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Journal articles on the topic 'Large strain extrusion machining'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Gurusamy, Muralimohan, and Balkrishna C. Rao. "A Comprehensive Review of Large-Strain-Extrusion Machining Process for Production of Fine-Grained Materials." Crystals 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010131.

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Bulk nanostructured metals and alloys are finding increasing structural applications due to their superior mechanical properties. The methods that rely on the severe plastic deformation technique for effecting microstructural refinement through imposing large strains are utilized mostly to produce nanostructured materials. The machining process has been demonstrated as a simple process for severe plastic deformation by imposing large strains through a single pass of the cutting tool where strains in a range of 1–15 can be imposed for a variety of materials by varying the cutting conditions and tool geometry. However, the geometry of the resulting chip subjected to severe plastic deformation during the machining process is not under control and, hence, a variant of the machining process, called the large-strain-extrusion machining process, has been proposed and utilized extensively for producing bulk nanostructured materials. Large-strain-extrusion machining possesses simultaneous control over microstructure refinement, through managing the strain during large-strain machining, and the shape and dimension of the resulting chip by the extrusion process. This study provides a comprehensive review of the large-strain-extrusion machining process by presenting the findings related to the utilization of this process for the production of fine-grained foils for various metals and alloys. Further research efforts related to finite-element modelling of large-strain-extrusion machining and their usefulness in designing the experimental setup and process conditions are also discussed.

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2

Moscoso, W., M. R. Shankar, J. B. Mann, W. D. Compton, and S. Chandrasekar. "Bulk nanostructured materials by large strain extrusion machining." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0021.

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Large strain extrusion machining (LSEM) is presented as a method of severe plastic deformation for the creation of bulk nanostructured materials. This method combines inherent advantages afforded by large strain deformation in chip formation by machining, with simultaneous dimensional control of extrusion in a single step of deformation. Bulk nanostructured materials in the form of foils, plates, and bars of controlled dimensions are shown to result by appropriately controlling the geometric parameters of the deformation in large strain extrusion machining.

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3

Lin, Ping, Zi Chun Xie, and Qing Li. "Effect of the Friction Coefficient on Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.138.

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The present study focused on the influence of the friction coefficient on the deformation behavior in large strain extrusion machining (LSEM). A series of simulation results of effective strain were obtained under different friction coefficients by conducting finite element simulations with a FEM code. The results show that LSEM can produce different effective strains by changing the friction coefficients, thus enabling the fabrication of bulk nanostructured materials. An analysis of the variation of effective strain through the chip demonstrated that the chip deformed much more inhomogeneously when the friction coefficient became larger. The obtained results can offer valuable guidelines for later LSEM studies.

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4

Deng, Wen Jun, Ping Lin, Zi Chun Xie, and Qing Li. "Analysis of Large-Strain Extrusion Machining with Different Chip Compression Ratios." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/851753.

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Large-Strain Extrusion Machining (LSEM) is a novel-introduced process for deforming materials to very high plastic strains to produce ultra-fine nanostructured materials. Before the technique can be exploited, it is important to understand the deformation behavior of the workpiece and its relationship to the machining parameters and friction conditions. This paper reports finite-element method (FEM) analysis of the LSEM process to understand the evolution of temperature field, effective strain, and strain rate under different chip compression ratios. The cutting and thrust forces are also analyzed with respect to time. The results show that LSEM can produce very high strains by changing in the value of chip compression ratio, thereby enabling the production of nanostructured materials. The shape of the chip produced by LSEM can also be geometrically well constrained.

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5

Bertolini, R., S. Bruschi, A. Ghiotti, L. Pezzato, and M. Dabalà. "Large strain extrusion machining of magnesium alloys for biomedical applications." Procedia CIRP 71 (2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.05.080.

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6

Cai, S. L., Y. Chen, G. G. Ye, M. Q. Jiang, H. Y. Wang, and L. H. Dai. "Characterization of the deformation field in large-strain extrusion machining." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 216 (February 2015): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.08.022.

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7

Sevier, M., H. T. Y. Yang, W. Moscoso, and S. Chandrasekar. "Analysis of Severe Plastic Deformation by Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, no. 11 (August 7, 2008): 2645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9608-0.

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8

Molafilabi, Sajad, Alireza Sadeghi, and Mohammadjafar Hadad. "Investigation of large strain extrusion machining (LSEM) of pure magnesium (Mg)." International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 3, no. 2 (June 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.09.001.

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9

Deng, Wen Jun, Ping Lin, Qing Li, and Wei Xia. "Effect of Constraining Tool Corner Radius on Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 28, no. 10 (October 3, 2013): 1090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2013.811747.

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10

Moradi, Marzyeh, Saurabh Basu, and M. Ravi Shankar. "Creation of ultrafine-grained surfaces by large strain extrusion machining (LSEM)." Machining Science and Technology 21, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10910344.2017.1336624.

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11

Pi, Yun-Yun, Wen-Jun Deng, Jia-Yang Zhang, Xiao-Long Yin, and Wei Xia. "Towards understanding the microstructure and temperature rule in large strain extrusion machining." Advances in Manufacturing 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40436-020-00343-w.

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12

Guo, Y., M. Efe, W. Moscoso, D. Sagapuram, K. P. Trumble, and S. Chandrasekar. "Deformation field in large-strain extrusion machining and implications for deformation processing." Scripta Materialia 66, no. 5 (March 2012): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.045.

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13

Iglesias, P., M. D. Bermúdez, W. Moscoso, B. C. Rao, M. R. Shankar, and S. Chandrasekar. "Friction and wear of nanostructured metals created by large strain extrusion machining." Wear 263, no. 1-6 (September 2007): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.040.

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14

Cai, S. L., and L. H. Dai. "Suppression of repeated adiabatic shear banding by dynamic large strain extrusion machining." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 73 (December 2014): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2014.09.004.

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15

Deng, Wen Jun, Yong Tai He, Ping Lin, Wei Xia, and Yong Tang. "Investigation of the Effect of Rake Angle on Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 29, no. 5 (April 28, 2014): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.901518.

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16

Kumar, Pushpinder, Ravinder Singh Joshi, and Rohit Kumar Singla. "Sliding wear behaviour of CP titanium laminates produced by large strain extrusion machining." Wear 477 (July 2021): 203774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203774.

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17

Wu, Bangxian, Bin Chen, Zhijie Zou, Shaofeng Liao, and Wenjun Deng. "Thermal Stability of Ultrafine Grained Pure Copper Prepared by Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Metals 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8060381.

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18

Yin, Xiaolong, Yunyun Pi, Di He, Jiayang Zhang, and Wenjun Deng. "Development of ultrafine grained Al 7075 by cryogenic temperature large strain extrusion machining." Journal of Materials Research 33, no. 20 (September 20, 2018): 3449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.313.

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19

Deng, W. J., Q. Li, B. L. Li, Z. C. Xie, Y. T. He, Y. Tang, and W. Xia. "Thermal stability of ultrafine grained aluminium alloy prepared by large strain extrusion machining." Materials Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (December 6, 2013): 850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284713y.0000000421.

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20

Zhang, Jia Yang, Bing Lin Li, Zhi Jie Zou, Tong Zou, and Wen Jun Deng. "Grain Refinement and Thermal Stability of AISI1020 Strips Prepared by Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.509.

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Low carbon steel (AISI1020) strips with grain refinement were successfully produced by large strain extrusion machining (LSEM).A finite element simulation was performed to make comprehensible the deformation behavior of LSEM process. The influence of annealing temperature and annealing time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of strips was investigated by two sets of heat treatments and Vickers hardness test. As a result, strips can maintain high hardness under 400°C but start losing it as the temperature increased to 500°C and above. When annealED at 300°C for 1~9h, hardness of strips can maintain at almost the same level as that before annealing. Obvious hardening was found when annealing at 200~300°C mainly because of the dislocations atresia. Despite of the anneal-hardening behavior, these results indicated that the extruded AISI1020 strip has a good thermal stability at temperature below 400°C.

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21

Yin, Xiaolong, Yunyun Pi, Di He, Jiayang Zhang, and Wenjun Deng. "Development of ultrafine grained Al 7075 by cryogenic temperature large strain extrusion machining – CORRIGENDUM." Journal of Materials Research 34, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.383.

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22

Efe, Mert, Wilfredo Moscoso, Kevin P. Trumble, W. Dale Compton, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "Mechanics of large strain extrusion machining and application to deformation processing of magnesium alloys." Acta Materialia 60, no. 5 (March 2012): 2031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.018.

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23

Yin, Xiaolong, Haitao Chen, and Wenjun Deng. "Effects of Machining Velocity on Ultra-Fine Grained Al 7075 Alloy Produced by Cryogenic Temperature Large Strain Extrusion Machining." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101656.

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In this study, cryogenic temperature large strain extrusion machining (CT-LSEM) as a novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) method for producing ultra-fine grained (UFG) microstructure is investigated. Solution treated Al 7075 alloy was subjected to CT-LSEM, room temperature (RT) LSEM, as well as CT free machining (CT-FM) with different machining velocities to study their comparative effects. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Vickers hardness measurements. It is observed that the hardness of the sample has increased from 105 HV to 169 HV and the chip can be fully extruded under CT-LSEM at the velocity of 5.4 m/min. The chip thickness and hardness decrease with velocity except for RT-LSEM at the machining velocity of 21.6 m/min, under which the precipitation hardening exceeds the softening effect. The constraining tool and processing temperature play a significant role in chip morphology. DSC analysis suggests that the LSEM process can accelerate the aging kinetics of the alloy. A higher dislocation density, which is due to the suppression of dynamic recovery, contributes to the CT-LSEM samples, resulting in greater hardness than the RT-LSEM samples.

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24

Zhou, Zihan, Bangxian Wu, Haitao Chen, Baoyu Zhang, and Wenjun Deng. "Microstructure evolution of ultrafine grained aluminum alloy prepared by large strain extrusion machining during annealing." Materials Research Express 6, no. 11 (October 10, 2019): 116550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab4850.

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25

Palaniappan, Karthik, H. Murthy, and Balkrishna C. Rao. "Production of fine-grained foils by large strain extrusion-machining of textured Ti–6Al–4V." Journal of Materials Research 33, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.445.

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26

Iglesias, P., M. D. Bermúdez, W. Moscoso, and S. Chandrasekar. "Influence of processing parameters on wear resistance of nanostructured OFHC copper manufactured by large strain extrusion machining." Wear 268, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.07.009.

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27

Yin, Xiaolong, Wenjun Deng, Yinhui Zou, and Jiayang Zhang. "Ultrafine grained Al 7075 alloy fabricated by cryogenic temperature large strain extrusion machining combined with aging treatment." Materials Science and Engineering: A 762 (August 2019): 138106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138106.

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28

Bertolini, R., S. Bruschi, and A. Ghiotti. "Large Strain Extrusion Machining under Cryogenic Cooling to Enhance Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Applications." Procedia Manufacturing 26 (2018): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.030.

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29

Sharma, Vipin Kumar, Vinod Kumar, and Ravinder Singh Joshi. "Quantitative analysis of microstructure refinement in ultrafine-grained strips of Al6063 fabricated using large strain extrusion machining." Machining Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10910344.2019.1636264.

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30

Wang, Qingqing, Ravi M. Shankar, Zhanqiang Liu, and Yanhai Cheng. "Crystallographic texture evolutions of Ti-6Al-4V chip foils in relation to strain path and high strain rate arising from large strain extrusion machining process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 305 (July 2022): 117588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117588.

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31

Pi, Yunyun, Xiaolong Yin, Wenjun Deng, and Wei Xia. "Study on Surface Hardness and Microstructure of Pure Copper Chip Strips Prepared by LSEM." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (July 8, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5254892.

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Large strain extrusion machining (LSEM) is one of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods that can improve the mechanical properties of materials. The purpose of this experiment is to study the surface hardness and microstructure of the pure copper chip strips. It was found that most of the grains of the chip strips had been refined to the ultrafine grain grade. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were conducted to predict the von Mises equivalent strains. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), further study indicated that the surface hardness of the chip strips was decided by several key parameters including the chip thickness compression ratio, rake angle, and uncut chip thickness during LSEM. Through this analysis, a set of parameters which have the greatest impact on the properties of the material can be found. This set of parameters helps us to achieve the strip with the best performance.

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32

Lee, Seongeyl, Jihong Hwang, M. Ravi Shankar, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, and W. Dale Compton. "Large strain deformation field in machining." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 37, no. 5 (May 2006): 1633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0105-z.

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33

Su, Chun Jian, Quan Lan Li, Lin Jing Xiao, and Su Min Guo. "Mechanical Analysis of Warm Extrusion Precision Forming on 42CrMo Steel Cutting Pick." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1061.

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Cutting pick is a kind of widely-used consumptive mining tool. The traditional producing technics of cutting pick body is foundry, or machining after roughly forging, or machining directly from metal bar. By former technics, the property of products is poor, and by latter, the material availability is low and the cost is high. The patent technology for cutting pick body warm extrusion introduced in this paper can overcome all the disadvantages mentioned above. In this paper, by analyzing the characteristic of cutting pick body warm extrusion, adopting the principle of power balance to solve the approximate solution of strain forces, the approximate calculating formulas of extruding power are deduced. The main factors affecting on extrusion force are determined theoretically. This research can be used as basis to design tooling and choose proper equipment for this new technology.

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34

MIZUNUMA, Susumu. "Large-Strain Characteristics and Grain Refinement in Torsion Extrusion." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 50, no. 578 (2009): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.50.186.

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35

Wu, C. L., and Z. R. Wang. "Effect of Machining Parameters on Deformation Field in Machining by Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.942.

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Formation of chip is a typical severe plastic deformation progress in machining which is only single deformation stage. The large strain, low temperature and deformation force are the major premises to create significant microstructure refinement in metals and alloys. A finite element method was developed to characterize the distribution of strain, temperature and cutting force. Effects of rake angle, cutting velocity and friction on effective strain, cutting force imposed in the chip are researched and the conditions which lead to the large stain deformation in machining are highlighted. The results of simulation have shown that chip materials with ultrafine grained and high hardness can be produced with negative tool rake angle at some lower cutting velocity.

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36

Xu, Su, W. R. Tyson, R. Bouchard, and Roy Eagleson. "Tensile and Compressive Properties for Crashworthiness Assessment of a Large AZ31 Extrusion." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.527.

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Tensile and compressive tests of a large AZ31 extrusion were performed along extrusion and long transverse directions over a range of strain rate (0.00075 s-1 to 9 s-1) and temperature (100°C to -143°C). The effects of strain rate, temperature, sample orientation and load direction (tension or compression) on mechanical properties are reported and discussed. The yield strength of tensile samples along the extrusion direction can be described by a constitutive equation using the conventional rate parameter for thermally activated deformation.

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37

Zhao, Xiao Lian, Ning Ning Zhao, and Na Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Large-Sized Pure Aluminum Rod under Multi-Pass ECAP." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2019.

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In order to obtain the bulk ultra-fine grain materials with excellent performance under the conditions of severe plastic deformation, the law curves of squeeze pressure, stress and strain of the extrusion process on large-sized pure aluminum rods had been gotten by the finite element simulation of 6-pass ECAP. With the increasing of extrusion passes, the maximum extrusion load increases significantly and the distribution uniformity on the values of equivalent stress and strain improves. So the multi-pass equal channel angular pressing can achieve good effect of grain refinement and improves the distribution uniformity of grain-size.

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38

Wu, C. L., Z. R. Wang, and Wen Zhang. "Research of Formation Mechanics on Nanostructured Chips by Multi-Deformations Based on Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.352.

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Formation of chip is a typical severe plastic deformation progress in machining which is only single deformation stage. The rake angle of tool is governing parameter to create large strain imposed in the chip. Effect of rake angle and deformation times on effective strain, mean strain, strain variety and strain rate imposed in the chip are researched respectively. The result of simulation have shown that the chip with large strain and better uniform of strain along the longitudinal section of chip can be produced with negative rake angle at some lower cutting velocity by multi-deformations in large strain machining.

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39

Fu, Xiu Li, Hui Wang, Yi Wan, and Xiao Qin Wang. "Material Constitutive Model in Machining 7050-T7451 by Orthogonal Machining Experiments." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.713.

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Material constitutive model for metal machining is very difficult to obtain and establish accurately by conventional tension and compression tests. The dynamic mechanical properties and material model during machining aluminum 7050-T7451 are studied by means of orthogonal machining experiments (including quick-stop experiment, cutting force and cutting temperature measurements). Compare with compression tests (SHPB), the established material model with large strain (0.8~1.9) and high strain rate (0.45×105~1.89×105) in this paper is more valid and reliability in simulation and analyzing machining process.

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40

Fleischer, Jürgen, and Jan Philipp Schmidt-Ewig. "Accuracy Improvement of a Machine Kinematics for the Product Flexible Machining of Curved Extrusion Profiles." Advanced Materials Research 43 (April 2008): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.43.135.

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Within traffic engineering, the importance of lightweight space frame structures continuously grows. The space frame design offers many advantages for light weight construction but also brings challenges for the production technology. For example, the important requests concerning product flexibility and reconfiguration can only be achieved with a high technical effort, if current machine technology is used. For this reason, the collaborative research center SFB/TR10 investigates the scientific fundamentals of a process chain for the product flexible and automated production of space frame structures. An important component in space frame structures are curved extrusion profiles. Within the investigated process chain, the extrusions must be machined mechanically in order to apply holes and to prepare the extrusion ends for the following welding operation.The machining is currently done by clamping the profile into a fixture and processing it within a machining center. This procedure has two disadvantages due to the complex geometry and the partially high length of the extrusion profiles: On the one hand, a complex fixture is needed for clamping the work piece [1]. On the other hand, a machining center with a large workspace and five machine axes is required [2]. Due to this, the product flexible machining with current technology is only possible with high technical and economical effort. For this reason, a new machine concept for the product flexible machining of three dimensionally curved extrusion profiles was developed at the University of Karlsruhe. In this paper, the function of the machine is explained and a prototype is presented. In addition, investigation results of the machining accuracy are shown and possibilities for improving the precision are discussed.

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41

Shamsborhan, Mahmoud, Ali Shokuhfar, Omid Nejadseyfi, Jamal Kakemam, and Mahmoud Moradi. "Experimental and numerical comparison of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) with planar twist channel angular extrusion (PTCAE)." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 16 (December 30, 2014): 3059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214566035.

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Planar twist channel angular extrusion (PTCAE) is a new severe plastic deformation (SPD) method to impose large strain and to increase the efficiency of SPD methods. This novel process was conducted on commercially pure aluminum and was investigated by finite element analysis and experimental tests. The results revealed that performing PTCAE made it possible to impose large strain values per pass while maintaining a homogenous hardness distribution on the cross-section of sample. The objective of this paper is comparison of hardness after one pass of PTCAE and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed samples. The results revealed that an increase in the hardness from 29 Hv to ∼49 Hv and ∼41 Hv could be achieved after one pass of PTCAE and ECAP, respectively. PTCAE process has two important advantages of inducing higher plastic strain and excellent strain and hardness homogeneity. Therefore, PTCAE is a promising SPD technique for specific applications to produce ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials.

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42

Kolpak, Felix, Heinrich Traphöner, Oliver Hering, and A. Erman Tekkaya. "Large strain flow curves of sheet metals by sheet extrusion." CIRP Annals 70, no. 1 (2021): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2021.03.023.

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43

Wu, Chun Ling, Zhong Ren Wang, and Wen Zhang. "Effects of Extrusion Speed on the Deformation of Copper Using ECAP Based on FEM." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.729.

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Severe plastic deformation is defined as metal forming methods in which a very large strain is imposed to a bulk in order to make an ultra-fine grained metal. ECAP is one of the most effective methods in SPD. The influences of main parameters on deformation include extrusion route, extrusion pass, die corner, friction, extrusion speed and so on. In this investigation, a model of ECAP process has been developed based on FEM and effects of extrusion speed on effective strain, load and effective stress imposed in the copper road are researched. The results of simulation have shown that lower extrusion speed can lead to higher load of top die and effective stress while the effect of extrusion speed on effective strain of copper road is slight.

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44

Chen, Haitao, Baoyu Zhang, Jiayang Zhang, and Wenjun Deng. "Preparation of Ultrafine-Grained Continuous Chips by Cryogenic Large Strain Machining." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030398.

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Conventional orthogonal machining is an effective severe plastic deformation (SPD) method to fabricate ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials. However, UFG materials produced by room temperature-free machining (RT-FM) are prone to dynamic recovery, which decreases the mechanical properties of UFG materials. In this study, the cryogenic orthogonal machining technique was implemented to fabricate chips that have an abundant UFG microstructure. Solution-treated Al-7075 bulk has been processed in cryogenic temperature (CT) and room temperature (RT) with various machining parameters, respectively. The microstructure, chip morphology and mechanical properties of CT and RT samples have been investigated. CT samples can reach a microhardness of 167.46 Hv, and the hardness of CT samples is higher than that of the corresponding RT samples among all parameters, with an average difference of 5.62 Hv. Piecemeal chip obtained under RT has cracks on its free surface, and elevated temperature aggravates crack growth, whereas all CT samples possess smoother surfaces and continuous shape. CT suppresses dynamic recovery effectively to form a heavier deformation microstructure, and with a higher dislocation density in CT samples, they further improve the chips’ hardness. Also, CT inhibits the formation of solute cluster and precipitation to enhance the formability of material, so that continuous chips are formed.

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45

Furmanski, Jevan, Carl P. Trujillo, Daniel T. Martinez, George T. Gray, and Eric N. Brown. "Dynamic-Tensile-Extrusion for investigating large strain and high strain rate behavior of polymers." Polymer Testing 31, no. 8 (December 2012): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.07.011.

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Swaminathan, Srinivasan, M. Ravi Shankar, Seongyl Lee, Jihong Hwang, Alexander H. King, Renae F. Kezar, Balkrishna C. Rao, et al. "Large strain deformation and ultra-fine grained materials by machining." Materials Science and Engineering: A 410-411 (November 2005): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.139.

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Royer, Raphaël, Olivier Cahuc, and Alain Gerard. "Strain Gradient Plasticity Applied to Material Cutting." Advanced Materials Research 423 (December 2011): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.423.103.

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To better understand the complex phenomena involved in the cutting process is to better qualify the behaviour law used in the simulatiotrn of machining processes (analytical and finite element modeling). The aim of this paper is to present the choices made regarding the behaviour law in this context, indeed, commonly used behaviour laws such as Jonhson-Cook can bring unsatisfactory results especially for high strain and large deformation processes. This study develops a large deformation strain-gradient theoretical framework with hypothesis linked with to metal cutting processes. The emphasis of the theory is placed on the existence of high shear phenomena creating a texture in the primary shear band. To account for the texture, the plastic spin is supposed to be relevant in this theory. It is shown that the theory as the capability of interpreting the complex phenomena found in machining and more particularly in high speed machining.

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Zhang, Lai-qi, Xiang-ling Ma, Geng-wu Ge, Yong-ming Hou, Jun-zi Zheng, and Jun-pin Lin. "Equal Channel Angular Extrusion Simulation of High-Nb Containingβ-γTiAl Alloys." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/285170.

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TiAl alloys containing high Nb are significantly promising for high-temperature structural applications in aerospace and automotive industries. Unfortunately the low plasticity at room temperature limits their extensive applications. To improve the plasticity, not only optimizing the opposition, but also refining grain size through equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is necessary. The equal channel angular extrusion simulation of Ti-44Al-8Nb-(Cr,Mn,B,Y)(at%) alloy was investigated by using the Deform-3D software. The influences of friction coefficient, extrusion velocity, and different channel angles on effective strain, damage factor, and the load on the die were analyzed. The results indicate that, with the increasing of friction coefficient, effective strain is enhanced. The extrusion velocity has little effect on the uniformity of effective strain; in contrast it has large influence on the damage factor. Thus smaller extrusion rate is more appropriate. Under the condition of different channel angles, the larger one results in the lower effective strain magnitude and better strain distribution uniformity.

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Sevier, Michael, Seongeyl Lee, M. Ravi Shankar, Henry T. Y. Yang, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, and W. Dale Compton. "Deformation Mechanics Associated with Formation of Ultra-Fine Grained Chips in Machining." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.379.

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The deformation field associated with chip formation in plane strain (2-D) machining has been simulated using the finite element method (FEM), with the objective of developing 2-D machining as an experimental technique for studying very large strain deformation phenomena. The principal machining parameters are the tool rake angle, cutting velocity and the friction at the toolchip interface while the deformation field parameters are strain, strain rate and temperature. The relation between rake angle and the shear strain in the deformation zone is studied for the low-speed cutting of lead. This correspondence is validated by comparison with measurements of the deformation parameters made by applying a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to highspeed photographic image sequences of the deformation. It is shown that plastic strains in the range of 1-15 can be realized in a controlled manner by appropriate choice of the rake angle. The unique capabilities offered by 2-D machining for studying micro- and nano- mechanics of large strain deformation, and the creation of ultra-fine grained materials are highlighted in the context of these results.

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Chen, Guo Ping, Jun Deng, and Shui Wen Zhu. "FEM Simulation on Extrusion of Magnesium Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.492.

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Extrusion of magnesium billets is associated with large deformations, high strain rates and high temperatures, which results in computationally challenging problems in process simulation. A simulation was carried out using the finite element software ABAQUS. The computed model was rotational symmetric and built up by meshing. Computed parameters including material characteristics and process conditions (billet temperature. reduction ratio, and ram speed) were taken into consideration. The distributions of temperature were different comparing the transient-state extrusion with the steady-state extrusion. The extrusion simulation was the reliable predictions of strain rate, effective strains, effective stresses and metal flow velocity in an AZ31 billet during direct extrusion.

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