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Itani, Samir Youssef. "Behavior of base materials containing large sized particles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20291.
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FRID, SANDRA DE ALMIRANTE. "STUDY OF KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A LARGE-SIZED CHARTPLOTTER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1990. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33240@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental do funcionamento do protótipo de uma traçadora gráfica de grande porte, desenvolvida no Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da PUC-RJ. São detalhadas as características cinemáticas e dinâmicas do modelo de posicionamento adotado. As respostas de traçados são analisadas em função de diversas variáveis. É feito um estudo sobre rampa de aceleração e sua influência na qualidade do traçado. Finalmente, é apresentado um algoritmo, de traçamento de arcos de círculo, que permite maior versatilidade no seu funcionamento.
An experimental study of the performance of a large scale plotter developed and built at the Mechanical Engineering Department of PUC-RJ is undertaken. After analysis of the kinematical solution, the study is concerned with the dynamical response of the pen positioning system. The need of acceleration ramps becomes clear and their influence on the drawing quality is compared for several time delays. Finally, an algorithm for drawing circles and arcs based on a look-up table is presented. This algorithm is suitable for reducing data transfer between the controlling computer and the plotter.
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Davidson, Sarah. "Modelling channel morphodynamics associated with large wood in an intermediate-sized stream." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38087.
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The primary objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between wood load and reach-scale morphodynamics using a model system. Previous re- search has shown that large wood significantly impacts channel dynamics, espe- cially in small and intermediate sized forested streams where wood pieces are similar in length to channel width. Five experiments, each comprised of several five hour runs, were conducted using a stream table with wood loads scaled to 0 m³/m², 0.011 m³/m², 0.016 m³/m², 0.022 m³/m², and 0.028 m³/m². The addition of large wood significantly increased the flow resistance and decreased the reach-averaged velocity in all experiments. These hydraulic changes were associated with decreased sediment transport and increased sediment storage within the reach. Over time, increases in bed and water surface slope compensated for the loss of potential energy to flow resistance and enabled the system to reach a new steady state. The heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the hydraulic changes – with flow velocity and shear stress decreasing upstream of obstructions and increasing downstream of log steps – increased the facies complexity and pool frequency in the reach at the new steady state, and thereby increased habitat complexity. These results show that wood load is a primary control on channel morphodynamics and the availability of aquatic habitat in intermediate sized streams.
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Paloranta, Jimmie. "Interaction with a large sized augmented string instrument intended for a public setting." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187740.
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Interactive installations in public settings have increased in popularity over the past decade, as well as the construction of digital musical instruments. In this paper I present a study of the interaction with a large sized augmented string instrument intended for a large installation in a museum, with focus on encouraging creativity, learning, and providing engaging user experiences. In the study, 9 participants were video recorded while playing with the string on their own, followed by an interview focusing on their experiences, creativity, and the functionality of the string. I then used McCarthy and Wright’s framework for analysing technology as experience and Frank E Williams creativity taxonomy model to analyse the results. In line with previous research, results highlight the importance of designing for different levels of engagement (exploration, experimentation, challenge). However, results additionally show that these levels need to consider the users’ age and musical background as these profoundly affect the way the user plays with and experiences the string.Interaktiva installationer i offentliga miljöer har ökat i popularitet under det senaste decenniet, liksom även skapandet av digitala musikinstrument. I denna uppsats presenterar jag en studie av interaktionen med ett stort augmenterat stränginstrument avsedd för en stor installation i ett museum, med fokus på att uppmuntra kreativitet, lärande, och att ge engagerande användarupplevelser. I studien blev 9 deltagare videoinspelade samtidigt som de spelade med strängen på egen hand, följt av en intervju med fokus på deras upplevelse, kreativitet, och strängens funktionalitet Jag använde sedan McCarthy och Wrights ramverk för att analysera teknik som upplevelse och Frank E Williams kreativitets taxonomi för att analysera resultaten. I linje med tidigare forskning så betonar resultaten vikten av att designa för olika nivåer av engagemang (undersökande, experimenterande, utmaning). Dock så visar resultaten dessutom på att dessa nivåer måste ta hänsyn till användarnas ålder och musikaliska bakgrund då dessa starkt påverkar hur användaren spelar med och upplever strängen.
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Jakobsson, Catrin, Daniel Edvardsen, and Ola Henriksson. "Foreign Exchange Risk Management Practices : A Study of Swedish Medium- and Large-sized Companies." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11499.
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Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to describe which foreign exchange risk techniques that are used by medium- and large-sized Swedish companies within the Jönköping region, and how they as well as a bank evaluate the techniques in the current recession.
Background: The reason why companies decide to expand their operations abroad is to take advantage from imperfections in other national markets. The fluctuations in currencies and exchange rates can have a huge effect on a company’s cash flows when doing business abroad. Therefore, when companies manage their foreign exchange risk, they have to be familiar with all the methods and tools available in order to pick the ones that best suit their needs.
Method: We sent out a questionnaire and got it answered by eight companies within the Jönköping region regarding their strategy when managing foreign exchange risk. We have also interviewed a financial adviser, working at Handelsbanken, regarding the techniques offered to companies. A “foreign currency table” located in Linköping, was also contacted. They are in charge of creating recommendations and products sold by Handelsbanken.
Conclusion: Hedging is the most frequently used tool by the companies in our study. Leading and lagging strategies are used quite often, while swaps and invoice currency is used less frequently by them. Exposure netting and cash pooling does not seem to be used at all. We believe that companies generally should seek more information on new techniques introduced in the market and be open to new possibilities and solutions for managing currency risk. Most of the companies in our sample, according to us, are too comfortable in their choice of techniques.
Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva vilka valutarisk tekniker som används av medelstora och stora företag inom Jönköpings området, samt hur dessa företag och en bank utvärderar teknikerna i den rådande lågkonjunkturen.
Bakgrund: Anledningen till varför företag väljer att expandera utomlands är för att ta nytta av fördelar som uppstår i andra marknader. Fluktuationer i valutor och valutakurser kan ha stor effekt på företagens kassaflöden när handel utomlands utförs. När företag hanterar sin valutarisk måste de vara familjära med de olika metoder som finns tillgängliga, för att få reda på vilka av dessa som bäst tillgodoser deras behov.
Metod: Åtta företag inom Jönköpings regionen, svarade på ett formulär, angående deras strategi när det kommer till hantering av valutarisk. Vi har även intervjuat en företags rådgivare på Handelsbanken, angående teknikerna som de erbjuder företagen. Valutabordet i Linköping har också blivit kontaktat. De har till uppgift att ta fram rekommendationer och produkter som säljs av Handelsbanken.
Slutsats: Hedging är den teknik som används mest av företagen i vår undersökning. Leading och lagging används rätt så ofta, medan swaps och invoice currency används mer sällan av dem. Exposure netting och cash pooling tycks inte användas alls. Vi anser att företag generellt ska eftersöka mer information om nya tekniker som introduceras på marknaden samt vara öppna för nya möjligheter och lösningar till att hantera valutarisk. De flesta av de undersökta företagen anser vi i dagsläget är för bekväma i sina val av tekniker.
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Micallef, Christopher. "Investigating the strategic alignment of knowledge management orientation in Maltese medium to large sized organisations." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4793.
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Recent studies related to knowledge-based business processes, organisational culture and leadership have shown that a link with business performance exists. However the overall link and alignment with business strategy still needs further research. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate this gap in Maltese medium to large-sized organisations, with the aim of providing evidence that knowledge-based management systems provide direct contribution to both the strategic alignment and organisational performance. Most current knowledge management literature is based on qualitative research which more often than not has led towards the development of models that contradict each other. In this research a totally different approach will be sustained through the use of quantitative research techniques, which will be applied to existing knowledge management models. Another objective is to investigate how knowledge management strategies relate to strategic orientations in Maltese medium to large-sized organisations. In order to investigate these objectives, research was conducted by using a questionnaire-based strategic alignment model derived from literature, which focussed on the business environment, business strategy, knowledge orientation and organisational performance of Maltese medium to large-sized private and public organisations. It is evidently clear from the findings that there is a significant difference in knowledge management practices between Maltese organisations adopting different strategic orientations. It has also been established that twenty-one knowledge oriented components were significantly correlated with organisational performance, which can be classified in terms of performance category. Ultimately this dissertation develops a knowledge orientation typology for Maltese organisations, linking knowledge orientation and business strategy for Maltese medium to large-sized organisations.
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Jang, Seon Deog. "The Effect of Stock Splits on Small, Medium, and Large-sized Firms Before and After Decimalization." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407794/.
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This study examines the impact of reducing tick size and, in particular decimalization on stock splits. Based on previous studies, this study examines hypotheses in the following three areas: first, market reaction around stock split announcement and ex-dates, second, the effect of tick size on liquidity after stock split ex-dates, and third, the effect of tick size on return volatility after stock split ex-dates. The impact of tick size on market reaction around split announcement and ex-dates is measured by abnormal returns and buy and hold abnormal returns (BHARs). Also, this study investigates the long term impact of decimalization on market reaction for small, medium, and large firms for the three different tick size periods. The effect of tick size on liquidity after stock split ex-dates is measured by turnover, relative bid ask spread, and market maker count. The effect of tick size on return volatility around stock split announcement and ex-dates is measured by return standard deviation. Also, this study investigates the long term impact of decimalization on volatility after split ex-dates for small, medium, and large firms for three different tick size periods.
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Rehm, Thomas Helge. "A Guide to Supramolecular Assemblies in Polar Solutions : From Nanometre-Sized Cyclic Dimers to Large Vesicular Structures." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2008/2835/.
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Tin, Tan Jok. "An empirical study of medium to large-sized companies in Singapore : environment, competency, strategy types and performance." Thesis, Henley Business School, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486825.
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This empirical research, done in Singapore, contributes to knowledge in the area of business strategy. There is currently a lack of literature concerning the strategy dynamics of successful companies in Singapore. The primary goal of this study is to develop a theoretically based, economical framework for the examination of the relationships between environment, distinctive marketing competency, strategy types and performance. In order to achieve this, prior literature examining the linkages between strategy types, the environment, competency and performance was reviewed and integrated to derive two broad theoretical propositions for the strategic approach taken by companies in aligning themselves to their environment. Broadly, the research addresses the question whether there is one best business strategy based on distinctive marketing competencies for a given competitive environment. My research intends to build on the findings of Parks, Don Morgan (1988) who, in his earlier study of companies in Texas, USA, sought to provide an understanding of the relationship between strategy, environment and performance. This study, along with Parks (1988), is based on the Miles and Snow (1978) strategic typology. Porters (1980) Five Forces framework is similarly adopted as the environment construct. In this effort to replicate and extend the study of Parks (1988) in the Singapore context, I have, however, added a new dimension using Distinctive Marketing Competency as a moderating variable. This competency variable was used by Conant et al (1990) in another study on strategic types and organizational performance in the United States. Three main strategy scholars, namely Miles and Snow (1978), and Michael Porter (1980) will influence my research work. The final survey instrument that I used for gathering data from medium to large-sized companies in Singapore was a combination of survey questionnaire of two major research pieces, based on the prior work of Parks (1988) and Conant et al (1990) and hence could be considered as reasonably well validated. In order to ensure that the questions developed for the survey would be meaningful, exhaustive yet relevant in the local Singapore context to CEOs and Senior Managers, a pilot study of 16 companies representing the four industry types in Singapore wa.s conducted over a three month period. This 'mini' pilot study revealed that 14 out of the 16 participating organizations classified their organizations as either belonging to the Prospector or Defender strategy type. Two organizations classified themselves as Analyzer, and no Reactor type organization was identified. Hence, to test the propositions for the two broad strategy types as adopted by companies in Singapore, the three constructs were operationalized in a multi- dimensional manner. Strategy was conceptualized in terms of the Miles and Snow (1978) strategic typology which delineates comprehensive and internally consistent postures of organizational behaviour encompassing their structures and processes. The environment construct was operationalized using Porter's (1980) Five Forces framework, while distinctive marketing competencies as used by Conant ef al (1990) was adopted as the competency construct. All these had been found significant in previous research. Finally, performance was operationalized using Return on Investment as the construct. The data that I used to perform the empirical test were obtained from objective primary sources. A total of 64 responses from Chief Executive. Officers and Senior .Managers of medium and large-sized companies were received out of a tot~1 of 100 companies invited to participate. The data obtained was subject to a series of statistical analyses. Factor analysis was performed to determine the hidden constructs which could characterize a strategy type. A multiple regression model was developed to explore whether there was any relationship between performance and the firm's competency factor, while cluster and dis~riminant analysis were also attempted with satisfactory results. Approximately 60 per cent of the companies surveyed were found to be of the Prospector type organizations as determined by the characteristics portrayed by these companies. In the factors in which they seemed to excel, they fit the description of the Prospector type strategy as defined by Miles and Snow (1978). As a majority of the companies in the sample are from the service sectors (Which include banking & financial services) and engineering (which includes system solution providers), it is therefore not surprising that the Prospector type strategy is predominant. For the remaining firms that have adopted a Defender type strategy, it may be due to the fact that most of these enterprises are business organizations supporting the multinational corporations (MNCs), and hence they' are reqUired to be more cost-efficient and focused. In the long run, however, these firms may evolve into adopting a more proactive strategy such as the Pros'pector types as the business environment changes. The results of this empirical study are significant for several reasons. Besides offering a replication and an extension of Parks' (1988) study in Texas, USA to a multi-industry organizational sample in a different country (Singapore). the primary contributions of my study to theory includes the testing and validation that there exists a re.lationship between distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance, and that a strong association exists between strategy types and distinctive marketing competencies of business organizations. Another contributory finding is that the environment in which firms operate has an impact on its performance, and henct9 a firm's distinctive abilities to deal with the environment will have to be developed in consonance with its strategic posture. Besides the above, it was also found in this study that the Miles and Snow (1978) strategic typology is still valid today, perhaps in a less structured form. The compartmentalization into 4 categories as Prospector, Analyzer, Defender and Reactor may become less viable or applicable in today's highly globalize and competitive environment. Such findings first surfaced dUring the pilot study. The contribution of this empirical study to business managers is the finding that most, if not all companies in Singapore adopted strategic posture in congruence with their environments, and that both Prospectors and the Defenders type of organization could perform equally well in terms of profitability, though the Prospector type of organization tends to have more superior marketing competencies. It may also be interesting to note that companies, from .examples in Singapore, do not necessarily stay or belong permanently to a particular strategy-type over its complete operating life. Singapore Telecom, a major provider of telecommunication services in Singapore and the Asia Pacific region as well as in Europe is one of such companies. Because of deregulation and convergence of services that led to significant changes in the burgeoning telecommunications industry of Singapore, and hence undermining its domestic monopolistic position, Singapore Telecom shifted its strategic posture �·from a defender strategy type to that of a prospector and has been actively pursuing a regional growth strategy in recent years. Singapore Airlines is another example of a defender to a prospector strategy type organization. Having moved from its strong base of core businesses which enabled it to achieve profitable growth over the years, it now has a strategic shareholding also in Air New Zealand as well as a 49% stake of Virgin Atlantic. Singapore Airlines with its bold growth initiatives in recent years, apparently has its mind set on further acquisitions in the coming years to build an even larger and more successful as well as profitable group of airlines and airline related companies.
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Wang, Lei. "Endogenous technology development and innovation performance : microeconomic evidence from large and medium-sized enterprises of China's manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611152.
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Jiménez, Mónica. "Job Quality and Its Consequences For The Workforce of Large, Medium-Sized, and Public-Sector Companies in Argentina." Economía, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116807.
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This article aims to investigate whether this labor heterogeneity within large, medium-sized and public-sector companies (MGEySP) during 1995-2014 could have generated a more complex segmentation related to the existence of formal and informal workers. For this segmentation, different scenarios are analyzed considering the characteristics of jobs based on the notion of job quality introduced by ILO (2002). The period under study allows consideration of different labor, economic and social settings. Although more than 78% of workers work for MGEySP, the literature has paid little attention to them because of the assumptions that are made about their features and operation. Also, this paper questions the studies in Argentina which argue that labor segmentation occurs only as a result of informal employment or employment within the informal sector. The evidence confirms some assumptions made about segmentation and the presence of a complex structure.Este artículo tiene por objetivo investigar si la heterogeneidad laboral presente en las MGEySP, durante 1995-2014, pudo haber generado una segmentación más compleja que la relacionada con la existencia de trabajadores formales e informales. Para ello se analizan distintas hipótesis de segmentación considerando las características de los puestos de trabajo desde la noción de calidad del empleo introducida por OIT (2002). El período bajo estudio permite considerar diferentes escenarios laborales, económicos y sociales. Pese a que más del 78% de los trabajadores se desempeñan en las MGEySP, la literatura le ha prestado poca atención debido a los supuestos que se realizan sobre sus características y funcionamiento. Asimismo, la hipótesis de estudio cuestiona los estudios en Argentina que sostienen que la segmentación laboral se produce exclusivamente como consecuencia del empleo informal o al interior del sector informal. La evidencia confirma algunas hipótesis de segmentación formuladas y la presencia de una estructura compleja.
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Liebherr, Raphaela Barbara [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Wegener. "Analysis of individual enzyme molecules in large arrays of femtoliter-sized reaction chambers / Raphaela Barbara Liebherr. Betreuer: Joachim Wegener." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072820587/34.
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Zhang, Ying. "Teaching listening in large sized classes : a case study in Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology in China." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617077.
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Influenced by the examination-oriented education system, Chinese students in primary and secondary schools are mainly taught to focus on the English reading and writing skills, having little chance though to develop their communicative skills of listening and speaking. Accordingly, listening is regarded as one of the weakest skills for most Chinese students who study English. With the remarkable expansion of university enrolment in China, an increasing number of students can access higher education. However, due to budget issues, inadequate facilities and the lack of English teachers, the teaching and learning of English in large classes is common in Chinese universities. The aim of this study is to explore both teachers' and students' perceptions of large sized listening classes, investigate teachers' listening teaching models and approaches adopted in the context of a large sized class, and attempt to identify the impact that large class size has on the shaping of the present listening teaching models. The data have been collected by administering questionnaires to 29 teachers and 181 students, and by conducting follow-up interviews with 16 teachers and 51 students from the Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (HNUST) in China. The findings demonstrate that large class size is generally viewed in negative terms by both teachers and students. The challenges that arise from large sized listening classes are chiefly manifested in three dimensions: 1) teaching practices, including individualisation, interaction and activity organisation; 2) classroom management: attendance and student misbehaviour; 3) affective factors: anonymity and inattentiveness. It is found that the interrelation among factors such as large class size, limited teaching hours, coverage of contents, insufficient use of teaching facilities in language labs and students' mixed listening proficiency levels might result in the traditional teacher-centred teaching model that is generally employed in large sized listening classes in HNUST.
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Medori, G. M. D. "Establishment of non-financial performance measures in medium to large-sized manufacturing organisations consistent with world class manufacturing objectives." Thesis, Coventry University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245299.
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Lindgren, Frida, and Emma Nyberg. "HOW TO MANAGE SELF-LEADERSHIP IN REMOTE ENVIRONMENTS : A qualitative study made on Swedish medium and large-sized organizations." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184992.
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Covid-19 affected the world's population when the pandemic became a global problem at the start of 2020. The effects of the pandemic placed demands on various countries and their inhabitants. But also on organizations in sundries sectors. Globally, and specifically on the Swedish labor market, the effects of covid-19 have contributed to increased use of technology to enable continued work, elsewhere than physically on site. This has created opportunities but also challenges for managers to motivate subordinates and get them to work towards the organization's set goals. Self-leadership is thus a concept that is important to understand and handle in the current situation, as it can lead to increased motivation and performance of individuals. Previously published research points out how leaders can work to promote self-leadership. e.g. by adapting individuals' characteristics and commitment to the nature of the task. How self-leadership is promoted in the Swedish labor market, under digital conditions in remote work, is however still unclear. We know, from previously published research, that self-leadership, clear goals, motivation, and self-efficacy all have an influence on each other. They further serve as a prerequisite for organizational performance and goal fulfillment. But there is no answer as to how this can be promoted under current digital conditions. Swedish companies are moreover at the forefront when it comes to innovation development and the shift to digital resources, as a result of the pandemic. But there is no explanation for the connection between self-leadership and its new challenges with digital work, nor on the Swedish labor market. The intention of this study is therefore to fill the research gap with a qualitative and empirical study on Swedish medium and large-sized companies, where the effects of covid-19 proved to be extensive. The goal is moreover to answer the question and explain how Swedish medium-sized and large organizations manage self-leadership under presented conditions. This issue includes both leaders and employees, and the study groups have thus both been included in the study to create a holistic understanding of how self-leadership is handled in the above-mentioned contexts. The results, based on five employees, and four leaders in various sectors and organizations, show that enabling recurring opportunities for social interactions, support and to convey a transparent culture with clear goals is necessary to manage self-leadership in remote environments. Having a thorough opportunity for support in the organization and creating opportunities for social interactions is something that this study has significantly contributed to the research. This is because these phenomena have not previously been presented of any particular importance, nor have they been promoted as necessary for the management of self-leadership in a remote context. In this study, however, it has been shown to be extremely necessary, from the point of view of both managers and employees. This, to enable self-leadership, increase motivation and self-efficacy in the Swedish labor market, which positively can affect individual- and organizational performance and goal fulfillment.
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Sehar, Fakeha. "Impact of Ice Storage on Electrical Energy Consumption in Large and Medium-sized Office Buildings in Different Climate Zones." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35291.
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Cooling demand constitutes a large portion of total electrical demand for office buildings during peak hours. Deteriorating load factors, increased use of more inefficient and polluting peaking units are the aftermaths of growth in peak demand challenging energy system efficiency and grid reliability.
Ice storage technology can help shift this peak cooling demand to off-peak periods. Ice storage reduces or even eliminates chiller operation during peak periods. The objective of the research is to analyze the chiller energy consumption of conventional non-storage and ice storage cooling systems for large and medium-sized office buildings in diverse climate zones. The research also quantifies the peak energy savings as a result of ice storage systems.
To accomplish the thesis objectives the Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool (DRQAT) has been used to model and simulate large and medium-sized office buildings in diverse climate zones with non-storage and ice storage cooling systems. Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool (DRQAT) has been developed by LBNLâ s Demand Response Research Center. It is based on the most popular features and capabilities of EnergyPlus and is downloadable from [1]. The construction and weather files in DRQAT have been modified to incorporate construction standards and weather data for the cities representing the diverse climate zones. The ice storage systemâ s operating and control strategies investigated include full storage and partial storage with storage priority and chiller priority.
Research findings indicate that chiller energy consumption for non-storage and ice storage systems depends highly on climatic conditions. The climate zones with hot summers as well as small day and night temperature variations show higher chiller energy consumption. The marine climate zone has the lowest chiller energy consumption. The cold/humid climate zone has higher chiller energy consumption than the cold/dry and very cold climate zones. The cold/dry and very cold climate zones have comparable chiller energy consumption. The research findings will help utilities and building owners to quantify the benefits of installing ice storage systems in office buildings located in different climate zones.Master of Science
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Youssef, Amr ElSayed A. E. "The contingent factors that affect the use of performance measurement systems in the Egyptian medium and large sized manufacturing companies." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1818/.
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Wieme, Lesley Liliane Patricia. "The importance of frequent flyer programmes in airline selection : a survey of corporate travel management in large-sized corporations in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24641.
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In many organisations, air travel is an essential part of conducting business in order to meet company objectives and goals. The selection of a preferred airline is a complex undertaking. Corporations may obtain discounts based on expenditure commitments; the airline may have a frequent flyer programme; or a low cost carrier may offer a better alternative to full service carriers. The literature on corporate travel is fairly limited with determinants determining the selection of airlines having been studied from other perspectives such as the business traveller, thus, this study should make a significant contribution to this field by generating new information on corporate travel and in particular corporate air travel decisions. The literature review provides a demarcation of the broad concepts of the buying approach towards corporate air travel. Also discussed is the relationship between the key role players in airline selection: the corporate traveller; the travel management company; and the airline. Various determinants of airline selection by corporations are identified and the role of frequent flyer programmes is analysed. Furthermore, the move towards low-cost airlines as a preferred choice for corporate travel is investigated. The empirical phase of the research study focussed on identifying the determinants of airline selection by large-sized corporations in South Africa; the relative importance of frequent flyer programmes; and the move towards low-cost airlines as a preferred choice for corporate travel. The target population was sampled using a non-probability convenience sampling approach with a newly designed quantitative, ex post facto web-based questionnaire, distributed via e-mail to the target population. Exploratory factor analysis was done to identify whether an underlying structure of airline selection determinants exists from which the relative importance of frequent flyer programmes could be assessed. From the results, a model of corporate airline selection determinants was derived. Then, the model was compared to the conceptual model formulated from the literature survey. A number of important selection determinants were identified, and it became evident that frequent flyer programmes are, generally, not considered a decisive determinant in the selection of a preferred airline by corporations. However, the influence of low-cost airlines was shown to be considerable, in line with the endeavour to save on air travel expenses within a corporate air travel management programme. The findings should assist both corporations and airlines with the design of their air travel buying approaches and marketing strategies respectively.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Tourism Management
Unrestricted
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Zhang, Jiateng, and Donghui Yang. "Attitudes of Managers to work with Sustainability in Medium and Large-Sized Corporations : Garbage Classification in Yangtze River Delta Region in China." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53078.
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Sustainability is becoming an important role in almost all industries in the world. Sustainability can not only improve the quality of the environment, but also help the enterprises to save cost in order to have more profit. It is necessary to have sustainability to help in the balance between human beings’ activities and nature. This research has the purpose of developing theories that can explain the current managers’ attitudes to work with sustainability in medium and large-sized corporations in China, by analyzing the garbage classification situation as the breakthrough point. The selected region is the most developed region in China, and all 13 interviewees are from medium and large-sized corporations within this region. The collected data shows that after the formation of managers’ attitudes, improving positivity, engaging with stakeholders, gaining knowledge and increasing innovation are key roles in the formation of companies’ sustainable orientation. There are seven parts of the research: Introduction, Frame of Reference, Methodology, Findings, Discussion, Limitations & Further Research, and Conclusion. The background of this study is introduced in the first part. Many literatures with similar study topics are used as references in the second part, and some developed theories from the literature are used to help develop new theories. The research approach, methods of collecting and analyzing data, and how authors ensure the quality and ethics of the whole research are explained in the Methodology. Findings of data collected from interviews and conversations are presented, and related discussion about “how and why” is followed afterwards. The authors also IIdiscussed the limitations of this research and gave suggestions on how this research can be modified if any further research is conducted. The last part gives a general view of this research, and the developed theories are presented as well.
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Bernroider, Edward, and Michel J. Leseure. "Enterprise resource planning (ERP) diffusion and characteristics according to the system's lifecycle. A comparative view of small-to-medium sized and large enterprises." Institut für Informationsverarbeitung und Informationswirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1354/1/document.pdf.
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This report represents the next step of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)related research at the Department of Information Business at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration following previous work on the selection process. Based on 209 datasets originating from a primary, national and industry independent survey, it provides a descriptive oriented overview of main characteristics of ERP in all stages of the system's lifecycle, emphasising differences between small-to-medium sized and large enterprises (SMEs and LEs). The given research topics in particular comprise software diffusion, resources allocated, strategic project guidance, investment drivers, considered and chosen solutions, team structures, selection criteria, information gathering, methodical support, implementation approaches, acompanying business strategies, implementation problems, perceived utilisation of ERP benefits, firm level ERP impact, and the role of ERP systems as technology enabler. Future work based on the gathered data will document analytical projects undertaken in particular focusing on ERP success, enterprise integration, organisational fit of ERP, and BPR/BPI related questions.Series: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations
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Wu, Hung-Chu. "Evaluation of employers initial orientation and on-th-job training in mid- to large-sized hotels in the Twin Cities with regard to service training." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002wuh.pdf.
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Molina, Vacas Guillem. "Respostes de l’ús del territori al paisatge en mamífers de mida gran i mitjana / Responses Of Territory Use To Landscape In Large And Medium-Sized Mammals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/69958.
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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és avançar en el coneixement de l’ús que els meso-mamífers fan del paisatge mediterrani amb diferents nivells d’urbanització i de quina manera les variacions en aquest s’associen a variacions en el seu comportament, ecologia i, per tant, en la conservació. Tenint en compte el creixement de la població humana en les àrees mediterrànies i el desenvolupament de les infraestructures viàries associat a aquest creixement, l’estudi de les respostes de l’ús del territori en aquests ambients periurbans poden resultar de gran utilitat en un futur, quan gran part dels espais naturals mediterranis es trobaran sota aquestes condicions “periurbanes”. Les diferents característiques de cada espècie estudiada i el comportament esquiu i quasi pràcticament nocturn que presenten, implica la integració de diferents metodologies per al seu estudi. Per tal d’abordar aquesta proposta inicial, l’estudi es planteja a diferents nivells d’anàlisi i des de perspectives diferents. La primera part de la tesi, integrada pels capítols ú al tres, tracta sobre l’organització espacial dels individus, analitzada tant des del punt de vista de l’organització de l’espai, com de la selecció de l’hàbitat. La segona part de la tesi, formada pels capítols quatre i cinc, tracta d’una problemàtica més unida a les característiques periurbanes de Collserola: la incidència del trànsit viari sobre la supervivència de les espècies i la connectivitat de l’àrea amb altres zones perifèriques.
Al primer capítol s’analitza de quina manera les diferències en el paisatge s’associen a diferències en el patró espacial en dos poblacions de teixó. Estudiar la mida dels grups, domini vital, àrees de màxima activitat, densitat poblacional i patró de comportament espacial dels teixons als parcs de Collserola i Montserrat mitjançant el marcatge d’individus amb collars radio-emissors. Complementàriament, al segon capítol s’analitza la disponibilitat dels diferents tipus d’hàbitat en la mesura que afecta la situació dels dominis vitals, nuclis d’alimentació i la ubicació dels caus; per a la qual cosa s’ha estudiat la selecció de l’hàbitat dels teixons de Montserrat i Collserola en relació al nivell de domini vital, nuclis d’alimentació, i l’ambient circumdant a les teixoneres. Arrel dels resultats obtinguts amb la selecció de l’hàbitat dels teixons en el capítol anterior, al tercer capítol es va desenvolupar un altre treball sobre la selecció de l’hàbitat de tres espècies més de mamífers del parc de Collserola: guineus, gats mesquers i porcs senglars, per tal d’esbrinar els hàbitats importants per a cada espècie i observar si hi ha un patró general per al conjunt d’espècies.
D’altra banda, a la segona part de la tesi, al quart capítol, s’analitzen algunes de les variables que poden afectar la localització, estacionalitat i distribució dels atropellaments de mamífers al parc de Collserola, per tal de trobar algun patró general o específic de cada espècie que ajude a minvar parcialment les morts de fauna salvatge per atropellament, alhora que es redueix la sinistralitat vial en zones perifèriques a espais naturals. Finalment, al cinquè capítol es realitza una comparativa que té com a objectiu analitzar les diferències i similituds entre zones quant a composició d’espècies mitjançant una aplicació de la teoria de la informació per tal d’esbrinar si l’aïllament del Parc de Collserola i la manca de connectivitat ha tingut ja algun efecte sobre la distribució d’alguna de les espècies en les zones estudiades. Mitjançant la realització d’una campanya de transectes lineals en cerca de rastres d’algunes espècies de meso-mamífer, s’ha comparat la composició específica en tres zones perifèriques del parc, en tres dels parcs circumdants més propers (Montserrat, St.Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac, i Serra Marina), i finalment en les tres zones intermèdies entre Collserola i els tres parcs de destí (“corredors”).The aim of the present doctoral thesis is to advance in the knowledge of the relationship between the meso-mammals’ landscape use in Mediterranean habitats and the degree of urbanization and urban development. Furthermore the thesis is also focused in the way this variations are associated to variations in animal behaviour, ecology, and then conservation. Considering the human demographic increase in Mediterranean areas, and the consequent road communication network development, the study of these responses would be very useful for future scenarios in most of the Mediterranean protected areas, which would become suburban areas in the near future. The different characteristics of the studied species and their nocturnal and elusive behaviour, requires the combination of different methodologies to achieve experimental data. In order to deal with the initial proposal the study was planned under different levels of analysis and from different perspectives. The first part, composed by the chapters one to three, is about individual spatial organization analyzed from both points of view, the spatial organization itself and also from the view of the habitat selection. From the other hand, the second part, composed by chapters four and five, deals with the controversial characteristics of an antropogenic park: the incidence of traffic road over species survival and habitat connectivity with neighboring protected areas.
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Farrag, Hammad Rasha Hammad. "The influence of organisational climate and cognitive style on entrepreneurial behaviour in large sized organisations and the mediating roles of self-efficacy and perceived organizational support." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5378.
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Mustafa, Ghifar, and Berke Sönmezisik. "The Role of Proactive and Adaptive Behaviors in Overcoming Individuals-related Challenges of Agile Project Management Implementation Process : A Case Study Within Two Large-sized Banks." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42822.
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Introduction: The environment surrounding organizations is changing rapidly as competition is increasing and product life cycles are getting shorter. The classical waterfall project management approach is no longer very effective to cope with these changes, and organizations are trying toadapt more elements of the agile approach. Nevertheless, many challenges are associated with the implementation of agile approach, and some of them are individuals related. Problem background: While the implementation of agile project management approach is associated with many individuals-related challenges, the literature, in most cases, only points outthese difficulties without having a clear explanation why they happen neither from the individuals’ behaviors perspective nor from the implementation process perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to develop an understanding on how certain attitudes of(proactive and adaptive) individuals' behaviors would help to overcome some individuals-related challenges during the agile implementation process. More optimistically, this thesis aims to define a framework that shows managers the direct effects of these behavioral attitudes on some individuals-related challenges of agile implementation process. Method: In order to answer the Research question, a qualitative research was conducted. Eight Interviewees from two large-sized banks in Poland and Turkey were interviewed. Findings: Proactive agile team members with ("future-focused”, “self-monitoring", and "selfknowledge-expansion") attitudes seem to have the ability to overcome the challenges of trust incollective responsibility, and resistance to change. However, lacking "change-oriented" attitude amongst those proactive team members will make it harder for them to have interest in "shared decision-making". Furthermore, adaptive team members with ("openness to change" and "compromise") attitudes seem to have the ability to overcome the challenge of resistance to change. However, difficultiesfaced when the "need to adapt" to flat team structure is present will make it harder for them to have interest in "shared decision-making". Conclusion: This study comes contrary to what the literature suggests (that managers are usually the side that shows resistance to include other team members in the decision-making process). "Performers" were found to be the side resisting being included in the decision-making process.This study shows that overcoming "trust in collective responsibility" and "resistance to change" challenges is more realistic approach than focusing on "shared decision-making" which is less interesting and more time consuming for team members. This study is in line with what the "implementation process" literature suggests that: individuals’motivation to perform a behavior is determined by their attitude towards the behavior. As the lack of believe in "shared decision-making" in our study resulted in less motivation to implement this element.
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Goosen, Riana. "The development of an integrated framework in order to implement information technology governance principles at a strategic and operational level for medium-to-large sized South African business." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20279.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In today's technologically advanced business environments, Information Technology (IT) has become the centre of most, if not all businesses' strategic and operational activities. It is for this reason that the King III report has dedicated a chapter to IT governance principles, in effect making the board of directors and senior management responsible for implementing such principles. King III's guidance on these principles is only described in broad terms and lack sufficient detail as how to implement these principles. Though various guidelines, in the form of IT control frameworks, -models and -standards exist, it remains highly theoretical in nature and companies tend to view these control frameworks, -models and -standards on an individual basis, implementing them in an ad hoc manner, resulting in the implementation of an inefficient IT governance system, that does not address the key strategic areas and risks in a business. The purpose of this study is to develop an IT best practices integrated framework which can assist management in implementing an effective IT governance system at both a strategic and operational level. The integrated framework was developed by performing a detailed literature review of a best practice control framework, -model and -standard, including its underlying processes. By combining and aligning the relevant processes of the control framework, -model and -standard to the business' imperatives, a framework was developed to implement IT governance principles at a strategic level. The integrated framework is extended to provide guidance on how to implement good IT controls at an operational level. The control techniques, of the applicable processes identified at a strategic level, are implemented as well as the controls around a company's various access paths, which are affected by a company's business imperatives. These access paths are controlled through the implementation of applicable configuration controls. By making use of the integrated framework which was developed, an effective and efficient IT governance system can be implemented, addressing all applicable IT risks relevant to the key focus areas of a business.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In vandag se tegnologies gevorderde besigheids omgewings het Informasie Tegnologie (IT) die middelpunt geraak van die meeste, indien nie elke onderneming se strategiese en operasionele aktiwiteite nie. Dit is vir hierdie rede dat die King III verslag 'n hoofstuk aan die beginsels van IT korporatiewe beheer wy. Dié verslag hou die direkteure en bestuur verantwoordelik vir die implementering van hierdie beginsels. Die King III verslag verskaf egter slegs in breë trekke leiding in verband met die implementering van hierdie beginsels en 'n gebrek aan meer gedetailleerde beskrywings bestaan. Alhoewel verskeie riglyne, in die vorm van IT kontrole raamwerke, -modelle en -standaarde bestaan, bly dit steeds teoreties van aard en is maatskappye geneig om hierdie riglyne op 'n individuele vlak te hanteer en op 'n willekeurige wyse te implementeer. Hierdie proses lei tot die implementering van 'n ondoeltreffende IT korporatiewe beheerstelsel. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n geïntegreerde beste praktykraamwerk te ontwikkel wat deur die direkteure en bestuur van 'n onderneming gebruik kan word om op beide 'n strategiese en operasionele vlak 'n doeltreffende IT korporatiewe beheermaatstelsel in plek te stel. 'n Geïntegreerde raamwerk is ontwikkel deur 'n volledige literatuurstudie uit te voer, gebaseer op 'n beste praktyk IT kontrole raamwerk, -model en -standaard en die gepaardgaande prosesse. Deur die toepaslike prosesse van hierdie kontrole raamwerk, -model en -standaard te kombineer en te belyn met 'n besigheid se besigheidsimperatiewe, word IT korporatiewe beheerbeginsels op 'n strategiese vlak in plek gestel. Die geïntegreerde raamwerk sluit riglyne in om goeie IT kontroles op 'n operasionele vlak te implementeer. Die kontrole tegnieke, wat verbind word met die gepaardgaande prosesse wat tydens die strategiese vlak geïdentifiseerd is, word geimplementeer asook die die toepaslike konfigurasie kontroles oor die verskeie toegangspaaie wat beïnvloed word deur 'n besigheids se besigheidsimperatiewe. Deur gebruik te maak van die ontwikkelde geïntegreerde raamwerk kan alle geaffekteerde IT risikos nou aangespreek word en 'n doeltreffende IT korporatiewe beheerstelsel in plek gestel word.
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Bristot, Tatiane Carmo. "LEVANTAMENTO DE MAMÍFEROS DE MÉDIO E GRANDE PORTE EM ÁREA DE CERRADO, NO OESTE GOIANO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2546.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-29Among the Brazilian fauna, mammals represent approximately 701 species, from which 30% or 210 species are considered endemic in Brazil. From this total are found in the Cerrado 251 species, including 32 endemic from this biome. This work aimed to establish an overview of the taxonomic composition, richness and abundance of the community ofmedium and large-sized mammals in the Cerrado area in the county of Arenopolis State of Goiás Brazil.It was done four (04) sampling campaigns from October - 2009 up to November - 2011, with eight (08) days of effective sampling per campaign, with the use ofthree (03) complementary methods which were, camera-traps, linear transects, diurnal and nocturnal with the use of Sealedbean.In this study were cataloged 23 species distributed in 09 (nine) orders and 16 families, with a total of 169 individuals registered, from which 13 species are in some lists of endangered animals. The species Hydrochoerushydrochaeris was the most frequent during the studies with 14.20% of the records and 24 individuals, followed by Nasuanasua with 11.24 % and 19 specimens, in the side of lower frequency Puma concolor and Puma yagouaroundi had this index reduced to 0.59% each, on the basis of the record of these ones have occurred only once. The richness found in the study area is still incomplete and the results must be more conclusive as new steps of faunal study are performed. The different methods used to obtain the records from medium to large mammals were complementary amongthemselves, which are considered to be of low evasionbased on the non-capture and stress of the animals. From the medium and large-sized mammals cataloged, part is in danger of extinction, even being considered of wide distribution in the Cerrado. However, the achievement of a directed faunal monitoring, mainly to these species, might benefit the mammal species found in the study area, assisting and directing efforts of handling these species.
Dentre a fauna brasileira os mamíferos representam cerca de 701espécies, dos quais 30% ou 210 espécies são consideradas endêmicas do Brasil. Desse total são encontradas no Cerrado 251 espécies, sendo 32 endêmicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer uma visão geral da composição taxonômica, riqueza e abundância da comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em área de Cerrado, no município de Arenopólis,estado de Goiás. Foram realizadas quatro campanhas de amostragem, entre outubro de 2009 e novembro de 2011, com oito dias efetivos de amostragem por campanha, com a utilização de três metodologias complementares (armadilhas fotográficas, transectos lineares diurnos, e, noturnos). Foram catalogadas 23 espécies distribuídas em nove ordens e 16 famílias, com um total de 169 indivíduos registrados, dos quais 13 espécies estão em alguma lista de animais ameaçados de extinção. A espécie Hydrochoerushydrochaerisfoi a mais freqüente durante os estudos com 14,20% dos registros (24 indivíduos), seguida de Nasuanasua com 11,24% (19 espécimes), com menor freqüênciaPuma concolor e Puma yagouarounditiveram índice reduzido (0,59% cada), em função do registro destas terem ocorrido apenas uma única vez. Os diferentes métodos utilizados para a obtenção dos registros dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte foram complementares entre si.Dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte catalogados, parte encontra-se em perigo de extinção, apesar de sua ampla distribuição no Cerrado. Realçou se, porém, que a realização de monitoramento faunístico direcionado, principalmente a estas espécies, pode beneficiar a mastofauna encontrada na área de estudo, e assim, desencadear esforços corretos e adequados de manejo à conservação destas espécies.
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Hegger, Josef, Hartwig N. Schneider, Christian Kulas, and Christian Schätzke. "Dünnwandige, großformatige Fassadenelemente aus Textilbeton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244051201638-96201.
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Heutzutage werden bereits klein- bis mittelformatige Fassadenplatten aus Textilbeton mit Flächen bis zu 6 m² im Bauwesen verwendet. Dabei werden die ca. 25 mm dicken Elemente mit netzartigen technischen Textilien aus AR-Glas bewehrt. In einem kürzlich abgeschlossenen Forschungsprojekt wurde eine großformatige Fassadenplatte aus Textilbeton mit einer Elementfläche von 12,2 m² entwickelt, die eine Plattendicke von nur 30 mm aufweist. Die Platte wurde mit zwei rückseitigen monolithisch verbundenen Betonstegen ausgesteift. Durch die Beschichtung der Textilien mit Epoxidharz konnten formstabile und formbare Bewehrungsstrukturen entwickelt werden, die Textilspannungen von bis zu 1400 N/mm² aufweisen. In einem Pilotprojekt wurden die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes angewendet und ihre Praxistauglichkeit nachgewiesen. Der Artikel beschreibt das architektonische Konzept, gibt Hinweise zur konstruktiven Durchbildung und beschreibt Herstellverfahren der textilen Bewehrung und Fassadenplatte.
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Krepschi, Victor Gasperotto. "Respostas espaço-temporais de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em paisagens modificadas de Cerrado do nordeste do estado de São Paulo /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183660.
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Orientador: Adriano Garcia ChiarelloResumo: O efeito da redução do habitat natural na biodiversidade é idiossincrática a respeito das relações que se estabelecem entre as espécies e as características das paisagens modificadas pelo homem. Nesse contexto, as evidências científicas evidenciam cada vez mais a importância de se utilizar não somente a escala espacial na interpretação das respostas da biodiversidade, mas também a escala temporal. A correlação dos parâmetros biológicos atuais com características do ambiente pretérito mostra que respostas atrasadas das espécies às modificações podem ocorrer após um distúrbio ambiental, o que como consequência, gera interpretação errôneas da relação das espécies com os ambientes da paisagem no presente, o que vem a comprometer as subsequentes tomadas de decisão de viés conservacionista. A fim de compreender como espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte neotropicais estão respondendo à paisagens de Cerrado que passaram por redução de habitat ao longo de um intervalo temporal de 48 anos, a presente tese objetivou em seus capítulos: (i) caracterizar a trajetória e a transição das classes de cobertura e uso do solo de três paisagens modificadas pelo homem, (ii) Detectar a existência de respostas atrasadas de sete espécies de mamíferos neotropicais de médio e grande porte em relação ao ambiente nativo dessas três paisagens e (iii) detectar a existência de limiares ecológicos nas respostas de seis espécies de mamíferos neotropicais a ambientes nativo e antrópico. As três paisage... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The effect of habitat reduction on biodiversity is idiosyncratic regarding the established relationships among species and the traits of human-modified landscapes. In this manner novel scientific evidences point to the importance of considering not only the spatial scale on the interpretation of species responses, but also the temporal scale. The correlation between biological parameters of the present and environmental traits of the past show that species might present delayed responses after a disturbance event, and as consequence, species responses to current landscape traits may be misleading for conservation purposes and environmental management actions. In order to understand how the neotropical medium and large-sized mammals are responding to human-modified landscapes of Cerrado under a 48-years interval of disturbance, the present dissertation aimed in their three chapters: (i) to describe land use and land cover trajectory and native vegetation transition of three human-modified landscapes, (ii) to detect the existence of time-lagged responses among seven neotropical medium and large-sized mammal species to their the natural environment and (iii) to detect the existence of ecological threshold responses of six neotropical medium and large-sized mammal species to natural and human-modified environments. The three studied landscapes are located in the northeastern region of São Paulo State and harbor important protected remnants of Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest under... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Huth, Carsten, Olaf Hahnl, Björn Reinhold, and Norbert Völker. "InterPROM – Interoperables kollaboratives Prozessmanagement in Kooperationen zwischen KMU und Großunternehmen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139760.
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Virtuelle Unternehmensstrukturen benötigen regelmäßig IT-Werkzeuge zur Unterstützung von kooperativen Arbeitsformen. Teamorientiertes Arbeiten in interorganisationalen Kooperationsformen weist bereits besondere Herausforderungen bzgl. Vertrauen, Sicherheit und Kommunikationsstrukturen gegenüber unternehmensinternen teamorientierten Arbeiten auf. Kooperationen von kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) untereinander, sowie zwischen KMU und Großunternehmen, unterliegen weiteren darüber hinausgehenden Besonderheiten. Beispielsweise ist das Investitionsvolumen für einzelne Kooperationen hier häufig geringer als bei Kooperationen von Großunternehmen untereinander. Vor allem von Großunternehmen wird die dauerhafte oder zumindest die unabhängige Existenz von KMU häufig in Frage gestellt (z. B. durch Liquidation, Insolvenz, Übernahme). Kooperationen können sich daher dynamisch verändern, neue Partner können hinzukommen, bestehende Kooperationen können aus verschiedensten Gründen enden. Kooperative Softwareumgebungen für Kooperationen mit Partnern, von denen einige kleine und mittlere Unternehmen sind, müssen aus diesen Gründen in noch größerem Maße robust gegenüber dem Ausfall einzelner Partner sein.
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Huth, Carsten, Olaf Hahnl, Björn Reinhold, and Norbert Völker. "InterPROM – Interoperables kollaboratives Prozessmanagement in Kooperationen zwischen KMU und Großunternehmen." Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27839.
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Virtuelle Unternehmensstrukturen benötigen regelmäßig IT-Werkzeuge zur Unterstützung von kooperativen Arbeitsformen. Teamorientiertes Arbeiten in interorganisationalen Kooperationsformen weist bereits besondere Herausforderungen bzgl. Vertrauen, Sicherheit und Kommunikationsstrukturen gegenüber unternehmensinternen teamorientierten Arbeiten auf. Kooperationen von kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) untereinander, sowie zwischen KMU und Großunternehmen, unterliegen weiteren darüber hinausgehenden Besonderheiten. Beispielsweise ist das Investitionsvolumen für einzelne Kooperationen hier häufig geringer als bei Kooperationen von Großunternehmen untereinander. Vor allem von Großunternehmen wird die dauerhafte oder zumindest die unabhängige Existenz von KMU häufig in Frage gestellt (z. B. durch Liquidation, Insolvenz, Übernahme). Kooperationen können sich daher dynamisch verändern, neue Partner können hinzukommen, bestehende Kooperationen können aus verschiedensten Gründen enden. Kooperative Softwareumgebungen für Kooperationen mit Partnern, von denen einige kleine und mittlere Unternehmen sind, müssen aus diesen Gründen in noch größerem Maße robust gegenüber dem Ausfall einzelner Partner sein.
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Månsson, Daniel, and Madelen Ghayadh. "Finansiell Bootstrapping : En flermetodsforskning inom ämnet Bootstrapping och dess tillämpande bland medel-stora till stora bolag." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37459.
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The aim of this investigative thesis was to further study the use of financial bootstrapping in medium to large sized enterprises. The thesis furthermore aimed to investigate if there are any prerequisite bootstrapping methods used in correlation to annual turnover, industry as well as to conduct research to whether enterprises are aware of their current use of financial bootstrapping. The study can conclude that financial bootstrapping is used among medium to large sized enterprises. Furthermore, the study can also conclude that there exists a correlation between desired bootstrapping methods used and annual turnover. A correlation to the current lifecycle phase currently presided in, in regard to a specific financial bootstrapping method used could not be solely concluded as well as industry-based preferences in regards to specific bootstrapping methods could not be established. The thesis overall conclusion is that further research is needed to conclude if there exist any industry-based preferences towards usage of specific bootstrapping methods, as well as further research should be aware of problems this study has identified in order to better prepare future study in the aimed field.Syftet med studien var att undersöka tillämpandet av finansiell bootstrapping bland medelstora och stora bolag. Studien ämnade även att vidareutforska huruvida det råder omsättnings & branschspecifika bootstrappingsmetoder samt förtydliga om det återfinns företag som själva inte framhäver sitt tillämpande. Resultaten visade att finansiell bootstrapping tillämpas bland medelstora och stora bolag samt att det råder vissa omsättningsspecifika bootstrappingsmetoder. Slutsatsen är att trots gynnsamma resultat krävs det vidareforskning inom ämnet för att ytterligare kunna påvisa branschspecifika bootstrappingsmetoder som dessutom kan generaliseras till en bredare population. Forskarna kan även konkludera att det krävs ett beaktande till rådande problematik denna studie påträffat för att öka framtida validitet ytterligare i genomförda studier.
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En, Ku Hong, and 辜宏恩. "The Stability Study of Large-sized Vehicle." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87781807936509907749.
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碩士大葉大學
機械工程學系碩士班
91
Safety requirements become more and more important as the car consumer’s level upgrade. However, current engineering capabilities of car manufacturers can not achieve such standards yet in Taiwan. So, to improve the capability of design technology of car manufacturers here becomes very important. This research studies the stability of vehicles and has crystal analysis that regards the tilting stability of large-scale vehicles. An explicit comparison of foreign and domestic tilting stability is also shown. The measuring facilities used for tilting stability are investigated; as a result, tests should be available in all highways to control road safety. Car stability is controlled by the height of its C.G. (center of gravity). Various methods to find C.G. are investigated; and by using the software of SOLLIDWORKS to create car modals, car weight distribution, C.G. height and maximum tilting stability are obtained in this study. Without flipping over a car, the maximum velocity and lowest turning radius are also derived with a known C.G. height and the relationship among the maximum velocity and lowest turning radius are shown in figures. This research can be offered to related institutes or government for monitoring the safety of large-sized vehicles and the analysis can also be the reference for vehicle designers.
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Hsieh, Wen-Chin, and 謝汶津. "The strategy of investment for large-sized and medium-sized stock in Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98272917514974390735.
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碩士國立成功大學
財務金融研究所
94
This research is based on the Triple Screen Trading System proposed by Dr. Alexander Elder. And the study is published on Futures in April, 1986. This research has proposed the analysis of investment strategies on the medium and large size stocks in the TSE. The variables of the trading process are as follows: 1. The number of the parameters is 4,800. 2. The investment strategies could be divided into single strategy, mixed strategy and small sample strategy. The trading period could be divided into fit period and test period. This research will find out appropriate parameters and stocks based on the results from the fit period. More over , this research will analysis the performance of stocks under the test period based on the outputs from the fit period. Last , we will use sensitive analysis to test if different investment behaviors would affect the performance. The results of the research are as follows: 1.There exists no single investment strategy that will be applied on all stocks. 2.The results of the fit period could proposed how to chose stocks and the investment timing. 3.The results also indicated that the stocks chosed from the system could obtain abnormal return.
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SUN, Chun-Hao, and 孫浚豪. "High-efficiency backlight for the large-sized curved LCD." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ay7udf.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
機電工程學系
105
The purpose of this paper is to design a large-sized curved LCD backlight module integrated polarizer and color filter. For the market responded，the LCDs must be lightweight，thin，low energy consumption and narrow border. LCD appearance and visual perception both are considerations of consumer. In recent years，there are many curved LCDs be launched. In addition to the appearance of the screen in a better design aesthetic，curvature of the surface design can meet the human eye arc，coupled with the surface surrounded by the relationship，with a wider perspective，better contrast，so that viewers are immersed in picture of the feelings，which can be better visual experience.
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Hsieh, Ping-Shen, and 謝秉燊. "Medium-sized USV for large-scale water quality inspection." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hgttqc.
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碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
107
The water quality of the reservoir is clean or not is a problem for the people''s livelihood and industry. The current water quality inspection of the reservoir is people take a boat to a specific location for inspection and taking sample. In addition to the on-site geographical environment and meteorological and hydrological survey, Professionals and transportation vehicles must be arrange so that’s require a lot of time, money and manpower, and even dangerous doubts.For today''s inspection operations, developed automatically operate water inspection vehicle and cooperate with the inspection person to fix the lack of traditional water quality inspection. The main content of this thesis is ship principle, vehicle control and unmanned ship detection method. Firstly, the stability of the hull and the calculation of wind and wave resistance are made, the static stability curve is drawn, and the energy resistance of different waterlines is compared. The ship was field tested in the reservoir and the test results were compared with the benefits of the unmanned ship and the traditional test.
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Huang, Hui-hua, and 黃慧華. "System Dynamics Approach to Simulate The Development Trend of Taiwanese Large-sized TFT-LCD Industry－The Development Trend of Taiwanese Large-sized TFT-LCD Industry." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fk94w9.
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博士逢甲大學
商學研究所
99
The high-tech industry is a capital- and technology-intensive, high-risk, and high return industry emphasized and nurtured by many newly industrialized countries. Thus, the creation of successful development experiences and models has become an important issue of discussion. The display industry has followed the semiconductor industry in becoming an important high-tech industry in the world. In 2007, the production value of the global display panel industry reached US$104.90 billion; the production value of large-sized TFT-LCD constituted the majority of global LCD industry production value, making up almost 70% of total LCD production value. The total production value of Taiwanese large-sized TFT-LCD was US$32.72 billion, making Taiwan the world leader in TFT-LCD production. In reality, the development of the Taiwan’s large-sized TFT-LCD industry has been intimately related with the mutual drive and impact of many different factors, such as R&D talents, accumulated capital, technology levels, industry attractiveness, large-sized TFT-LCD technology transfer from Japan to Taiwan, and government policies. This study applies system dynamics to probe the developmental structure of Taiwan’s large-sized TFT-LCD industry to explore its system behaviors. The results show that the factors which influence the future development of Taiwan’s large-sized TFT-LCD industry are complicated and are affected by interaction between key variables, causal loops, and the external environment. Finally, this study performs relevant policy simulations and discussion.
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Lien, Che-wei, and 連哲緯. "Experimental Study of Induction Heating Technology for Large-sized Mold Surface." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00334723830304864987.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程研究所
100
The main purpose of this study is using electromagnetic induction heating technology in a large-sized mold surface heating for injection molding. To provide a high heating rate and uniform heating temperature of a 42-inch LCD TV frame mold, designing of an induction coil is investigated in this research, which was only feasible to heat a small-sized mold surface in the past studies. Initially, induction coils used to heat targets at fixing mode, moving mode, and wrapping mode are evaluated. After selecting a suitable heating approach, the COMSOL Multiphysics software is then used to study an optimal design of induction coil. Furthermore, experiments of heating a large-sized mold plate are conducted to verify the feasibility. In practical tests of injection molding 42-inch LCD TV frames, the designed induction coil handled by a lab-made robot can successfully heat target. The results can be concluded that: (1) induction coil at fixing mode performs the best. (2) The heating performance for heating the large-sized plate with a 66 KVA electrical power, has a high heating rate of 5.5°C/sec (temperature uniformity 96.3%). (3) The result of practical use in a 42-inch LCD TV frame mold, has a high heating rate of 4.5°C/sec (temperature uniformity: the best is 97.3%). These results prove that electromagnetic induction heating are feasible to be applied to heat large-sized mold surface.
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Tseng, Pei-Ting, and 曾珮婷. "Detection and Tracking of Large-sized Vehicles Driving on Specific Lane." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61625404269773508523.
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碩士國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
93
With the advancement of computer technologies and the urgent demand for social security, researches on vision-based surveillance grow more and more important. The developed systems can be employed in various applications, such as security service and traffic monitoring. The advantages of using such systems include the saving of human resources, the reducing of costs, and the providing of consistent performance. The correct detection of traffic violation events plays a very important role in traffic surveillance. In this thesis, a novel approach is presented to detect and track large vehicles driving on specific lanes (especially the inner lane). In the proposed approach, activity map is firstly generated to detect lanes, and useful data is extracted including the lane width and the vanishing point to facilitate the later task. Secondly, vehicle detector is devised to find large vehicles in the detection area by utilizing the techniques of temporal difference and Sobel edge detection. In the tracking process, Kalman filter is adopted to accomplish the task. Here, a time-varying state transition matrix is devised to adapt the velocity variations in 2-D images. Moreover, dual mode tracker is developed for more effective tracking. Experiments were conducted on a variety of real world traffic scenes. The average accuracy rates of large vehicle detection and tracking are 91.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach is feasible and effective for large vehicle detection and tracking.
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CHIEN, CHAI-SHIH, and 蔡世欽. "The Study of the Security Protection Devices for Large Sized Vehicle." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29685206007040700339.
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碩士大葉大學
機械工程學系碩士班
92
ABSTRACT As times evolving and the society getting wealthy, motor vehicle safety regulations are gradually emphasized by our citizen and authority. The lateral and rear protection devices, which saved many lives during truck or trailer accidents for the past few years, become more and more important today. Domestic and foreign large vehicle( lateral and rear )protection device regulations were collected, organized and compared in this paper. Different materials（eg. low carbon steel, aluminum alloy and stainless steel）and different structural shape of the devices were analyzed by Finite Element Mothod for their cost and strength. The safety characteristics and modification suggestion are also proposed to assist vehicle manufacturers in their design and selection of the structure and materials of the lateral and rear protection devices.
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Ruan, Juan-Yao, and 阮俊堯. "The Front-End Sensing Circuit for a Large-Sized Capacitive Touch Panel." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55220206314027052858.
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碩士國立交通大學
電控工程研究所
98
The study proposes the sensing circuit for a large-sized capacitive touch panel. The panel consists of two parallel Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film layers which are separated by a sensor glass layer. Our goal is to design a capacitive sensing circuit for a large-sized capacitive touch panel (PCT) (more than 12in.), where large electrode resistance (> 200kΩ) and capacitance shifts due to environmental disturbance are commonly presented to make extreme difficult a successful touch detection. The method of DC charge and discharge into the ITO capacitance is adopted for smaller-size (< 7in.) ITO panels, where a lower resistance (< 90kΩ) is presented. A new AC sensing technique is developed herein to enable the touch sensing in a larger-size (> 12in.) ITO touch panel. For the sensing circuit design, integrator’s and differential methods are developed. Both methods have low-disturbance sensing arrays to eliminate the effect of the environments. A 12.1" projected capacitive touch panel is provided by CHILIN Co. Ltd. for testing. All the sensing circuits are accomplished via IC taped-out and realized for the projected capacitive touch panel. The output is transmitted from the IC by Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) chip of FPGA. A personal computer displays whether or not the touch panel is touched via a set of serial data transmitted from the FPGA module and Visual Basic (VB) program. Finally, the circuit is also accomplished by using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35μm 2P4M 3.3V mixed‐signal CMOS process. The proposed chips, with the die area of 1.281×1.281 mm2 and 0.91× 0.775 mm2, are carried out by National Chip Implementation Center (CIC).
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Huang, Yu-Jui, and 黃昱叡. "Application of Large-sized LCD TV for LED Backlight Driver IC Design." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63147334714546608109.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
電子工程所IC設計及綠色能源產業研發碩士專班
98
LED backlight driver IC design based on PWM driver circuit can conduct to control the lighting level. Using PWM method, the output intensity can be adjusted under various duty cycles in the output. The control interface is composed of digital signal processing circuit by digital control circuit and comparator, to determine the duty cycle value and to control the LED driving power. In this study, we develop three LED driving chips. First, the digital-based PWM diver is designed with MOS techniques, which can drive 1w LED device. Second, the study is for SPI type LED driver for four independent channels. Each channel can be controlled through SPI interface. The driver IC can use SPI functions to format the PWM data. With a micro-processor, the LED brightness level and the light time can be controlled by the output duty cycle. Third, a voltage promotion function circuit is designed for a serial LED with the charge pump. The charge pump circuit is designed with MOS diodes and an external capacitors to multiple the input voltage by 3 times. The chips all be designed with TSMC 0.35um process, and the implemented chip can meet our specification.
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Wu, Jen-Hao, and 吳仁豪. "Applying Lean Six Sigma to Improve Process Yield of Large-sized ePaper Display." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rm7n34.
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Lai, Shin-Nan, and 賴信男. "A Novel External Electrode Fluorescent Lamps Backlight System For Large-sized LCD TV." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57151656001344279088.
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碩士國立清華大學
產業研發碩士積體電路設計專班
95
Due to the environmental and cost considerations, application of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) as the backlight system is now replacing with novel external electrode fluorescent lamps (EEFLs) backlight system for large-sized LCD TV. In fact this is also the motivation of conducting this research. Basically, the contributions of this thesis can be summarized follows. First, the inherent uniform equivalent capacitance of the EEFLs are fully used for the proposed full bridge resonant inverter to provide a uniform current sharing capability for the backlight of the large sized LCD TV. Second, the thesis provides a simple dimming-circuit‚ which modulates the sequences of power switches, for acquiring the dimming feature of EEFLs. Third, in order to reduce the inverter rating and increase the efficiency, an inductor is added to the secondary winding of the transformer for reactive power compensation. Due to the large number of EEFLs‚ say ten in this thesis, the efficiency is increased about 10% approximately. Finally, a prototype system is constructed to verify feasibility of the proposed backlight system.
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Wang, Hong-Gia, and 王宏嘉. "Electro-characteristics of large-sized LED using TR-EL mapping and laser cutting." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9fc597.
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碩士國立中山大學
光電工程研究所
95
Time-resolved electroluminescence has been primarily and widely applied in the field of optoelectronic devices and phosphor materials. Here we use the method to measure the response time and phase difference of green light-emitting diode. In our experiment, which is essentially dominated by pulsed signal from function generator、high spatial resolution from laser scanning microscopic and phase-lock characteristic from lock-in amplifier to complete our experimental result. We are capable to detect relative carrier information within any point or any surface region from epi-layer of green light-emitting diode. Otherwise, the carrier transport of the sample is able to be observed through time-resolved characteristic measurement. Laser cutting would be beneficial for obvious phase-difference observation and mobility acquirement.
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CHEN, JEI FU, and 陳瑞富. "The research of the consumer shopping-line in the large-sized city shopping center." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52771540208405850887.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
建築與永續規劃研究所碩士班
95
Because of the change of personal income and consuming habit, it makes the retail business be forced to offer one-stop-shopping service and the multi-function with consuming and relaxing, it gives a birth of the large-sized-shopping center. The shopping center really exists on the demand in multi-function. We can treat the large-sized-shopping center as a creative innovaction, it must affect the consuming practice without doubt. The design of The Metro The Mall managed by Far Eastern Group in 1999 brings out the concept of bazzar design in Taiwanese shopping mall, her design focuses on the planning and deployment of shops and also refers to the concept of commodity classification. We can tell that the planning and design in each floor of Asia world, TAI-Mall, TAIKON Mall, Wind Dance Shopping Center, Breeze Center and CPCity Living Mall opened six years later not only contains the similar concepts, but also adds in the consuming elements of entertainment and culture. The procedure of the development in shopping center business is as follows: “Place confirmation” “basic concept”“building design”“construction”“shops beckon” “opening”“business management”,The above mentioned procedure is the main factor to succeed this business. But the planning of consumer shopping-line in existent shopping center at Taiwan didn’t take the convenience and multi-function into serious consideration, so it always makes consumers be lost in the shopping center and can’t finish their shopping easily with effectiveness. The purpose of this research is to confer the combination of vertical and level consumer shopping-line and the relation of constitutional position in order to be the reference of planning, development and management in the business of large-sized shopping center. The essential conclusion of this article is as belows: 1. The six main factors to influence the consumer shopping-line in the large-sized shopping center is“the array of line and space”“convenient to be reachable”“surroundings in joy”“being comfortable”“the services for different purpose”“the combination of shops in classified commodities”.. 2. The most important part of the planning in consumer shopping-line is the location of anchor-shop, it will affect the performance of following business in the future.
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Lo, Shao Hsuan, and 羅少軒. "The Research and Development of Large-Sized OLED Lighting Devices through Wet Coating Technologies." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a95xbg.
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"Management training and development practices in medium- and large-sized organizations in Hong Kong." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885759.
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張哲維. "Applying Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization to Scheduling Deliveries and Services of Large-Sized Televisions." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65453886345131450042.
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碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
102
Scheduling of deliveries of large-sized televisions is constrained due to many aspects. For instance, delivery times, delivery vehicles, vehicle’s capacities, delivery routes, limitations with respect to the business hours and personnel abilities. Therefore, delivery of large-sized televisions is a complicated Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Whether it is utilizing the company vehicles or outsourcing delivery vehicles, it should be evaluated based on a profit-maximizing perspective rather than the traditional cost minimizing standpoint in order to plan out the scheduling. Therefore, with all the constraints being taken into consideration, scheduling of delivering large sized televisions is a Heterogeneous Fleet Team Orienteering Problem with Time Window (HFTOP-TW). HFTOP-TW is consisted of Team Orienteering Problem (TOP), Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP), and time window constraint. This research starts by constructing a mathematical model to demonstrate the HFTOP-TW. Due to the fact that this problem is non-polynomial hard (NP-hard), this research applies the Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) for solving such a problem. This research first proposes an algorithm that can calculate initial solutions, then it utilizes greedy route improving strategy to systematically search for better solutions. This research is conducted, tested based on experiments proposed by other researchers in order to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. As per research result, the proposed method has 94% chance of acquiring the best solution. This shows that the proposed method is suitable for solving the scheduling deliveries and services of large-Sized televisions. On top of that, the result also proved the value of the application of the DPSO algorithm and it could be used to maximize profits within reasonable time windows.
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GUO, JIA-YUN, and 郭佳芸. "A study of user behavior and windows layout on the trend of large-sized displays." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29179483021938797512.
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碩士逢甲大學
工業工程與系統管理學研究所
98
As production technology for flat display becomes increasingly mature, large displays are more affordable and popular. This is evident by the increasing market share of large-sized displays. The scope of this study is to investigate the usage of large displays for personal workstation. The primary purpose is two-fold: to understand the appropriate space requirements for editing and browsing related primary tasks; and to investigate the efficiency of pointing tasks at the peripheral region of a large display. The experimental results show that under a large display environment, instead to enlarge the window size to full screen, users prefer a window width of 19 cm-24 cm. When users browse web pages with more pictures, a wider window is preferred. The second part of this study compares clicking tasks on a flat and a curved display at peripheral region of different locations. The results suggest that Fitts’ Law holds for clicking tasks on a flat display in terms of target size and distance. For curved display, however, affected by the curvature level and the target location, a clicking task requires longer adjustment time when compared with the same task on a flat display. On the other hand, given the same target width, a clicking task located at further end of a display requires longer movement time on a flat display compared with curved display. In addition, when target located at further end of a large display, the perceived target width is less than real target width in accordance to the view angle, the experiment results suggest that perceived target width is a better predictor in Fitts’ Law with a R2 equals to 0.9519 for wrist.
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Lee, Hao Chieh, and 李豪捷. "Improved Electrical Characteristics of Large-Sized Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors for Liquid Crystal Display." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yc4amm.
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博士國立清華大學
工程與系統科學系
104
Amorphous silicon thin-film transistor (a-Si TFT) is the mainstream technique for active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD), due to a good uniformity over large-area substrates, low process temperature, and a high production yield. In recent years, for cost-reduction consideration, using medium- and large-sized a-Si TFTs to form the gate driver circuits integrated on array glass substrate has attracted a lot of attention in display application. The lifetime and performance of integrated gate driver on array substrate (GOA) are dominated by the electrical characteristics of large-sized a-Si TFTs, such as threshold voltage shift (△Vth) under a long-term operation. In this thesis, to improve the electrical characteristics of large-sized a-Si TFTs, we extensively studied the process improvements and evaluated the influences of these processes on the electrical performance of devices. In addition, the channel width of large-sized a-Si TFTs studied in this thesis is ranged from 1000 to 10000 µm for being comparable to practical devices used in GOA. At first, an optimal process integration on GI and intrinsic a-Si layer of large-sized a-Si TFTs was applied and investigated. Different channel widths were designed to discuss the effect of sample size. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that the initial electrical characteristics of large-sized a-Si TFT were not influenced by optimal process integration, such as current-voltage characteristics. The off current (Ioff) of devices at different temperatures were measured as well. It was found that Ioff of large-sized a-Si TFTs could be remarkably reduced by optimal process integration, since the activation energy (Ea) of Ioff was increased. In addition, the DC stresses with high and low electrical fields were applied on the gate electrode of devices to study the instability influenced by the application of optimal integration. It was experimentally found that △Vth of large-sized a-Si TFTs could be effectively reduced by optimal process integration. In addition, the defect generation in a-Si layer was the dominated mechanism for the △Vth of devices under high and low electrical-field stresses. In the second part, to achieve further enhancements of electrical characteristics for large-sized a-Si TFTs, a front-channel treatment (FCT) with hydrogen gas on GI layer prior to the deposition of intrinsic a-Si layer and a back-channel treatment (BCT) with hydrogen gas after the deposition of intrinsic a-Si layer were applied and investigated, respectively. However, based on our experimental results, it was found that the △Vth of devices was more by the FCT, since the dominated mechanism of △Vth was defect generation in a-Si layer, which would not be reduced by the FCT on GI layer. In addition, from the observation of our data, the FCT on GI layer might cause damage to the surface of channel for devices, leading to a worse stability, instead of reducing the △Vth of devices. Besides, by applying BCT and optimizing the process time, it was observed that Ioff and △Vth of large-sized a-Si TFTs after high and low electrical-field stresses were remarkably decreased. For the experimental results of Ioff, it was found that a shorter or a longer BCT process time for devices were unsuitable for reducing the Ioff of devices. As for the results of △Vth, the dominated mechanism responsible for △Vth of devices after a high electrical-field stress was defect generation in a-Si layer rather than charge trapping in GI layer, which is different from previous studies. The difference may be caused by the different GI quality of devices, not the sample size.