Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laser contrast'
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Sun, Shen. "Laser Doppler imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow measurement." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604304.
Full textSong, Lipei. "Endoscopic laser speckle contrast analysis for tissue perfusion." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10923.
Full textFlacco, Alessandro. "Experimental study of proton acceleration with ultra-high intensity, high contrast laser beam." École polytechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0071.
Full textThe production of energetic proton/ion beams with laser pulses at relativistic intensities (I>10^{18}W/cm^2) has received, in the past few years, increasing interest from the scientific community in plasma, optics and accelerator physics. A fraction of electrons is heated to high temperature during the ultrafast interaction between a femtosecond laser pulse and an overdense plasma. Ions and protons are extracted and accelerated by the charge separation set up during the expansion of the plasma. The results presented in this manuscript report on the realization of ion acceleration experiments using a high contrast (XPW) multi-terawatt laser system. Two preparatory experiments are set up, aiming to study the pedestal of a laser pulse interacting with the target. The expansion of a plasma created by a laser at moderate intensity is measured by interferometry; the evolution of the density gradient length is deduced from the electron density maps at different moments. The variation of the absolute reflectivity of a thin aluminium foil is correlated to the electron temperature and is used to monitor the arrival time of the laser produced shock. The crossing between the two experiments is finally used to define the optimum condition for proton acceleration. Proton acceleration experiments with high contrast laser are reported, including the construction and the validation of a real-time, single shot ion spectrometer (Micro-channel Plate and Thomson Parabola), and other details of the realised setup. The obtained results show that the increased contrast enables the use of thinner targets and the production of more stable and controllable interaction conditions. Proton beams with kinetic energy higher than 4 MeV are produced, with a shot-to-shot stability better than 4% rms. Proton acceleration experiment with two laser beams confirms that the laser energy absorption is enhanced when the target is pre-heated by a laser pulse with proper parameters
Apeland, Knut Øyvind. "Reduction of speckle contrast in HDTV laser projection display." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8943.
Full textAbstract In this thesis the focus has been on laser speckle. It is done in collaboration with poLight. They are developing a projector, where laser light is the source of illumination. In such projectors, laser speckle degrades the image quality. The aim of this project is to construct a speckle reduction device to be used in the laser projector. The theory covers a description of laser speckle, how to reduce the speckle contrast, and five methods to so. We explain why speckle arises and which parameters we can manipulate to reduce the speckle contrast. The five speckle reduction methods included in this thesis are; vibrating diffuser, slowly moving diffuser, Hadamard matrices, scattering tube, and vibrating mirror. Large vibrational motions are unwanted, considering the size of the device, generation of noise, and problems with alignment of the optical components in the projector that this would lead to. The quality of the laser beam is prominent in order to produce a sharp image, thus the use of diffusers with large scattering angles is not a good solution. The scattering tubes, designed by poLight, are tubes filled with micro pearls in a polymer gel. The size of the pearls decides the nature of the scattering. Larger pearls will give less back scattering and more light transmitted in the forward direction. If the tubes are rotated in a well balanced device we can avoid generating vibrations. The Hadamard matrices is the only one of the five methods which is not based on a motion. The challenge is to find a SLM to implement the matrices. It requires a low response time in order to present enough matrices during the exposure time of the eye. The laboratory setup we use to measure the speckle contrast is an improved version of the setup constructed in the specialisation project. A screen was removed from the old setup, and the speckle is now imaged directly from the speckle reduction device. The measured speckle reduction is thus due to the device alone, and not affected by the screen. The results were reproducible and in agreement with what we expected. We implemented a vibrating diffuser, both the single and the slowly moving. A piece cut from a plastic bag and some Scotch Magic tape were used as diffusers. The tape is the strongest diffuser and gives the lowest speckle contrast, however, it also has the largest scattering angle. The single tape diffuser reduced the speckle contrast to $C = 0.112$. With two tape difusers in series the intensity in the images becomes too low to exploit the dynamic range of the CCD sensor. The result is a higher calcualted speckle contrast with two diffusers, $C=0.131$, even though it ought to be smaller. We tested five prototypes of the scattering tube with different concentrations. The tube with the highest concentration has the highest speckle reduction abilities. It also has the strongest scattering effect. The scattering is less than with the tape diffuser, and so is the speckle reduction. The speckle contrast is reduced to $C=0.320$ when the tube is rotated, and to $C=0.389$ when it is vibrated. The tubes was also tested in series with a ground glass. The ground glass acted as a second diffuser. In this setting, vibration and rotation of the tubes reduced the speckle contrast equally, $C approx 0.283$ From the measured speckle contrast of the diffusers and tubes in stationary conditions, a polarization analysis should show a depolarization of the laser beam. This were the case only for the plastic diffuser. It is assumed that the error lays with the polarization analysis. There should be a depolarization in the tape and a partial depolarization in the tubes. A calculation of the speckle size was performed as well. Based on the theory we expected the size of the speckle grains to be $sigma_s = 37.77~mu m$. From the Fourier analysis of a speckle image from the setup we calculated the speckle size to be $sigma_s = 5.35$~mm, which is approximately 140 times bigger. The expected speckle size is too small, because we did not take into account a small magnification in the setup. The Fourier analysis of discrete and limited sets of data points is probably the main explanation of the difference, but a more thorough study is needed.
Young, Anthony M. "Investigation of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging's Sensitivity to Flow." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami153256524246362.
Full textLi, Sinan. "Laser speckle contrast detection of acoustic radiation force response." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34931.
Full textFloquet, Vincent. "Génération d’ions rapides par impulsions laser ultra intenses et ultra courtes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112269/document.
Full textAccelerating ions/protons can be done using short laser pulse (few femtoseconds) focused on few micrometers area on solid target (carbon, aluminum, plastic...). The electromagnetic field intensity reached on target (1019 W.cm-2) allows us to turn the solid into a hot dense plasma. The dynamic motion of the electrons is responsible for the creation of intense static electric field at the plasma boundaries. These electric fields accelerate organic pollutants (including protons) located at the boundaries. This acceleration mechanism known as the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) has been the topic of the research presented in this thesis.The goal of this work has been to study the acceleration mechanism and to increase the maximal ion energy achievable. Indeed, societal application such as proton therapy requires proton energy up to few hundreds of MeV. To proceed, we have studied different target configurations allowing us to increase the laser plasma coupling and to transfer as much energy as possible to ions (target with microspheres deposit, foam target, grating). Different experiments have also dealt with generating a pre-plasma on the target surface thanks to a pre-pulse. On the application side, fluorescent material such as CdWO4 has been studied under high flux rate of protons. These high flux rates have been, up to now, beyond the conventional accelerators capabilities
Lifjeld, Anders. "Reduction of speckle contrast in laser based HDTV projection displays." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9636.
Full textIn this assignment the theoretical background for the nature of speckle is presented and practical work was done to reduce the speckle effect in a display system based on a laser source. This was done without any picture modulators, or any kind of line scan or flying spot scanning. Work was done to find the right setup to be able to as easy as possible characterize the statistics of the speckle in an image. A still image of an expanded laser spot worked as an image. A series of test sets were carried out to address the different factors which could make a difference on the speckle contrast and their role in such systems.
Stuart, Nicholas. "Generation of high-contrast, terawatt to petawatt OPCPA laser pulses." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51098.
Full textArnesson, Fredrik. "How to run a semiconductor diode laser in a stable way." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56794.
Full textKhodakovskiy, Nikita [Verfasser]. "Methods of ultra-fast laser contrast diagnostics and optimization / Nikita Khodakovskiy." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120492693X/34.
Full textFlacco, A. "Experimental Study of Proton Acceleration with Ultra-High Intensity, High Contrast Laser Beam." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005616.
Full textKemp, Gregory Elijah. "Specular Reflectivity and Hot-Electron Generation in High-Contrast Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1375386740.
Full textSharba, Ahmed Baqer Ridha. "Techniques for temporal contrast enhancement and phase characterisation of ultra-short laser pulses." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/techniques-for-temporal-contrast-enhancement-and-phase-characterisation-of-ultrashort-laser-pulses(42a4a5ca-46d2-4e9c-b7fa-059efe1d7158).html.
Full textDelmas, Olivier. "Étude de la mise en forme temporelle d’impulsions laser de haute puissance pour l’excitation des sources laser X-UV sur la plateforme LASERIX." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS277/document.
Full textThe thesis fits within the framework ofsoft x-ray lasers (SXRL) development and has formain objective to study the influence of the temporal shaping of ultra-intense laser pulses, on the efficiency of SXRL generation. My thesiswork consisted in studying, designing and calibrating new pumping schemes through various devices based on the prepulse generation and/or an amount of ASE within the laser driver.In this manuscript, I study their influence on the SXRL generation efficiency by highlighting the optimization parameters such as the delay and the energy ratio between pulses, or the duration of each of them. The experimental study highlights first of all the influence of a prepulse on the SXRL generation efficiency. In the same framework, a device was experimented, allowing to generate within a single laser beam two mainpulses preceded by a prepulse, while maintaining a control over their spectro-temporalcharacteristics.An alternative approach was experimented in which an additional low cost « Q-Switch » lase rwas used to produce a under dense plasma presenting smooth electronic density gradients.This last device has showed excellent performances on a wide wavelength range andhas been used to perfom an experiment of highorder harmonic seeding generated from an Argongas cell on the secondary LASERIX beamline. A noteworthy improvement of the spatial characteristics and the temporal coherence of theSXRL have been observed
Rassuchine, Jennifer Melissa. "Enhanced hot electron confinement and isochoric heating in high contrast ultra-intense laser produced plasmas via novel conical micro-target design." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3289454.
Full textBecker, Georg [Verfasser], Malte Christoph [Gutachter] Kaluza, Paul [Gutachter] Neumayer, and Matthias [Gutachter] Schnürer. "Characterization of laser-driven proton acceleration with contrast-enhanced laser pulses / Georg Becker ; Gutachter: Malte Christoph Kaluza, Paul Neumayer, Matthias Schnürer." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123917750X/34.
Full textJohansson, Louise. "Analysis of cartilage surfaces using laser speckle imaging." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5830.
Full textAn arthroscope is a diagnostic instrument for visualisation of the interior of a joint. By adding a laser to an arthroscope and feeding the images to a computer, one gets an method to measure the structure of the cartilage covering the joint. This gives an added diagnostic value. The laser will create laser speckles and this report covers the basic theories behind this. The anatomy of the joints, the properties of cartilage and the background on the disease arthritis are also covered, as well as the field of surface topography and image processing.
Experiments were performed on three different materials - metals of different definite surface roughness, polymerised collagen and bovine articular cartilage.
The conclusion is that the technique would work, providing that some obstacles could be overcome. The technique itself is very precise and detects nanometric differences in the surface structure, making it extremely interesting for research purposes, such as follow-ups on treatments and studies of arthritis and cartilage repair.
Adamonis, Jonas. "High power Nd:YAG laser for pumping of OPCPA systems." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130925_093516-33211.
Full textDisertacija yra skirta sukurti, ištirti ir optimizuoti didelės galios Nd: YAG lazerių sistemą efektyviam moduliuotos fazės signalų optinių parametrinių stiprintuvų kaupinimui. Ypatingas dėmesys yra skiriamas Nd:YAG stiprintuvų išvadinių impulsų laikinių parametrų formavimui. Pademonstravome, kad Fabry-Pero interferometrų panaudojimas Nd:YAG dvipakopio regeneracinio stiprintuvo rezonatoriuose leidžia stiprinamų impulsų trukmę padidinti nuo ~ 60 fs iki 100 ps. Tuo tarpu išvadinių impulsų laikinės plėtros mastas bei gaubtinės moduliacijos gylis gali būti valdomas keičiant etalonų atspindžio koeficientą, o jų gaubtinės moduliacijos vertė mažiausia, kai etalonų storio santykis artimas 2. Sustiprintų impulsų kontrasto gerinimui pirmą kartą pritaikėme netiesinį antros eilės filtrą, veikiantį fundamentinės spinduliuotės poliarizacijos sukimo, išderintame antros harmonikos generatoriuje, efekto pagrindu. Tokiu būdu Nd:YAG stiprintuvuose sustiprintų impulsų kontrasto vertė pagerinta apie 102 kartų. Taip pat pademonstruota, kad Nd: YAG stiprinimo sistemos išėjime naudojant pakopinius antros harmonikos generacijos procesus, Gauso formos impulsus galima transformuoti į hipergauso impulsus. Sukurta didelės išvadinės energijos pikosekundinė Nd:YAG stiprintuvų sistema yra optiškai sinchronizuota su užduodančio femtosekundinio Yb:KGW osciliatoriaus impulsais ir turi ~ 300 mJ , 75 ps trukmės Gauso impulsų bei 100 mJ, > 100 ps trukmės hipergauso laikinės formos impulsų išvadus.
Khalil, Adil. "Processing of laser speckle contrast images : study of mathematical models and use of nonlinear analyses to investigate the impact of aging on microvascular blood flow." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0006/document.
Full textAging is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is associated with functional and structural alterations in the vascular system. Therefore, a deep study of the aging process and the development of imaging systems and associated processing become of the utmost importance. By processing laser speckle contrast images (LSCI), this PhD work aims at studying the influence of age on microcirculation. In our work, LSCI data were acquired from the skin forearm of healthy subjects, subdivided into two age groups (younger and older). From mathematical models, we determined red blood cells velocity in microcirculation in the two groups of subjects. Moreover, we applied multiscale entropy-based algorithms to LSCI time series in order to study the complexity of microvascular signals. Our main findings are: 1) the older group has significantly higher velocity values than the younger group at post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia; 2) LSCI fluctuations in the younger group have significantly higher complexity than those of the older group. Age-related changes in skin microcirculation can be attributed to alterations in the vascular system as a whole. Understanding these changes in the microcirculatory system may give new insights for prevention and treatment of age-related diseases
Khmaladze, Alexander. "Three-dimensional microscopy by laser scanning and multi-wavelength digital holography." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002638.
Full textJúnior, Jackson Barreto. "Estudo comparativo entre a ceratectomia fotorrefrativa e a ceratomileusis in situ a laser guiadas pela análise de frente de onda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5149/tde-31082010-174113/.
Full textPURPOSE: To compare clinical results of two wavefront-guided treatments, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), for low to moderate myopia correction, with or without astigmatism. SETTING: Refractive Surgery Service, General Hospital, University Of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Prospective randomized study of 70 eyes (35 patients) submitted to custom LASIK and custom PRK (contralateral eye) for myopia up to 5D and astigmatism up to 1,5D. Uncorrected visual acuity (AVNC), best-corrected visual acuity (MAVC), refractive results, wavefront analysis, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity, low contrast visual acuity (AVBC), retinal image quality (Modulation Transfer Function and Strehl ratio) and intraocular straylight (EIL) were performed preoperatively and at one, three, six and twelve months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (EE) was -2,57 ± 0,95D in the LASIK group and -2,52 ± 0,90D in the PRK group (p = 0,722). At twelve months postoperatively (PO), the mean EE was -0,06 ± 0,33D and -0,12 ± 0,41D, respectively (p = 0,438). In the LASIK group, 60,0% had AVNC 20/16 and 96,7% 20/20, and in the PRK group, 66,6% e 96,7%, respectively (p = 0,667). The mean pre-treatment total high-order aberrations (HOAs) was 0,37 ± 0,09 m in the LASIK group and 0,36 ± 0,11m in the PRK group (p = 0,752). At twelve months PO, the mean total HOAs was 0,46 ± 0,21m in the LASIK group and 0,42 ± 0,14 m in the PRK group (p = 0,438). No significant difference in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity between groups was noted, apart from the 1,5 cpg frequency of the mesopic test, favoring PRK, at the 12th month PO. Similar results were found for retinal image quality metrics during the follow-up. No significant increase of the intraocular straylight was found for both techniques, four eyes presented transitory elevations. CONCLUSION: In the conditions of this study, both techniques had excellent refractive results and similar visual function. In spite of the wavefront-guided treatments, HOAs were induced similarly after LASIK and PRK
Giesecke, Anna Lena [Verfasser], Oswald [Akademischer Betreuer] Willi, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Pukhov. "Propagation Dynamics and High Harmonic Generation Using High Contrast Ultrashort Laser Pulses / Anna Lena Giesecke. Gutachter: Oswald Willi ; Alexander Pukhov." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034641891/34.
Full textGaillard-Bigot, Florence. "Approches physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques de la fonction microvasculaire dans la Sclérodermie systémique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS032/document.
Full textCutaneous microcirculation has been proposed as a model to study the global microvascular dysfunction occurring in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it is specifically impaired in systemic sclerosis (SSc), which is a rare and particularly invalidating auto-immune disease, characterized by a cutaneous and visceral fibrosis, associated with a diffuse microvascular impairment and auto-antibodies targeting some cellular antigens. The study of cutaneous microvascular function provides a real interest despite the lack of available standardized techniques, particularly to explore endothelial microvascular function.In the first part of this work, we aimed to study the physiology of cutaneous microcirculation in healthy volunteers, using the more recent methods in this field, adapted to functional study of microcirculation (vascular reactivity tests coupled with cutaneous blood flow recording by laser speckle contrast imaging). The second part of our work aimed to study the pathology of cutaneous microcirculation in SSc volunteers, by using the same functional exploration methods. The last part of this work has been dedicated to a new pharmacologic and therapeutic approach for the management of peripheral cutaneous vascular manifestations in patients, using innovating technics as cutaneous iontophoresis. We studied the vasodilator effect of treprostinil, a prostacycline analogue, on cutaneous blood flow in several anatomic regions in healthy subject, SSc patient and diabetic patient, and also during a local cooling in SSc
Castagna, Marco. "An in vitro method for the error assessment of Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance lmaging based velocity measurements and calculation of derived Wall Shear Stress." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1012.
Full textAtherosclerosis accounts for about 21% of deaths worldwide. It develops primarily in specific locations of the cardiovascular system where the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) can deviate more easily from its baseline values. Potential clinical applications of WSS as a biomarker rely on an accurate assessment of blood velocity in patients since it is defined from the derivative of blood velocity at the arterial wall. The present work aims to design and develop a hydraulic test rig to validate Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PC MRI) velocity acquisitions and the computation of derived WSS. To do that, reference velocity profiles were obtained with Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and employed as a standard for direct comparison with PC MRI results. The experimental set-up was composed of an MRI compatible pump, flexible connection pipes, a test section, a reservoir, a working fluid, and a flowmeter. One standard 2D PC MRI and one standard 4D Flow MRI sequences were employed to obtain MRI velocity profiles, adjusting their parameters as in clinical practice. The WSS was calculated with the 2D and 3D methods proposed respectively by Stalder et al. and Potter et al. A second experimental campaign was performed with the refinement of the data spatial and temporal resolution, employing only the 4D Flow MRI sequence. Results indicated an excellent agreement between MRI and LDV velocity and WSS data. This study represents a reliable basis for any validation with LDV of 4D Flow MRI based methods for WSS calculation
Gaillard, Sandrine Anne. "Increased proton energies above the ~ 60 MeV empirical barrier from high-contrast high-intensity short-pulse laser-interactions with micro-cone targets /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:.
Full textSchleede, Simone [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeiffer, and Ronald D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruth. "X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging at a Compact Laser-Driven Synchrotron Source / Simone Schleede. Gutachter: Ronald D. Ruth ; Franz Pfeiffer. Betreuer: Franz Pfeiffer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1063090636/34.
Full textHollnagel, Dorothea Ilse. "Hemodynamics in cerebral arteries and aneurysms : comparative velocity investigations with 3D phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography, laser doppler velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17658.
Full textAzamoum, Yasmina. "Etude du rayonnement X, Kalpha du molybdène issu de l'intéraction laser solide à fort contraste temporel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4056/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the optimization of a Kalpha x-ray source induced by high contrast femtosecond laser molybdenum thick target interaction. The objective of this work is to explore the effect of the temporal contrast ratio on Kalpha emission in an intensity range including the non relativistic and relativistic regimes. The first study consists of the measurement of Kalpha emission as a function of contrast ratio and intensity. The study shows different behaviors of the emission depending on the contrast ratio and intensity range. Furthermore, it was found that in the relativistic regime Kalpha production is independant of the contrast ratio. According to published work in litterature, we proposed a first intepretation of the obtained results. In particular, we discuss the absorption mechanism of laser pulse energy for each contrast ratio and intensity condition. Some of the mechanisms are dependant on the angle of incidence of the pulse on target. Thus, to verify the validity of our interpretation, we study the Kalpha effciency as a function of the angle of incidence. Most of the results agree with our first conclusions. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of the chirped pulse of the Kalpha emission. It is shown that Kalpha emission is sensitive to the sign of the chirp. Finally, we performed a study on the effect of contrast ratio and intensity on the x-ray source size. It was observed that high contrast ratio decreases strongly the x-ray source size which aproaches the focal spot size at low laser intensity. High Kalpha efficiency is reached 2 × 10^−4 which is similar to the highest effciency reported to date in litterature for a thick molybdenum target
Weiss, Jiří. "Diagnostika impulzů Ti:Sa laseru pro generaci plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231778.
Full textManagh, Amy J. "Single-cell tracking of therapeutic cells using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16723.
Full textSoubeyrand, Marc. "Etude de la perfusion médullaire après lésion traumatique de la moelle épinière à dure-mère intacte." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114837.
Full textAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), ischaemia aggravates lesions.Increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure can worsens ischaemia through a tamponnade effect.In humans, it has been shown that after SCI with intact dura mater, CSF pressure significantlyincreases. Therefore, preserving CSF pressure within a physiological range may limit post-traumaischaemia and improve neurological outcome. In order to experimentally study these phenomenon,we have dedicated the first part of that work to create a model of SCI in rats preserving dura’sintegrity and allowing simultaneous measurement of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and CSFpressure. We have confirmed that CSF pressure increases after SCI with intact dura. In the secondexperimental part, we have developed a technique allowing to perform spatial and temporalmeasurement of SCBF thanks to contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEU). Moreover, thistechnique allows real-time measurement of the size of the parenchymal hemorrhage. In the thirdexperimental part, we have used our experimental model in association with CEU and LaserDoppler to assess the effects of early injection of norepinephrine on SCBF and parenchymalhemorrhage. We found that norepinephrine induces a slight increase in superficial SCBF while itdoesn’t modify deep SCBF and significantly increases the size of parenchymal hemorrhage
Kabeya, David. "Montée en brillance des réseaux de lasers à fibre : Nouvelle approche par diagnostic à contraste de phase dans une boucle d’optimisation." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0116/document.
Full textCoherent laser beam combining techniques rapidly appeared highly promising in the field of ultra-high power laser sources. Indeed, the combined intensity around the propagation axis follows a quadratic law with the number of combined emitters. The first part of my work has been focused on passive phasing techniques, based on self-organization properties of coupled lasers. We have shown, both numerically and experimentally, that the intracavity filtering function due to the interferometric nature of the set-up, is an intrinsic reason for combining efficiency decrease far above laser threshold. The decrease goes steeper when the number of combined laser increases, making that kind of system inappropriate for coherently combining a large number of lasers delivering high power. The second part of my work consisted in studying an innovative active phasing method that associates a phase-contrast like filter with an optimization algorithm reducing phase errors between emitters. Both simulations and experiments showed the weak sensitivity of this method to the number of combined emitters. We demonstrated the phasing of 7 to 37 fiber lasers, delivering up to 5W each. To the best of our knowledge, this last result is the highest number of fiber lasers combined with an active phasing method. The combining efficiency has been estimated around 94%, corresponding to a residual phase error of λ/25. The weak number of algorithm iterations needed to reach the in-phase regime offered a bandwidth of approximately 1kHz
Lévy, Anna. "Accélération d'ions par interaction laser-matière en régime de ultra haut contraste laser." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337151.
Full textHoštáková, Nina. "Detekce průtoku pomocí optických interferenčních metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221336.
Full textChevallier, Christ-Yves. "Conception de miroirs à réseau sub-longueur d'onde pour application VCSEL dans le moyen infrarouge." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024257.
Full textJullien, Aurélie. "Génération d'impulsions laser ultra brèves et ultra intenses à contraste temporel élevé." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0013.
Full textKersauson, Malo de. "Vers un laser germanium dopé N et contraint en tension." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112107/document.
Full textIn this PhD work, we studied different approaches that should lead to a germanium laser. We have experimentally shown the influence of strain and doping on the germanium band structure, and the adequacy of the existing models. We explored the possibilities offered by heteroepitaxy on III-V compounds to apply stress. We investigated the resulting strain by cross-checking X-rays, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements, and analysed the quality of the grown layers depending on strain and thickness. A new method to apply strain to the germanium, by means of plasma deposited stressed nitride layers, was introduced and studied. Lasing has been pursued by conceiving ridges and microdisks strained by this method. An optimization of the geometry was performed through finite element modeling and the production of test structures. This optimization allowed to achieve a maximum biaxial strain of 1.1%. For uniaxial strains, we observed a maximum of 1.07% and showed experimentally the importance of the crystalline orientation in the enhancement of the emission. We demonstrated a modal gain value of 80 cm⁻¹ in ridges uniaxially strained at 0.8%
Santos, Susana Daniela Semedo. "O papel do laser pulsado de contraste no tratamento de cicatrizes: uma revisão sistemática." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3470.
Full textObjetivo: Esclarecer sobre a eficácia da aplicação do laser pulsado de contraste, no tratamento conservador das cicatrizes quelóides e hipertróficas, considerando as melhores evidências científicas disponíveis correntemente. Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, B-On e PEDro para identificar estudos controlados e randomizados, que avaliassem os efeitos do Laser Pulsado de Contraste em diferentes tipos de cicatrizes. Resultados: Na presente revisão bibliográfica, foram incluídos 4 estudos randomizados controlados e 2 estudos não-randomizados controlados, com um total de 123 indivíduos. A aplicação do laser pulsado de contraste mostrou-se mais eficaz nos aspectos eritema, altura, prurido e aparência cosmética, sendo os mais referidos nos estudos incluídos nesta revisão. Quando comparados os vários parâmetros do laser, há uma maior tendência para menores intensidades e para comprimentos de onda na ordem dos 585nm. Conclusão: O laser pulsado de contraste parece ser eficaz no tratamento das cicatrizes hipertróficas e quelóides, mas apresenta as suas limitações. No entanto a revisão da literatura, reflete uma maior necessidade de estudos na área da laser-terapia, para se ponderar o uso terapias invasivas, como a cirurgia, com efeitos secundários e reincidência superiores. Objective: Clarify the effectiviness of the use of pulsed dye laser, at the conservative treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars, considering the best scientific evidences available on now-a-days. Methodology: Research on computerized databases, such as, PubMed/Medline, B-On and PEDro, to identify controlled and randomized studies, which evaluate the effects of Pulsed Dye Laser in different types of scars. Results: In this review, were included 4 randomized controlled studies, and 2 non-randomized controlled studies, with a total of 123 patients. The application of pulsed dye laser was more effective in aspects like erythema, height, pruritis and cosmetic appearance, being the most reported in the studies included in this review. When comparing the various parameters of the laser, there is a greater tendency to lower intensities and wavelengths, around 585 nm. Conclusion: Pulsed dye laser seems to be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, but has its limitations. However, the literature review reflects a greater need for studies in this field, to consider the use of invasive therapies such as surgery, with higher recurrence and side effects.
Doumy, Gilles. "Interaction laser matière à haut flux et fort contraste temporel." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012038.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous avons tout d'abord caractérisé, expérimentalement et théoriquement, un dispositif améliorant le contraste temporel de l'impulsion : le Miroir Plasma. Celui-ci consiste à focaliser l'impulsion sur une cible diélectrique de sorte que le piédestal est transmis, alors que l'impulsion principale est réfléchie par le plasma surcritique formé à la surface. Son installation sur le laser UHI 10 (CEA Saclay –10 TW– 60 fs) nous a alors permis d'étudier l'interaction d'impulsions ultra-intenses à fort contraste temporel avec des cibles solides.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons réussi à générer des plasmas denses résultant de l'interaction directe de l'impulsion principale avec des cibles minces (100 nm). Leur caractérisation a été réalisée au moyen d'une source XUV obtenue par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé dans un jet de gaz rare.
Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié expérimentalement le phénomène de génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé sur cible solide, encore mal compris, mais qui potentiellement fournira une nouvelle source XUV ultra-courte et intense.
Prost, Mathias. "Injection électrique pour un laser en germanium contraint." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112027/document.
Full textTensile strained and n-doped germanium can be used as an active material for the realization of an optical source for silicon photonics. I have investigated electroluminescence of device as a function of tensile strain and n-doping. For that, I have performed modeling of the carrier transport through double heterostructures to obtain population inversion in the germanium layer. An operating point that reduces by two orders of magnitude the population inversion current threshold has been evidenced. For a germanium layer doped at 4×〖10〗^19 cm-3 with a 0.9% biaxial strain, the current density threshold could be reduced below the 10 kA/cm2 range. The germanium interface properties are critical. To experimentally investigate electroluminescence in germanium, I had to establish different methods of carrier injection to offer an alternative to the double heterostructure p-GaAs/n-Ge/n-GaAs. We first propose to use a Schottky heterostructure to inject carriers in n-doped germanium. We show that carrier injection and electroluminescence devices can be optimized by depositing a thin interfacial oxide layer on top of n-doped germanium. We have also developed an approach to form SiGe layers on germanium by epitaxial laser induced annealing in order to obtain a double heterostructure. I have developed several clean room processes to fabricate germanium cavities which can combine electrical injection and strain transfer, including waveguides and micropilars structures. We show that a biaxial tensile strain up to 0.72% can be transferred in micropilar cavities under electrical pumping. The evaluation of strain level was confronted to finite element simulations of mechanical deformation, taking into account the electrical carrier injection
Lingott, Jana. "Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme und Verteilung von gadoliniumbasierten Kontrastmitteln in biologischen Proben mittels Laserablation mit induktiv gekoppelter Plasma-Massenspektrometrie." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17412.
Full textGadolinium based contrast agents are used for magnetic resonance imaging. After their excretion by medicated patients they reach surface water passing waste water treat-ment plants where they are not removed sufficiently. The behavior of the contrast agents in the environment and the interaction with organisms was investigated in this work due to the toxicity of the free Gd3+ ion and the associated risks, such as accumulation in the human food chain. In this work, the two elemental analytical imaging methods laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXRF) have been used to investigate the uptake, distribution, and excretion of Gd-based contrast agents by various biological systems. Both methods were analytically characterized and compared for this application. The detection limits of gadolinium were determined under optimized conditions by LA-ICP-MS and SRXRF. With calibration by remains of dried elemental standard droplets detection limits of 0.78 pg absolute amount of gadolinium (LA-ICP-MS), respectively 89 pg (SRXRF) were reached. Based on filamentous algae as water plants the uptake and the excretion of Gd-based contrast agents were revealed. The dependence on concentration of the contrast agent in the exposition solution and the independence of temporal uptake within one to seven days were studied for duckweed. By LA-ICP-MS gadolinium was quantified in a leaf of cress plant. The verification of the results was performed by SRXRF and ICP-MS after digestion. Furthermore, the uptake and distribution of Gd-based contrast agents in higher organisms (water flea) were observed. The exact location of gadolinium was resolved by three-dimensional μ-computed tomography by the comparison of an exposed with a Gd-free water flea. In all studies, gadolinium was detected in the investigated exposed model organisms. It can be concluded that the contrast agents were taken from the environment.
Palavicini, Cham Carlos Alberto. "Analyse de composants photoniques par réfléctométrie à faible cohérence sensible à la phase." Paris, ENST, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENST0002.
Full textThe emergence of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and the inevitable increasing of bit rate have drastically augmented the complexity of optical transmission systems, imposing an evolution of photonic devices. Precise and reliable characterization techniques are therefore required to carry out an adequate analysis of these devices. Optical low-coherence reflectometry is a technique allowing for detection, localization and quantification of the parameters and performances of photonic devices. During this phd research, this technique has been applied to the analysis of several advanced photonic devices, such as fiber bragg gratings, specialty optical fibers and optical-injected semiconductor lasers. The results obtained position this technique as an accurate and reliable investigation tool permitting for assistance and support for the design and implementation of innovative photonic devices
Jullien, Aurélie. "Génération d'impulsions laser ultra-brèves et ultra-intenses à contraste temporel élevé." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00077486.
Full textLe travail présenté consiste en l'étude théorique et expérimentale d'un filtre temporel basé sur un effet non linéaire du troisième ordre, agissant sur la polarisation de l'impulsion. Nous avons étudié plusieurs déclinaisons de ce principe. Le dispositif finalement retenu repose sur la génération d'une onde polarisée orthogonalement (XPW) dans des matériaux cristallins dont la susceptibilité non linéaire d'ordre trois est anisotrope. Ce filtre non linéaire a été testé sur différents systèmes femtosecondes et permet l'amélioration du contraste sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur, comme le confirment les mesures de profils temporels sur une grande dynamique réalisées après filtrage. Nous avons également conçu un dispositif pour optimiser l'efficacité de conversion du processus non linéaire, c'est-à-dire la transmission du filtre. Cette méthode consiste à générer des interférences constructives entre les signaux XPW émis dans des cristaux distincts. Dans ces conditions, l'efficacité de transmission théorique (supérieure à 20%) est atteinte expérimentalement et dans le même temps la stabilité du système est assurée. Nous avons enfin démontré que le filtre préserve, voire améliore, les qualités spectrales et spatiales de l'impulsion.
Ces résultats sont donc particulièrement prometteurs et permettent d'envisager l'implémentation définitive du filtre dans les systèmes femtosecondes.
Clady, Raphaël. "Conception d'une chaîne laser terawatt hybride à fort contraste dans le bleu-vert." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22006.pdf.
Full textDe, Kersauson Malo. "Vers un laser germanium dopé N et contraint en tension." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864954.
Full textMargoto, Jean-Baptiste. "Développement de dispositifs de diagnostics ultra-haute dynamique mono-coup avec une grande excursion temporelle et caractérisation spatio-temporelle au foyer de lasers femtosecondes ultra intenses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX107.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out in the framework of the international development of high peak power ultrafast laser sources (TW to PW) that push forward the limits in terms of focused light intensity on target (>10^19 W/cm²). The chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) technique commonly used to amplify femtosecond laser pulses introduces spatio-temporal couplings (STC) in the event of imperfect alignment in the stretcher or compressor elements inside the amplification chain. These STC greatly reduce the peak power at focus. Controlling the temporal contrast of the pulse over several tens of picoseconds and with a high dynamic range is necessary in order to accurately know the laser-matter interaction conditions during experiments.Several techniques for spatio-temporal characterization of femtosecond pulses were studied during this thesis. The TERMITES technique showed its limits due to the experimental conditions inherent to TW and PW lasers (shot-to-shot and pointing fluctuations) and the maximum intrinsic dynamic range.The second technique is the extension of the Self-Referenced Spectral Interferometry with extended time excursion (SRSI-ETE) that aims at characterizing in single-shot both the spatio-temporal shape (in one transverse dimension) and the temporal contrast of the incident pulse. This technique is based on the spatio-temporal filtering by the cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation. Filtering is only effective for weak distortions and experimental measurements could not reconstruct the spatio-temporal shape of the pulse at the compressor output. However, the single-shot measurement of the temporal contrast of the pulse on ±37 ps and a dynamic range of 10^8 were validated by comparing results with a third order autocorrelator.The novel proposed technique, named CROISSANT, relies on the observation of the spatio-spectral intensity of the XPW pulse. Experimental results could characterize in a single laser shot the spatio-temporal shape of the pulse with high sensitivity. The method for identifying the specific STC and its correction method is given for both first- and second-order STC
De, Pellegrin Ana. "Os contrastes do ambiente urbano : espaço vazio e espaço de lazer." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274853.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como ponto de partida a problemática do espaço urbano, de um modo geral, procurando focalizar dois aspectos desse universo: o espaço vazio e o espaço de lazer. A partir disso, destacou-se a importância das relações de apropriação e uso desses espaços por parte da população, nas suas diferentes formas e processos. O trabalho teve por objetivo investigar: (l) a importância do espaço vazio no ambiente urbano, (2) a inserção do lazer no processo de ocupação do espaço urbano, (3) a tendência de saturação do espaço nos espaços e equipamentos de lazer, em sua construção e utilização, (4) o papel do poder público municipal com relação ao espaço de lazer e (5) as relações de grupos específicos no lazer com o espaço que ocupam, dando um destaque para os interesses fisico-esportivos, por estarem em íntima relação com a Educação Física. Em termos metodológicos, tratou-se de um estudo comparativo de casos, constituído de uma combinação de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e exploratória. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada junto ao Sistema de Bibliotecas da Unicamp, enquanto a pesquisa documental foi desenvolvida junto à Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas. A pesquisa exploratória se realizou em quatro bairros (pertencentes a diferentes zonas administrativas da cidade, a saber: norte, sul, leste e oeste), escolhidos de forma não probabilística, intencional e por critério de acessibilidade. A construção do trabalho se deu à luz do referencia! teórico proposto por Remi Lefebvre, tendo como finalidade obter uma visão ampla da cidade acerca de sua organização espacial para que fosse possível fornecer subsídios para uma política de adaptação, transformação e preservação do espaço urbano e, em especial, do espaço de lazer
Abstract: This research had as starting point the problem ofthe urban space, in a general way, seeking to focus two aspects inside that universe: empty space and leisure space. Starting from this scenario, we stood out the importance of appropriation and use relationships of those spaces by the population, in its different forms and processes. This work had as objective to investigate: (1) the importance of the empty space in the urban enviroment, (2) the insert of leisure in the occupation process of urban space, (3) the space saturation tendency in leisure spaces and equipments, in their construction and use, (4) the role of public administration towards the leisure space and (5) the relationships between specific groups in leisure and the spaces they occupy, giving a prominence for the physical interests, due to the fact that they are very dose to Physical Education. In methodological terros, it was a comparative study of cases, constituted of a combination of bibliographical, documental and exploratory research. The bibliographical research was accomplished through the System of Libraries at Unicamp while the documental research was developed at the City Hall of Campinas, SP. The exploratory research took place in four districts (belonging to different administrative zones ofthe city: north, south, east and west), chosen in a nonprobabilistic and intentional way, through accessibility approach. This research was based on the theoretical framework proposed by Remi Lefebvre, and has as purpose to obtain a broad vision of the city conceming its space organisation, so that it would be possible to offer subsidies for adaptation, transformation and preservation policies for urban space, specially, for leisure space
Mestrado
Mestre em Educação Física
Floquet, Vincent. "Génération d'ions rapides par impulsions laser ultra intenses et ultra courtes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755702.
Full textMermillod-Blondin, Alexandre. "Analysis and optimization of ultrafast laser-induced bulk modifications in dielectric materials." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET4004.
Full textEn focalisant une impulsion lumineuse ultra brève dans la masse d'un matériau diélectrique transparent, un mécanisme d'ionisation non-linéaire peut conduire à la création de porteurs libres. L'énergie lumineuse est alors efficacement déposée. Après relaxation de l'énergie, un matériau avec de nouvelles propriétés optiques est obtenu. Les propriétés optiques de ce matériau transformé ainsi que la morphologie de la zone altérée sont caractérisés en microscopie à contraste de phase et en microscopie optique classique. Les échantillons étudiés sont principalement la silice pure et le N-BK7. Les observations expérimentales sont corrélées avec une estimation théorique de la densité d'énergie déposée obtenue en résolvant l'équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire. Dans la silice pure, l'apparition d'une micro-cavité est ainsi associée à une région de forte exposition à l'énergie lumineuse. Une étude basée sur un dispositif de microscopie de phase et de microscopie classique caractérisée par une résolution spatiale submicrométrique et une résolution temporelle subpicoseconde est également présentée. Cette analyse révèle l'importance des phénomènes thermiques et des effets thermomécaniques. En optimisant la forme temporelle de l'impulsion, nous démontrons la possibilité de conduire le matériau de manière permanente dans des états inaccessibles lorsqu'on se limite à une irradiation ultra brève classique. En particulier, nous montrons l'existence de régions de densités élevées dans le BK7 après irradiation. Enfin, la souplesse offerte par la mise en forme temporelle est employée afin de réaliser l'écriture de guides d'ondes enterrés dans le BK7