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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser beam deflection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Pawliszyn, Janusz, Michael F. Weber, and Michael J. Dignam. "Dual‐beam laser deflection sensor." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 9 (September 1985): 1740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138135.

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2

Skupsky, S., T. J. Kessler, S. A. Letzring, and Y. ‐H Chuang. "Laser‐beam pulse shaping using spectral beam deflection." Journal of Applied Physics 73, no. 6 (March 15, 1993): 2678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353038.

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3

Iwasińska-Kowalska, Olga. "A SYSTEM FOR PRECISE LASER BEAM ANGULAR STEERING." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0003.

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Abstract A system for precise angular laser beam deflection by using a plane mirror is presented. The mirror was fixed to two supports attached to its edges. This article details the theoretical basis of how this deflector works. The spring deflection of a flat circular metal plate under a uniform axial buckling was used and the mechanical stress was generated by a piezoelectric layer. The characteristics of the deformation of the plate versus the voltage control of the piezoelectrics were examined and the value of the change resolution possible to obtain was estimated. An experimental system is presented and an experiment performed to examine this system. As a result, a resolution of displacement of 10-8 rad and a range of 10-5 rad were obtained.

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4

Li, Bin, Zhan-Jun Liu, Liang Hao, Chun-Yang Zheng, Hong-Bo Cai, and Min-Qing He. "Numerical simulation of beam deflection for smoothed laser beams." Acta Physica Sinica 69, no. 7 (2020): 075201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.69.20191639.

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5

Gagné, M. C., P. Galarneau, and S. L. Chin. "Photorefractive deflection technique using parallel and overlaping probe and pump beams." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-192.

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The present work provides an experimental study of a pulsed photorefractive technique to diagnose the interior of an irradiated region. Results obtained in a mixture of SF6 and Ar are presented to illustrate the experimental technique. Three distinct areas have been studied, (i) The two beams are parallel and their optical axes are coincident (collinear). At this particular position, the probe beam suffers a defocusing effect that is used to align collinearly two laser beams with a precision of ±3 μm. (ii) The two beams are parallel but slightly off axis. In this case, the probe beam suffers a deviation that is the sole result of a rarefaction in the irradiated region followed by the normal thermal equilibration. (iii) The two beams are parallel and slightly overlapping. The probe beam suffers a deviation similar to the preceding one. Moreover, it sees an initial outward-propagating acoustic (density) wave. It is in this particular region that the acoustic perturbation appears. Finaly, the gas mixture used under our experimental conditions is a good candidate for the collinear alignment of several laser beams. The only restrictions are that the pump laser must produce a beam with a symmetrical intensity profile, the other laser beams must be continuous-wave beams, and the gas mixture must be transparent to the latter.

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6

Sánchez Aké, C., H. Sobral, M. Villagrán Muniz, L. Escobar-Alarcón, and E. Camps. "Characterization of laser ablation plasmas by laser beam deflection." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 39, no. 5-6 (May 2003): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(02)00047-7.

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7

Bialkowski, Stephen E., Xiaoyun Gu, Pete E. Poston, and Linda S. Powers. "Pulsed-Laser Excited Differential Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 9 (September 1992): 1335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924123845.

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This paper describes a differential photothermal optical absorbance apparatus that uses two excitation beams at different wavelengths. A single probe beam monitors the difference in heats generated by the two wavelengths. The theory is developed for the operational principles of the apparatus, and theoretical signals are compared with those obtained with a conventional absorption spectrophotometer. The differential photothermal apparatus has a theoretical advantage over conventional spectrophotometry for samples with less than unit absorbance. Experiments are described which verify the operating principles and demonstrate the flexibility of the apparatus.

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8

ZHAO Wei-qian, 赵维谦, 任利利 REN Li-li, 盛. 忠. SHENG Zhong, 王. 允. WANG Yun, and 邱丽荣 QIU Li-rong. "Beam deflection scanning for laser confocal microscopy." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 6 (2016): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162406.1257.

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9

Frolov, E. N., A. V. Dik, and S. B. Dabagov. "Beam deflection by planar–curved laser channels." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 355 (July 2015): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.03.075.

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10

Roark, Kevin, and Gerald J. Diebold. "Resonant microphone based on laser beam deflection." Journal of Applied Physics 96, no. 1 (July 2004): 864–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1759079.

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11

Mukai, S., H. Takabe, M. Watanabe, H. Itoh, and H. Yajima. "Transverse beam deflection in a semiconductor laser." Electronics Letters 22, no. 19 (1986): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860666.

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12

Tran, Chieu D. "Helium Neon Laser Intracavity Photothermal Beam Deflection Densitometer." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 3 (March 1987): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874448850.

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A novel, compact He-Ne laser intracavity photothermal beam deflection densitometer has been developed. In this instrument, a TLC plate is placed inside the cavity of the He-Ne laser, which serves as a probe. An argon-ion pump-laser overlaps with the probe beam at the chro-matogram spot. The apparatus is 34 times more sensitive than the corresponding extracavity instrument. The technique not only was able to detect bilirubin, bilirubin ditauride, and half-bilirubin on a developed HPTLC but also provided insight into the photophysical processes of those pigments. The detection limit for bilirubin, excited by the 476-nm laser line, at 20 mW intensity, modulated at 7 Hz, is 2.5 ng.

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13

Nellessen, J., J. H. Müller, K. Sengstock, and W. Ertmer. "Large-angle beam deflection of a laser-cooled sodium beam." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 6, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.6.002149.

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14

Mishra, Rohit, Wilfried Grange, and Martin Hegner. "Rapid and Reliable Calibration of Laser Beam Deflection System for Microcantilever-Based Sensor Setups." Journal of Sensors 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/617386.

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Cantilever array-based sensor devices widely utilise the laser-based optical deflection method for measuring static cantilever deflections mostly with home-built devices with individual geometries. In contrast to scanning probe microscopes, cantilever array devices have no additional positioning device like a piezo stage. As the cantilevers are used in more and more sensitive measurements, it is important to have a simple, rapid, and reliable calibration relating the deflection of the cantilever to the change in position measured by the position-sensitive detector. We present here a simple method for calibrating such systems utilising commercially available AFM cantilevers and the equipartition theorem.

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15

Wu, Xing-Zheng, Tomohisa Kato, Yumiko Tsuji, and Satoshi Terada. "Hazard Identification on a Single Cell Level Using a Laser Beam." Analytical Chemistry Insights 2 (January 2007): 117739010700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/117739010700200016.

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This research shows a novel method for hazard identification of a chemical and UV light on a single cell level with a laser probe beam. The laser probe beam was passed through interface of cell membrane/culture medium of a cultured human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. Deflection of the laser probe beam, which was induced by changes in concentration gradients due to the active materials movement across the cell membrane, was monitored. When a toxic hazard existed, a living cell was expected to be killed or injured, or cellular behaviors to be changed greatly. Then, the changing deflection signal from the living cell would become unchanged or altered in a different way. This was successfully demonstrated with cytotoxity of UV light and H2O2. Most of the cultured HepG2 cells showed changing deflection signals after 10 min illumination of UV-visible light longer than 370 nm, while almost all HepG2 cells showed unchanged deflection signal after 10 min illumination of UV-visible light with wavelength longer than 330 nm. The results suggested that UV light between 330-370 nm could kill the cells. Additions of H2O2 solution with different concentrations to the cell cultures caused the changing deflection signal from a living cell either unchanged or changed in different trend, suggesting toxicity of H2O2 to the cells. The results from the beam deflection detection agreed well with those obtained by the conventional trypane blue method.

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16

Werfel, F. N., U. Floegel-Delor, R. Rothfeld, D. Wippich, and T. Riedel. "Laser beam deflection polygon scanner using HTS bearings." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 1737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.920119.

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17

Tran, Chieu D. "Helium-neon laser intracavity photothermal beam deflection spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 58, no. 8 (July 1986): 1714–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00121a025.

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18

Rose, A., Y. X. Nie, and R. Gupta. "Laser beam profile measurement by photothermal deflection technique." Applied Optics 25, no. 11 (June 1, 1986): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.001738.

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19

Wright, O. B., and T. Hyoguchi. "Ultrafast stress pulse detection by laser beam deflection." Le Journal de Physique IV 04, no. C7 (July 1994): C7–705—C7–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19947165.

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20

Hinkel, D. E., E. A. Williams, and C. H. Still. "Laser Beam Deflection Induced by Transverse Plasma Flow." Physical Review Letters 77, no. 7 (August 12, 1996): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.1298.

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21

Yasui, K., M. Tanaka, and S. Yagi. "Beam deflection in a transverse-flow gas laser." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 24, no. 8 (August 1988): 1538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.7081.

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22

Baz, A., and S. Poh. "A New Class of Distributed Sensors." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2889765.

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A new class of distributed sensors is presented which can measure both the linear and angular deflections of composite beams. The sensor relies in its operation on a set of wires which are embedded off the neutral axes of the composite beams. The wires are arranged in a special manner which allows continuous monitoring of the deflection curve of the beam. The output signals of the wires are processed to determine the linear and angular displacements at critical discrete points along the beam axis. The theoretical and experimental performance of the sensor is presented in both the time and frequency domains. Comparisons are given between the experimental performance of the distributed sensor and that of conventional laser sensors in order to demonstrate the accuracy and merits of the distributed sensor. The results obtained suggest the potential of this new class of sensors as a viable means for monitoring the static and dynamic deflections of flexible composite SMART beams and plates.

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23

Fotiou, Fotios K., and Michael D. Morris. "Hadamard Transform Photothermal Deflection Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 5 (July 1986): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508584.

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A 69-element Hadamard mask is used to encode a line-focused excimer laser beam to obtain spatially multiplexed photothermal deflection signals. The spatial distribution and relative quantities of potassium chromate samples on silica are recovered by Hadamard transformation.

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24

HASSAN, QUSAY MOHAMMED ALI. "OPTICAL SWITCHING OF ERYTHROSINE B BASED POLY (METHACRYLATE) FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 26 (October 20, 2009): 3137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021181.

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Erythrosine B based poly (methacrylate) films with varying even number of methylene spacers have been prepared by the free radical polymerization method. All optical switching and beam deflection effects of polymer films have been investigated by using Nd :YAG laser (532 nm) as a pump beam and a He – Ne laser (632.8 nm) as a probe beam. The nonlinear refractive indices of polymer films are determined using the Z-scan technique. The optical switching and beam deflection effects are due to the change of the refractive index of polymer under the pump beam. The experimental results show that erythrosine B based poly (methacrylate) films have potential application in optical switching.

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25

Spear, J. D., R. E. Russo, and R. J. Silva. "Differential Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy Using a Single Position Sensor." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 6 (August 1988): 1103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884430416.

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A differential dual-beam photothermal deflection spectrometer using a single position sensor is described. An excitation and a probe laser beam are directed simultaneously into a sample solution and a reference solution to provide real-time background correction. The probe beam that passes through the reference cell is folded back into the path of the sample-cell probe beam in such a way that only one position sensor is needed to monitor the deflection in both cells. Nd3+ solutions are used to demonstrate the effect of background correction and the sensitivity of this dual-beam photothermal deflection arrangement.

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26

Sell, Jeffrey A., David M. Heffelfinger, Peter Ventzek, and Ronald M. Gilgenbach. "Laser beam deflection as a probe of laser ablation of materials." Applied Physics Letters 55, no. 23 (December 4, 1989): 2435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102293.

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27

Johnson, R. F., and J. W. Rish. "Rolling Weight Deflectometer with Thermal and Vibrational Bending Compensation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1540, no. 1 (January 1996): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154000111.

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A pavement deflectometer has been developed for continuous measurement of airfield pavements under a rolling load wheel. The rolling weight deflectometer (RWD) measures pavement deflection using a new method of laser triangulation. It also compensates for bending of the beam on which the sensors are mounted. This compensation allows accurate measurement of deflection in the presence of motion and thermal effects. The deflection measurement incorporates data from four equally spaced pavement sensors mounted on a beam. The method requires the sensors to remain in a straight line at all times. This method was previously plagued with measurement errors caused by thermal and vibrational effects. The RWD uses a laser beam to monitor the state of bending of the physical beam in real time. The bending data are used with pavement sensor data to produce accurate deflection measurements in the presence of any amount of beam bending. The bending-compensated RWD produces deflection measurements on 0.3-m (1-ft) intervals with an accuracy of 40 microns (0.0015 in.) while moving at 10 km/hr (6 mph). The RWD is composed of a towed trailer, a networked data-acquisition system, and a load platform. Its essential elements consist of a horizontally transported beam, strategically placed pavement sensors, sensors to measure beam bending, an odometer, and a data-acquisition computer. A brief history of pavement deflection methods is presented along with a description of the RWD. Preliminary field results include a comparison between data obtained by a falling weight deflectometer and the RWD.

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28

Zhang, Jiangmei, Xiang Gao, Kunpeng Wang, Youyong Liu, Xiuhong Yang, and Yihui Ao. "Detection of the damage threshold of fused silica components and morphologies of repaired damage sites based on the beam deflection method." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0070.

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Abstract This article proposes a method to quickly detect the damage threshold of the fused silica components and the characteristics of the repair point damage. With a device detecting the beam deflection, the laser damage threshold is detected, quickly and effectively. Then, based on the beam deflection though mitigated sites, the beam deflection signals of the damage repair points are measured and the morphologies of mitigated sites are analyzed. This method is helpful in the online assessment of the damage resistance of the downstream optics and provides the guidance of the repair process.

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29

Li Bin, 李斌, 刘占军 Liu Zhanjun, 郑春阳 Zheng Chunyang, and 胡晓燕 Hu Xiaoyan. "Numerical studies of Gaussian laser beam deflection in hohlraum." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 12 (2014): 122005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20142612.122005.

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30

Witte, A., Th Kisters, F. Riehle, and J. Helmcke. "Laser cooling and deflection of a calcium atomic beam." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 9, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.9.001030.

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31

Nölle, B., H. Nölle, J. Schmand, and H. J. Andrä. "Atomic-beam deflection by double-Π-pulse laser technique." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 33, no. 4 (February 1, 1996): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1996-00330-9.

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32

Vattulainen, Juha, and Rolf Hernberg. "A versatile laser beam deflection sensor utilizing optical fibers." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 6 (June 1993): 1451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144061.

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33

Rose, Harvey A. "Laser beam deflection by flow and nonlinear self‐focusing." Physics of Plasmas 3, no. 5 (May 1996): 1709–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871690.

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34

She, W. L., Z. X. Yu, and W. K. Lee. "Laser beam deflection in a photorefractive crystal induced by lateral beam movement." Optics Communications 135, no. 4-6 (February 1997): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(96)00643-8.

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35

Sugihara, Kazuyoshi. "Optical beam-deflection scanning force microscope with easy cantilever-laser beam alignment." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 12, no. 2 (March 1994): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.587400.

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36

Chiang, An-Chung, Yuan-Yao Lin, Shou-Tai Lin, and Yen-Yin Lin. "A Broadband High-Diffraction-Efficiency Electro-Optic Bragg Deflector Based on Monolithic Dual-Grating Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate." Photonics 8, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070242.

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Electro-optic (EO) Bragg deflectors have been extensively used in a variety of applications. Recent developments show that bandwidths and deflection efficiencies, as well as angular bandwidths, would significantly limit the utilization of EO Bragg deflectors, especially for applications which need strong focusing, such as intra-cavity applications. In this paper, we introduce a broadband EO Bragg deflector based on periodically-poled lithium niobate with a monolithic dual-grating design. We analyzed the deflection properties of this device by using a modified coupled wave theory and showed that this device can be still efficient for a small beam radius under strong focusing, whereas a single-grating one becomes very inefficient. Using a 1064-nm laser beam with a 100-μm beam radius, we obtained a 74% deflection efficiency with a 190-V bias voltage with a 0.5-mm-thick and 7.5-mm-long dual-grating sample. The acceptance angle for the Bragg condition of this device is as large as a few tens of mrad. The potential bandwidth of this device exceeds 500 nm if the proper operation region is chosen.

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37

Sanchez-Cuevas, Pedro, Pablo Ramon-Soria, Begoña Arrue, Anibal Ollero, and Guillermo Heredia. "Robotic System for Inspection by Contact of Bridge Beams Using UAVs." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020305.

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This paper presents a robotic system using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for bridge-inspection tasks that require physical contact between the aerial platform and the bridge surfaces, such as beam-deflection analysis or measuring crack depth with an ultrasonic sensor. The proposed system takes advantage of the aerodynamic ceiling effect that arises when the multirotor gets close to the bridge surface. Moreover, this paper describes how a UAV can be used as a sensor that is able to fly and touch the bridge to take measurements during an inspection by contact. A practical application of the system involving the measurement of a bridge’s beam deflection using a laser tracking station is also presented. In order to validate our system, experiments on two different bridges involving the measurement of the deflection of their beams are shown.

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38

Comley, Andrew James. "Laser beam zooming and deflection using a nonlinear metamaterial refracting medium." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 5 (2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2018003.

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In-process control of the focal spot size and pointing position of a laser as it interacts with a target (beam zooming and deflection) offers the possibility of unprecedented efficiency improvements in a number of applications, such as inertial confinement fusion and laser micromachining. Here is described a system in which the focussing characteristics of a laser beam at one wavelength can be controlled by a lower-intensity beam at another wavelength, via their mutual interaction with a nonlinear metamaterial refracting medium. Such a metamaterial approach permits the optical response of the medium to be tailored according to the wavelengths of interest and time response required in a given application. A metamolecule unit cell design is described in terms of an equivalent circuit based on a pair of LCR (inductance, capacitance, resistance) circuits coupled by a common nonlinear capacitor. The circuit is studied using an analytical approach to obtain an understanding of its properties and design relationships between circuit parameters. Potential realisations of the circuit are discussed.

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39

Elperin, T., and G. Rudin. "Photothermal Reliability Testing of a Multilayer Coating—Substrate Assembly: A Theoretical Approach." Journal of Electronic Packaging 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792290.

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The paper presents the theoretical principles underlying the method for photothermal reliability testing of a multilayer coating-substrate assembly. In this method, the assembly is irradiated by the pump laser beam which causes heating and formation of thermal stresses in an assembly. The irradiated surface is monitored by a weak probe beam of another laser to detect the buckling of the coating. The two-dimensional distributions of temperature and thermal stresses in an assembly heated by the pump laser beam are obtained from the solution of the thermal elasticity problem. The developed mathematical procedure is based on the expansion of the Laplace and Hankel transforms of temperature and displacement distributions in series of a small parameter, which is of the order of the ratio of a coating thickness to a pump beam radius. The explicit expressions for the stress tensor components in the layers of a coating and the probe beam deflection angle are derived. Calculations show that the dependence of the deflection angle on a Fourier number is nonmonotone and attains a maximum at some value of the Fourier number. The latter property of the dependence of the deflection angle on the Fourier number can be used for detecting subsurface structural defects in an assembly.

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40

Xinbao, Zhang, Zhao Bin, and Li Zhu. "Study of the tolerance of the non-diffracting beam to laser beam deflection." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 4, no. 1 (December 4, 2001): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/4/1/314.

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41

Lin Zhang, Jean-Pierre Petit, and Jean Taine. "Measurements of temperature profiles in gases by laser beam deflection." Revue de Physique Appliquée 24, no. 3 (1989): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:01989002403040100.

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42

Swapna, Mohanachandran Nair S., Madhu J. Anitha, and Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman. "Study of drug diffusion rate by laser beam deflection technique." Journal of Biomedical Optics 22, no. 6 (June 7, 2017): 068001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.068001.

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43

Pawliszyn, Janusz, Michael F. Weber, M. J. Dignam, R. D. Venter, and Su Moon Park. "Observation of concentration gradients by the laser beam deflection sensor." Analytical Chemistry 58, no. 1 (January 1986): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00292a058.

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44

Lawton, S. A. "Temperature measurements in sooting flames by optoacoustic laser-beam deflection." Applied Optics 25, no. 8 (April 15, 1986): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.001262.

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45

López-Ramı́rez, Juan Manuel, Daniel Malacara-Doblado, and Daniel Malacara-Hernández. "Angle determination based on the deflection of a laser beam." Review of Scientific Instruments 71, no. 8 (August 2000): 3226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304861.

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46

Garcia-Cadena, Carlos. "Optical device for thermal effusivity estimation of liquids." Revista Mexicana de Física 64, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.64.101.

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We determined the thermal effusivity of liquids using an optical sensor based on the laser beam deflection technique, without directly heat the samples and thus minimally altering them. Applying a heat pulse in a thermo-optical slab we generate a unidimensional temperature distribution. This temperature distribution modifies the refractive index in the slab that finally causes the deflection of a laser beam that propagates perpendicularly to the direction of the heat propagation. The deflection of the laser beam depends on the interaction of the thermal energy with the sample at the slab interface. The exchange of thermal energy between the thermo-optical slab and the sample depends, on the thermal properties of both of them, being the thermal effusivity of our particular interest. Utilizing a theoretical model, we estimate the thermal effusivity of liquids using tridistilled-water and glycerine as reference.We present a simplified version of a past sensor proposal as well as the theoretical analysis of the sensor response. We obtain the thermal effusivity of tridistilled water and glycerine samples with a maximum error of 3%. Finally, we estimate the thermal effusivity of dissolutions of NaCl in tridistilled-water with maximum error of 7.3%.

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47

Koguchi, Hideo, Chie Sasaki, and Kazuto Nishida. "Thermo-Viscoelastic Analysis of Deflection in CSP Electronic Device Packages." Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1602705.

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In the present paper, a deformation induced in a new bonding technology of chip-scale package (CSP) using resin encapsulation sheets is examined numerically and experimentally. Deflections after cooling from a bonding temperature are measured experimentally for various kinds of substrate and the thickness of an integrated circuit using a laser beam. In particular, a simple theory on the basis of a multilayered plate theory considering a viscoelastic property in the substrate is presented, and the thermo-viscoelastic analysis for the deflection of CSP is performed. Furthermore, the thermo-elastoplastic finite element method analysis is performed under the same temperature history. We could show that the simple formula for multilayered plates based on the thermo-viscoelatic theory can estimate fairly well the deflection of CSP in experiment.

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48

Wang, Peiyang, Jialin Ai, Wenbin Yan, and Yudian An. "Generation Method Of Laser Beam Riding Guidance Information Field Based On Optical Phased Array." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 04045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823204045.

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Laser beam riding guidance was a new concept of guidance technology put forward in 1970s. It is widely used in various laser guided weapon systems. The technology of generating information field in the laser beam riding guidance system is the key of the system. However, the traditional laser beam riding guidance technology needs complex mechanical devices for the generation of guidance information field, optical zoom control and so on. There are many problems, such as the complex structure and it is difficult to guarantee the precision. In this paper, Optical Phased Array (OPA) is used to explore a new method of generating laser beam riding information field, which can realize the non-inertia and rapid deflection control of the beam.

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49

Huie, Carmen W., and Edward S. Yeung. "Spatial Mapping of Transient Atomic Concentrations Using Acousto-Optic Deflection." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 6 (August 1986): 863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508278.

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We report a new imaging system for obtaining spatially and temporally resolved atomic absorption profiles for transient events. This is based on an aconsto-optic beam deflector that scans the probe laser beam in one dimension repeatedly across the spatial region of interest. Scan rates of 10 µs durations essentially freeze the absorbing species in time to allow a spatial resolution of 0.06 cm over a 1.2 cm length. With the use of 2K of buffer memory and a digitization interval of 200 ns (12 bits), the time evolution can be followed up to a total of 400 µs. The capabilities are demonstrated in the study of atom formation in a laser-generated plume from a sodium tungstate surface.

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Dat, Le Tri, Ho Thanh Huy, and Nguyen Duy Vy. "A Theoretical Study of Deflection of AFM Bimaterial Cantilevers Versus Irradiated Position." Communications in Physics 28, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/28/3/12673.

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The bimaterial cantilevers of atomic force microscopes have been widely used in chemical and bio-sensing. Due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the two layers, the cantilever is deflected and its deflections is dependent on the heat absorption from the ambient environment or the objects adsorbed on the cantilever surface. In this study, we theoretically examine the deflection of this cantilever considering different irradiated configurations of a laser beam and thicknesses of the coating layer. We show that the temperature difference between the end and the clamped position is maximized for an irradiation at the cantilever end and this difference reduces with increasing coating thickness. Especially, the maximal deflection is seen for an irradiation in the middle of the cantilever, around 0.6 of the cantilever length from the clamped position. The obtained results could help determining an irradiated configuration of laser and the coating thickness to optimize the sensitivity of the cantilevers in thermally sensing devices.

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