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Journal articles on the topic 'Large spatial scales'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Horne, John K., and David C. Schneider. "Spatial variance of mobile aquatic organisms: capelin and cod in Newfoundland coastal waters." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1353 (1997): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0043.

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Spatial variance in the distribution of aquatic mobile organisms differs from that of passive tracers such as phytoplankton or water temperature. On average, spatial variance of phytoplankton scales with sample unit as L 2 or equivalently with frequency as f −2 . Limited evidence suggests that spatial variance in the distribution of mobile organisms is concentrated at relatively small scales, with little increase over larger scales: spatial variance scales as f −1 or less. We investigated whether spatial variance in distributions of a mobile predator, Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), and a schoo

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2

Rosenberg, D. M., F. Berkes, R. A. Bodaly, R. E. Hecky, C. A. Kelly, and J. WM Rudd. "Large-scale impacts of hydroelectric development." Environmental Reviews 5, no. 1 (1997): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a97-001.

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The substantial size of some hydroelectric projects and the extensive total surface area covered by reservoirs globally require that research determining the impacts of these developments be done at ever-increasing spatial and temporal scales. As a consequence of this research, new views are emerging about the spatial extent and longevity of the environmental and social impacts of such developments. New findings challenge the notion of hydroelectric development as a benign alternative to other forms of power generation. This review examines the intertwined environmental and social effects of m

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3

Laurance, William F. "Do edge effects occur over large spatial scales?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 4 (2000): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01838-3.

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4

Moura, Priscila A., Fletcher J. Young, Monica Monllor, Marcio Z. Cardoso, and Stephen H. Montgomery. "Long-term spatial memory across large spatial scales in Heliconius butterflies." Current Biology 33, no. 15 (2023): R797—R798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.009.

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5

Lyons, Mitchell B., Scott D. Foster, and David A. Keith. "Simultaneous vegetation classification and mapping at large spatial scales." Journal of Biogeography 44, no. 12 (2017): 2891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13088.

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6

Chu, Yaoquan, and LiZhi Fang. "Spatial Distribution of Quasars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 124 (1987): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900159650.

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The distribution of quasars has become one of the most interesting problems in observational cosmology. This is due mainly to the development of theory of the formation of large scale structure in the universe. In recent years, several scenarios of clustering have been proposed. In the adiabatic case, the clustering process is from larger scales to smaller ones, i.e., the first systems to form out would be on the scale of superclusters, then these systems fragment to form smaller scale systems such as galaxies. In the isothermal case, the clustering is from smaller scales to larger ones, namel

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7

Mittermaier, Marion, and Nigel Roberts. "Intercomparison of Spatial Forecast Verification Methods: Identifying Skillful Spatial Scales Using the Fractions Skill Score." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 1 (2010): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222260.1.

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Abstract The fractions skill score (FSS) was one of the measures that formed part of the Intercomparison of Spatial Forecast Verification Methods project. The FSS was used to assess a common dataset that consisted of real and perturbed Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model precipitation forecasts, as well as geometric cases. These datasets are all based on the NCEP 240 grid, which translates to approximately 4-km resolution over the contiguous United States. The geometric cases showed that the FSS can provide a truthful assessment of displacement errors and forecast skill. In addition,

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Chen, Shiliu, Kaighin A. McColl, Alexis Berg, and Yuefei Huang. "Surface Flux Equilibrium Estimates of Evapotranspiration at Large Spatial Scales." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 4 (2021): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0204.1.

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AbstractA recent theory proposes that inland continental regions are in a state of surface flux equilibrium (SFE), in which tight coupling between the land and atmosphere allow estimation of the Bowen ratio at daily to monthly time scales solely from atmospheric measurements, without calibration, even when the land surface strongly constrains the surface energy budget. However, since the theory has only been evaluated at quasi-point spatial scales using eddy covariance measurements with limited global coverage, it is unclear if it is applicable to the larger spatial scales relevant to studies

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Schick, RS, PN Halpin, AJ Read, et al. "Community structure in pelagic marine mammals at large spatial scales." Marine Ecology Progress Series 434 (July 28, 2011): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09183.

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10

Chen, Chih-Chieh, Gregory J. Hakim, and Dale R. Durran. "Transient Mountain Waves and Their Interaction with Large Scales." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 7 (2007): 2378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3972.1.

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Abstract The impact of transient mountain waves on a large-scale flow is examined through idealized numerical simulations of the passage of a time-evolving synoptic-scale jet over an isolated 3D mountain. Both the global momentum budget and the spatial flow response are examined to illustrate the impact of transient mountain waves on the large-scale flow. Additionally, aspects of the spatial response are quantified by potential vorticity inversion. Nearly linear cases exhibit a weak loss of domain-averaged absolute momentum despite the absence of wave breaking. This transient effect occurs bec

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11

Dimitriadis, Panayiotis, Theano Iliopoulou, G. Fivos Sargentis, and Demetris Koutsoyiannis. "Spatial Hurst–Kolmogorov Clustering." Encyclopedia 1, no. 4 (2021): 1010–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040077.

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The stochastic analysis in the scale domain (instead of the traditional lag or frequency domains) is introduced as a robust means to identify, model and simulate the Hurst–Kolmogorov (HK) dynamics, ranging from small (fractal) to large scales exhibiting the clustering behavior (else known as the Hurst phenomenon or long-range dependence). The HK clustering is an attribute of a multidimensional (1D, 2D, etc.) spatio-temporal stationary stochastic process with an arbitrary marginal distribution function, and a fractal behavior on small spatio-temporal scales of the dependence structure and a pow

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12

Thomas, Matthew D., Agatha M. De Boer, Helen L. Johnson, and David P. Stevens. "Spatial and Temporal Scales of Sverdrup Balance*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 10 (2014): 2644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0192.1.

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Abstract Sverdrup balance underlies much of the theory of ocean circulation and provides a potential tool for describing the interior ocean transport from only the wind stress. Using both a model state estimate and an eddy-permitting coupled climate model, this study assesses to what extent and over what spatial and temporal scales Sverdrup balance describes the meridional transport. The authors find that Sverdrup balance holds to first order in the interior subtropical ocean when considered at spatial scales greater than approximately 5°. Outside the subtropics, in western boundary currents a

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13

Weng, Min, Qin Xiong, and Mengjun Kang. "Salience Indicators for Landmark Extraction at Large Spatial Scales Based on Spatial Analysis Methods." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6, no. 3 (2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030072.

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14

Massei, Nicolas, Daniel G. Kingston, David M. Hannah, et al. "Understanding and predicting large-scale hydrological variability in a changing environment." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 383 (September 16, 2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-141-2020.

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Abstract. In a context of climate, environmental, ecological and socio-economical changes, understanding and predicting the response of hydrological systems on regional to global spatial scales, and on infra-seasonal to multidecadal time-scales, are major topics that must be considered to tackle the challenge of water resource management sustainability. In this context, a number of strongly-linked key issues need to be addressed by the scientific community, including: (i) identifying climate drivers of hydrological variations, (ii) understanding the multi-frequency characteristics of hydroclim

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15

Glasby, T. M. "Estimating spatial variability in developing assemblages of epibiota on subtidal hard substrata." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 5 (1998): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98008.

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A nested hierarchical sampling design was used to estimate the scales of natural variability in developing assemblages of subtidal epibiota on rocky reefs. The appropriate spatial scales were needed for sampling to test for environmental impact in this habitat. Sandstone settlement plates were used to mimic the natural substratum. They were designed and deployed in such a way that the effects of any supporting structures were minimized. Differences in recruitment of epibiota were found at all of the spatial scales examined (10s, 100s and 1000s of metres). When differences were found at the sma

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Ninove, F., P. Y. Le Traon, E. Remy, and S. Guinehut. "Spatial scales of temperature and salinity variability estimated from Argo observations." Ocean Science 12, no. 1 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1-2016.

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Abstract. Argo observations from 2005 to 2013 are used to characterize spatial scales of temperature and salinity variations from the surface down to 1300 m. Simulations are first performed to analyze the sensitivity of results to Argo sampling; they show that several years of Argo observations are required to estimate spatial scales of ocean variability over 20° × 20° boxes. Spatial scales are then computed over several large-scale areas. Zonal and meridional spatial scales (Lx and Ly which are zero crossing of covariance functions) vary as expected with latitudes. Scales are of about 100 km

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17

Lintner, Benjamin R., and J. David Neelin. "Time Scales and Spatial Patterns of Passive Ocean–Atmosphere Decay Modes*." Journal of Climate 21, no. 10 (2008): 2187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1913.1.

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Abstract The decay characteristics of a mixed layer ocean passively coupled to an atmospheric model are important to the response of the climate system to stochastic or external forcing. Two salient features of such decay—the spatial-scale dependence of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) decay time scales and the spatial inhomogeneities of SSTA decay modes—are addressed using intermediate-level complexity and simple analytic models of the tropical atmosphere. As expected, decay time scales increase with the spatial extent of the SSTA. Most modes decay rapidly—with characteristic decay time

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18

Ribas, C. R., T. G. Sobrinho, J. H. Schoereder, C. F. Sperber, C. Lopes-Andrade, and S. M. Soares. "How large is large enough for insects? Forest fragmentation effects at three spatial scales." Acta Oecologica 27, no. 1 (2005): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2004.08.008.

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19

Mckenzie, D., DL Peterson, and E. Alvarado. "Extrapolation Problems in Modeling Fire Effects at Large Spatial Scales: a Review." International Journal of Wildland Fire 6, no. 4 (1996): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9960165.

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Models of vegetation change in response to global warming need to incorporate the effects of disturbance at broad spatial scales. Process-based predictive models, whether for fire behavior or fire effects on vegetation, assume homogeneity of crucial inputs over the spatial scale to which they are applied. Landscape disturbance models predict final burning patterns, but either do not model mechanistic behavior and explicit spread rates, or require large amounts of data to initialize simulations and predict ecological effects. Empirical data on the ecological effects of fire are not generally av

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20

Rottler, Caitlin M., David P. Brown, and Jean L. Steiner. "Agricultural Management Impacts on Soil Health: Methods for Large Spatial Scales." Agricultural & Environmental Letters 2, no. 1 (2017): 170034. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/ael2017.09.0034.

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21

Edwards, Sharon E., Benjamin Strauss, and Marie Lynn Miranda. "Geocoding Large Population-level Administrative Datasets at Highly Resolved Spatial Scales." Transactions in GIS 18, no. 4 (2013): 586–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12052.

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22

Coakley, J. A., P. A. Durkee, K. Nielsen, et al. "The Appearance and Disappearance of Ship Tracks on Large Spatial Scales." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 57, no. 16 (2000): 2765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2765:taados>2.0.co;2.

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23

Greenwood, Darryl P., and Donald O. Tarazano. "Proposed form for the atmospheric turbulence spatial spectrum at large scales." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 25, no. 6 (2008): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.25.001349.

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24

Mazor, Tessa K., C. Roland Pitcher, Nick Ellis, et al. "Trawl exposure and protection of seabed fauna at large spatial scales." Diversity and Distributions 23, no. 11 (2017): 1280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12622.

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25

Mason, Norman W. H., Susan K. Wiser, Sarah J. Richardson, et al. "Functional Traits Reveal Processes Driving Natural Afforestation at Large Spatial Scales." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (2013): e75219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075219.

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26

Sheppard, James K., Anthony R. Preen, Helene Marsh, Ivan R. Lawler, Scott D. Whiting, and Rhondda E. Jones. "Movement heterogeneity of dugongs, Dugong dugon (Müller), over large spatial scales." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 334, no. 1 (2006): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.01.011.

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27

Hua, Fangyuan, Mingxin Liu, and Zhen Wang. "Integrating forest restoration into land-use planning at large spatial scales." Current Biology 34, no. 9 (2024): R452—R472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.034.

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28

Madritch, Michael D., Clayton C. Kingdon, Aditya Singh, Karen E. Mock, Richard L. Lindroth, and Philip A. Townsend. "Imaging spectroscopy links aspen genotype with below-ground processes at landscape scales." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1643 (2014): 20130194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0194.

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Fine-scale biodiversity is increasingly recognized as important to ecosystem-level processes. Remote sensing technologies have great potential to estimate both biodiversity and ecosystem function over large spatial scales. Here, we demonstrate the capacity of imaging spectroscopy to discriminate among genotypes of Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), one of the most genetically diverse and widespread forest species in North America. We combine imaging spectroscopy (AVIRIS) data with genetic, phytochemical, microbial and biogeochemical data to determine how intraspecific plant genetic variati

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29

THAPLIYAL, P. K., B. M. RAO, P. K. PAL, and H. P. DAS. "Potential of IRS-P4 microwave radiometer data for soil moisture estimation over India." MAUSAM 54, no. 1 (2022): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v54i1.1512.

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Soil moisture at different temporal and spatial scales is very important for various applications. At smaller spatial scales it has importance for the agro-meteorological applications, whereas at large spatial scales it is an important boundary parameter in the numerical prediction models of atmosphere for monthly to seasonal time-scale integrations. Frequent in situ global measurements of soil moisture at these spatial scales are virtually impossible because large heterogeneity of soil types makes these observations highly expensive and time consuming. Satellite based microwave radiometers ca

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30

Richter, O., and B. Diekkrüger. "Translating environmental xenobiotic fate models across scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 4 (1997): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-895-1997.

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Abstract. The classical models developed for degradation and transport of xenobiotics have been derived with the assumption of homogeneous environments. Unfortunately, deterministic models function well in the laboratory under homogeneous conditions but such homogeneous conditions often do not prevail in the field. A possible solution is the incorporation of the statistical variation of soil parameters into deterministic process models. This demands the development of stochastic models of spatial variability. To this end, spatial soil parameter fields are conceived as the realisation of a rand

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31

Tissier, Ann-Sophie, Jean-Michel Brankart, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Giovanni Ruggiero, Emmanuel Cosme, and Pierre Brasseur. "A multiscale ocean data assimilation approach combining spatial and spectral localisation." Ocean Science 15, no. 2 (2019): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-443-2019.

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Abstract. Ocean data assimilation systems encompass a wide range of scales that are difficult to control simultaneously using partial observation networks. All scales are not observable by all observation systems, which is not easily taken into account in current ocean operational systems. The main reason for this difficulty is that the error covariance matrices are usually assumed to be local (e.g. using a localisation algorithm in ensemble data assimilation systems), so that the large-scale patterns are removed from the error statistics. To better exploit the observational information availa

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32

Getling, Alexander V., and Alexander G. Kosovichev. "Spatial Scales and Time Variation of Solar Subsurface Convection." Astrophysical Journal 937, no. 1 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8870.

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Abstract Spectral analysis of the spatial structure of solar subphotospheric convection is carried out for subsurface flow maps constructed using the time–distance helioseismological technique. The source data are obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory from 2010 May to 2020 September. A spherical harmonic transform is applied to the horizontal velocity divergence field at depths from 0 to 19 Mm. The range of flow scales is fairly broad in the shallow layers and narrows as the depth increases. The horizontal flow scales increase rapidly with d

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33

Sreekar, Rachakonda, Masatoshi Katabuchi, Akihiro Nakamura, et al. "Spatial scale changes the relationship between beta diversity, species richness and latitude." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 9 (2018): 181168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181168.

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The relationship between β-diversity and latitude still remains to be a core question in ecology because of the lack of consensus between studies. One hypothesis for the lack of consensus between studies is that spatial scale changes the relationship between latitude and β-diversity. Here, we test this hypothesis using tree data from 15 large-scale forest plots (greater than or equal to 15 ha, diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm) across a latitudinal gradient (3–30 o ) in the Asia-Pacific region. We found that the observed β-diversity decreased with increasing latitude when sampling local tree co

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Ninove, F., P. Y. Le Traon, E. Remy, and S. Guinehut. "Spatial scales of temperature and salinity variability estimated from Argo observations." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (2015): 1793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1793-2015.

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Abstract. Argo observations from 2005 to 2013 are used to characterize spatial scales temperature and salinity variations from the surface down to 1500 m. Simulations are first performed to analyze the sensitivity of results to Argo sampling; they show that several years of Argo observations are required to estimate the spatial scales of ocean variability over 20° × 20° boxes. Spatial scales are then computed over several large scale areas. Zonal and meridional spatial scales (Lx and Ly which are also zero crossing of covariance functions) vary as expected with latitudes. Scales are of about 1

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35

Balsa-Barreiro, José, Alfredo J. Morales, and Rubén C. Lois-González. "Mapping Population Dynamics at Local Scales Using Spatial Networks." Complexity 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8632086.

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Nowadays, around half of the global population lives in urban areas. This rate is expected to increase up to two-thirds by the year 2050. Most studies analyze urban dynamics in wide geographic ranges, focusing mainly on cities. According to them, the global population is spatially distributed (and polarized) in two extremes: large urban agglomerations and rural deserts. However, this remark is excessively general and imprecise. For this reason, it remains essential to analyze these dynamics at other spatial scales. A close-up look in thinly populated regions shows how urban dynamics are also n

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Trautmann, Tina, Sujan Koirala, Nuno Carvalhais, et al. "Understanding terrestrial water storage variations in northern latitudes across scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 7 (2018): 4061–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4061-2018.

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Abstract. The GRACE satellites provide signals of total terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations over large spatial domains at seasonal to inter-annual timescales. While the GRACE data have been extensively and successfully used to assess spatio-temporal changes in TWS, little effort has been made to quantify the relative contributions of snowpacks, soil moisture, and other components to the integrated TWS signal across northern latitudes, which is essential to gain a better insight into the underlying hydrological processes. Therefore, this study aims to assess which storage component domin

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37

Asefa, Mengesha, Han-Dong Wen, Min Cao, and Yue-Hua Hu. "Key Community Assembly Processes Switch between Scales in Shaping Beta Diversity in Two Primary Forests, Southwest China." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101106.

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Environmental and dispersal-based processes have been widely investigated for the understanding of community assembly. However, the relative importance of these ecological processes across spatial scales, life history stages and forest types needs to be largely studied. We test the variability of ecological processes in shaping tree community composition across life stages and spatial scales, and in particular, the hypothesis that dispersal limitation dominates at smaller scales and early life stages, but environmental filtering at larger scales and later life stages. We used spatially explici

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Xu, Y., and J. Soininen. "Spatial patterns of functional diversity and composition in marine benthic ciliates along the coast of China." Marine Ecology Progress Series 627 (September 26, 2019): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13086.

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Large-scale patterns of community composition and diversity along environmental gradients have been well studied for macroorganisms. However, the biogeography of microorganisms, especially ciliated protozoa, remains understudied. Here, we analyzed a comprehensive database of marine benthic ciliates found along the coast of China from 1991 to 2018 to examine the geographical patterns in species and trait composition and functional diversity. According to redundancy analysis conducted at large spatial scales, environmental variables, i.e. habitat type and salinity, explained more variance in spe

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Li, Jiake, Cong Mu, Chenning Deng, and Menghua Ma. "Hydrologic-environmental effects of sponge city under different spatial scales." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 1 (2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2019.046.

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Abstract The storm water management models were established at three spatial scales (large, medium, and small) based on a sponge city pilot area in China to explore the hydrological and environmental effects of rainfall conditions and development modes. Results showed the following. (1) Total runoff reduction rates increased from 26.7% to 53.9% for the rainfall event of a 2-year recurrence period as the scale increased. For 5-year and above recurrence periods, total runoff reduction rates were 19.5–49.4%. These rates increased from the small to medium scale and slightly decreased from the medi

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Gu, Yue, Junhui Zhang, Wang Ma, et al. "Ecological Factors Driving Tree Diversity across Spatial Scales in Temperate Forests, Northeast China." Forests 14, no. 6 (2023): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061241.

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Species diversity has been shown to be influenced by environmental factors, but the mechanism underlying their relationship remains unclear across spatial scales. Based on field investigation data collected from 3077 sample plots in temperate forest ecosystems, we compared tree species richness, evenness and dominance at 10 km × 10 km, 30 km × 30 km and 90 km × 90 km spatial scales. Then, we detected the scale dependence of changes in tree species composition on climate, topography and forest structure using variation partitioning and quantified their contribution to tree diversity with gradie

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41

Baltzer, J. R., R. J. Adrian, and Xiaohua Wu. "Structural organization of large and very large scales in turbulent pipe flow simulation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 720 (February 27, 2013): 236–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.642.

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AbstractThe physical structures of velocity are examined from a recent direct numerical simulation of fully developed incompressible turbulent pipe flow (Wu, Baltzer & Adrian, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 698, 2012, pp. 235–281) at a Reynolds number of ${\mathit{Re}}_{D} = 24\hspace{0.167em} 580$ (based on bulk velocity) and a Kármán number of ${R}^{+ } = 685$. In that work, the periodic domain length of $30$ pipe radii $R$ was found to be sufficient to examine long motions of negative streamwise velocity fluctuation that are commonly observed in wall-bounded turbulent flows and correspond to the

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42

Li, B., and M. Rodell. "Spatial variability and its scale dependency of observed and modeled soil moisture over different climate regions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 3 (2013): 1177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1177-2013.

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Abstract. Past studies on soil moisture spatial variability have been mainly conducted at catchment scales where soil moisture is often sampled over a short time period; as a result, the observed soil moisture often exhibited smaller dynamic ranges, which prevented the complete revelation of soil moisture spatial variability as a function of mean soil moisture. In this study, spatial statistics (mean, spatial variability and skewness) of in situ soil moisture, modeled and satellite-retrieved soil moisture obtained in a warm season (198 days) were examined over three large climate regions in th

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Towse, Benjamin W., Caswell Barry, Daniel Bush, and Neil Burgess. "Optimal configurations of spatial scale for grid cell firing under noise and uncertainty." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1635 (2014): 20130290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0290.

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We examined the accuracy with which the location of an agent moving within an environment could be decoded from the simulated firing of systems of grid cells. Grid cells were modelled with Poisson spiking dynamics and organized into multiple ‘modules’ of cells, with firing patterns of similar spatial scale within modules and a wide range of spatial scales across modules. The number of grid cells per module, the spatial scaling factor between modules and the size of the environment were varied. Errors in decoded location can take two forms: small errors of precision and larger errors resulting

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Whitridge, Peter. "Fractal Worlds: An Archaeology of Nested Spatial Scales." ARCTIC 69, no. 5 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4659.

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Archaeologists approach their evidence at numerous scales, from the intercontinental distributions of people and their things to the microscopic structure in a thin section. This is possible and worthwhile, in part, because people in the past also acted in, and conceived of, their worlds at a variety of scales. The precontact Inuit record reveals not only large-scale regional networks and intricate site structures, but also the diminutive worlds depicted in toys, amulets, and figurative art. The human body was the most popular object of this miniaturization discourse, and it served to anchor t

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Zhang, Huijuan, Wenkai Liu, Qingfeng Hu, and Xiaodong Huang. "Multi-Scale Integration and Distribution of Soil Organic Matter Spatial Variation in a Coal–Grain Compound Area." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043780.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) scale effects are critical for crop growth and food security, especially in coal–grain complexes. However, few studies describe the spatial variation in SOM and its influencing factors at different sampling scales. Here, geostatistical theory and mathematical statistical methods were adopted to analyze the spatial variation characteristics of and structural differences in SOM in the coal mining subsidence area at Zhaogu No. 2 Mine at different sampling scales. The results showed that SOM varied spatially at large, medium, and small scales, and the coefficients of vari

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Baillie, S. R., and P. F. Doherty. "Analysis using large-scale ringing data." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27, no. 1 (2004): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2004.27.0371.

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Birds are highly mobile organisms and there is increasing evidence that studies at large spatial scales are needed if we are to properly understand their population dynamics. While classical metapopulation models have rarely proved useful for birds, more general metapopulation ideas involving collections of populations interacting within spatially structured landscapes are highly relevant (Harrison, 1994). There is increasing interest in understanding patterns of synchrony, or lack of synchrony, between populations and the environmental and dispersal mechanisms that bring about these patterns

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Drinkwater, Michael J., and Robert W. Schmidt. "The Large-scale Distribution of Radio Sources." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 13, no. 2 (1996): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132335800002066x.

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AbstractWe have used a sample of 263 Parkes half-Jansky flat-spectrum radio sources to measure the spatial correlation function of radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars on scales up to 1000 h−1 Mpc. We do not detect any clustering in the sample. If any undetected clustering is described by a power-law spatial correlation function [ξ(r) = (r/r0)−1·8], we can rule out clustering with scales r0 ≥ 50 h−1 Mpc at the 99·9% confidence level. We have also used the sample to test for the ‘possible’ large concentration of quasars in the direction of the microwave background dipole found by Shaver (1987)

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Frank, Kenneth T., Brian Petrie, William C. Leggett, and Daniel G. Boyce. "Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 29 (2016): 8248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602325113.

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Synchronous variations in the abundance of geographically distinct marine fish populations are known to occur across spatial scales on the order of 1,000 km and greater. The prevailing assumption is that this large-scale coherent variability is a response to coupled atmosphere–ocean dynamics, commonly represented by climate indexes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. On the other hand, it has been suggested that exploitation might contribute to this coherent variability. This possibility has been generally ignored or dismissed on the grounds that expl

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Rayment Gomez, Santiago, Rosie Maddren, Ewnetu Firdawek Liyew, et al. "Spatial heterogeneity in mass drug administration from a longitudinal epidemiological study assessing transmission interruption of soil transmitted helminths in the Wolaita zone of southern Ethiopia (Geshiyaro Project)." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 2 (2024): e0011947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011947.

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Objectives Deworming programmes of soil-transmitted helminths are generally monitored and evaluated by aggregating drug coverage and infection levels at a district level. However, heterogeneity in drug coverage at finer spatial scales means indicators may remain above thresholds for elimination as a public health problem or of transmission in some areas. This paper aims to highlight the misleading information that aggregating data at larger spatial scales can have for programme decision making. Methods Drug coverage data from the Geshiyaro project were compared at two spatial scales with refer

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Jackson, Michelle, Gianfranco Sienra, Pablo Santoro, and Mónica Fossati. "Temporal and Spatial Variability Scales of Salinity at a Large Microtidal Estuary." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080860.

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The Río de la Plata is a large fluvial–estuarine–sea system discharging into the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, which has relevant features such as high fluvial discharge, microtidal astronomical tidal scales, a relevant meteorological tide, and a strong atmospheric forcing effect, due to its large width. The objective of this study is to advance the understanding of the estuarine hydrodynamics and salt transport, as well as discussing the main characteristics of the spatiotemporal variability of the salinity field. To achieve this, the results of a 3D model of the Río de la Plata and its mariti

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