, Muhammed Arif Sen, and Faruk Kose. "The fuzzy logic-based modeling of a micro-scale sloped solar chimney power plant." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 35, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0241-9.

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Yapıcı, Ekin Özgirgin, Ece Ayli, and Osama Nsaif. "Numerical investigation on the performance of a small scale solar chimney power plant for different geometrical parameters." Journal of Cleaner Production 276 (December 2020): 122908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122908.

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Balijepalli, Ramakrishna, V. P. Chandramohan, and K. Kirankumar. "Development of a small scale plant for a solar chimney power plant (SCPP): A detailed fabrication procedure, experiments and performance parameters evaluation." Renewable Energy 148 (April 2020): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.001.

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Harte, Reinhard, Martin Graffmann, and Wilfried B. Krätzig. "Optimization of Solar Updraft Chimneys by Nonlinear Response Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 283 (January 2013): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.283.25.

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Solar updraft chimneys (SUCs) form as engines of solar updraft power plants tower-like shell structures of extreme height with rather thin shell walls, similar to high chimneys comprising multiple flue gas ducts. The height of pre-designed SUCs presently reaches up to 1000 m. Thus they are exposed chiefly to extreme wind-loads and thermal actions from the internal flow of warm air. As first design attempt, the structural analysis of solar chimneys generally is carried out by linear elastic models. For optimization, the typical shell-like wind stresses have to be constraint towards a more beam-like response behavior, approaching as far as possible linear stresses over the entire chimney circumference. This requires rather strong ring stiffeners, either as spoke-wheels in the designs of sbp (Schlaich Bergermann and Partners) or as external stiffeners in the designs of K&P (Krätzig and Partners). Both alternatives require considerable construction efforts leading to high investment costs. There exists an interesting simplification of this stiffening, namely applying to the SUC shell relatively soft external rings, and admitting large-widths cracking in the limit state of failure. This cracking constraints and equalizes the meridional stresses over the chimney’s cross-section, saving large amounts of reinforcement steel in the SUC. The design requires materially nonlinear analyses to verify the internal forces under crack-formations. The manuscript will derive this concept and demonstrate the crack analysis by example of a 750 m high solar chimney.

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Caicedo, Paul, David Wood, and Craig Johansen. "Radial Turbine Design for Solar Chimney Power Plants." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030674.

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Solar chimney power plants (SCPPs) collect air heated over a large area on the ground and exhaust it through a turbine or turbines located near the base of a tall chimney to produce renewable electricity. SCPP design in practice is likely to be specific to the site and of variable size, both of which require a purpose-built turbine. If SCPP turbines cannot be mass produced, unlike wind turbines, for example, they should be as cheap as possible to manufacture as their design changes. It is argued that a radial inflow turbine with blades made from metal sheets, or similar material, is likely to achieve this objective. This turbine type has not previously been considered for SCPPs. This article presents the design of a radial turbine to be placed hypothetically at the bottom of the Manzanares SCPP, the only large prototype to be built. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to assess the turbine’s performance when installed in the SCPP. Multiple reference frames with the renormalization group k-ε turbulence model, and a discrete ordinates non-gray radiation model were used in the CFD simulations. Three radial turbines were designed and simulated. The largest power output was 77.7 kW at a shaft speed of 15 rpm for a solar radiation of 850 W/m2 which exceeds by more than 40 kW the original axial turbine used in Manzanares. Further, the efficiency of this turbine matches the highest efficiency of competing turbine designs in the literature.

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Gannon, Anthony J., and Theodor W. von Backstro¨m. "Solar Chimney Turbine Performance." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1530195.

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An experimental investigation of the performance of a solar chimney turbine is presented. The design features a single rotor and uses the chimney supports as inlet guide vanes (IGVs) to introduce pre-whirl. This reduces the turbine exit kinetic energy at the diffuser inlet and assists the flow turning in the IGV-to-rotor duct. The rotor configuration allows the supports to be placed directly under the chimney walls. Measurements from a scale model turbine are used to calculate the turbine performance and efficiency. Efficiencies over a wide operating range and detailed performance measurements at two operating points are presented. Total-to-total efficiencies of 85–90% and total-to-static of 77–80% over the design range are measured. The detailed measurements give insight into the turbine performance and possible design improvements. These results allow more accurate simulation of solar chimney power plants.

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Lorente, S., A. Koonsrisuk, and A. Bejan. "Constructal Distribution of Solar Chimney Power Plants: Few Large and Many Small." International Journal of Green Energy 7, no. 6 (December 14, 2010): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2010.529402.

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Fang, Shao Wen, and Xing Fei Yuan. "Construction Analysis of the Chimney of Solar Thermal Power Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 283 (January 2013): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.283.41.

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A 100MW solar chimney is high as one thousand meters, belonging to ultra-high-rise structure. Considering the complicated load condition, the large scale and long period of construction process, construction analysis is important to the structure. Using element birth and death technology in ANSYS, the whole construction process is simulated in this paper. Numerical results indicate that the deformation and internal force of the structure change a lot during the construction process. Great differences exist in property and magnitude between construction status and design status. To investigate the stability of the structure under wind and gravity load, the first eigen buckling mode with a value of L/300 and construction deformation are considered as initial imperfection respectively. The results show the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure considering construction deformation is lower than that considering the first-order initial imperfection.

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Liu, Xiao Hu, Qiu Yu Chen, Hui Liu, Hui Yu, and Fei Yi Bie. "Urban Solar Updraft Tower Integrated with Hi-Rise Building – Case Study of Wuhan New Energy Institute Headquarter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 283 (January 2013): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.283.67.

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The upfront cost and technical difficulties of constructing a Solar Updraft Tower is its current bottleneck. Based on the case study of Wuhan New Energy Institute headquarters, this paper proposes to integrate an urban Solar Updraft Tower with a hi-rise building design. The integrated design can reduce the construction cost greatly: the solar chimney integrated with the elevator shaft can avoid large investment on a detached chimney structure; the heat collector can be integrated with the roof garden to provide shaded public space. This type of small-scale, distributed Solar Updraft Tower is relatively low-cost and easy promoting. Potentially, it can build up a distributed energy system as a supplement for the power grid. Furthermore, it can provide valuable experimental data for future researches on large scale Solar Updraft Towers.

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Cottam, Patrick, Philippe Duffour, and Paul Fromme. "Thermodynamic Behaviour of the Solar Updraft Tower: A Parametric Model for System Sizing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 283 (January 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.283.3.

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The solar updraft tower (SUT) concept is an exciting renewable technology with the potential to deliver high power output. A comprehensive SUT sizing computer model has been developed to determine power output and thus appropriate system dimensions for different ambient conditions. The efficient thermodynamic model performs steady-state macro-scale simulations incorporating radiation and natural convection heat transfer mechanisms. The solar collector is simulated as a discretised, axisymmetric, radial system composed of thermal components. A set of linear simultaneous equations describes the heat exchanged between these components and is solved by matrix inversion. The short computation time of the model makes it ideal for parametric analysis of SUT plants across a range of dimensions. The thermodynamic performance of the collector proves to be a limiting factor of system power output. Results from the model show that for given chimney dimensions, there is a maximum collector size beyond which no further useful heat is added to the air as the system has reached thermal equilibrium. Therefore the only way to increase power output further is to increase chimney height and diameter as well as extending the collector diameter.

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Kolb, Gregory J., Richard B. Diver, and Nathan Siegel. "Central-Station Solar Hydrogen Power Plant." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (April 13, 2006): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710246.

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Solar power towers can be used to make hydrogen on a large scale. Electrolyzers could be used to convert solar electricity produced by the power tower to hydrogen, but this process is relatively inefficient. Rather, efficiency can be much improved if solar heat is directly converted to hydrogen via a thermochemical process. In the research summarized here, the marriage of a high-temperature (∼1000°C) power tower with a sulfuric acid∕hybrid thermochemical cycle was studied. The concept combines a solar power tower, a solid-particle receiver, a particle thermal energy storage system, and a hybrid-sulfuric-acid cycle. The cycle is “hybrid” because it produces hydrogen with a combination of thermal input and an electrolyzer. This solar thermochemical plant is predicted to produce hydrogen at a much lower cost than a solar-electrolyzer plant of similar size. To date, only small lab-scale tests have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of a few of the subsystems and a key immediate issue is demonstration of flow stability within the solid-particle receiver. The paper describes the systems analysis that led to the favorable economic conclusions and discusses the future development path.

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Toshov, Javoxir, and Elyor Saitov. "Portable autonomous solar power plant for individual use." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901087.

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Development and design of low power mobile and inexpensive solar stations are important for farmers, individuals, geologists and trotters. The most important aspect is ensuring reliability of units in times of transportation, convenience and operational ease as well as minimum dimensions, low price. All the above will ensure large-scale implementation of solar stations in various applications and utilizations.

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Zhao, Mingzhi, Yanling Zhang, Shijin Song, and Xiaoming Zhang. "Feasibility Analysis of Constructing Solar Power Plant by Combining Large Scale Wind Farm." Energy and Power Engineering 05, no. 04 (2013): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2013.54b017.

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Xu, Yangyang, Xinping Zhou, and Qiang Cheng. "Performance of a large-scale solar updraft power plant in a moist climate." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 91 (December 2015): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.07.124.

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Menéndez, Javier, and Jorge Loredo. "Economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912202004.

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In 2017, electricity generation from renewable sources contributed more than one quarter (30.7%) to total EU-28 gross electricity consumption. Wind power is for the first time the most important source, followed closely by hydro power. The growth in electricity from photovoltaic energy has been dramatic, rising from just 3.8 TWh in 2007, reaching a level of 119.5 TWh in 2017. Over this period, the contribution of photovoltaic energy to all electricity generated in the EU-28 from renewable energy sources increased from 0.7% to 12.3%. During this period the investment cost of a photovoltaic power plant has decreased considerably. Fundamentally, the cost of solar panels and inverters has decreased by more than 50%. The solar photovoltaic energy potential depends on two parameters: global solar irradiation and photovoltaic panel efficiency. The average solar irradiation in Spain is 1,600 kWh m-2. This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain. Equivalent hours between 800-1,800 h year-1 and output power between 100-400 MW have been considered. The profitability analysis has been carried out considering different prices of the electricity produced in the daily market (50-60 € MWh-1). Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were estimated for all scenarios analyzed. A solar PV power plant with 400 MW of power and 1,800 h year-1, reaches a NPV of 196 M€ and the IRR is 11.01%.

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Xu, Shun Xiang, and De Zhi Chen. "Blasting Demolition Technology and Vibration Testing of 210m Reinforced Concrete Chimney." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.986.

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This paper describes the successful experience of the directional control blasting of 210m-high reinforced concrete chimney of Nanchang Power Plant in Jiangxi Province called as “First height in Asia”. It emphatically describes the pretreatment measures, blasting cut shape and size, blasting parameters, electronic digital detonator detonating network and blasting safety technology. And the blasting vibration was tested and analyzed, and this paper presents the method for opening the arch overlarge oriented window and comprehensive protection method for anti-flyrock splash, vibration reduction and dustfall. Especially, the electronic digital detonator was first applied in the blasting demolition of 210m-high structures, it improves the delay precision and also has a good anti-stray current effect to ensure that the blasting can be safely implemented in the power plant, and it has a good application prospect in the future large-scale and high level complex engineering blasting.

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Price, Hank, Eckhard Lu¨pfert, David Kearney, Eduardo Zarza, Gilbert Cohen, Randy Gee, and Rod Mahoney. "Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Technology." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 24, 2002): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467922.

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Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale solar power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-scale solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. These plants, developed by Luz International Limited and referred to as Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS), range in size from 14–80 MW and represent 354 MW of installed electric generating capacity. More than 2,000,000m2 of parabolic trough collector technology has been operating daily for up to 18 years, and as the year 2001 ended, these plants had accumulated 127 years of operational experience. The Luz collector technology has demonstrated its ability to operate in a commercial power plant environment like no other solar technology in the world. Although no new plants have been built since 1990, significant advancements in collector and plant design have been made possible by the efforts of the SEGS plants operators, the parabolic trough industry, and solar research laboratories around the world. This paper reviews the current state of the art of parabolic trough solar power technology and describes the R&D efforts that are in progress to enhance this technology. The paper also shows how the economics of future parabolic trough solar power plants are expected to improve.

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Saidi, Abdelaziz Salah. "Investigation of Structural Voltage Stability in Tunisian Distribution Networks Integrating Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 13 (October 2020): 2050259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420502594.

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This research shows a structural voltage stability analysis of a distribution network incorporating large-scale solar photovoltaic power plant. Detailed modeling of the transmission network and photovoltaic systems is presented and a differential-algebraic equations model is developed. The resulting system state and load-flow Jacobian matrix are reorganized according to the type of the bus system in place of the standard injected complex power equations arrangement. The interactions among system buses for loading tests and solar photovoltaic power penetration are structurally scrutinized. Two-bus bifurcations are revealed to be a predecessor to system voltage collapse. The investigation is carried out by using bifurcation diagrams of photovoltaic generation margin, load-flow analysis, short-circuits, photovoltaic farm disconnections and loading conditions. Furthermore, evaluation of voltage stability reveals that the dynamic component of the voltage strongly depends on fault short-circuit capacity of the power system at the bus, where, the solar system is integrated. The overall result, which encompasses the views from the presented transmission network integration studies, is a positive outcome for future grid integration of solar photovoltaic in the Tunisian system. Tunisia’s utilities policies on integration of solar photovoltaic in distribution network is expected to benefit from the results of the presented study. Moreover, given the huge potential and need for solar photovoltaic penetration into the transmission network, the presented comprehensive analysis will be a valuable guide for evaluating and improving the performances of national transmission networks of other countries too.

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Zhai, Rongrong, Yongping Yang, Yong Zhu, and Denggao Chen. "The Evaluation of Solar Contribution in Solar Aided Coal-Fired Power Plant." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/197913.

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Solar aided coal-fired power plants utilize various types of solar thermal energy for coupling coal-fired power plants by using the characteristics of various thermal needs of the plants. In this way, the costly thermal storage system and power generating system will be unnecessary while the intermittent and unsteady way of power generation will be avoided. Moreover, the large-scale utilization of solar thermal power and the energy-saving aim of power plants will be realized. The contribution evaluating system of solar thermal power needs to be explored. This paper deals with the evaluation method of solar contribution based on the second law of thermodynamics and the principle of thermoeconomics with a case of 600 MW solar aided coal-fired power plant. In this study, the feasibility of the method has been carried out. The contribution of this paper is not only to determine the proportion of solar energy in overall electric power, but also to assign the individual cost components involving solar energy. Therefore, this study will supply the theoretical reference for the future research of evaluation methods and new energy resource subsidy.

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Azzahra, Septianissa, Isworo Pujotomo, and Muchamad Nur Qosim. "Solar Power Plant Grid Interactive and Building Integration Photovoltaic." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912514007.

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With the development of technology, the need for electricity is increasing. In terms of Indonesia's topology, the Solar Power Plant is most suitable for use in rural (remote) areas, known as the Solar Home System (SHS). This system is preferred because it is small in scale and uses a direct current (DC) system. This system can reduce costs because it does not use an inverter. But the weakness of this system is the difficulty of finding home electronic equipment such as TV, Radio / Tape and others that use DC, so the SHS system is not attractive to use. PLTS connected to PLN's electricity network, Interactive Grid, BIPV (Building Integration PV) is a hybrid application between the electricity network (PLN) and PLTS that are already widely used. Thus, PV-Genset Hybrids can reduce the inefficiency of operations and maintenance and reduce large initial investment costs

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Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah, Bright Kwame Afornu, and Michael Nii Sanka Ansah. "Effect of Solar Tracking on the Economic Viability of a Large-Scale PV Power Plant." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0085.

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AbstractThis paper evaluated the economic potential of three different photovoltaic energy technologies at a selected site, Wa, in the Upper West region of Ghana. The cost of energy and net present value metrics were used to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of these technologies (fixed, single and double axis tracker systems). From the analysis, all three technologies are economically viable at the selected site, however, a sensitivity analysis shows that the fixed axis tracker is unviable at a discount rate above 2 % whiles that of the single and double axis power plants also become impracticable at a discount rate above 6 % using the financial input parameters adopted for the study. This is an indication that, even though the selected site may have the required solar radiation for the development of large-scale PV power plant, there is the need to create the necessary conducive financial environment to enable such projects to become viable. The double axis tracking system was identified as the optimum system that should be deployed at the selected site to get the best in terms of affordability of electricity to consumers and equity payback.

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Bakos, G. C., and D. A. Petroglou. "Simulation study of a large scale line-focus trough collector solar power plant in Greece." Renewable Energy 71 (November 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.053.

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Li, Jian Lan, Ya Wen Zhang, Yan Ping Zhang, and Shu Hong Huang. "Structure Optimization Research for Solar Thermal Energy Storage System." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.172.

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Thermal energy storage is the main way to ensure solar power plant to generate electric in the form of stable and continuous. In this paper, a structure optimization model for large-scale, commercialization solar thermal energy storage system is proposed according to life cycle analysis. Based on the analysis of thermal energy storage medium, thermal energy storage tanks, insulation, bottom bearing structure, pump energy and land use, the optimization of thermal energy storage system is realized. Finally, the structure optimization design for 50MW solar power plant is implemented and storage tank’s geometric parameters are calculated. This research can provide technological support for large-scale application of solar thermal generation.

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Terrapon-Pfaff, Julia, Thomas Fink, Peter Viebahn, and El Mostafa Jamea. "Social impacts of large-scale solar thermal power plants: Assessment results for the NOORO I power plant in Morocco." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113 (October 2019): 109259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109259.

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Karaveli, Abdullah Bugrahan, Ugur Soytas, and Bulent G. Akinoglu. "Comparison of large scale solar PV (photovoltaic) and nuclear power plant investments in an emerging market." Energy 84 (May 2015): 656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.025.

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Zhang, Zhuo, and Hong Wei Li. "Control Method of Inverter for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2507.

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A grid-connected inverter control method to analyze dynamic process of large-scale and grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power station is proposed. The reference values of control variables are composed of maximum power output of the photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power plant and power factor specified by dispatching. Control strategy of dynamic feedback linearization is adopted. Nonlinear decoupling controller is designed for realizing decoupling control of real-and reactive-power. The cascade PI regulation is proposed to avoid inaccurate parameter estimation which generates the system static error. Simulation is carried out based on the simplified power system with large-scale photovoltaic plant model, the power factor, and solar irradiation, and bus fault are considered for the further research. Its demonstrated that the parameter adjustment of PI controller is simple and convenient, dynamic response of system is transient, and the stability of the inverter control is verified.

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Pang, Simian, Zixuan Zheng, Fan Luo, Xianyong Xiao, and Lanlan Xu. "Hybrid Forecasting Methodology for Wind Power-Photovoltaic-Concentrating Solar Power Generation Clustered Renewable Energy Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126681.

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Forecasting of large-scale renewable energy clusters composed of wind power generation, photovoltaic and concentrating solar power (CSP) generation encounters complex uncertainties due to spatial scale dispersion and time scale random fluctuation. In response to this, a short-term forecasting method is proposed to improve the hybrid forecasting accuracy of multiple generation types in the same region. It is formed through training the long short-term memory (LSTM) network using spatial panel data. Historical power data and meteorological data for CSP plant, wind farm and photovoltaic (PV) plant are included in the dataset. Based on the data set, the correlation between these three types of power generation is proved by Pearson coefficient, and the feasibility of improving the forecasting ability through the hybrid renewable energy clusters is analyzed. Moreover, cases study indicates that the uncertainty of renewable energy cluster power tends to weaken due to partial controllability of CSP generation. Compared with the traditional prediction method, the hybrid prediction method has better prediction accuracy in the real case of renewable energy cluster in Northwest China.

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Alsafasfeh, Qais, Omar Saraereh, Imran Khan, and Sunghwan Kim. "LS-Solar-PV System Impact on Line Protection." Electronics 8, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020226.

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Large-scale photovoltaic power station access to the grid will profoundly change the fault current characteristics of the power station’s outgoing lines. This change results in adaptive problems in traditional protection phase selection components, which may cause incorrect actions in reclosing, protection ranging, and distance protection. Based on the fault current characteristics of the large-scale photovoltaic power station transmission line, this paper analyzes the adaptability of the phase current difference mutation and the sequence component phase selection component in protecting the Photovoltaic (PV) power plant side of the transmission line. Based on the fault current analytical formula, the phase relationship between the phase current difference and the current sequence component under different control targets, such as suppressing negative sequence current, suppressing the active power fluctuation, and suppressing the reactive power fluctuation, is derived. The operational performances of the phase–phase current difference of the abrupt phase selection component and the sequence component phase selection component of the power station side are degraded, which may cause incorrect operation of the phase selection component. Based on the actual engineering parameters of a PV power plant, a simulation model was built in Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

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Smith, D. C., E. E. Rush, C. W. Matthews, J. M. Chavez, and P. A. Bator. "Operation of Large-Scale Pumps and Valves in Molten Salt." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930072.

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The molten salt pump and valve (P&V) test loops at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) operated between Jan. 1988 and Oct. 1990. The purpose of the P&V test was to demonstrate the performance, reliability, and service life of full-scale hot and cold salt pumps and valves for use in commercial central receiver solar power plants. The P&V test hardware consists of two pumped loops; the “Hot Loop” to simulate the hot (565°C) side of the receiver and the “Cold Loop” to simulate the receiver’s cold (285°C) side. Each loop contains a pump and five valves sized to be representative of a conceptual 60-MWe commercial solar power plant design. The hot loop accumulated over 6700 hours of operation and the cold loop over 2500 hours of operation. This project has demonstrated that standard commercial scale pump and valve designs will work in molten salt. The test also exposed some pitfalls that must be avoided in specifying such equipment. Although certainly not all of the pitfalls were discovered, careful design and specification should result in reliable or at least workable equipment.

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Miao Yu, Ning Ding, and Moritz Mauer. "The cost Benefit Analysis of Large Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant under New Market Environment in China." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 8 (April 30, 2013): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue8.56.

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Raush, Jonathan R., Terrence L. Chambers, Ben Russo, and Kenneth A. Ritter III. "Demonstration of Pilot Scale Large Aperture Parabolic Trough Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Thermal Power Plant in Louisiana." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 01, no. 07 (2013): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2013.17006.

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Kabanda, Herve, Alex Romard, Fuze Yurtsever, Anjali Wadhera, Joshua Andrews, and Craig Merrett. "Construction Time Estimation Function for Canadian Utility Scale Power Plants." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 5421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175421.

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Construction time and time overruns for infrastructure projects have been frequently studied; however, the construction time of power plants has not been studied. This lack of study is problematic, as more renewable energy power plants, such as wind and solar, are planned for many jurisdictions. Accurately estimating the construction time of a power plant will assist construction planning, budget estimates, and policy development encouraging the use of more renewable sources. The construction times of utility scale power plants in Canada were studied using publicly available data. Multiple linear regression analysis techniques were applied to the data to generate construction time estimation functions for all power plants together, and for individual technologies. The analyses reveal that construction time is sensitive to jurisdiction and the decade of construction, indicating that decisions made by individual Canadian provincial governments at different times had statistically significant impacts on construction time. The analyses also indicated that construction time is a strong function of installed capacity, independent of technology. This finding suggests that large solar or wind energy facilities will encounter longer construction times similar to large hydroelectric facilities.

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Anastasiadis, Anestis, Georgios Kondylis, Georgios A. Vokas, and Panagiotis Papageorgas. "Hydrothermal coordination in power systems with large-scale integration of renewable energy sources." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2015-0054.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of an ideal power network that combines many different renewable energy technologies such as wind power, concentrated solar power (CSP) and hydroelectric power. This paper emphasizes in finding the benefits arising from hydrothermal coordination compared to the non-regulated integration of the hydroelectric units, as well as the benefits from the integration of wind power and CSP. Design/methodology/approach – Artificial Neural Networks were used to estimate wind power output. As for the CSP system, a three-tier architecture which includes a solar field, a transmission-storage system and a production unit was used. Each one of those separate sections is analyzed and the process is modeled. As for the hydroelectric plant, the knowledge of the water’s flow rated has helped estimating the power output, taking into account the technical restrictions and losses during transmission. Also, the economic dispatch problem was solved by using artificial intelligence methods. Findings – Hydrothermal coordination leads to greater thermal participation reduction and cost reduction than a non-regulated integration of the hydrothermal unit. The latter is independent from the degree of integration of the other renewable sources (wind power, CSP). Originality/value – Hydrothermal coordination in a power system which includes thermal units and CSP for cost and emissions reduction.

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Alsafasfeh, Qais, Omar Saraereh, Imran Khan, and Sunghwan Kim. "Solar PV Grid Power Flow Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061744.

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As the unconstrained integration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) power into a power grid will cause changes in the power flow of the distribution network, voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation, and so on, system operators focus on how to determine and improve the integration capacity of PV power rationally. By giving full consideration to the static security index constraints and voltage fluctuation, this paper proposes a maximum integration capacity optimization model of the PV power, according to different power factors for the PV power. Moreover, the proposed research analyzes the large-scale PV grid access capacity, PV access point, and multi-PV power plant output, by probability density distribution, sensitivity analysis, standard deviation analysis, and over-limit probability analysis. Furthermore, this paper establishes accessible capacity maximization problems from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard node system and power system analysis theory for PV power sources with constraints of voltage fluctuations. A MATLAB R2017B simulator is used for the performance analysis and evaluation of the proposed work. Through the simulation of the IEEE 33-node system, the integration capacity range of the PV power is analyzed, and the maximum integration capacity of the PV power at each node is calculated, providing a rational decision-making scheme for the planning of integrating the distributed PV power into a small-scale power grid. The results indicate that the fluctuations and limit violation probabilities of the power system voltage and load flow increase with the addition of the PV capacity. Moreover, the power loss and PV penetration level are influenced by grid-connected spots, and the impact of PV on the load flow is directional.

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Hossain, Md Sakib, and Soad Shajid. "Solar Field Optimization and its Impact on Overall Design and Performance of Solar Tower Thermal Power Plant in Bangladesh." E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124201003.

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Electricity generation using solar thermal power systems can be made more efficient and both technically and economically feasible in countries receiving moderate solar radiation like Bangladesh through thorough optimization of different parts of the power plant. In this paper a theoretical and mathematical framework for optimization of a 150 MW solar tower thermal power plant in Bangladesh which uses molten salt as HTF has been developed by applying different methods of selecting crucial design aspects, such as design point DNI, solar multiple, design point temperature etc. after selecting the most appropriate location based on GHI and DNI data. The effect of these design aspects on the overall design of the power plant including the number of heliostats, solar field land area, tower height, receiver dimensions etc. have also been studied and finally the performance analysis of the power plant has been conducted. Analysis of performance reveals that the optimized power plant would be able to deliver 528.66 GW-h electricity annually to the national grid while operating at a capacity factor of 40.2% and gross-net conversion efficiency of 88.635%. The promising performance of the power plant would encourage further research and innovation regarding large scale electricity generation from solar energy in Bangladesh.

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Wang, Kang Ning, Chao Ying Yang, Jin Hao Wang, and Lin Liu. "Coordinated Control Strategies between Photovoltaic Power Plant in MW Level and the Power Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.518.

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The paper proposed control strategies for a large-scale photovoltaic power plant in different operating modes in order to improve the utilization of solar energy and power quality of the integration. Take one 3MW photovoltaic power plant as an example, the energy storage device was used as the node to provide frequency and voltage support during the switching period. Then the photovoltaic power generation simulation model was built based on the MW level photovoltaic power plant’s information and data on the PSCAD/EMTDC software platform. This model achieved a coordinated control between photovoltaic power generation and the grid under different operating modes. The simulation result also proved the effectiveness of the control strategies and the significance in ensuring the reliability of power supply and grid stability.

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Behar, Omar, Daniel Sbarbaro, and Luis Morán. "A Practical Methodology for the Design and Cost Estimation of Solar Tower Power Plants." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 8708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208708.

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Concerns over the environmental influence of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have encouraged researchers to develop alternative power technologies. Among the most promising, environmentally friendly power technologies for large-scale applications are solar power tower plants. The implementation of this technology calls for practical modeling and simulation tools to both size the plant and investigate the scale effect on its economic indices. This paper proposes a methodology to design the main components of solar power tower plants and to estimate the specific investment costs and the economic indices. The design approach used in this study was successfully validated through a comparison with the design data of two operational commercial power tower plants; namely, Gemasolar (medium-scale plant of 19.9 MWe) and Crescent Dunes (large-scale plant of 110 MWe). The average uncertainty in the design of a fully operational power tower plant is 8.75%. A cost estimation showed the strong influence of the size of the plant on the investment costs, as well as on the economic indices, including payback period, internal rate of return, total life charge costs, and levelized cost of electricity. As an illustrative example, the methodology was applied to design six solar power tower plants in the range of 10–100 MWe for integration into mining processes in Chile. The results show that the levelized cost of electricity decreases from 156 USD/MWhe for the case of a 10-MWe plant to 131 USD/MWhe for the case of a 100-MWe plant. The internal rate of return of plants included in the analyses ranges from 0.77% (for the 10-MWe case) to 2.37% (for 100-MWe case). Consequently, the simple payback ranges from 16 years (for the 100-MWe case) to 19 years (for the 10-MWe case). The sensitivity analysis shows that the size of the solar receiver heavily depends on the allowable heat flux. The degradation rate and the discount rate have a strong influence on economic indices. In addition, both the operation and the deprecation period, as well as the price of electricity, have a crucial impact on the viability of a solar power tower plant. The proposed methodology has great potential to provide key information for prospective analyses for the implementation of power tower technologies to satisfy clean energy needs under a wide range of conditions.

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